GOLDENBERG EPHRAIM (IL)
RUDNICK ROY (IL)
YEDID ITAY (IL)
DROR MICHAEL (IL)
SCHERER MICHAEL (IL)
SHEMESH ZIV (IL)
GOULINSKI NADAV (IL)
WO2013063097A1 | 2013-05-02 |
US20070247726A1 | 2007-10-25 | |||
US20190107651A1 | 2019-04-11 | |||
US20150029601A1 | 2015-01-29 | |||
US20150205068A1 | 2015-07-23 | |||
US20100033844A1 | 2010-02-11 | |||
US6035136A | 2000-03-07 | |||
US20200084358A1 | 2020-03-12 | |||
US20170094187A1 | 2017-03-30 | |||
US20160105616A1 | 2016-04-14 |
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A camera, comprising: a lens comprising N lens elements L1-LN arranged along a lens optical axis starting with L1 on an object side and ending with LN on an image side, wherein N ≥ 5, wherein the lens elements are divided into two or more lens groups and wherein two adjacent lens groups are separated by a respective air-gap d1 along the lens optical axis; an image sensor separated from lens element LN by an air-gap d2 along the lens optical axis, the image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD between 7 and 20mm; and an actuator operative to control the air-gaps d1 and d2 to switch the camera between M ≥1 operative pop-out states and a collapsed state and to focus the camera on an object at an object-lens distance u of less than 30cm, wherein in each operative pop-out state m ∈ {1,2,…M} the lens has a respective effective focal length EFLm and a total track length TTLm, wherein in the collapsed state the lens has a total track length c-TTL, wherein a minimal EFLmin of the M effective focal lengths EFLm is equal to or greater than 7mm, and wherein c-TTL < 0.65∙EFLmin. 2. The camera of claim 1, wherein M=2. 3. The camera of claim 1, wherein M=3. 4. The camera of claim 1, wherein M=4. 5. The camera of claim 1, wherein the operative pop-out states are continuous such that the EFLm change continuously from EFL1 to EFLM. 6. The camera of claim 1, wherein c-TTL < 0.7∙EFLmin. 7. The camera of claim 1, wherein the actuator is operative to focus the lens to an object at a distance of less than 25cm. 8. The camera of claim 1, wherein the actuator is operative to focus the lens to an object at a distance of less than 15cm. 9. The camera of claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises one or more springs. 10. The camera of claim 1, wherein d1 is larger than TTLm/6. 11. The camera of claim 1, wherein d1 is larger than TTLm/5. 12. The camera of claim 1, further comprising an optical window that is not in direct contact with the lens. 13. The camera of any of the claims 1-12, wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of springs and a guiding and positioning mechanism, wherein the guiding mechanism enables sufficient z-decenter and xy-decenter accuracy between lens elements in the operative state and repeatability in switching between operative and collapsed states, and wherein the sufficient decenter accuracy is less than 0.1mm decenter and the repeatability is less than 0.05mm decenter. 14. The camera of claim 13, wherein the sufficient decenter accuracy is less than 0.8mm decenter and wherein the repeatability is less than 0.04mm decenter. 15. The camera of any of the claims 1-12, wherein the switching from the operative state to the collapsed state is performed by a window frame pressing on the optics module to bring the camera to a collapsed state height. 16. The camera of claim 14, wherein the switching from the operative state to the collapsed state is performed by a window frame pressing on the optics module to bring the camera to a collapsed state height. 17. The camera of claim 1, wherein the lens is movable for correcting undesired rotational hand motion in Yaw and Pitch. 18. The camera of claim 1, wherein the image sensor is movable for correcting undesired rotational hand motion in Yaw and Pitch. 19. The camera of claim 1, wherein the focusing of the camera on an object at an object- lens distance of less than 30cm is continuous. 20. The camera of claim 1, wherein the actuator is further operative to, in a first operative pop-out state, focus the camera to an object at an object-lens distance of equal or less than 100cm, and wherein, the focusing of the camera to an object-lens distance of less than 30cm is in a second pop-out state different from the first pop-out state. 21. The camera of claim 1, wherein TTLm/EFLm is smaller than 1.0 and larger than 0.7. 22. The camera of claim 1, wherein SD is in the range of 8mm to 14mm. 23. The camera of claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises a guiding and positioning mechanism based on a kinematic coupling mechanism. 24. A handheld electronic device, comprising the camera of any of the claims 1-12 and 17- 23. 25. A camera system comprising the camera of any of the claims 1 to 12 and 17-23 together with a second camera comprising a second lens system having at least one air-gap, wherein the actuator also is further operative to control the at least one air-gap of the second camera to switch the second camera between O ≥ 1 second camera operative pop-out states and a second camera collapsed state, and wherein the actuator is further operative to control the at least one air-gap of the second camera for simultaneously switching the camera of any of the claims 1 to 12 and 17-23 and the second camera between the O ≥ 1 second camera operative pop-out states and the second camera collapsed state. 26. The camera system of claim 25, wherein in the second camera collapsed state the second lens has a total track length c-TTL2 and wherein cTTL2 = cTTL ±10%. 27. A handheld electronic device comprising the camera system of claim 25. 28. The handheld electronic device of claim 25, wherein the device has a device exterior surface, wherein in an operative state either of the first or second cameras extends beyond the device exterior surface by 2mm-10mm, and wherein in a non-operative state either of the first or second cameras extends beyond the device exterior surface by less than 2mm. 29. A handheld electronic device, comprising: a Tele camera having a camera optical axis and comprising an image sensor and a lens having a lens axis substantially parallel to the camera optical axis, the Tele camera having an effective focal length EFLT ≥ 9mm; a motion sensor for sensing an undesired linear motion of the handheld electronic device; a depth estimator for estimating the distance between the Tele camera and an object; and an actuator operative to move the Tele camera or a component of the Tele camera to compensate for the undesired linear motion of the handheld electronic device, wherein the compensation depends on the undesired linear motion and on the distance between the Tele camera and the object when the distance is smaller than 50cm. 30. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the handheld device further comprises an Ultra-Wide camera having a field of view FOVUW larger than a field of view FOVT of the Tele camera. 31. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the handheld device further comprises a Wide camera having a field of view FOVW larger than a field of view FOVT of the Tele camera. 32. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the depth estimator estimates the distance between the Tele camera and the object using phase detection auto focus. 33. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the depth estimator estimates the distance between the Tele camera and the object using Time-of-Flight image data. 34. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the depth estimator estimates the distance between the Tele camera and the object using depth from motion. 35. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the depth estimator estimates the distance between the Tele camera and the object using depth from defocus. 36. The handheld electronic device of any of the claims 30-35, wherein the depth estimator estimates the distance between the Tele camera and the object using stereo image data selected from the group consisting of image data from the Wide camera and from the Tele camera, image data from the Ultra-Wide camera and the Tele camera, and image data from the Wide camera and the Ultra-Wide camera. 37. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the compensation for the undesired linear motion of the handheld electronic device is in one direction. 38. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the compensation for the undesired linear motion of the handheld electronic device is in two or more directions. 39. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the moving component is the lens. 40. The handheld electronic device of claim 39, wherein an amount of lens movement dLens is calculated as , wherein d0 is an undesired linear motion of the device, EFL is the effective focal length and u is an object-lens distance. 41. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the moving component is the image sensor. 42. The handheld electronic device of claim 41, wherein an amount of image sensor movement dSensor is calculated as wherein d0 is an undesired linear motion of device and u is an object-lens distance. 43. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the motion sensor includes an inertial measurement unit. 44. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the Tele camera is a pop-out Tele camera. 45. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the Tele camera is a folded Tele camera including an optical path folding element. 46. The handheld electronic device of claim 29, wherein the Tele camera is a double-folded Tele camera including two optical path folding elements. 47. A lens system, comprising: an image sensor; and a lens distanced by a back focal length (BFL) from the image sensor and having a field of view FOV < 40deg, an effective focal length (EFL) and a lens mean glass thickness (MGT), the lens including i lens elements L1-Li starting with L1 from an object side toward an image side, wherein 1 ≤ i ≤ N, wherein each lens element Li has a respective thickness Ti and a focal length fi, with a magnitude |fi|, wherein at least some lens elements are organized in two lens groups G1 and G2 separated by a big gap (BG) and having, respectively for G1 and G2, effective focal lengths EFL(G1) and EFL(G2), mean glass thicknesses MGT(G1) and MGT(G2) and mean air gaps MAG(G1) and MAG(G2), wherein the lens has a pop-out total track length TTL < 20mm in a pop-out state and a collapsed total track length c-TTL in a collapsed state, wherein TTL < 0.95 x EFL, and wherein a ratio c-TTL/ TTL < 0.7. 48. The lens system of claim 47, wherein G1 includes three or more lens elements and wherein G2 includes two or more lens elements. 49. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the lens elements are organized in three lens groups G1, G2 and a Field lens, wherein G1 and G2 are separated by a first big gap BG1 and wherein G2 and the Field lens are separated by a second big gap BG2, and wherein the lens system is switched to a collapsed state by collapsing BG1 to a collapsed first big gap c-BG1 and by collapsing BG2 to a collapsed second big gap c-BG2. 50. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the lens system is switched to the collapsed state by collapsing the BFL to a collapsed back focal length c-BFL. 51. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the lens system is switched to the collapsed state by collapsing the BFL to a collapsed c-BFL and collapsing BG to a collapsed big gap c-BG. 52. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the ratio c-TTL/TTL < 0.65. 53. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the ratio c-TTL/TTL < 0.625. 54. The lens system of claim 47, wherein BG > 0.1 x TTL. 55. The lens system of claim 47, wherein BG > 0.2 x TTL. 56. The lens system of claim 47, wherein TTL < 0.9 x EFL. 57. The lens system of claim 47, wherein TTL < 0.87 x EFL. 58. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MGT(G1) > 1.5 x MGT(G2). 59. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MGT(G1) > 2.5 x MGT(G2). 60. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MGT(G1) > 3.0 x MGT(G2). 61. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MGT(G1) > 1.25 x MGT. 62. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MGT(G1) > 1.4 x MGT. 63. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG(G2) > 5 x MAG(G1). 64. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG(G2) > 10 x MAG(G1). 65. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG(G2) > 15 x MAG(G1). 66. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG > 3 x MAG(G1). 67. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG > 5 x MAG(G1). 68. The lens system of claim 47, wherein MAG > 7 x MAG(G1). 69. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a thickness TG1 of G1 fulfills 0.2xTTL < TG1 < 0.35xTTL. 70. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a thickness TG1 of G1 fulfills TG1 ≥ 0.3 x (TTL- BFL). 71. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a thickness TG1 of G1 fulfills TG1 ≥ 0.4 x (TTL- BFL). 72. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a thickness T1 of L1 fulfills TG1 ≥ 0.4 x (TTL- BFL). 73. The lens system of claim 47, wherein T1 > 0.1xTTL. 74. The lens system of claim 47, wherein T1 > 0.15xTTL. 75. The lens system of claim 47, wherein T1 > 1.5xMGT. 76. The lens system of claim 47, wherein T1 > 2.0xMGT. 77. The lens system of claim 47, EFL(G1) > 0 and wherein EFL(G2) < 0. 78. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a ratio between a magnitude of EFL(G1) of G1, |EFL(G1)|, and a magnitude of a EFL(G2) of G2, |EFL(G2)|, |EFL(G1) | / |EFL(G2)| < 0.85. 79. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a ratio between a magnitude of EFL(G1) of G1, |EFL(G1)|, and a magnitude of a EFL(G2) of G2, |EFL(G2)|, |EFL(G1) | / |EFL(G2)| < 0.6. 80. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the Abbe numbers of the first 3 lens elements L1, L2 and L3 fulfills: high, high and low, and wherein a high lens-sensor distance is more than twice a low lens-sensor distance. 81. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the Abbe numbers of the first 3 lens elements L1, L2 and L3 fulfills: high, low and high, and wherein a high lens-sensor distance is more than twice a low lens-sensor distance. 82. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of the focal lengths f1, f2, f3 of L1, L2, L3 fulfills: + + -. 83. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of all focal lengths f1, f2,…, fN fulfills: + + - - - +. 84. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of all focal lengths f1, f2,…, fN fulfills: + - + - - - +. 85. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of all focal lengths f1, f2,…, fN fulfills: + + - - + -. 86. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of all focal lengths f1, f2,…, fN fulfills: + + - + - +. 87. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a sequence of the signs of all focal lengths f1, f2,…, fN fulfills: + + - - - + -. 88. The lens system of claim 47, wherein curvatures of both the first surface and the second surface of the first lens element of G2 are positive and the sign of the focal length is negative. 89. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the curvature of both the first surface and the second surface of L4 are positive and wherein the sign of the focal length is negative. 90. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the magnitude of the focal length of L4, |f4|, fulfills |f4| > 4x |fi|, i=1, 2, 3, 5, 6..N. 91. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the magnitude of the focal length of the fourth lens element L4, |f4|, fulfills |f4| > 5x |fi|, i= 5, 6..N. 92. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a first deflection point at the rear surface of LN-1 is located at a distance d-r measured from an optical axis of the lens, and a first deflection point at the front surface of LN-1 is located at a distance d-f measured from an optical axis of the lens, and wherein 0.5mm < d-r, d-f > 1.0mm. 93. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a first deflection point at the rear surface of LN-1 is located at a distance d-r measured from an optical axis of the lens, and wherein d-r > 1.5mm. 94. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a first deflection point at the front surface of LN is located at a distance d-f measured from an optical axis of the lens, and wherein d-f > 0.8mm. 95. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a first deflection point at the rear surface of LN is located at a distance d-r measured from an optical axis of the lens, and wherein d-r > 0.15mm. 96. The lens system of claim 47, wherein a first deflection point at the rear surface of LN is located at a distance d-r measured from an optical axis of the lens, and wherein d-r > 2mm. 97. The lens system of claim 47, wherein the first lens element L1 is meniscus. 98. The lens system of claim 47, wherein EFL(G1) < 0.9 x EFL. 99. The lens system of claim 47, wherein EFL(G1) < 0.8 x EFL. |
Table 1
Table 2 FIG.8B shows another lens system 850. Lens system 850 is shown in a pop-out state. The design data is given in Tables 3-5. Lens system 850 includes a lens 206-7 having six lens elements L1-L6, optical window 802 and image sensor 208. L1-L3 form G1, and L4-L6 form G2. The TTL is 13.5 mm and the BFL is 5.49mm. Focal length is EFL=15.15 mm, F number =2.0 and the FOV = 32.56 deg. Air-gap dG1-G2 is 1.78mm. In a collapsed state, a “collapsed” cTTL may be 5-11 mm. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified air-gap between L3 and L4, which is a collapsed air-gap c-dG1-G2 and which may be 0.05-1.0mm and a modified BFL which is a c-BFL and may be 0.1- 1.5mm. For lens system 850, a ratio TTL/EFL is 0.89, i.e. EFL > TTL. The ratio cTTL/EFL may be 0.35-0.75.
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5 FIG.9 shows a lens system 900 in a pop-out state. Lens system 900 comprises a second embodiment of a lens numbered 206-2. Lens 206-2 includes five lens elements marked L1-L5 arranged in G1 (L1 and L2) and G2 (L3, L4 and L5). Lens 206-2 is shown in a first zoom state having ZF1 with EFL T = 7.97mm, F# = 1.2 – 2.0 and TTL = 7.78mm. Lens 206-2 may be switched to further zoom states continuously or discretely (having particular ZF2 or ZF3) by modifying dG1-G2 and/or BFL. In the pop-out state, G1 is separated from G2 by an air-gap dG1-G2 = 0.974mm (T4 in Table 3) and G2 is separated from window 802 by an air-gap d10 = 2.66mm (T10). The BFL is 3.27mm. In a collapsed state with a collapsed c-TTL, G1 may be separated from G2 by c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-0.75mm and G2 may be separated from image sensor 208 by c-BFL = 0.2-2.5mm. In other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only BFL may be modified to c-BFL = 0.2-2.5mm and air-gap dG1-G2 may not change. The c-TTL of lens system 900 may be 3.6-7.7mm. Ratio c-TTL/EFL may be equal to or greater than 0.45, and ratio c-TTL/TTL may be equal to or greater than 0.46. G1+G2 are movable together relative to image sensor 208 and in a range R AF . Lens system 900 is represented by Tables 6-7. Table 6 Table 7 FIG. 10 shows a lens system 1000 in a pop-out state. Lens system 1000 comprises a third embodiment of a lens numbered 206-3. Lens 206-3 includes five lens elements L1-L5 arranged in G1 (L1) and G2 (L2-L5) and is shown in a first zoom state having ZF1 with EFLT = 16mm and TTL = 15mm. Lens 206-3 may be switched to further zoom states continuously or discretely (having particular ZF2 or ZF3) by modifying dG1-G2 and/or BFL. In the pop-out state, G1 is separated from G2 by an air-gap dG1-G2 = 1.547mm (T2 in Table 5) and G2 is separated from window 802 by an air-gap d10 = 4.115mm (T10). The BFL is 6.998mm. In a collapsed state with a collapsed c-TTL, G1 may be separated from G2 by c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-0.75mm and G2 may be separated from image sensor 208 by c-BFL = 0.2-5mm. In other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only BFL may be modified to c-BFL = 0.2-2.5mm and air-gap dG1-G2 may not change. The c-TTL of lens system 1000 may be 6.2-13mm. Ratio c-TTL/EFL may be equal to or greater than 0.39 and ratio c-TTL/TTL may be equal to or greater than 0.41. G1+G2 are movable together relative to image sensor 208 and in a range R AF . R AF may be up to 0.6mm for focusing down to 1m, and up to 8mm for focusing down to 0.04m. Lens system 1000 is represented by Tables 8-9. Table 5 provides optical data for lens 206-3 being in a pop-out state Table 6 provides aspheric data. Table 8 Table 9 FIG. 11A-B show a lens system 1100 in two pop-out states. Lens system 1100 comprises a fourth embodiment of a lens numbered 206-4. Lens 206-4 includes six lens elements L1-L6 arranged in G1 (L1 - L2) and G2 (L3 – L6) separated by air-gap dG1-G2. Lens system 1100 may be able to focus continuously from infinity to e.g.5cm. FIG.11A shows lens system 1100 in a Tele lens state focused at infinity. FIG. 11B shows lens system 1100 in a Macro lens state focused at 5cm. For focusing lens 206-4, dG1-G2 and BFL are modified, i.e. two air-gaps present in 1100 are modified. The TTL changes continuously and in dependence on u from TTL=15mm (focus at infinity) to TTL = 20.9mm (focus at 5cm). In the Tele state (see FIG. 11A) having ZF1 and being focused at infinity, 206-4 has F/# = 1.3 – 1.9, EFLT = 14.98mm and TTL = 15mm. In the Tele state, G1 is separated from G2 by an air-gap d T G1-G2 = 1.909mm (i.e. T5, the distance between S5 and S6 in Table 8) and G2 is separated from image sensor by BFL T = 0.586mm (i.e. T13 in Table 8). For the Tele state, a ratio of c-TTL/EFL may be c-TTL/EFL≥0.57, a ratio of c-TTL/TTL may be c-TTL/EFL≥0.57. 206-4 may be switched to further zoom states continuously or discretely (having particular ZF2 or ZF3) by modifying dG1-G2 and/or BFL. In the Macro configuration (see FIG. 11B) with focus at 5cm, 206-4 has F/# = 1.7 – 2.8, EFLM = 14.8mm and TTL = 20.9mm. In the Macro state, G1 is separated from G2 by an air-gap d M G1-G2 = 1.441mm and G2 is separated from image sensor by BFLM = 6.955mm. According to thin lens equation (Eq.2) for EFL≈15mm and u=50 mm the effective lens-image distance v is v≈ 21mm and a M of about 2.4:1 is achieved. In a collapsed state with a collapsed c-TTL, G1 may be separated from G2 by e.g. c- dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.4mm and G2 may be separated from image sensor 208 by c-BFL = 0.2-0.8mm. A c-TTL of lens system 1100 may be c-TTL = 8.5-14mm. For the Macro state, ratio c-TTL/EFL may be equal to or greater than 0.57 and ratio c-TTL/TTL may be equal to or greater than 0.41. In some examples, another (large) air gap such as air gap d11 between L5 and L6 may be collapsed when switching to a collapsed state. For an example with a collapsible air gap d11, c-TTL of lens system 1100 may be 8.5-11mm. In other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.4mm may be modified to c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.4mm and BFL may not change. In yet other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only BFL may be modified to c-BFL = 0.2-0.8mm and air-gap dG1-G2 may not change. Lens system 1100 is represented by Tables 10-13. Table 10 and Table 11 provide optical data for lens 206-4 being in pop-out state and (focused at infinity (left) and at 5cm (right)). Table 12 provides aspheric data and Table 13 provides data on the focus lengths of L1-L6 as well as on G1 and G2.
Table 10
Table 13 FIG. 12A-B show a lens system 1200 in two pop-out states. Lens system 1200 comprises a fifth embodiment of a lens 206-5. Lens 206-5 comprises six lens elements L1-L6 in three lens groups G1 (L1-L3), G2 (L4-L5) and G3 (L6). G1 and G2 are separated by an air- gap dG1-G2 and G2 and G3 are separated by an air-gap dG2-G3. Lens system 1200 may be able to focus continuously from infinity to e.g. 5cm. FIG. 12A shows lens system 1200 in a Tele lens state focused at infinity. FIG.12B shows lens system 1200 in a Macro lens state focused at 5cm. For focusing lens 206-5, dG1-G2 and dG2-G3 are increased or decreased. The TTL changes continuously from TTL=15mm (focus at infinity) to TTL = 20.9mm (focus at 5cm). In the Tele state (see FIG. 12A) having ZF1 and being focused at infinity, 206-5 has F/# = 1.2 – 1.8, EFLT = 15mm and TTL = 18.7mm. In the Tele state, d T G1-G2 = 5.073mm (i.e. T7, the distance between S 7 and S 8 in Table 11) and G2 is separated from G3 by d T G2-G3 = 4.813mm (i.e. T11). For the Tele state, ratio c-TTL/EFL may be equal to or greater than 0.59, and ratio c-TTL/TTL may equal to or greater than 0.48.206-5 may be switched to further zoom states continuously or discretely (having particular ZF2 or ZF3) by modifying dG1-G2, dG2-G3 and/or BFL. In the Macro configuration (see FIG. 12B) with focus at 5cm, 206-5 has F/# = 1.3 – 1.9, EFL M = 9.8mm and TTL = 20.9mm. In the Macro state, d M G1-G2 = 2.908mm and d M G2-G3 = 9.175mm. The BFL of 206-5 is = 0.95mm and is not modified for focusing. According to eq. 2 for EFL≈10mm and u=50 mm, the lens-image distance (“v”) is v≈ 12.5mm and a M of about 4:1 is achieved. In a collapsed state with a collapsed c-TTL, G1 may be separated from G2 by c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-2.5mm and G2 may be separated from G3 by c-dG2-G3 = 0.02-4.5mm. When switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state two air-gaps may be modified. A c-TTL of lens system 1200 may be 8.8-15mm. For the Macro state, ratio c-TTL/EFL may be equal to or greater than 0.89 and ratio c-TTL/TTL may be equal to or greater than 0.43. In some examples, another (large) air gap such as air gap d9 between L4 and L5 may be collapsed when switching to a collapsed state. For an example with a collapsible air gap d9, c-TTL of lens system 1200 may be 7.6-15mm, corresponding to a ratio c-TTL/EFL ≥ 0.76. In other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only dG1-G2 may be modified to c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.4mm and dG2-G3 may not change. In yet other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only dG2-G3 may be modified to c-dG2-G3 = 0.02-4.5mm dG1-G2 may not change. Lens system 1200 is represented by Tables 14-17. Table 14 and Table 15 provide optical data for lens 206-5 being in pop-out state (focus at infinity and at 5cm), Table 16 provides aspheric data, and Table 17 provides data on the focus lengths of each lens element and on G1, G2 and G3.
Table 14 Table 15
Table 16 Table 17 FIG. 13A-B show a lens system 1300 in two pop-out states. Lens system 1300 comprises a sixth embodiment of a lens 206-6. FIG.13A shows lens system 1300 in a Tele lens state focused at infinity (“Config. A”). FIG.13B shows lens system 1300 in a Macro lens state focused at 5cm (“Config. C”). Lens 206-6 comprises two lens groups G1 (L1-L2) and G2 (L3- L6), separated by an air-gap dG1-G2. Lens system 1300 may be able to focus continuously from infinity to e.g.5cm. For focusing lens 206-6, dG1-G2 and the BFL are changed. The TTL changes continuously and depending on u from TTL=15.8mm (focus at infinity) to TTL = 20.4mm (focus at 5cm). I.e. for focusing, there is a relative movement of G1 and G2 and in addition a movement of G1 and G2 together (see Table 20). In the Tele state (see FIG.13A) having ZF1 and being focused at infinity, lens 206-6 has F/# = 1.3 – 1.9, EFLT = 15mm and TTL = 15.8mm. In the Tele state, d T G1-G2 = 2.625mm (i.e. T5, the distance between S5 and S6 in Table 20) and BFL= 0.844mm. 206-6 may be switched to further zoom states continuously or discretely (having particular ZF2 or ZF3) by modifying dG1-G2 and/or BFL. In the Macro configuration (see FIG. 13B) with focus at 5cm, 206-6 has F/# = 1.5 – 2.6, EFL M = 15mm and TTL = 20.4mm. In the Macro state, d M G1-G2 = 1.303mm and BFL = 6.818mm. AM of about 2.5:1 is achieved. In a collapsed state with a collapsed c-TTL, G1 may be separated from G2 by e.g. c- dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.5mm and L3 may be separated from L4 by c-d7 = 0.02-2.5mm. A c-TTL of lens system 1200 may be 9.5-13.5mm. In other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only d7 may be modified to c-d7 = 0.02-2.5mm and dG1-G2 may not change. In yet other examples, when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state only dG1-G2 may be modified to c-dG1-G2 = 0.02-1.5mm d7 may not change. The lens system 1300 is represented by Tables 18-21. FOV is given as half FOV (HFOV). Table 18 and Table 19 provide optical data for lens 206-5 being in pop-out state. Table 20 provides aspheric data. Table 20 shows three focus configurations of lens system 1300: focused to infinity (“Config. A”), focused to 100mm (“Config. B”, no Figure shown) and focused to 50mm (“Config. C”). The u which is focused on is given by Surface 0 in Table 20. Table 21 provides data on the half FOV (HFOV), M and f/#. Lens system 1300 can focus continuously from Infinity to 50mm. For changing focus of lens system 1300 continuously, the values of dG1-G2 and BFL change continuously.
Table 18
Table 19
Table 20 Table 21 The focusing range of some examples of lens systems such as 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 may be from infinity to less than 150mm, from infinity to e.g.1m or 2m, and from e.g.350mm to less than 150mm, e.g. to 50mm. The focusing range of a lens system is defined as all u that can be focused to by means of a camera mechanism that controls the distance between lens and image sensor. That is, for each object that is located within the focus range, a focusing mechanism can set a particular v that results in maximum contrast for the object’s image. Maximum contrast means that for lens-image sensor distances other than the particular lens-image sensor distance, the object’s contrast will decrease. A minimal object distance (MIOD) is defined as the lower limit of the focusing range, i.e. the MIOD is the smallest u that the lens system can focus to. For example, some embodiments shown above can focus from infinity to 50mm, i.e. MIOD is 50mm. FIG.14A shows a known sensor shift setup. The sensor is shown from a viewing point on the camera’s optical axis (camera not shown). Most of today’s mobile devices equipped with OIS correct for undesired device motion in Yaw and Pitch directions. As indicated by arrow 1402, for correction in Yaw direction, the sensor is moved parallel to X. As indicated by arrow 1404, for Pitch correction, the sensor is moved parallel to Y. FIG.14B shows a sensor shift setup disclosed herein. The sensor is shown in the same perspective as in FIG.14A. As shown in FIG.14B, a correction of undesired linear motion in X (indicated by arrow 1406) and Y direction (indicated by arrow 1408) may be performed along the same axes used for Yaw and Pitch correction respectively. Correction for undesired linear motion in X and Y may be superposed on correction of rotational hand motion in Yaw and Pitch. FIG.15A shows an exemplary optical system 1500 having an optical axis 1502 parallel to X that comprises an object 1504, a lens 1506 and an image 1508 of object 1504 formed at an image sensor 1510. Lens 1506 may have a principal plane 1512. FIG. 15A shows optical system 1500 at an initial time, e.g. when starting image sensor exposure for image capture. Optical system 1500 has a M of 1:1. FIG. 15B shows optical system 1500 at a later time during exposure of image sensor 1510 for image capture and after the camera hosting device underwent an undesired linear motion in the negative Y direction by a distance d 0 (relative to the object at rest). The undesired linear motion results in a linear shift of an object point in the positive Y direction by a distance d 0 . On image sensor 1510, this results in a linear image shift in the negative Y direction by a distance d and eventually in image blurring. d does not only depend on the magnitude and direction of the actual undesired linear motion, but also on u: on image sensor 1510, the actual undesired linear motion is amplified or attenuated according to with u and v. According to eq.2, d sensor relates to d 0 according to: From eq.3 we learn that for a typical image capture scenario for a Wide camera (Wide example: EFL=5mm, u>10cm) or a Tele camera (Tele example: EFL=13mm, u>100cm) a linear shift at the object plane d0 leads to a linear shift dS at image sensor 1510 of dS≈0.05∙d0 for the Wide example (u=10cm) and d S ≈0.01∙d 0 for the Tele example (u=100cm). In general, it is assumed that u>>EFL and that an undesired linear motion such as d 0 does not deteriorate image quality significantly. However, this assumption is not valid for cameras with large magnifications M such as the pop-out camera in Macro configuration described herein. Consider as an example a Tele camera having EFL =13mm that is focused to u=10cm (first Macro example: EFL=13mm, u=10cm) and u=5cm object-lens distance (second Macro example: EFL=13mm, u=5cm). For the first Macro example dS≈0.15∙d0, for the second Macro example dS≈0.35∙d0. This shows that significant image quality deterioration caused by undesired linear motion in X and Y is expected. An undesired linear motion of a handheld device may be sensed by a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU). An IMU provides data on the linear acceleration which is to be integrated for determining the linear shift. FIG.16A shows schematically in a block diagram a device 1600 operative to perform OIS for correcting undesired linear motion in X and Y directions as described herein. Device 1600 comprises a Tele camera 1610 having FOV T . In some examples, camera 1610 is a Macro capable (upright) pop-out camera. In other examples, camera 1610 is a Macro capable folded or upright Tele camera. Tele camera 1610 comprises of an actuator 1612 and a position sensor 1614 (e.g. a Hall sensor) for closed loop actuation and control, a lens 1616 and an image sensor 1618. If Tele camera 1610 is a pop-out camera, lens 1616 may comprise a collapsible lens. If Tele camera 1610 is a folded camera, it may comprise an optical path folding element (OPFE, not shown) for folding an optical path, in general by 90 degrees. If Tele camera 1610 is a double-folded camera, it may comprise two OPFEs (not shown) for folding an optical path twice, in general by 90 degrees per folding. OIS may be performed as “lens shift” OIS or as “sensor shift” OIS. In a folded Tele camera, OIS may be performed as “prism OIS”, i.e. the one or two OPFEs may be rotated or moved linearly for performing OIS as described herein. For sensor shift OIS, image sensor 1618 is moved relative to lens 1616 and to device 250. For sensor shift OIS, a sensor shift by dS is required for correcting an undesired linear motion by d0 as given by eq.3. In lens shift OIS, the lens is moved relative to image sensor 1618 and to device 250. For lens shift OIS a lens shift by d L is required for correcting an undesired linear motion by d0. Lens shift dL depends on dS (eq.4) and d0 (eq.5) according to: and In other examples, OIS may be performed by moving the entire Tele camera, i.e. the Tele camera’s components such as lens, image sensor etc. do not move relative to each other for performing OIS, but they move together relative to device 1600. Device 1600 comprises an application processor (AP) 1620 that includes a depth estimator 1622, an OIS controller 1624 and a microcontroller unit (MCU, not shown). Device 1600 further comprises an IMU 1604, at least one second camera 1630 and a memory 1640. The MCU may be used to read and process data of IMU 1604. In some examples, the MCU may be controlled by an OIS controller 1624 which is part of AP 1620. Camera 1630 may e.g. be a W camera or an UW camera. FOVW may e.g. be 60 – 90 degrees, FOV UW may e.g. be 90-130 degrees. In other examples, 1600 may comprise additional cameras. The additional cameras may e.g. be a W camera, an UW camera, an additional Tele camera, a Time of Flight (ToF) camera. Memory 1640 may e.g. be a NVM (non-volatile memory) used to store calibration data. Calibration data may e.g. be for calibration between Tele camera 1610 and second camera 1630. In other examples, calibration data may be stored in memory element 1640 and/or in additional memory elements (not shown). The additional memory elements may be integrated in the camera 1610 and in the second camera 1630 or only in one of the camera modules and may be EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory). Memory 1640 may also store image data, depth data or metadata of a specific scene, scene segment or object. Metadata may e.g. be one or more depth values. Another example of a device numbered 1650 and operative to perform OIS for correcting undesired linear motion in X and Y direction as described herein is shown in FIG.16B. Device 1650 includes a MCU 1630 which is configured for reading and processing motion data provided by IMU 1604 and for reading and supplying OIS control signals to the Tele camera 1610, i.e. reading and processing of data from position sensor 1614 and supplying control signals to the driver of actuator 1612. For depth estimation, image data from Tele camera 1610 or from camera 1630 or from additional cameras or components is transmitted to the depth estimator 1622. Depth estimator 1622 calculates depth as known in the art. In some examples, depth estimator 1622 calculates a depth map of the entire scene covered by FOV T . In other examples, depth estimator 1622 calculates a depth map of the image segments of the scene that include a specific object of interest (OOI) or object of interest (ROI). In yet other examples, depth estimator 1622 calculates a single value only, whereas the single value corresponds to a depth range of an object in focus. In yet other examples, depth information may be provided by a laser range finder (“Laser AF”) which performs a Time-of-Flight measurement. Image data transmitted to the depth estimator 1622 may e.g. be: ▪ Phase detection auto focus (PDAF) data from the second camera 1630; ▪ PDAF data from the Tele camera 1610; ▪ Stereo image data, e.g. from Tele camera 1610 and from second camera 1630; ▪ Focus stacking visual image data; ▪ Focus stacking PDAF data; ▪ Visual image data from Tele camera 1610 and/or from second camera 1630 (for estimating depth from defocus); ▪ Visual image data from Tele camera 1610 and/or from second camera 1630 (for estimating depth from object motion); ▪ Depth data from second camera 1630 that may be a Time of Flight (ToF) camera. In some examples, visual image data from Tele camera 1610 and/or from camera 1630 may be used to estimate depth from motion, e.g. from a pre-view video stream comprising a plurality of images. Depth from motion may be estimated by turning OIS off, estimating d0 between two or more frames from IMU information, estimating d S from the movement of an image point between two or more frames and estimating u according to eq.3. OIS controller 1624 receives data on the linear acceleration of device 1600 from IMU 1604 and depth data on u of the object in focus (or larger segments of the scene) from depth estimator 1622. For OIS on undesired linear motion in X and Y, OIS controller 1624 and/or a MCU such as MCU 1630 estimates d0 from the IMU’s data on linear acceleration and calculates dS or dL for sensor shift OIS or lens shift OIS respectively according to eq. 3 or eq. 5 respectively. OIS controller 1624 and/or MCU 1630 transmit control signals to actuator 1612. Actuator 1612 may actuate an image sensor for sensor shift OIS and/or a lens for lens shift OIS. OIS controller 1624 and/or MCU 1630 receive data on the position of lens 1616 (for lens shift OIS) or image sensor 1618 (for sensor shift OIS) from position sensors 1614 for performing closed loop control. In all the lens examples, the EFL of the entire G1 group is marked EFLG1 (or “EFL(G1)”), the EFL of the entire G2 group is marked EFLG2 and focal lengths of individual lens elements are marked by the element number, i.e. the power of L1 is marked f 1 the focal length of L2 is marked f2, etc. A mean glass thickness (“MGT“) of a lens group or an entire lens is defined by the average thickness of the single lens elements it includes. The mean glass thickness of a group, e.g. G1, is marked “MGT(G1)”, while the mean glass thickness of an entire lens is marked “MGT”. A mean air gap (“MAG“) of a lens group or an entire lens is defined by the average thickness of the air gaps along the optical axis between the single lens elements within its lens groups G1 and G2. This means that calculating the mean air gap takes into account only intra- lens group distances but not distances between lens groups. Specifically BG, BG1, BG2 and BFL are not considered for calculating MAG. The mean air gap of a group, e.g. G1, is marked “MAG(G1)”, while the mean air gap of an entire lens marked “MAG”. All pop-out optical lens systems described below may be focused by moving an entire lens with respect to an image sensor. Table 22 summarizes values and ratios thereof of various features that are included in the lens systems shown above and in the following (TTL, c-TTL, EFL, f, BG, c-BG, BFL, c-BFL, TG1, TG2, T1, T3, MGT, MAG given in mm, H-FOV given in degrees). For c-TTL, a minimum value is given. “P-O method” refers to the method used for switching the respective lens system between a pop-out and a collapsed state, wherein the number “i” refers to the i-th method embodiment (e.g. “1” refers to switching according to a 1 st method embodiment, “2” refers to switching according to a 2 nd method embodiment, etc.).
Table 22 Table 22 (cont.) FIG. 17A shows an example of a pop-out optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 1700 in a pop-out state. Lens system 1700 comprises a pop-out lens 206-8 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2, an image sensor 208 and, optionally, an optical element (“window”) 802. FIG.4B shows pop-out optical lens system 1700 in a collapsed state. Optical element 802 may be for example infra-red (IR) filter, and/or a glass image sensor dust cover. Optical rays pass through lens 206-8 and form an image on image sensor 208. FIG. 17A shows 3 fields with 3 rays for each: the upper marginal-ray, the lower marginal-ray and the chief-ray. All further figures show these 3 rays as well. Detailed optical data and surface data for pop-out lens 206-8 are given in Tables 23-26. Table 23 provides surface types, Table 24 provides aspheric coefficients, and Table 25 shows the BFL (“T”) for lens 206-8 being in a pop-out state and c-BFL for lens 206-8 being in a collapsed state. Table 26 shows the distance of a first, second and third deflection point (“DP1”, “DP2” and “DP3”) respectively from the optical axis for lens elements LN-1 and LN. The surface types are: a) Plano: flat surfaces, no curvature b) Q type 1 (QT1) surface sag formula: where {z, r} are the standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, rnorm is generally one half of the surface’s clear aperture (CA), and An are the aspheric coefficients shown in lens data tables. The Z axis is positive towards image. Values for CA are given as a clear aperture radius, i.e. D/2. The reference wavelength is 555.0 nm. Units are in mm except for refraction index (“Index”) and Abbe #. Each lens element Li has a respective focal length fi, and all lens elements of a group Gi together have a respective focal length fi, both given in Table 23. The FOV is given as half FOV (HFOV). The definitions for surface types, Z axis, CA values, reference wavelength, units, focal length and HFOV are valid for all following Tables. Table 23 Table 24 shows the aspheric coefficients.
Table 24 Table 24 cont. Table 25 Table 26 FIG.18A shows another embodiment of a pop-out optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 1800. FIG. 18B shows pop-out optical lens system 1800 in a collapsed state. Lens system 1800 comprises a pop-out lens 206-9 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2, an image sensor 208 and, optionally, an optical element 802. Table 27 provides surface types, Table 28 provides aspheric coefficients, Table 29 shows the BFL and c-BFL and Table 30 shows the deflection point distances from the optical axis. Table 27
Table 28 Table 28 cont. Table 29 Table 30 FIG. 19A shows yet another embodiment of a pop-out optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 1900 in a pop-out state. FIG.19B shows pop-out optical lens system 1900 in a collapsed state. Lens system 1900 comprises a pop-out lens 206-10 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2, an image sensor 208 and, optionally, an optical element 802. Table 31 provides surface types, Table 32 provides aspheric coefficients, and Table 33 shows the BG and the BFL for the pop-out state and the c-BG and the c-BFL for the collapsed state. Table 34 shows the deflection point distances from the optical axis. Table 31 Table 32 Table 32 cont. Table 33 Table 34 FIG. 20A shows yet another embodiment of a pop-out optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 2000 in a pop-out state. FIG.20B shows pop-out optical lens system 2000 in a collapsed state. Lens system 2000 comprises a pop-out lens 206-11 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2, an image sensor 208 and, optionally, an optical element 802. Table 35 provides surface types, Table 36 provides aspheric coefficients, and Table 37 shows the BG and the BFL for the pop-out state and the c-BG and the c-BFL for collapsed state. Table 38 shows the deflection point distances from the optical axis. The focal length of L3+L4 together is f 3+4 = -17.34. EFL = 14.7mm, F# = 2, HFoV = 12.7deg, Sensor Height Full Diagonal = 6.5mm
Table 35 Table 36 cont.
Table 38 FIG.21A shows yet another embodiment of a pop-out optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 2100 in a pop-out state. FIG. 21B shows pop-out optical lens system 2100 in a collapsed state. Lens system 2100 comprises a pop-out lens 206-12 which is divided into three lens groups G1, G2 and Field lens 808, an image sensor 208 and, optionally, an optical element 802. Table 39 provides surface types, Table 40 provides aspheric coefficients, and Table 41 shows BG1 and BG2 for the pop-out state and c-BG1 and c-BG2 for collapsed state. Table 42 shows the deflection point distances from the optical axis. Table 39 Table 40
Table 40 cont. Table 41 Table 42 While this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments and generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of the embodiments and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims. Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression “and/or” between the last two members of a list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may be made. It should be understood that where the claims or specification refer to "a" or "an" element, such reference is not to be construed as there being only one of that element. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the term "substantially" is used herein to imply the possibility of variations in values within an acceptable range. According to one example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 5% over or under any specified value. According to another example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 2.5% over or under any specified value. According to a further example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 1% over or under any specified value. All references mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present disclosure.
Next Patent: BILLHOOK FOR BALER KNOTTER