TRACKLESS PUSHER MECHANISM

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[01] This Application is a continuation in-part of United States Application No.

13/564,575, filed August 1, 2012, which claims benefit to United States Provisional Application Nos. 61/530,736 filed September 2, 2011, 61/542,473 filed October 3, 2011, and 61/553,545 filed October 31, 2011, and is a continuation-in-part of United States Application No. 12/639,656 filed December 16, 2009, and granted as U.S. Patent No. 8,322,544, which is a continuation-in-part application of United States Application No. 12/357,860 filed January 22, 2009, and granted as U.S. Patent No. 8,453,850, which is a continuation-in-part application of United States Application No. 11/760,196 filed June 8, 2007, and granted as U.S. Patent No. 8,312,999, which is a continuation-in-part application of United States Application No. 11/411,761 filed April 25, 2006, and granted as U.S. Patent No. 7,823,734, which claims benefit to United States Provisional Application Nos. 60/716,362 filed September 12, 2005 and 60/734,692 filed November 8, 2005. This application also claims benefit to United States Provisional Application No. 61/735,831 filed on December 11, 2012. All of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[02] The exemplary embodiments of the invention relate generally to a shelf assembly for use in merchandising product and more particularly to a shelf assembly having improved mechanisms for displaying and pushing product on the shelves.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[03] It is known that retail and wholesale stores, such as convenience stores, drug stores, grocery stores, discount stores, and the like, require a large amount of shelving both to store product and to display the product to consumers. In displaying product, it is desirable for the product on the shelves to be situated toward the front of the shelf so that the product is visible and accessible to consumers. In the case of coolers or refrigerators that are used to store and display such products as soft drinks, energy drinks, bottled water, and other bottled or canned beverages, it is desirable for these products to also be situated toward the front of the shelf and visible and accessible to the consumers.

[04] To accomplish this placement of product, known systems may include inclined trays or floors that through gravity will cause the product to move toward the front of the shelf. Many of these systems include floors or shelves made of a plastic material such as polypropylene that due its low coefficient of friction permit the product to easily slide along the inclined floor or surface. However, over time, these surfaces can become obstructed with debris or sticky substances that inhibit the product from properly sliding, sometimes causing several products to tip over thus blocking additional product from moving to the front of the shelf.

[05] Other systems include the use of a pusher system to push the product toward the front of the shelf as the product at the front of the shelf is removed. The known pusher systems are typically mounted to a track and include a pusher paddle and a coiled spring to urge the product forward. Occasionally, as the system is used, and over time, the track becomes obstructed with dirt or sticky materials that hinder the proper operation of the pusher system in the track. In addition, depending on the size, shape and weight of the product to be merchandised, the known pusher paddles may occasionally tip or bend backwards, thereby causing a binding of the pusher mechanism in the track. In those situations, the pusher mechanism may not properly push product toward the front of the shelf.

[06] One exemplary embodiment is directed at improving upon existing merchandising systems by providing a trackless pusher system that works with gravity-fed merchandise systems (i.e., inclined shelves or trays) and non-gravity- fed merchandise systems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[07] One exemplary embodiment is directed to a product management display system for merchandising product on a shelf. This embodiment includes using a trackless pusher mechanism that travels along a surface on which product is placed. The trackless system overcomes the known problems with the use of tracks to hold and guide the known pusher mechanisms. It should be understood however that the teachings of this embodiment may be used with systems that include tracks for mounting a pusher mechanism or the like.

[08] The pusher mechanism can include a pusher paddle and a floor that extends forward of the pusher paddle. A flat coiled spring or other biasing element can be operatively connected behind the pusher paddle and extend across the floor of the pusher mechanism and to the front of the shelf. Alternatively, the flat coiled spring or biasing element can extend across the divider to the front of the shelf assembly. With this configuration, the pusher paddle is prevented from tipping or bending backwards during operation.

[09] An exemplary embodiment also includes the use of a pushing mechanism with the merchandising of product on horizontal or non-inclined shelves or surfaces, as well as with gravity-fed systems, or systems that use gravity as a mechanism to urge product toward the front of the shelf.

[10] In accordance with an exemplary illustrative embodiment of the invention, the pusher paddle may define a concave pushing surface for pushing cylindrical products, such as soft drink bottles or cans, and to keep the paddle centered on the track and behind the product. Alternatively, the pusher paddle may define a flat pushing surface that may further include at its upper edge a curved rib or similar structure that can also be used to push cylindrical products.

[11] In accordance with another exemplary illustrative embodiment of the invention, the floor of the pusher mechanism can include a notched or cut-out portion to align the pusher mechanism relative to the coiled spring. Also, the floor of the system also can include a notch or cut-out portion for receiving and mounting a flat end of the coiled spring to the floor. A spring tip may be placed on the end of the coiled spring to mount the coiled spring to the floor of the system. Alternatively, the end of the coiled spring can mount to the divider of the assembly.

[12] In accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment, an adaptor for a product management display system may be positioned on a floor surface of the display system. The adaptor may include a planar surface with at least two ribs extending outwardly from the planar surface and across the planar surface in a substantially parallel manner. A coiled spring may be positioned between the parallel extending ribs. With this configuration, product to be merchandised may sit on the ribs, and not directly on the coiled spring, to enhance the forward movement of certain types of product, such as cans of a beverage.

[13] In yet another alternative aspect, a mounting member may be used to mount the end of the coiled spring to the floor of the system. For those systems that include spaced- apart glide rails that are joined together by connecting ribs, the mounting member may be snap-fit to or otherwise mounted on the floor and between the glide rails.

[14] In yet another alternative aspect, the trackless pusher system is retrofitted into an existing shelf assembly. This allows for the placement of the trackless pusher system in an existing shelving system as a low cost alternative to purchasing the entire trackless pusher assembly.

[15] In another exemplary embodiment, the coil spring can be mounted to the retainer. An end of the coil spring can be directly mounted to the retainer or alternatively the end can be mounted to the retainer via an adapter. The adapter can have a curved portion which is received in a correspondingly shaped curved slot in the retainer to secure the end of the spring to the display assembly. In another exemplary embodiment, the trays can be attached via a dovetail connection to form a shelf assembly. Additionally the dividers can be adjusted such that the width of the product rows can be adapted to receive different sized products.

In accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment, the product management display system can be arranged in a stackable arrangement. The assembly can be provided with a first tray and a second tray each having a first wall and a second wall. The first and second trays are each adapted to receive a pusher mechanism, and a retainer mechanism. First and second spacers are mounted to the first and second trays for stacking the first and second trays on top of one another. The first and second spacer can be provided with a plurality of detents, and the first tray and the second tray can each be provided with a plurality of correspondingly shaped sockets for receiving the plurality of detents.

In accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment, the product management display system may include at least one tray having a front rounded portion and defining a plurality of apertures and having two sides. A lip may extend upward from the front rounded portion of the at least one tray. A front shelf may extend forward from the lip. The at least one tray may include one divider extending upwardly from each of the two sides and a front wall. The front wall may include a top wall, a bottom wall, and two side legs. The front wall, bottom wall, and two side legs may form a wall aperture and the front wall may include a plurality of projections configured to engage with the plurality of apertures on the tray.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 depicts an isometric exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of a product management display system of the present invention.

Figure 2 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary pusher mechanism mounted to an exemplary tray or product channel of the present invention. Figure 3 depicts another isometric view of the system of Figure 2 with product placed in the system.

Figure 4 depicts another isometric view of the system of Figure 2 with multiple products placed in the system.

Figure 5 depicts an isometric rear view of the system of Figure 4.

Figure 6 depicts an alternative embodiment of the tray or product channel of the present invention.

Figure 7 depicts an exemplary tip for an end of a coiled spring that may be used with the product management display system of the invention.

Figure 8 depicts the exemplary tip of Figure 7 being mounted to a surface of a tray or product channel.

Figure 9 depicts the exemplary tip of Figure 7 being mounted to an end of a coiled spring.

Figure 10 depicts the exemplary tip of Figure 7 mounted to an end of a coiled spring.

Figure 11 depicts an isometric view of an alternative exemplary embodiment of a product management display system of the present invention.

Figure 12 depicts another isometric view of the system of Figure 11.

Figure 13 depicts a front view of the system of Figure 11.

Figure 14 depicts a top view of the system of Figure 11.

Figure 15 depicts a rear view of the system of Figure 11. Figure 16 depicts an isometric view of an adaptor that may be used with the invention.

Figure 17 depicts a front view of the adaptor of Figure 16.

Figure 18 depicts an exemplary installation of the adaptor of the invention.

Figure 19 depicts an isometric view of an installed adaptor of the invention.

Figure 20 depicts a front view of an installed adaptor of the invention.

Figure 21 depicts an isometric view of an alternative exemplary embodiment of a product management display system of the present invention.

Figure 22 depicts an isometric bottom view of an exemplary mounting member that may be used to mount the end of the coiled spring to the floor of the display system.

Figure 23 depicts an isometric top view of the exemplary mounting member of Figure 22.

Figure 24 depicts the exemplary mounting member of Figure 22 mounted to the end of the coiled spring with the coiled spring mounted to an exemplary pusher paddle.

Figure 25 depicts another view of the exemplary mounting member of Figure 22 mounted to the end of the coiled spring with the coiled spring mounted to an exemplary pusher paddle.

Figure 26 depicts the exemplary mounting member of Figure 22 with attached coiled spring being mounted to the floor of the system.

Figure 27 depicts the exemplary mounting member of Figure 22 installed on the floor of the system. Figure 28 depicts an isometric view of an alternative exemplary embodiment of a product management display system of the present invention.

Figure 29 depicts a close-up isometric view of the tray of the exemplary embodiment of Figure 28.

Figure 29A depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of Figure 28 illustrating a first securing method.

Figure 29B depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of Figure 28 illustrating a second securing method.

Figure 30 depicts a close-up isometric view of the embodiment of Figure 28 illustrating a rivet attaching the spring to the tray.

Figure 31 depicts an isometric view of the embodiment of Figure 28 being assembled in a preexisting wire shelf.

Figure 32 depicts an isometric view of the embodiment of Figure 28 assembled in a preexisting wire shelf.

Figure 33 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 34 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 35 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of an adapter. Figure 36 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a retainer. Figure 37 depicts a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system. Figure 38 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 39 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 40 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 41 A depicts a sectional side view of an exemplary embodiment of a divider.

Figure 4 IB depicts a front view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 41C depicts a close up view of a section of Figure 4 IB.

Figure 4 ID depicts a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a divider.

Figure 42 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 43 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the display system.

Figure 44 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a product management display system.

Figure 45 depicts another isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a product management display system with product in the system.

Figure 46 depicts a top view of another exemplary embodiment of a product management display system with product in the system. [70] Figure 47 depicts an isometric-rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a product management display system with product in the system.

[71] Figure 48 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the pusher mechanism mounted to a divider.

[72] Figure 49 depicts another isometric view of the divider and pusher mechanism being assembled to the product management display system.

[73] Figure 50 depicts an isometric view of yet another exemplary embodiment of the product management display system.

[74] Figure 51 depicts another isometric view of the exemplary embodiment of the product management display system of Figure 50 without product.

[75] Figure 52 depicts an exploded isometric view of the exemplary embodiment of the product management display system of Figure 50.

[76] Figure 53 depicts an isometric view of yet another exemplary embodiment of the product management display system.

[77] Figure 54 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary attachment of the pusher spring to a shelf of the product management display system of Figure 53.

[78] Figure 55 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary attachment of the pusher spring to a shelf of the product management display system of Figure 53.

[79] Figure 56 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary attachment of the pusher spring to a shelf of the product management display system of Figure 53.

[80] Figure 57 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary attachment of the pusher spring to a shelf of the product management display system of Figure 53. Figure 58 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a product management display system and aspects thereof.

Figures 59A-C depict isometric views of embodiments of the product management display system of Figure 58.

Figure 60 depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of the product management display system of Figure 58.

Figure 61 depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

Figure 62 depicts a partial top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 63 depicts a partial rear view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 64 depicts a front view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 65 depicts another perspective view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 66 depicts another top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 67 depicts another perspective view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 68 depicts another perspective view of the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 69 depicts a bottom view of a tray that can be used in conjunction with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 70 depicts a side perspective view of the tray of Figure 69 in use with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

Figure 71 depicts a rear view of the tray of Figure 69. [95] Figure 72 depicts another side perspective view of the tray of Figure 69 in use with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

[96] Figure 73 depicts a top perspective view of the tray of Figure 69 in use with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

[97] Figure 74 depicts another side perspective view of the tray of Figure 69 in use with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

[98] Figure 75 depicts another top perspective view of the tray of Figure 69 in use with the embodiment shown in Figure 61.

[99] Figure 76 depicts a side perspective view of the tray of Figure 69.

[100] Figure 77 depicts another side perspective view of the tray of Figure 69.

[101] Figure 78 depicts a front perspective view of the tray of Figure 69.

[102] Figure 79 depicts a rear perspective view of the tray of Figure 69.

[103] Figure 80A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[104] Figure 80B depicts an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[105] Figure 81 A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[106] Figure 8 IB depicts an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system. [107] Figure 82 A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[108] Figure 82B depicts an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[109] Figure 82C depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[110] Figure 82D depicts an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of a product management display system.

[Ill] Before the embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including" and "comprising" and variations thereof is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items and equivalents thereof. Further, the use of the term "mount," "mounted" or "mounting" is meant to broadly include any technique or method of mounting, attaching, joining or coupling one part to another, whether directly or indirectly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[112] The invention may be embodied in various forms. Referring to the Figures wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is depicted in Figure 1 an isometric exploded view of an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary merchandise system 10 includes a product dispensing tray 12 in which is mounted an exemplary trackless pusher mechanism 14. As described in more detail below, the pusher mechanism 14 will fit in the tray 12 and will slide along the surface of the tray without the use of tracks, rails, or guides typically used to hold a conventional pusher mechanism to the tray or floor of the tray. The pusher mechanism defines a pusher paddle and a pusher floor that extends forward of the pusher paddle. A coiled spring may extend across the pusher floor and operatively connect to the tray at a forward position on the tray. In one aspect of the invention, product to be merchandised may be placed in the tray in front of the pusher paddle and may sit on the pusher floor as well as the coiled spring. With this configuration, the weight of the product will prevent the pusher paddle from tipping to ensure proper pushing of the product. In addition, the problems associated with debris or sticky materials hindering the effectiveness of known pusher systems that use tracks, rails or guides have been eliminated. Other aspects, embodiments and features of the invention and its teachings are set forth in more detail below.

[113] The exemplary tray 12 may define a surface 16 and one or more dividing panels or dividers 18 to separate the tray into numerous rows for placement of product. In an alternative aspect, the tray 12 may be a shelf or any other surface on which products may be placed for merchandising. The surface 16 may be a solid surface or a surface defining a plurality of spaced-apart apertures 20 separated by a plurality of support ribs 22. The apertures 20 and ribs 22 provide a surface that permits the slidable movement of product placed on this surface and also permits liquids and dirt to pass through the apertures 20 so that they do not collect on the surface 16. The surface 16 may be made of any suitable material that permits the slidable movement of product on the surface 16. Other surface or floor configurations are known and may be used with the principles of the invention.

[114] As depicted in Figures 9 and 10, the surface 16 may define a rounded end portion 24 that includes a notch or cut-out portion 26. The end portion 24 may be rounded to match the shape of the product that is placed on the tray. For example, the depicted end portion 24 is rounded or defines a semi-circular shape to match the contour of a bottle or can that may be placed in the tray and on the end portion 24. Other shapes of the end portion may be used with the invention depending on the product to be merchandised.

[115] The notch 26 may be used to receive and mount an end 29 of a coiled spring 30 or similar biasing element. The notch 26 may define opposing angled edge surfaces 32 that are joined by edge 34. The edge 34 is preferably centered across the width of the product row formed in the tray 12 and extends perpendicular to the length of the tray. This configuration will center the coiled spring 30 relative to the tray 12 and will permit the spring to extend in a substantially parallel manner relative to the length of the tray. In other words, the depicted edge 34 of the notch 26 will permit the spring 30 to extend along the length of the tray 12 at or near the center of the product row formed by the tray. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the location and configuration of the notch may vary depending on the desired placement of the spring.

[116] The coiled spring 30 may define an end 29 that is configured to be placed across the notch 26 and onto the edge 34. In one aspect, the end 29 of the coiled spring may be V-shaped and function as a hook such that the end 29 will wrap around the edge 34 with a portion of the end 29 of the coiled spring extending beneath the end portion 24 of the surface 16. This configuration permits an easy installation of the coiled spring onto the tray.

[117] In another aspect, and referring to Figure 7, a spring tip 60 may be added to the end 29 of the spring 30 to assist with the mounting of the spring to the system. The spring tip 60 may define numerous shapes and configurations depending on the configuration of the tray and the surface on which the spring end needs to attach. The spring tip 60 may be permanently attached to the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 or it may be detachable to permit the interchange or replacement of the spring tip 60. The spring tip 60 may be made of plastic and may define one or more apertures. Aperture 61 may be used to receive the end 29 of the coiled spring 30. A second aperture 63 may be used to receive a mating tongue or mounting member 65 extending from the surface 16 of the tray 12, as discussed below. With this configuration, the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 may be operatively connected to the tray 12.

[118] In another aspect, the end 29 of the coiled spring may snap-fit into an aperture formed in the surface 16, or may be otherwise inserted and secured to an aperture or opening in the tray, thereby securing the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 in position.

[119] Referring back to Figure 1, dividers 18 may also be used to separate product into rows. The dividers 18 extend substantially upwardly from the surface 16 and as illustrated in Figure 1, may be positioned on opposing sides of the surface 16. Alternatively, the dividers 18 may be positioned at any desired position on the tray 12 or to the surface 16. The dividers 18 may be formed as a unitary structure with the surface 16, or the dividers 18 may be detachable to provide added flexibility with the system. The dividers may be attached to a front or back rail depending on the system. The dividers 18 may define numerous configurations and may extend upwardly any desired distance to provide the desired height of the dividers between the rows of product to be merchandised. This height may be adjustable by adding divider extenders or the like.

[120] Located at the front of the tray 12 and extending between the dividers 18 may be one or more product-retaining members 44. The product-retaining members 44 serve as a front retaining wall or bar to hold the product in the tray 12 and to prevent the product from falling out of the tray 12. These members are also configured to permit the easy removal of the forward-most product positioned in the tray 12. The product-retaining member 44 may be one or more curve-shaped retaining ribs as depicted in Figure 1. These illustrated retaining ribs may extend from one divider to another divider thereby joining the dividers. The retaining ribs may also extend part- way between the dividers, as also shown in Figure 1 as rib 46, to also assist in retaining the product in the tray. Alternatively, and as shown in Figure 6 the product-retaining member 44 may be a curve-shaped solid retaining wall 48 that extends between dividers. The retaining wall 48 may be transparent or semi-transparent to permit visualization of the product on the shelf. In another aspect, the retaining wall 48 may also extend partway between the dividers 18. In yet another embodiment depicted in Figures 11-15, the retaining wall 100 may be attached to the surface of the tray and not connect to the dividers. In this embodiment, the retaining wall 100 may form an opening 102 defined by an upper member 104, opposing, curved side walls 106 that further define an angled edge 108, and a floor member 110. The side walls 106 may also be straight and not curved depending on the system. The end of the coiled spring may also snap-fit into the floor 110 or otherwise attached to the tray using any of the techniques described herein. One of skill in the art will readily appreciate that there are numerous shapes and configurations possible for the product-retaining member 44 and that the depicted configurations are merely exemplary embodiments of these numerous configurations.

[121] Referring back to Figure 1, the exemplary trackless pusher mechanism 14 defines a pusher paddle 50 and a pusher floor 52. The pusher paddle 50 and pusher floor 52 may be formed as a single, unitary structure or may be separate structures that are joined together using known techniques. In addition, the pusher paddle 50 and pusher floor 52 may be made of any known suitable plastic or metal material. The pusher paddle and pusher floor may be reinforced using any known reinforcing techniques.

[122] In one aspect, the pusher paddle 50 forms a curved-shape pusher surface or face 54 that is configured to match the shape of the product to be merchandised, such as plastic bottles or cans containing a beverage, as depicted in Figures 3-5. The curve- shaped pusher surface 54 permits the pusher to remain centrally aligned with the last product in the tray. This configuration reduces friction and drag between the pusher and the divider walls. In an alternative aspect, the pusher surface or face may be a flat surface. In yet another aspect, the flat pusher surface may be accompanied by a curved shaped rib that is positioned near or on the top of the pusher paddle and that may be used to center and align product in the tray, in a manner similar to the curve- shaped pusher surface 54 depicted in Figure 1. The curve shaped rib may define other shapes and configurations that permit cylindrical or similar shaped products to be properly pushed in the tray. Advertisement, product identification or other product information may be placed on the pusher surface 54.

[123] Positioned behind the pusher surface or face 54 may be one or more support members 58, such as ribs, walls, or gussets. The support members 58 are configured to support the pusher surface 54 and further connect the pusher paddle 50 to the pusher floor 52. As can be seen in Figure 5, positioned between the support members 58 is the coiled spring 30, and more specifically the coiled end 57 that is used to urge the pusher paddle 50 forward and along the tray 12, as understood in the art. Any technique used to operatively connect the coiled spring to the pusher paddle 50 may be used with the invention.

[124] As shown in Figure 1, the pusher floor 52 may be positioned below the pusher paddle 50 and may extend forward of the pusher surface 54 of the pusher paddle. The pusher floor 52 may extend any predetermined distance and at any predetermined angle. For example, the pusher floor 52 may extend substantially perpendicular to the pusher surface 54. In the exemplary embodiment, the pusher floor 52 may extend a sufficient distance to permit one product, such as a single bottle or can, to be placed on the pusher floor. In another aspect, the pusher floor 52 may be configured to permit more than one product to be placed on the pusher floor. The pusher floor 52 may define any shape, including the depicted round shape and may define any product retaining features on the surface of the pusher floor, such as ribs, walls, or the like, to further hold the product on the pusher floor.

[125] As can be seen in Figure 2, the pusher floor 52 may define an elongated channel, groove or recessed portion 59 that is sized, shaped and configured to seat the coiled spring 30. In the exemplary embodiment, the channel or groove 59 may extend across the floor 52 and in a substantially perpendicular manner relative to the pusher paddle 50. In an alternative aspect, the groove or channel may extend part- way or across the entire pusher floor 52, as shown in Figure 19. Such configuration permits the proper alignment and positioning of the pusher paddle 50 in the tray. The groove 59 may define a depth that matches or exceeds the thickness of the coiled spring 30. With this configuration, the coiled spring 30 will seat at or below the pusher floor surface such that product will not sit directly on the coiled spring, rather, such product will sit on the pusher floor surface. As shown in Figure 19, the pusher floor may include apertures and openings through which debris or other items may pass. Alternatively, the floor may be a solid surface.

[126] In an alternative aspect of the invention, as shown in Figures 16-20, an adaptor 180 may be positioned on the surface 16. Referring to Figures 16 and 17, the adaptor 180 may include one or more raised ribs 182 on which a product may sit. The raised ribs 182 may extend longitudinally along the length of the adaptor 180. The adaptor 180 may be a flat extrusion of plastic material (or any other suitable material) defining a planar surface 184 with the one or more ribs 182 extending outwardly from the planar surface 184. The adaptor 180 may define a rounded end 185 and include a notch or cut-away portion 186 through which or across which the coiled spring may extend. The rounded end 185 may be configured to match the shape of the product that is placed on the tray. Other shapes of the end 185, notch 186 and adaptor 180 may be used with the invention depending on the product to be merchandised. The adaptor 180 may be a separate, insertable piece or, alternatively, a piece formed integral with the surface 16.

[127] Referring to Figure 18, the adaptor 180 may be easily insertable onto the surface 16 and between the dividers 18. Referring to Figure 19, once the adaptor 180 is installed, the pusher mechanism 14 may be positioned on top of the adaptor 180 and may slide freely across the ribs 182 of the adaptor 180. The coiled spring 30 may extend in a parallel manner between the ribs 182 and may seat at or below the top surface of the ribs 182, as more clearly shown in Figure 20. With this configuration, the product to be merchandised may sit on, and slide along, the ribs 182 and not on the coiled spring 30. [128] In an alternative aspect, the ribs 182 may be a raised bead or raised beads, or a series of fingers that may be used to facilitate the movement of the product on the surface 16. In yet another alternative embodiment, the ribs 182 may be product moving members, such as runners or one or more rollers or rolling members that permit the product to roll across the rolling members and toward the front of the product display system. Exemplary roller assemblies include those disclosed and described in United States Application Serial No. 11/257,718 filed October 25, 2005 and assigned to RTC Industries, Inc., which application is incorporated herein by reference. As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, there are many possible techniques that may be used with the described pusher mechanisms for facilitating the movement of the product on the shelf or floor.

[129] The underneath side of the pusher floor 52 may be a smooth planar surface that will slide freely along the surface 16. Alternatively, and similar to above, the pusher floor 52 may include beads, runners, rollers or the like that will permit the pusher floor to slide along the surface yet raise the pusher floor up off of the surface 16. In another alternative embodiment, the underneath side of the pusher floor may be configured with rail mounting members to permit the mounting of the pusher to a track or rail, as understood in the art.

[130] The pusher floor further defines a notch or cut-out portion 62 through which will pass the coiled spring 30. The end 29 of the coiled spring 30 will pass through the notch 62 and through the notch 26 of the surface 16 and will mount to the tray using any of the techniques described above.

[131] In use, as the pusher mechanism 14 is urged rearward in the tray 12, the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 will be held in position as described above and the coiled end 57 of the spring 30 will begin to uncoil behind the pusher paddle 50. If the pusher 14 is allowed to move forward in the tray 14, such as when product is removed from the front of the tray, the coiled end 57 of the spring 30 will coil and force the pusher paddle 50 forward in the tray 12, thereby urging product toward the front of the tray. [132] In an alternative embodiment, the coiled spring 30 may extend below and underneath the pusher floor 52 as opposed to above and across the pusher floor, as depicted in the figures. With this configuration, the groove 59 and notch 62 may not be necessary.

[133] The coiled spring 30 may be any biasing element including, without limitation, a flat coil spring commonly used with pusher systems. The present invention may use one or more coiled springs to urge the pusher mechanism 14 forward depending on the desired application. The coil tension of the spring 30 may also vary depending on the particular application.

[134] Referring to Figure 2, the trackless pusher mechanism 14 is shown mounted to the tray 12. As illustrated, the pusher mechanism 14 fits in the tray 12 between the dividers 18. End 29 of the coiled spring 30 extends through the notch in the pusher floor and mounts to the tray as described above. In use, the pusher mechanism 14 will slide along the surface 16 of the tray 12 without the use of tracks, rails, or guides. As depicted in Figure 2, the pusher mechanism 14 is shown in a forward position.

[135] Referring to Figure 3, the pusher mechanism 14 is shown merchandising one product 70 in the merchandise system 10. The product is prevented from tipping out of the tray by the product-retaining member 44. The product 70 may be any product to be merchandised including the depicted soft drink bottle. As shown in this Figure, the product 70 sits on the pusher floor 52 and the coiled spring 30 that extends below the product. The weight of the product on the floor 52 and the positioning of the product across the spring 30 prevent the paddle 50 from tipping in the tray 12.

[136] Referring to Figure 4, the pusher mechanism 14 is shown merchandising multiple products 70 in the merchandise system 10. As shown in this Figure, the product next to the pusher paddle 50 sits on the pusher floor 52 and the coiled spring 30 that extends below the product. The other products will sit on the coiled spring 30 that will extend below these products. Alternatively, the adaptor 180 may be positioned in the system in which case the product may sit on the ribs 182 of the adaptor as opposed to the coiled spring. Again, the weight of the product on the pusher floor 52 and the positioning of the products across the spring 30 prevent the paddle 50 from tipping in the tray. In use, as one product is removed from the front of the tray near the product- retaining member 44, the pusher mechanism 14 (through the urging of the coiled spring 30) will push the remaining product forward in the tray 12 until the forward- most product contacts the product-retaining member 44. As additional products are removed, the pusher mechanism 14 will continue to push the remaining product toward the product-retaining member 44.

[137] Referring to Figure 5, a rear view of the pusher mechanism 14 shows the pusher mechanism 14 merchandising multiple products 70 in the merchandise system 10. Again, the product next to the pusher paddle 50 sits on the pusher floor 52 and the coiled spring 30 that extends below the product. The other products will sit on the coiled spring that will extend below these products. Alternatively, the adaptor 180 may be positioned in the system in which case the product may sit on the ribs 182 of the adaptor as opposed to the coiled spring. As one product is removed from the front of the tray near the product-retaining member 44, the coiled end 57 of the spring 30 will urge the pusher paddle 50 of the pusher mechanism 14 forward in the tray 12 until the forward-most product contacts the product-retaining member 44. As can be seen in this Figure, the coiled end 57 may be positioned between two support members 58. The support members will retain the coiled spring between these members. As can be seen in this Figure, the pusher floor 52 may also extend below the support members 58.

[138] Referring to Figure 6, an alternative embodiment of the pusher tray is depicted. With this embodiment, multiple trays 12 may be formed into a single multi-tray assembly 80. The multi-trays may have a common floor with dividers 18 extending upwardly from the floor to create the multiple trays or rows. In this embodiment, the product- retaining member 44 may be a solid member that extends between two dividers, as discussed above. One or more of the multi-tray assemblies 80 may be coupled or joined together in a side-by-side manner using any known technique, including clips, dovetailing, fasteners, or the like. With this configuration, numerous rows of product can be provided for the merchandising of numerous products.

[139] As stated above, the trackless pusher mechanism 14 may be used with gravity-fed systems, that is, systems having trays or product channels that are mounted on an incline to permit gravity to assist with the merchandising of the product. Alternatively, the trackless pusher mechanism 14 may be used with systems that are mounted in a non-inclined or in a horizontal manner where gravity will provide little or no assistance with the merchandising of the product. The trackless pusher mechanism 14 may also be used to push various shaped products.

[140] Figure 7 depicts an exemplary tip 60 for the end 29 of a coiled spring 30 that may be used with the merchandise system 10. As illustrated, the tip 60 defines an aperture 61 for receiving the end 29 of the coiled spring and an aperture 63 for mounting to the surface 16 of the tray. As can be seen in Figure 7, in one aspect of an alternative embodiment, extending beneath the surface 16 may be a tongue or mounting member 65 that may be configured to mate with the aperture 63 and to snap-fit the tip 60 onto the tongue 65 and thus to the surface 16.

[141] Referring to Figure 8, the exemplary tip 60 of Figure 7 is shown being mounted to the tongue or mounting member 65. The tongue 65 may include an elongated outwardly extending rib 67 that is used to snap-fit the tip 60 onto the tongue 65. One skilled in the art will appreciate that other techniques may be used to mount the tip 60 to the surface 16 and that the depicted technique is merely an exemplary embodiment of one such technique.

[142] Referring to Figure 9, the exemplary tip 60 is shown fully mounted in a snap-fit manner to the surface 16, and more specifically to the end portion 24 of the surface 16 of the tray 12. Also depicted is the mounting of the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 to the aperture 61 of the tip 60. As shown in Figure 9, the end 29 of the coiled spring may be inserted into the aperture 61. The aperture 61 is configured to receive the end 29 of the coiled spring and hold the end 29 in position, and to also permit the removal of the end 29 of the coiled spring from the aperture 61 in those circumstances where it is desirable to disconnect the coiled spring from the tip to permit the removal of the pusher mechanism 14 from the system.

[143] Referring to Figure 10 there is shown the end 29 of the coiled spring fully mounted to the exemplary tip 60. As illustrated in this figure, the coiled spring 30 is now operatively connected to the surface 16 of the tray 12. As a result, the pusher mechanism 14 is now mounted to the tray 12.

[144] Referring to Figures 21-27 there is shown an alternative technique for mounting the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 to the merchandise display system. A mounting member 130 may be used to mount the end 29 of the coiled spring to the floor 131 of the system. For those systems that include spaced-apart glide rails 132 that are joined together by connecting ribs 134 (Figures 26-27), the mounting member 130 may be snap-fit to or otherwise mounted on the floor 131 and between the glide rails 132. The mounting member will thus hold the end of the coiled spring in position and to the floor of the system.

[145] Referring to Figures 22-23, the mounting member 130 may include one or more legs 136 on one or more sides of the member 130. The legs may be configured to snap-fit to the underside of the rails 132 to thereby hold the mounting member 130 to the floor of the system. The legs 136 may include legs ends 137 defining an L-shape or angled surfaces that are configured to contact the underside of the rail 132 and prevent the mounting member 130 from being lifted up from the floor, except by the intentional flexing of the legs out from the underside of the rail 132. The legs 136 may contact the connecting ribs 134 which will prevent slidable movement of the mounting member 130 relative to the floor. Referring to Figure 26, the mounting member 130 is shown being mounted to the floor of the system and more specifically to the rails. Figure 27 illustrates that the mounting member 130 remains in position as the pusher paddle 141 is pulled away from the front of the system. The mounting member 130 may be connected to this type of system floor 131 using other techniques. For example, a separate mounting clip, one or more fasteners, adhesives, or other techniques may be used to secure the mounting member 130 to the floor 131.

[146] Referring to Figures 22-23, the mounting member 130 may also include an aperture or opening or slot 138 that will receive the end 29 of the spring. The spring may be mounted using any of the techniques described herein, or other techniques. The configuration of the aperture 138 and mounting member 130 will hold the spring in position on the mounting member 130, similar to the technique described above.

[147] The mounting member 130 may also include glide ribs 139 on a top surface that allow product placed thereon to slide more easily across the mounting member after the mounting member is installed to the floor of the system. The mounting member 130 may also include an elongated flat body 140 that extends forward of the location of the legs 136 to provide stability to the mounting member 130 after it is mounted to the floor of the system.

[148] Referring to Figures 24-25 and 27, the pusher paddle or pusher mechanism 141 may include a pusher face 143 configured to match the shape of the product against which it pushes. As illustrated, the pusher face 143 may be curve shaped to match the shape of a bottle or other cylindrical object. The pusher paddle 141 may also include a pusher floor 145 similar to the pusher floor configurations described above. The pusher floor 145 may further include a spring sleeve 147 that receives the coiled spring 30 to shield and protect the spring. The spring sleeve 147 may extend partly or fully across the pusher floor 145 and in the direction of the spring 30. The spring sleeve 147 may have a relatively short height and a flat surface 149 to permit product to sit thereon without significant tipping or leaning of the product.

[149] The pusher paddle 141 may be positioned on top of the floor 131 to glide on top of the surface, as described above. The pusher paddle may be positioned between two product divider walls 153 that are joined together by a product retaining member 155. Additional product retaining members 157 may extend outwardly from the product dividers.

[150] Referring to Figures 28 and 29 there is shown yet another alternative technique for mounting the end 29 of the coiled spring 30 to the merchandise display system. In this embodiment, the end 29 is riveted to the tray 216.

[151] Referring to Figures 28-32 in an alternative embodiment, the trackless pusher system may be retrofitted to an existing shelf assembly 230, which may have product dividers already built in. For example, in one embodiment, the trackless pusher system may be retrofitted to an existing wire shelf assembly. Referring to Figures 30-32, a tray or adaptor 216 may have a glide floor 222 that may be sized to a single lane of the shelf 234 or sized to an entire shelf width. The glide floor 222 may include several raised ribs 224, which help to reduce friction for the products merchandised on the tray 216. It should be understood that one or more raised ribs 224 may be used with the glide floor 222. Alternatively, the glide floor 222 may be a flat, planar surface without raised ribs. The tray or adaptor 216 may be configured similar to the adaptor 180 of Figure 16.

[152] As shown in Figures 28 and 30, the end 29 of coiled spring 30 may be riveted, via a rivet 229, to the front end 228 of the tray 216, or may be attached by any other attachment technique. The tray 216 can be retained to the shelf by any attachment technique suitable for the particular shelf. In one embodiment, and as illustrated in Figures 29-32, the tray 216 may include one or more outwardly extending fingers or snaps 220, which may engage one or more individual wires 232 of the shelf 234 to retain the tray 216 on the shelf 234. The fingers or snaps 220 may extend longitudinally along the length of the tray 216, or may be spaced apart along the length of the tray. The snaps 220 may be used to snap-fit the tray 216 to the existing wire shelf. As depicted in Figures 29 A and 29B, the snaps 220 A and 220B may define numerous configurations that permit the tray 216 to be snap fit to the shelf. The embodiment depicted in Figures 28-32 allows for the placement of the trackless pusher system in an existing shelving system, such as a wire shelf system, as a low cost alternative to the entire trackless pusher assembly. It should be understood that with this embodiment, any pusher mechanism described herein may be used.

[153] As depicted in FIGS. 33 and 44, in another exemplary embodiment, the display management system comprises one or more pusher mechanisms 286, one or more dividers 266, one or more trays 306, and one or more retainers 250. The pusher mechanisms 286 can be formed of a pusher paddle 287 and a pusher floor 288. Product is placed on the pusher floor 288 and guided to the front of the display management system via the dividers 266 and the pusher paddle 287. The coiled spring 30 biases the pusher mechanism 286 toward the retainer 250 such that product moves to the front of the system.

[154] In one exemplary embodiment, depicted in FIG. 33, the coiled spring 30 can be mounted to the retainer 250. Alternatively, the coiled spring 30 can be mounted to a divider 266 (also shown in FIGS. 48 and 49). The coiled spring 30 can be directly mounted to the retainer 250, as depicted in FIG. 33, or can be mounted to the retainer 250 via a separate adapter 252, as depicted in FIG. 34.

[155] As depicted in FIG. 35, the adapter 252 has a wall 254 proximate a first end 256. The first end 256 has a curved portion 262, which curves upwardly. The middle portion of the adapter 252 may be provided with a curved slot 260, which is adapted to receive a correspondingly shaped spring end (not shown).

[156] The coiled spring 30 at one end can be secured to the middle portion of the adapter 252. In an exemplary embodiment, the curved slot 260 corresponds in shape and size of the first spring end. Additionally, the first spring end of the coiled spring 30 can be crimped or bent to provide for additional fastening. Nevertheless, any sufficient fastening method can be used to fix the first spring end of the coiled spring 30 to the adapter 252. [157] In an exemplary embodiment, shown in FIGS. 36 and 37, the retainer 250 has a curved slot 284 corresponding in shape and size to the curved portion 262 of the adapter 252. The curved slot 284 extends the length of the retainer to allow for unlimited positioning of the adapter 252 along the length of the retainer 250.

[158] To secure the first spring end of the coiled spring 30 to the retainer 250, the curved portion 262 of the adapter 252 is placed into the curved slot 284 of the retainer 250. The curved slot 284 secures the adapter 252 and the first spring end of the coiled spring 30 to the retainer 250 and provides for a quick and easy assembly of the display system. The wall 254 provides additional stability in the connection between the retainer 250 and the adapter 252. Other methods, however, can be used to secure the adapter 252 and/or the first spring end of the coiled spring 30 to the retainer 250.

[159] Alternatively, as depicted in FIGS. 33 and 44 the coiled spring 30 of the pusher paddle 287 can be mounted directly to the front of the tray 306. The first spring end 290 of the coiled spring 30 is provided with a curved portion. The curved portion curves downwardly from the pusher floor 288 and is adapted to be received in a recess 316 (shown in FIG. 33) defined by a lip 318 of the front surface of the dispensing tray 306 and the retainer 250. A vertically oriented surface of the retainer 250 and the lip 318 are spaced such that a gap is formed between the vertically oriented surface and a front edge of the lip 250. To secure the coiled spring 30 and the pusher mechanism 286 to the assembly, the first spring end 290 is inserted into the gap formed between the vertically oriented surface of the retainer 250 and the front edge of the lip 318 and placed into the recess 316 formed by the lip 318 of the dispensing tray 306 and the retainer 250.

[160] In another exemplary embodiment depicted in FIGS. 38, 39, 48 and 49, the coiled spring 30 can be directly mounted to a divider 266. In addition, in this exemplary embodiment the coiled spring 30 can be mounted perpendicular to the pusher floor 288 such that the axis, about which the coiled spring 30 is coiled, is perpendicular to the pusher floor 288. This orientation has the benefit of preventing the pusher paddle from tipping back. The first spring end 290 can be provided with an angled portion 292 and a tip portion 296. In one exemplary embodiment, the angled portion 292 can be bent perpendicular to the coiled spring body 294. The divider can be provided with a slot 298, which is adapted to receive the tip portion 296 of the first spring end 290.

[161] To secure the coiled spring to the divider, the tip portion 296 is inserted into the slot 298. Once the tip portion 296 is fully inserted into the slot 298, the angled portion 292 engages the slot 298 so as to secure the first spring end 290 to the divider 266.

[162] As depicted in FIG. 33, various pusher mechanism designs can be implemented. The pusher paddle 287 can be formed flat to accommodate correspondingly shaped product. Alternatively, the pusher paddle 286 can have a curved first end and a flat second end. This serves to accommodate a variety of cylindrical products having a variety of different sized diameters and to facilitate the operation of the pusher mechanism 286. During operation, the product in the pusher mechanism 286 and the curved first end together force the pusher mechanism against the divider 266, such that the coil spring 30 remains flat against the divider 266 holding the first spring end 290, while in tension or in operation. This allows for a smoother operation of the pusher mechanism and ensures that the product is properly dispensed as users remove the product from the system.

[163] In another exemplary embodiment depicted in FIGS. 40-41D, the distance between the dividers 266 can be adjusted to accommodate different sized containers. The dividers 266 can be provided with connecting portions 272. The connecting portions 272 can be provided with a first elongated angled surface 268 and a second elongated angled surface 270. Additionally, the connecting portions 272 can be provided with a plurality of projections 274. As depicted in FIG. 4 IB, the rails can be formed of teeth 278 having face surfaces 280 and flank surfaces 282. [164] When assembled, as depicted in FIG. 41C, the connecting portions 272 are received between the teeth 278 of the rails. Additionally, the elongated angled surfaces 268 and 270 and the projections 274 are wedged between the teeth 278. Also as shown in FIG. 41C, the elongated angled surfaces 268 and 270 engage the face surfaces 280, and the projections 274 engage the lower surfaces of the teeth 278. Flank surfaces 282 contact the connecting portion 272.

[165] In an exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 42, the trays 306 are provided with dovetail connections. A first side 308 of the trays 306 is provided with tongues 312 adapted to fit within grooves 314 located on a second side 310 of the trays 306. To connect the trays, the grooves 314 are aligned with tongues 312 such that the tongues 312 are firmly secured within the grooves 314.

[166] In an exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 43, the trays 306 are configured to receive the retainer 250 at a front end. The retainer can be provided with rectangular holes 300, and the retainer is provided with correspondingly shaped and sized projections 302. To secure the retainer 250 to the tray 306, the projections 302 fit into holes 300 to lock the retainer into place on the tray 306.

[167] As depicted in FIGS. 45-47, after the product management display system is assembled, product is loaded into the system. By adjusting the dividers 266 a wide variety of product sizes and shapes can be loaded into the system. As shown in FIGS. 46 and 47, the coil spring 30 in conjunction with the pusher paddle 287 push the product toward the retainer 250. As a user takes product out of the system, the pusher paddle 287 pushes the remaining product such that the product slides along the floor 264 to the retainer 250. This assures that all product remains at the front of the display system.

[168] As depicted in Figures 50-52, the product management display system 400 can be arranged such that trays 402, 404 can be stacked on top of one another. This embodiment can consist generally of a first tray 402, a second tray 404, a first spacer 406, and a second spacer 408.

[169] The trays 402, 404 are each arranged to house product to be dispensed. The first tray 402 and the second tray 404 can be each provided with a clear retainer 410, a pusher mechanism 412, first and second guiding walls, and a coil spring 414.

[170] The pusher mechanism 414 is arranged in a similar fashion as the embodiments discussed above, such that it slides product along the surface of the trays 402, 404, while product is removed. Additionally, any of the alternative arrangements of the pusher mechanism discussed above may be implemented in a stackable tray arrangement.

[171] To provide for an easy assembly and disassembly, the stackable product management display system can be provided with a dovetail connection or any other suitable connection, such as a snap-fit connection, screw-thread connection, or a rivet connection. The first and second trays are provided with detents 416 for assembling the first and second spacers 406, 408 to the first and second trays 402, 404. Each of the first and second trays 402, 404 can be provided with sockets 418 on their respective outside surfaces for receiving the correspondingly shaped detents 416 located on the first and second spacers 406, 408.

[172] To assemble the stackable product management display system, the detents 416 located on the first and second spacers 406, 408 are placed into the correspondingly shaped sockets 418 on the outside surfaces of the first and second trays 402, 404 in a locking arrangement. This provides for a stackable arrangement that can be implemented in conjunction with any of the embodiments discussed above.

[173] In another exemplary embodiment depicted in Figures 53-57, a pusher paddle 500 may be mounted directly to a shelf 508 and held to the shelf by the end of the coiled spring 504. The pusher paddle 500 will slide along and on top of the surface of the shelf. One or more dividers 502 that define a T-shaped configuration may be positioned next to the pusher paddle 500. In an alternative aspect, the base of the divider 502 may be positioned on the shelf such that the base is located underneath the pusher paddle 500. With this configuration, the pusher paddle 500 may slide along the base of the divider. If the dividers 502 are positioned sufficiently far away from the paddle 500, the paddle 500 will slide directly on the surface of the shelf 508. The dividers 502 may define numerous configurations including those described herein and may be secured to the shelf using any known technique, including push pins, rivets, fasteners, adhesives and the like.

[174] In one aspect, the end 510 of the coiled spring 504 is positioned within a hole or aperture 506 located on the shelf 508. The end 510 may define a spring tip that may further define any suitable configuration that permits the spring end to pass into the hole 506 and remain secured to the hole. For example, the spring tip of end 510 may define a hook-shaped configuration that permits the end 510 to wrap around the edges of the hole 506. Alternatively, the spring tip may define one or more catches that hook onto the edges of the hole 506. Still other spring tip configurations are possible.

[175] As shown in Figure 54, to further secure the spring 504 to the shelf 508, a fastener 512, pin, rivet or the like may be used. This fastener 512 will provide a second spaced-apart anchoring point for the spring that will hold the spring in the desired alignment during the full operation of the spring 504 as the paddle 500 moves back and forth on the shelf 508. It will be appreciated that depending on the shelf type and the number and spacing of existing holes on the shelf, even more anchoring points are possible.

[176] Referring to Figures 55-57, there is depicted an exemplary mounting technique for mounting the spring 504 of the paddle 500 onto a shelf. As shown in Figure 55, the end 510 of the spring 504 is inserted into the hole 506 on the shelf. The end 510 may define a spring tip as described herein to hold the end 510 to the edges of the hole 506. As shown in Figure 56, the spring 504, which in this embodiment includes a rivet or stud 514, is lowered onto the shelf such that the rivet or stud 514 fits within another hole 506 located on the shelf. This rivet or stud provides another anchoring point for the spring. As shown in Figures 56 and 57, the spring 504 may define an aperture 516 for receiving yet another rivet or stud 518 to even further secure the spring 504 to the shelf. With these multiple anchoring points, the spring 504 will be secured to the shelf, and thus the paddle will be secured to the shelf. Also, with these multiple anchoring points, the spring will retain the desired alignment during the full operation of the spring as the paddle moves back and forth on the shelf. It should be understood that other anchoring techniques are possible to secure the end of the spring 504 to the shelf, including any of the technique described herein, or any combination of the techniques described herein. It should be appreciated that if a shelf does not have pre-existing holes that could be used to anchor the spring 504, one or more holes could be drilled into the shelf at the desired locations.

[177] With the embodiment depicted in Fig 53-57, it can be appreciated that a trackless pusher paddle may be retrofitted directly onto existing store shelves with very minimal effort or extra mounting pieces. Additionally, this embodiment is easily removable to permit the repositioning of the pusher paddle at any location on the shelf to accommodate any size and type of product being merchandised on the shelf. One of skill in the art will also appreciate that any of the pusher paddles described herein may be mounted directly to the shelf using the techniques described herein, or by using any combination of the techniques described herein.

[178] In another embodiment, depicted in FIGS. 58-60, a tray 12 includes a front rounded portion 669. As illustrated in Fig. 58, the tray 12 also includes a forward lip 670 that is located adjacent the front of the front rounded portion 669. The forward lip 670 can be rounded and can extend perpendicularly in an upward direction from the tray 12. The forward lip can have different heights and in an embodiment has a height of 0.5 inches from the tray 12. The forward lip includes a raised edge or wall portion 671 at each lateral end of the forward lip. The wall portions serve to close off the side portions of the caption pocket that is described later. [179] The tray also can include a shelf 672 that is located immediately adjacent and in a frontward direction of the forward lip 670. The shelf 672 can be curved and can match the curvature of the forward lip 670. The shelf 672 includes a horizontal surface 674. The shelf 672 also includes protrusions 676 that are perpendicular to the horizontal surface 674 of the shelf 672. The shelf 672 and the forward lip 670 add strength to the front portion of the pusher tray. In addition, the horizontal surface 674 of the shelf 672 serves to close off the bottom portion of the caption pocket that is described later.

[180] In an embodiment, a front wall 100 includes a top wall 680 and a bottom wall 682.

The top wall and the bottom wall are connected by two side legs 684. The top wall 680 and the bottom wall 682 are curved. An aperture 686 is defined by the top wall 680, bottom wall 682 and side legs 684. This aperture can be sized such that a product P will not fit through the aperture. The top wall also can contain a contour from the top 688 of the top wall to the bottom 690 of the top wall. This contour assists in limiting or preventing scratches to the top wall. The contour also increases the strength of the top wall. The bottom wall includes a side wall 708 that in operation is adjacent to and may be in contact with protrusion 676. The side legs include notches 698 at the bottom portion of the side legs 684. The notches assist in allowing the hooks 694 to be inserted into apertures 696. The front wall can be constructed of clear material which will not obstruct the view of product P being merchandised in trays 12.

[181] A graphic pocket 692 is defined by (a) the bottom wall 682 of the front wall 100, (b) the curved portion of lip 670, (c) wall portions 671 at the lateral ends of lip 670 and (d) the horizontal surface 674 of shelf 672. This graphic pocket is sized to contain a graphic strip or other advertising. Once the graphic strip is placed in the pocket 692, it is protected from all sides other than the top.

[182] The front wall further comprises two hooks 694. These hooks are configured to fit within with apertures 696 of tray 12. In an embodiment, to fit the hooks 694 within the apertures 696 the front wall first is rotated in the direction of the arrow "A" as depicted in figure 101 with the hooks 694 not in engagement with the apertures 696. The hooks 694 are then initially inserted into the apertures 696 while the hooks 694 are at an angle to the apertures. The front wall is then rotated in the direction of the arrow "B" until the front wall comes to the position shown in figure 102-B. In this position, upper portions 696 of the hooks 694 are parallel to the underside of the surface 16 of tray shelf 12 and the hooks 694 are fully inserted through the apertures 696. The hooks 694 are thereby mounted to the tray 12. In an embodiment, the rear edge 700 of side legs 684 is adjacent to the front edge 702 of the divider 18. The rear edge 700 of side legs 684 may be in contact with the front edge 702 of divider 18.

[183] Figures 59A-C disclose different mounting states of the front wall 100 and a graphic caption 706. Figure 59A discloses the front wall 100 not mounted with the tray 12. Instead, front wall 100 is shown elevated above tray 12. Graphic caption 706 also is shown in an unmounted state. Figure 59B discloses front wall 100 mounted with tray 12. In figure 59B graphic caption 706 is unmounted. The downward arrows in figure 59B show the direction graphic caption 706 will move in to mount with the graphic pocket 692. Figure 59C discloses the graphic caption 706 mounted in graphic pocket 692. When several trays 12 are connected to each other, the graphics caption 706 can form a continuous or near-continuous strip of graphics advertising. Trays 12 can be formed individually and connected together, such as through dovetail connections. In an embodiment, multiple trays can be formed as a unit to create a single unit for merchandising numerous rows of products.

[184] Figure 60 discloses several front walls 100 mounted with several trays 12. The near- continuous nature of the graphics advertising from the graphics caption 706 is seen in Figure 60. In addition, Figure 60 discloses product P being maintained on trays 12 and constrained by front walls 100.

[185] In another exemplary embodiment, which will be described in more detail below in Figures 61-79, a pusher mechanism for a merchandise display is configured to be placed into a tray preloaded with packages. The pusher mechanism may include a first spring configured to bias the pusher mechanism and a pusher paddle. The pusher paddle includes a guide panel defining a guide panel plane, a first folding panel defining a first folding panel plane, a second folding panel defining a second folding panel plane. The pusher mechanism may include a second spring configured to bias the first folding panel and the second folding panel such that the first folding panel plane and the second folding panel plane are parallel to the guide panel plane. The first folding panel and the second folding panel are configured to pivot on the pusher mechanism. The first folding panel and the second folding panel are configured to move in a rearward direction of the pusher mechanism. The first folding panel and the second folding panel pivot on a first living hinge and a second living hinge. The first folding panel and the second folding panel each include a pair of guide members configured to guide a first end and a second end of the second spring. The pusher mechanism can include a post for receiving the second spring, and a notch configured to receive a plate insert. The plate insert is configured to be secured to a shelf configured to receive the packages.

[186] The pusher mechanism can be part of a merchandise display system which includes a tray configured to receive packages and a perforated portion configured to provide an opening. The first folding panel and the second folding panel of the pusher mechanism permit the pusher mechanism to be placed into the opening in the tray. The first folding panel, the second folding panel and the guide panel form the pusher paddle and can be configured to provide for a surface for biasing the packages in the tray. The tray comprises a vertically extending wall and a horizontally extending wall, and the opening is located on the vertically extending wall. The horizontally extending wall can have a second opening configured to receive a bottom plate of the pusher mechanism.

[187] In a related embodiment, a method for displaying merchandise comprises: providing a tray configured to receive packages, the tray having a perforated portion configured to provide an opening, and providing a pusher mechanism. The pusher mechanism comprises a first spring configured to bias the pusher mechanism, a pusher paddle comprising a guide panel defining a guide panel plane, a first folding panel defining a first folding panel plane, a second folding panel defining a second folding panel plane, and a second spring configured to bias the first folding panel and the second folding panel such that the first folding panel plane and the second folding panel plane are parallel to the guide panel plane. The first folding panel and the second folding panel are configured to pivot on the pusher mechanism.

[188] The method further comprises configuring the first folding panel and the second folding panel of the pusher mechanism to pivot relative to the guide panel to permit the pusher mechanism to be placed into the opening in the tray and the first folding panel, and configuring the second folding panel and the guide panel forming the pusher paddle to provide for a surface for biasing the packages. The method further comprises configuring the first folding panel and the second folding panel to move in a rearward direction of the pusher mechanism, configuring the first folding panel and the second folding panel to pivot on a first living hinge and a second living hinge, and providing the first folding panel and the second folding panel with a pair of guide members configured to guide a first end and a second end of the second spring. The method further comprises providing a post for receiving the second spring. The tray further comprises a vertically extending wall and a horizontally extending wall, and the opening is located on the vertically extending wall.

[189] The embodiment shown in Figures 61-79 is similar to the embodiments disclosed herein where like reference numerals represent like components. However, in the embodiment shown in Figures 61-79, the pusher mechanism 814 is formed with folding panels 815a, 815b for placing the pusher mechanism 814 into a box 811 and tray assembly 812. In this embodiment, the tray assembly 812 operates as a guiding mechanism for the packages 870. In this embodiment, and as described in more detail below, the packages 870 can be preloaded and shipped in a box 811, which is configured to open at a bottom and end portion to permit the pusher mechanism 814 to be placed in contact with the packages 870 and the tray assembly 812 initially formed as part of the box 811 can be used to guide the packages 870 toward the front portion of the tray assembly and the shelf. In this way, the packages 870 are always pushed all the way to the front of the shelf, gives a neater appearance to the consumer, and is easier to use for the consumer.

[190] Figure 61 shows a perspective view of the pusher mechanism 814. Figure 62 shows a top view and Figure 63 shows a rear view. The pusher mechanism 814 comprises a first coil spring 830, a guide panel 854, two folding panels 815a, 815b, and a coil spring housing 858. Together the guide panel 854 and the two folding panels 815a, 815b form a pushing surface for pushing the packages 870 toward the front of a shelf. The first coil spring 830 is configured to coil up within the coil spring housing 858 of the pusher mechanism 814. As shown in Figures 65 and 66, when tensioned a majority of the first coil spring 830 is permitted to uncoil into a flat state perpendicular to the guide panel 854 along the pusher mechanism guide 847. The coil spring 830 tensions the pusher mechanism 814 in the direction of a fixed panel 844. Figures 61 and 62 depict the pusher mechanism 814 first coil spring 830 in a relaxed state. When packages 870 are loaded between the pusher mechanism 814 and the fixed panel 844, the packages 870 are pushed up against the fixed panel 844. When the user removes the front package from the shelf, the next package will be biased up against the fixed panel 844.

[191] In addition, the pusher mechanism 814 can be provided with a first coil spring 830 locking mechanism 845 for locking a first end of pusher mechanism guide 847 and pusher mechanism 814 into place on the pusher mechanism guide 847. The pusher mechanism guide 847 can be provided with a notch 847a for aligning the pusher mechanism 814 to an insert or front rail 849 (depicted in Figures 67 and 68) extending perpendicular to the pusher mechanism guide 847. The front rail 849 can be secured to a shelf using any known fastening method, such as fasteners, adhesives, etc.

[192] The folding panels 815a, 815b provide a collapsible pusher mechanism 814. As shown in Figures 70 and 72, this feature permits the pusher mechanism 814 to occupy a smaller space initially through the opening 823 of the box or tray assembly 812 during the assembly of the pusher mechanism 814 to the tray 812 and the placement of the tray 812 and packages 870 on shelves for consumers. As shown in Figure 63, the pusher mechanism 814 is provided with two vertical living hinges 807a, 807b that interconnect the guide panel 854 to the two folding panels 815a, 815b. The vertical living hinges 807a, 807b provide for the pivoting of the folding panels 815a, 815b on the pusher mechanism 814.

[193] As shown in the Figure 61, the pusher mechanism 854 also includes a second coil spring 813 which mounts on a second coil spring post 821. The second coil spring 813 biases the folding panels 815a, 815b such that each plane defined by the folding panels 815a, 815b is biased parallel with a plane defined by the guide panel 854.

[194] As shown in Figure 63 each folding panels 815a, 815b include a pair of elongated guides 819 that provide guides for each of the ends 813a, 813b of the second coil spring 813. In this way, when the folding panels 815a, 815b are retracted and extended each end 813a, 813b is properly located and remains in contact on a rear portion of each of the folding panels 815a, 815b. The guides assist the second coil spring 813 in biasing the folding panels 815a, 815b in a direction parallel with the guide panel 854.

[195] As shown in Figures 70, 72, and 73 the folding panels 815a, 815b permit the pusher mechanism 814 to be placed into a vertically extending opening 823 on a rear portion of the tray 812 containing the packages 870. Once the pusher mechanism 814 is placed into the opening 823, the box provides a tray 812 for dispensing the packages 870. Specifically, the pusher mechanism 814 is placed into contact with the packages 870 and biases the packages 870 toward the front of the tray 812 for the consumer to grab off of the shelf (not shown).

[196] Because of the folding panels 815a, 815b of the pusher mechanism 814, the opening 823 in the box 812 provided for the pusher mechanism can be formed smaller in size. Due to the smaller opening, the box structure 811 or tray assembly 812 is not compromised structurally as much because it still has a sufficient structure for loading and dispensing the packages 870 on the shelf. In particular as shown Figures 66 and 72, the pusher mechanism 814 can fold up along the living hinges 807a, 807b to occupy a smaller opening 823 formed by a perforated portion 825 in the box 812. Once the pusher mechanism 814 is placed into contact with the packages 870 inside the box 812, the second coil spring 813 then biases the folding panels parallel with the guide panel 854. This provides for a larger pushing surface area to bias the packages 870 toward the fixed panel 844 to obtain the proper amount of force on the packages 870 to force the packages toward the front of the tray 812.

[197] The box 811 can be provided with a top section (not shown). The packages 870 can then be placed into the box 811 and the top section can then be removed exposing the packages 870 in the tray assembly 812. The tray assembly 812 can be formed by a vertically extending wall 835 and a horizontally extending wall 837. The vertically extending wall 835 can be provided with guide portions 835a, 835b and the horizontally extending wall 837 can also be provided with guide portions 837a, 837b. The guide portions 835a, 835b, 837a, 837b assist in guiding the packages 870 in the tray assembly 812.

[198] The perforated portion 825 provides a portion of the tray 812 for the vertically extending opening 823 located on the vertically extending wall 835 and a slot opening 827 located on the horizontally extending wall 837 along the bottom portion of the tray 812. The vertically extending opening 823 provides a location for the pusher mechanism 814 to be placed into contact with the packages 870 such that the pusher mechanism 814 can bias the packages 870 toward the fixed panel 844, which can be located toward the front of a shelf displaying the packages 870. The slot opening 827 along the bottom portion of the tray 812 provides an elongated slot for the pusher mechanism 814 bottom plate 833 to travel along the pusher mechanism guide 847. As shown in Figures 76-79 the perforated portion 825 can be removed from the tray 812. Additionally, the perforated portion 825 and the vertically extending wall 835 can be provided with a predetermined opening 823b, which provides a grasping portion on the perforated portion 825 for the user to remove the perforated portion 825 from the box 812.

[199] During operation, the packages 807 are loaded into the box 811 having a top portion (not shown). The user then removes the top portion of the box 811 to form the tray 812. The perforated portion 825 can then be removed from the tray 812 along the vertically extending wall 835 and the horizontally extending wall 837 to form vertically extending opening 823 and slot opening 827.

[200] The user can then place the pusher mechanism 814 into contact with the packages 870. First the user aligns the tray 812 with the fixed panel 844. Then the user can fold the folding panels 815a, 815b of the pusher mechanism 814 inward along the living hinges 807a, 807b to position the pusher mechanism in the opening 823 in tray 812. Once the user releases the folding panels 815a, 815b, the folding panels 815a, 815b are biased parallel with the guide panel 854. Together the folding panels 815a, 815b and the guide panel 854 are biased against the packages 870 via the pusher mechanism 814 and the first coil spring 830. The packages 870 are then forced toward the fixed panel 814. The notch 847a of the pusher mechanism guide 847 can then be placed into contact with the front rail 849, which can be fixed on a shelf. Once the consumer pulls one of the packages 870 off of the shelf, the remaining packages 870 are biased toward the fixed panel 844 and the packages 870 remain upright and appear neat to the consumer.

[201] In another embodiment, described in relation to Figures 80a and 80b, a merchandise display system comprises a first pusher mechanism having a first pusher paddle, a first spring, and a first guide rail. The first pusher mechanism is configured to be biased by the first spring along a plane defined by the first guide rail. A second pusher mechanism includes a second pusher paddle, a second spring, and a second guide rail. The second pusher mechanism is configured to be biased by the second spring along a plane defined by the second guide rail. The first guide rail and the second guide rail are configured to mount on a horizontally orientated shelf. Each plane of the first guide rail and the second guide rail extends perpendicular to a plane defined by the shelf. The first pusher mechanism and the second pusher mechanism extend a predetermined distance from the shelf.

[202] As shown in Figures 80a and 80b, the merchandise display assembly 900 can include two pusher mechanisms 914 that push the products from both sides. As shown in Figures 80a and 80b, the merchandise display assembly 900 includes a front rail 944 and two side dividers 918. The two side dividers 918 provide a guide and support for the pusher mechanisms 914. The pusher mechanisms 914 can come preassembled to the two side dividers 918 via a coil spring (not shown). The coil springs can be fixed to a front end of the dividers 918 such that the coil spring biases the pusher mechanisms 914 toward the front of the tray 912. The side dividers 918 can be fixed to the shelf 970 using removable fasteners, rivets, adhesive, snap-fit, or any other known suitable connections.

[203] Although not shown the pusher mechanisms 914 can include a coil spring to bias the pusher mechanisms toward the front rail 944. The pusher mechanisms 914 can also include a paddle 950 which contacts the products 970. Additionally the pusher mechanisms 914 can be provided with a hinge (not shown) such that the paddles 950 can rotate on an axis parallel to a plane defined by the side dividers 918. The pusher mechanisms 914 can also be provided with rotating extensions (not shown). Both the hinges and the rotating extensions provide for paddles 950 that can be moved out of the way of the products 970 while configuring the pusher mechanisms on a shelf 908.

[204] During use the products 970 can be prearranged on tray 912, which can be placed onto a shelf 908. The side dividers 918 can then be adjusted on the shelf 908 according to the size of the tray 912. The paddle 950 can then be placed into contact with the last row of products 970. When the consumer selects a product off of the shelf 908 the pusher mechanisms 914 then biases the products 970 toward the front of the tray 970. [205] In another embodiment described in relation to Figures 81 A and 8 IB, a merchandise display system comprises a plurality of pusher mechanisms each including a guide, a spring, and a pusher paddle. The guides of the pusher mechanisms include a pair of guide openings. The merchandise display system also has a pair of adjustable side portions. The adjustable side portions include alignment tubes providing for an adjustable length between the adjustable side portions. The alignment tubes are received in the pair of guide openings of the guides of the pusher mechanisms.

[206] The embodiment shown in Figures 81 A and 8 IB embodiment is similar to the embodiment depicted above in Figures 80A, 80B. However in this embodiment the pusher guides or tracks 1018 are provided across and over the top of the products 1070. The pusher tracks 1018 provide a guide and support for the pusher mechanisms 1014. In this embodiment, the merchandise display assembly 1000 can include multiple pusher mechanisms 1014 having multiple paddles 1050 and multiple paddle extensions 1053 that push the products 1070 across and over the top of the merchandise display.

[207] As shown in Figures 81A and 81B, the merchandise display assembly 1000 can include two extendable side portions 1019. The two extendable side portions 1019 can be provided with a pair of male alignment tubes 1055a and a pair of female alignment tubes 1055b, which provide for a variable length between the side portions 1019. In particular, the male alignment tubes 1055a can be received by the female alignment tubes 1005b to provide for a sliding adjustment between the extendable side portions 1019. Each of the pusher tracks 1018 can be provided with guide openings 1057 for receiving the alignment tubes 1055 a, 1055b. The alignment tubes 1055 a, 1055b can be secured to the guide openings 1057 by any suitable fastening method to fix the position of the side portions 1019 with respect to each other. Additionally, the side portions 1019 can be secured to the shelf 1008 by any known suitable fastening method. The pusher mechanisms 1014 can come preassembled to the pusher tracks 1018 via a coil spring (not shown). The coil springs can be fixed to a front end of the pusher tracks 1018 such that the coil spring biases the pusher mechanisms 1014 toward the front of the tray 1012. In addition, the pusher mechanisms 1014 can be secured to the paddle extensions 1053 using any known fastening method.

[208] Although not shown the pusher mechanisms 1014 can include a coil spring to bias the pusher mechanisms 1014 toward the front of the tray 1012. The paddle extensions 1053 are configured to contact the products 1070 and to push the products 1070 toward the front of the tray 1012. Additionally the pusher mechanisms 1014 can be provided with hinges such that the paddles 1050 and the paddle extensions 1053 can rotate on an axis parallel to the male and female alignment tubes 1055 a, 1055b. The hinges provide for paddles 1050 and paddle extensions 1053 that can be moved out of the way of the products 1070 while configuring the pusher mechanisms on a shelf 1008.

[209] During use the products 1070 can be prearranged on the tray 1012, which can be placed onto a shelf 1008. The side portions 1019 can then be adjusted on the shelf 1008 according to the size of the tray 1012, and the side portions 1019 can be fixed with respect to one another according to the size of the tray 1012. The paddle 1050 can then be placed into contact with last row of products 1070. When the consumer selects a product off of the shelf 1008 the pusher mechanisms 1050 then biases the remaining products 1070 toward the front of the tray 1070.

[210] In another embodiment described in relation to Figures 82a -82d, a merchandise display system includes a pusher mechanism, a front rail, and a rear rail. The pusher mechanism can include a pusher paddle, a pusher guide, and a spring. The pusher guide is configured to slide on the rear rail and is configured to extend over the products, and the pusher paddle is configured to bias products toward the front rail.

[211] The embodiment shown in Figures 82A-82D is similar to the embodiment depicted in Figures 80a, 80b. However, in this embodiment the pusher guide 1118 extends over the top of the products 1170. In this embodiment, the merchandise display assembly 1100 can include a pusher mechanism 1114 that pushes the products from the top of the assembly 1100 or shelf 1108. As shown in Figures 82A and 82B, the merchandise display assembly 1100 includes a front rail 1144a and a back rail 1144b. The pusher guide 1118 provides a guide and support for the pusher mechanism 1114. The pusher mechanism 1114 can come preassembled to the pusher guide 1118 via a coil spring (not shown). The coil spring can be fixed to a front end of the pusher guide such that the coil spring biases the pusher mechanism 1114 toward the front rail 1144a. The pusher guide 1118 is configured to slide along the back rail 1144b to adjust to location of the products 1170 on the shelf 1108.

[212] Although not shown, the pusher mechanism 1114 can include a coil spring to bias the pusher mechanism 1114 toward the front rail 1144a. The pusher mechanism 1114 can also include a paddle 1150 which contacts the products 1170. Additionally the pusher mechanism 1114 can be provided with a hinge such that the paddle 1150 can rotate on an axis parallel to the back rail 1144b. The hinge provides for a paddle 1150 that can be moved out of the way of the products 1170 while configuring the pusher mechanisms on a shelf 1108. Figures 82C and 82D depict an alternate back rail 1144b that can be used in conjunction with the pusher mechanism 1118. In this arrangement the back rail 1144b can be provided with a flange configured to rest on the shelf 1108.

[213] During use the products can be prearranged on tray 1112, which can be placed onto a shelf 1108. The pusher mechanism 1118 can then be located on the shelf 1108 according to the size and orientation of the tray 1 112 on the shelf. The paddle 1150 can then be placed into contact with last row of products 1170. When the consumer selects a product off of the shelf 1108 the pusher mechanism 1114 then biases the remaining products 1170 toward the front of the tray 1112.

[214] Variations and modifications of the foregoing are within the scope of the present invention. For example, one of skill in the art will understand that multiples of the described components may be used in stores and in various configurations. The present invention is therefore not to be limited to a single system, nor the upright pusher configuration, depicted in the Figures, as the system is simply illustrative of the features, teachings and principles of the invention. It should further be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text and/or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present invention. The embodiments described herein explain the best modes known for practicing the invention and will enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention.