PATENT APPLICATION

ATTORNEY DOCKET: T2007017PCT INVENTOR: Milan Cerovsek

POWER SLIPS

Field of the Invention

This invention relates in general to power slips used to support pipe during oil and gas well drilling operations.

Background of the Invention

During oil and gas well drilling, at certain depths and at total depth, the operator typically runs and cements a string of casing in the well. The string of casing is made up of sections of pipe, each about 40 feet in length. Each section of pipe has externally threaded ends, one of which has a collar secured to it, the collar having internal threads.

While picking up another section of casing, the operator supports the made-up string of casing in the well with slips at the rig floor. The collar normally has insufficient strength to bear the weight of a lengthy string of casing, thus the slips have to be configured to grip the exterior Oof the casing below the collar.

Generally the slips comprise a plurality of segments that slide up and down a conical bowl between released and gripping positions. Power slips employing hydraulic cylinders to move the slip segments are commonly employed. Power slips can be mounted to a rotary table at the rig floor. In that instance, as the operator screws the new section of casing to the string of casing supported by the slips, the torque imposed on the string by the make-up

mechanism can be transferred through the slips to the rotary table to prevent the string from spinning during make-up. Power slips can also be employed to support a string of drill pipe.

Power slips are also used as elevators. In that instance, they are coupled to eievator bails, which are supported by a lifting mechanism on the drilling rig, such as the blocks or a top drive. When used as elevators, they move up and down the derrick with the lifting mechanism and are used to lift sections of casing to be made up with the made-up string.

Summary

The slips assembly of this invention has a housing containing interior pockets spaced circumferentially around the hole through which the pipe extends. Each pocket has a back wall and two side walls that face each other. At least one ramp surface, and preferably upper and lower ramp surfaces, protrudes inward from the back wall.

A slip segment fits in each pocket and slides between an upper released position and a lower gripping position. The slip segment has mating ramp surfaces on its outer side that slide on the ramp surfaces of the back wall as the slip segment moves between positions. The slip segment has side edges that contact the side walls of the pocket to transfer torque.

A hydraulic cylinder is located between the back wall and outer side of each slip segment to move the slip segment between positions. Preferably a cavity extends vertically through the ramp surfaces to accommodate the hydraulic cylinder. The cavity is centered between the side edges of the segment.

In the preferred embodiment, the housing is formed in two sections that are hinged together. One section preferably has more pockets than the other.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is an isometric view of a power slips constructed in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the power slips of Figure 1, shown in a gripping position.

Figure 3 is an isometric view of the power slips of Figure 1, shown in an open position and with the top plate and guide plate removed.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the power slips of Figure 1 , shown in a released position.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the power slips of Figure I, shown in a gripping position.

Figure 6 is an isometric view of the smaller housing segment of the power slips of Figure 1, with the slips, top plate, and guide plate removed.

Figure 7 is an isometric view of the smaller housing segment of Figure 6, but shown at a different angle.

Figure 8 is an isometric view of the larger housing segment of the power slips of Figure 1, shown with the slips, top plate and guide plate removed.

Figure 9 is an isometric view of the larger housing segment of Figure 8, but shown at a different angle.

Figure 10 is another isometric view of the larger housing segment of Figure 8, but at a different angle.

Figure 11 is an isometric view of one of the slip segments, shown apart from the power slips and with the adapter removed.

Figure 12 is an elevational view of the back side of the slip segment of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is an isometric view of an adapter plate for the slip segment of Figure 11.

Figure 14 is an isometric view of a bell guide for attachment to the power slips of Figure 1 when used as an elevator.

Figure 15 is a perspective view of the power slips of Figure 1, shown attached to elevator bails and with the bell guide of Figure 14 attached.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Referring to Figure 1 , power slips 1 1 has a housing made up of a larger housing segment 13 that is secured to a smaller housing segment 15 by hinge plates 17. Housing segments 13, 15 define a cylindrical member with a hole 16 extending therethrough along an axis 14. Larger housing segment 13 extends circumferentially a greater amount around axis 14 than smaller housing segment 15. In this example, larger housing segment extends about 240 degrees around axis 14, and smaller housing segment 15 extends about 120 degrees.

As shown also in Figure 3, each hinge plate 17 is engaged by a pin 19 extending through mating holes 21. Referring again to Figure 1, in this embodiment, power slips 11 also has a pair of lugs 23 spaced on opposite sides. Lugs 23 are used to connect power slips 11 to elevator bails 25 (Figure 15) when power slips 11 is used as an elevator.

Referring to Figure 2, power slips 11 holds a plurality of slip segments 27. In this embodiment, there are three slip segments 27, each extending approximately 120 degrees to form a cylindrical configuration when in the lower gripping position shown in Figures 2 and 5, but different numbers could be employed. A hydraulic cylinder 29 for each slip segment 27 is used to move the slip segments 27 between the gripping position shown in Figures 2 and 5 and the released position shown in Figure 4. When moving from the released position of Figure 4 to the gripping position of Figure 5, slip segments 27 move downward and inward relative to axis 14 of power slips 11.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate smaller housing segment 15 with its slip segment 27 removed. In this example, smaller housing segment 15 has one slip pocket 30, which is defined by a pair of sidewalls 31 that face each other and are flat and parallel in this embodiment. Neither sidewall 31 is on a radial line from axis 14. Sidewalls 31 are joined by a back wall 33 that is a portion of the cylinder. A conical surface 35 located at the bottom of back wall 33 joins the lower edges of sidewalls 31. Conical surface 35 leads downward to a partially cylindrical Hp 36 that defines part of the lower end of hole 16 (Fig. 2). Lip 36 extends downward from the lower end of smaller housing segment 15.

Upper ramp sections 37 are formed integrally on back wall 33 and slope downward and inward. There are two upper ramp sections 37 spaced circumferentially apart by a vertical cavity 39 for accommodating hydraulic cylinder 29 (Figure 5). There are also two lower ramp sections 38 spaced below upper ramp sections 37 and separated by a lower portion hydraulic cylinder cavity 39. The lower two ramp sections 38 are located above and radially outward from conical surface 35.

Each upper ramp section 37 has a configuration of a tooth, having an upper end 37a joining back wall 33 and a lower end 37b spaced closer to axis 14 (Fig. 5) of housing

segments 13, 15. A lower sloping edge 37c extends downward from lower end 37b at a steeper angle than the upper surface or flank of upper ramp section 37. Upper ramp section 37 has a lower side 37d that is generally perpendicular to axis 14 and extends from lower edge 37c to back wall 33.

Each lower ramp section 38 has a similar configuration, with an upper end 38a at back wail 33 that is spaced below the junction of upper ramp section lower side 37d and back wall 33. Upper end 38a of lower ramp section 38 is spaced closer to axis 14 than upper end 37a of upper ramp section 37, but farther from axis 14 than lower end 37b of upper ramp section 37. Lower end 38b of lower ramp section 38 is spaced closer to axis 14 than lower end 37b of upper ramp section 37. A sloping inner edge 38c extends from lower end 38b to conical surface 35 at a steeper degree than the upper surface of lower ramp section 38. Sidewalls 31 extend inward past inner edges 37c and 38c of ramp surfaces 37, 38 and join lip 36.

Each sidewall 31 has a guide slot 41 formed therein near its upper end. Each guide slot 41 has a lower edge that extends downward and inward toward axis 14.

Referring to Figure U, each slip segment 27 has a slip body 43 dimensioned for reception within one of the slip pockets 30 (Figure 6) of smaller housing segment 15 as well as one of the slip pockets 30 of larger housing segment 13 (Fig. 8). Slip segment body 43 has side edges 49 that fit closely within side walls 31 of slip pocket 30 (Fig, 6). Slip segment body 43 has upper and lower ramp surfaces 45, 46 on its back side, each of which mates with and slides on one of the ramp sections 37, 38 (Figure 6) of smaller housing segment 15. As shown in Figure 12, upper ramp surfaces 45 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other, defining a hydraulic cylinder space 47 that registers with hydraulic cylinder space 39 in Figure 6. Similarly, lower body ramp surfaces 46 are circumferentially spaced apart from

each other. Body ramp surfaces 45, 46 have toothed configurations similar to upper and lower ramp surfaces 37, 38 (Fig. 6) in housing segment 15.

A guide pin 50 is attached to each side edge 49 for reception in one of the guide slots 41 in slip pocket side walls 31 (Fig. 6). Referring to Figure 12, mounting pins 51 are mounted on the back of slip segment body 43 near its lower end for supporting the lower end of one of the hydraulic cylinders 29 (Figure 5). The front or inner side of slip segment body 43 is a segment of a cylinder and may have axially extending splines 53 or other gripping members on its forward side.

For some sizes of pipe, splines 53 serve to grip the pipe. For other pipe sizes, an adapter plate 55 (Fig, 13) mounts to the front side of slip segment body 43 over splines 53. Adapter plate 55 is partially cylindrical. The forward or inner side of adapter plate 55 has gripping elements or a gripping surface for engaging a pipe. A flange 54 at the upper edge of adapter plate 55 extends radially outward for securing to the upper edge of slip segment body 43. The thickness of adapter plate 55 is selected to engage various sizes of pipe. Adapter plates 55 of greater and lesser thickness can be interchangeably mounted to slip segment body 43 (Figure 11) for different pipe diameter sizes.

Figure 3 shows slip segment body 43 and adapter plate 55 mounted in smaller housing segment 15. A retainer brace 56 bolts to the top of smaller housing segment 15 across the upper end of slip segment body 43 to retain slip segment body 43 in housing segment 15, Retainer 56 has a mounting member that secures the upper end of hydraulic cylinder 29, as shown in Figure 4. Hydraulic cylinder 29 locates in the mating hydraulic cylinder spaces 39 (Figure 6) and 47 (Figure 11), thus, is centered between the side edges of slip segment 27.

When hydraulic fluid is supplied in the extending direction, the shaft end of hydraulic cylinder 29 extends and swings inwardly as shown by comparing Figure 4 to Figure 5. Slip

body ramp segments 45, 46 slide down ramp sections 37, 38. Guide pins 50 (Fig. 11) at the upper end of slip segment body 43 slide down guide slots 41 (Figure 6). A flow divider (not shown) in the hydraulic circuitry directs fluid to the three cylinders 29 equally in the extending direction. The flow divider assures that the slip segments 27 move simultaneously to the gripping position, thereby centering the pipe.

Larger housing segment 13, shown in Figure 8, is constructed in a similar manner, but it holds two of the slip segments 27 (Figure 3) rather than one in this example. Larger housing segment 13 has two sidewalls 57 that are opposed and parallel to each other to define one of the slip pockets 30. There are also two sidewalls 59 that are opposed and parallel to each other to define the other slip pocket 30. One of the sidewalls 57 and one of the sidewalls 59 intersect each other at their inner edges to form an external corner. In this embodiment, the angle is greater than 90 degrees and is shown to be 120 degrees; the angle could vary. A back wall 61, which is a portion of a cylinder, joins the two sidewalls 57 to define one of the slip pockets 30. Another back wall 63, which is another portion of the same cylinder, and joins the two sidewalls 59 to define the other slip pocket 30. A conical surface 65 is located at the lower end of back wall 61 and extends between the lower ends of sidewalls 57. A conical surface 67 is located at the lower end of back wall 63 and extends between sidewalls 59. A partially cylindrical lip 66 extends downward from conical surfaces 65, 67 to mate with lip 36 (Fig. 6) and define a circular lower end for hole 16 (Fig. 2).

Upper and lower ramp sections 68 extend from back wall 61. Upper ramp sections 68 and lower ramp sections 68 are circumferential Iy spaced apart from each other in the same manner as ramp sections 37 of Figure 6 to provide a space for one of the hydraulic cylinders 29 (Fig. 2). Similarly, upper and lower ramp sections 69 protrude inward from back wall 63. Guide slots 71 are located in each sidewall 57, and guide slots 72 are located in each sidewall

59. Slip segments 27 as shown in Figures 11-13 are mounted in the two pockets 30 of larger housing segment 13. Slip segments 27 in larger housing segment 13 are interchangeable with the one in smaller housing segment 15.

Referring to Figure 10, lip 66, which has a circular inner side, has three flat external sides 73. The three flat exterior surfaces 73 define a generally orthogonal configuration that is sized to fit within a rectangular receptacle (not shown) of a rotary table on a drilling rig floor. Lip 66 extends approximately 240 degrees, with the remaining 120 portion being open so that it may be placed around pipe when power slips 11 are hinged open as shown in Figure 3. Rectangular sides 73 lock power slips 11 to the rotary table, preventing rotation of power slips 11 unless the rotary table is rotated, in which case, it rotates with the rotary table. Adapters (not shown) can be mounted to Hp 66 around rectangular sides for different sizes and configurations of rotary tables.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, each housing segment 13 and 15 has a top plate 77 that mounts over retainer braces 56 (Figure 3). The top plate 77 on smaller housing segment 15 covers only smaller housing segment 15, extending approximately 120 degrees. The top plate 77 on larger housing segment 13 covers larger housing segment 13, extending approximately 240 degrees. A two-piece top guide 79 is mounted on top plates 77 to define a circular opening for receiving pipe. Top guide 79 may be replaced with top guides of different inner diameters for different pipe sizes. In this example, each of the two pieces of top guide 79 is identical and extends 180 degrees.

Referring to Figures 14 and 15, power slips 11 can also be used as an drilling rig elevator by mounting it to elevator bails 25. When attached as shown in Figure 15, power slips 11 move up and down the derrick, being lifted by the lifting mechanism such as the rig blocks or a top drive. When used as an elevator, the operator may employ a bell guide 81 on

the lower end to assist in guiding power slips 11 over pipe. Bell guide 81 fastens to the bottom of the assembled housing segments 13, 15 with fasteners engaging threaded holes 75 (Fig. 10).

During operation, the operator will configure power slips 11 for a desired diameter and desired operation. For example, if to be used on the rig floor, the operator will insert Hp 66 into the receptacle of the rotary table such that its orthogonal sides 73 (Fig. 10) mate with the receptacle. If a different pipe diameter is to be run, the operator will remove top guide 79, top plates 77 (Figure 2) and adapter plates 55 (Figure 3 and Figure 13). Removing these components provides ready access to adapter plates 55. The operator can remove the current adapter plates 55 and install the desired size of adapter plates 55 without removing any other components. This could be done while power slips 11 are assembled in the cylindrical configuration of Figure 1. Also removing top guide 79 and top plates 77 exposes pins 19 (Fig. 3), so that the operator can remove one to open smaller housing segment 15. Opening housing segment 15 allows the operator to remove power slips 11 from the rig floor even if pipe is extending through the rotary table and suspended by a lifting mechanism in the derrick.

The operator will control the gripping and releasing movement of power slips 11 remotely. To cause slip segments 27 to move to the gripping position of Figure 5 from the released position of Figure 4, the operator supplies hydraulic fluid to hydraulic cylinders 29. Each hydraulic cylinder 29 moves one of the slip segments 27 downward and inward along the various ramp sections 37, 38, 68 and 69. When in the lowest position, a lower portion of each slip segment 27 will contact one of the conical surfaces 35 (Figure 6), 65 or 67 (Figure 8). While gripping the pipe, if torque is applied, the force passes through slip segments 27 to the sidewalls of the pockets 30. When hydraulic fluid is supplied in the reverse direction to

hydraulic cylinders 29, they pull slip segments 27 upward and outward to the position shown in Figure 4. In the fully released position shown in Figure 4, slip segments 27 are spaced above conical surfaces 35, 65 and 67.

The power slip assembly described has significant advantages. The slip pockets retain the slip segments to resists torque and allow the slip segments to readily move between griping and released positions. The uses of upper and lower toothed-shaped ramp surfaces in each pocket makes the unit compact. Making one of the housing segments circumferentially smaller than the other allows one to utilize fewer slip segments than if the housing segments were equal in size. The arrangement of the slips and adapter plates allows the operator to easily change the adapters for different pipe diameters merely by removing the top guide and top plates.

While the invention has been shown in only one of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited but is susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention.