Field of the invention:

The present invention relates to a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Demolition System and a novel method to generate Gamma-ray waves by the application of Quantum Dot Cellular Automata based nanotechnology for cancer cell treatment. The present invention reveals a novel system and method thereof to radiate Gamma-ray waves to demolish cancer affected cells wherein the said QCA based portable Cancer Demolition System required very negligible amount of voltage and consumes very less amount of energy and power compared to conventional methods and systems to generate Gamma-ray waves with same intensity and frequency.

Background of the invention:

Discovery of Gamma Rays in the year 1900 by a French chemist and physicist, Paul Villard revolutionized many industrial applications including destruction of cancer cell. The prior art is replete with cancer cell treatment systems using gamma rays. The existing convention for production of Gamma Ray cannot turn off the production of the ray when the system is not in use [1, 2, 3, and 4]. The radioactive material produces gamma rays day in and day out. The only way there to prevent the gamma beam is to place a heavy metal plate at the opening of the device. Worker has to be very careful even when the device is not in use to avoid exposure. Very this supremely energized Gamma ray is pointed towards the cancer affected cells under consideration. In conventional technology a very fine stream of highly energized gamma ray radiates from radioactive material. Gamma ray is able to penetrate human body as X-ray does and due to repeated bombardment cancer cells get eliminated. The use of radioactive materials has disadvantage of being exposed to radiation even when the system is not on act and if it is not carefully handled.

In present invention, Quantum Dot Cellular Automata paradigm [5, 6, 7, 8 and 9] can be employed to design a system that may generate electromagnetic wave with exactly same energy and frequency require to demolish cancer affected cells with regulated supply voltage. The present invention relates to Molecular Quantum Dot Cellular Automata methodology to electronically radiate EM wave, more particularly, gamma rays with the application of 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage V _rms and at an operating temperature of 1200°K, having exactly same energy and frequency with conventional gamma ray for realization of cancer cell demolition system. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based nanotechnology offers an electronically methodology which may generate an electromagnetic radiation having exactly the same energy and frequency as the conventional high energy Gamma ray. QCA cell electrons while falls from higher quantum energy state to ground state, dissipation occurs. Electrons are raised to a certain quantum energy state by application of controlled/ regulated clock signal energy to achieve desired dissipated energy and frequency.

Objective of the invention:

The prime objective of the present invention is to propose a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System and a novel method to emit gamma rays using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata based nanotechnology for treatment of cancer affected cells which is capable to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional methods for treatment of cancer affected cells by the application of gamma rays.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to propose a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System, which is capable of controlling the hazardous gamma ray radiation by switching ON/OFF the proposed system.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to propose a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System, which operates on very low supply voltage of 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage which is comparatively negligible, consumes power in the range of Watt only and running at an operating temperature of 1200°K.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to propose a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System, which works on a novel method to electronically generate an electromagnetic radiation having exactly the same energy and frequency as the conventional high energy Gamma ray required for cancer cell treatment action.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to propose a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System, which has a novel feature to maintain safety from radiation to the patient and working operators by switching off said system/ device when it is not in use.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based portable Cancer Cell Demolition System, which is more economical and easy to handle than the existing conventional methods for the same.

Summary of Invention:

The main embodiment of the present invention is a Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Cancer Cell Demolition System (1) comprising of a gamma-ray generating section (2) containing a power supply section (7) and a Gamma ray plate (3) containing an array of molecular QCA cells (9), wherein power supply section (7) is consisting of a ground plane (4) placed above the array of molecular QCA cells (9) level and plurality of electrodes (5) buried under an oxide layer (6); wherein said system (1) implement a novel method to move said QCA cell electrons (9) from higher quantum energy state to ground state leads to radiation of energy which can be used as gamma radiation (8) to target over cancer affected cells when minimum supply rms voltage is 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to propose a novel method to generate an electromagnetic radiation having exactly the same energy and frequency as the conventional high energy Gamma ray to demolish cancer cells by the application of Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) based nanotechnology, wherein said QCA cell electrons (9) are raised to a certain quantum energy state by application of controlled/regulated clock signal energy to achieve desired dissipated energy and frequency when said QCA cell electrons (9) falls from higher quantum energy state to ground state, radiation energy emits which can be used as Gamma radiation for treatment of cancer cells with application of minimum voltage of 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Cancer Cell Demolition System (1), wherein said system (1) works at 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage Vrms supply, consumes power in the range of Watt only and running at an operating temperature of 1200°K and is able to electrically switched off the radiation while the existing Gamma ray generator works without electricity and radiates all the time even when the device is not in use. Brief description of the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of proposed Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Cancer Cell Demolition System (1) consisting a Gamma-ray generating section (2) comprising of a Gamma-ray plate (3), power supply section (7) consisting of ground plane (4), electrodes (5), oxide layer (6) and radiation direction/radiation head (8).

Figure 2 depicts cross section view of said Gamma-ray generating section (2) comprising of said ground plane (4), an array of Quantum dot Cellular Automata cells (9), said electrodes (4) and said oxide layer (6).

Figure 3(a) depicts a cross- sectional view of said Gamma-ray plate (3) containing an array of said QCA cells (9) whereas Figure 3(b) views the dimensions of said QCA cells (9) that will replace the square cells in said Gamma-ray plate (12) wherein size and height of the said QCA cell is denoted by d and h respectively.

Figure 4 views the four phases of the sinusoidal signals 0; _{, 2,} 0 ₃ and 0 ₄ applied to each of said electrodes (5) such that data may flow as shown and also shows submerged said electrodes(5) to generate an electric field E at the level of said molecular QCA cells (9).

Figure 5(a) shows perspective view of arrangement of two said electrodes (5) buried in said oxide layer (6) and said ground plane (4); whereas Figure 5 (b) is a cross sectional view of the Figure 5(a) shows arrangement of two said electrodes (5) buried in said oxide layer (6), ground plane (4) and said QCA cell(9).

Figure 6 shows a plot of said QCA Cell Size (nm) V _s V _rms for three different spacing of said electrodes (5).

Figure 7 views a plot which depicts a tradeoff between maximum operating temperatures in K, cell size in nm and RMS voltage in volt.

Detailed description of the invention:

The following is a detailed description of exemplary embodiments to illustrate the principles of the invention. The embodiments are provided to illustrate aspects of the invention, but the invention is not limited to any embodiment. The scope of the invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalent; it is limited only by the claims. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured.

The present invention relates to Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Cancer Cell Demolition System (1) comprising of a gamma-ray generating section (2) containing a power supply section (7) and a Gamma ray plate (3) containing an array of molecular QCA cells (9), wherein power supply section (7) is consisting of a ground plane (4) placed above the array of molecular QCA cells (9) level and plurality of electrodes (5) buried under an oxide layer (6); wherein a novel Molecular Quantum Dot Cellular Automata methodology to electronically radiate EM wave with the application of minimum voltage of 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage and at an operating temperature of 1200° K, having exactly same energy and frequency with conventional gamma ray for realization of cancer cell demolition system is applied herein.

The detailed design of the proposed invention can be broadly divided into several functional units given as follows :-

QCA Cell and Molecular cell clocking arrangement:

The said QCA cells (9) and electromagnetic clock signal are the most vital ingredients in the present invention of gamma-rays radiated from said QCA cells (9) which consume very less amount of electric energy and power.

Each QCA cell (9) is composed of two V shaped molecules and has six redox sites which are considered as quantum dots. Figure 3(a) depicts molecular QCA cells (2) arrangement. Here, cell size (d) to be 1 nm and height (h) to be 1 nm is employed as shown in Figure 3(b). Clock signal is applied through submerged said electrodes (5) buried in said oxide layer (6).

Electrodes

Said electrodes (5) carry electromagnetic clock signals and are placed at the bottom of said oxide layer (6). The phase shifted sinusoidal signal is applied to each of said electrodes (5) to energize the electrons. Figure 4 depicts the four phases of the applied sinusoidal signal i.e., 0i, 0 ₂ , 03 and 0 ₄ and 0i < 0 ₂ < 0 ₃ < 0 ₄ such that the data may flow in the direction as shown in Figure 4. This electric field M in the Y and -Y directions switch said molecular

QCA cell (9) from ACTIVE state to NULL state and vice- versa. Said electrodes (5) have finite radius and potential voltage is applied with respect to said ground plane (4) as shown in Figure 5(a).

Average electrode potential [11] is determined as, where V _el and V _e2 are the potentials on two adjacent said electrodes (5).

The electrode potential difference between two adjacent said electrodes (5) can be given as,

V _e = V _e2 - V _el (2)

The RMS voltage V _rms can be defined as ^t^ . - If ⁵ where Vi is maximum allowable V _avg and V ₂ is minimum allowable V _avg [11]. The interdependency between cell size and RMS voltage is studied and analyzed in Figure 6. A spacing of 20 nm [11] is applied while selecting V _rms and cell size. While selecting the above two parameters, analysis of the temperature issues is also required. Now maximum applicable phase difference 0 _max between two adjacent said electrodes (4) having maximum potential difference V _em ax can be expressed as, max = ±2sin ^_1 ( ^ ^ ) radians (3)

Here, Vo is peak potential value of clock signal applied to adjacent said electrodes (5) and minimum RMS voltage should be applied [11, 12]. The spacing(s) between said electrodes (5) is kept at 20 nm. Said ground plane (4) is placed = 25 nm above said electrodes (5) and said QCA cells (9) are placed = 23 nm above said electrodes as depicted in Figure 5(b). The length and radius of said electrode are chosen to be 100 nm and 5 nm respectively.

Dielectrics

Dielectric like said oxide layer (6), more particularly, Si0 ₂ whose dielectric constant is 4.2 is used between said electrodes (5) and said QCA cells (9). Said electrodes (5) shall be buried inside said oxide layer (6) [10].

Temperature Management If said QCA cell (9) size is allowed to 1 nm, reduced RMS voltage and maximum operating temperature can be regulated as analyzed in Figure 7. At 1200°K, an array of said cells (9) having dimension of 1 nm can be employed with an RMS value of 2.12 rms voltage approximately [11].

Proposed methodology for the generation of Gamma-radiations by the application of QCA technology for realization of said Cancer Cell Demolition System (1)

Tunneling electrons exhibit dual wave particle behavior. During the act of tunneling, electrons attain the nature of sinusoidal wave [14] as supported in Born's Probabilistic Interpretation [15]. It demonstrates particle has a greater probability of being found near x= 0, i.e., at dots and reduces chance of being found away from x=0". At dots electrons behave as particles. The electron wave ( (x)) tunneling through the positive X direction and finite potential energy V(x) can be represented using time independent Schrodinger wave equation as given in Equation 4 below, |.Y * ^{Λ '} Λ*·: ^" " (4) where, E is discrete energy of an electron, m is mass of an electron and is reduced plank constant. This equation reduces to

Where E _n is infinite sequence of discrete energy levels corresponding to all possible non- negative integral values of n, the electron quantum number and d is said molecular QCA cell (9) dimension. Electrons acquire energy from the applied clock and jump up to higher energy state. But while losing energy they move down to lower energy state. Movement of electrons from higher to lower energy levels leads to radiation of energy. This radiation is of our interest and it is tuned to generate gamma ray realization of proposed QCA based cancer cell demolition system (1). The transitions between these energy states are possible if sum or difference of quantum numbers is an odd number [16, 17, 18, 14]. Transitions are strictly forbidden if both the quantum numbers are even [16, 17, 18, and 14]. Any transition of an electron from higher energy state (n ^th state) to ground state can be expressed with the help of Equation 6 as, (6)

The proposed QCA based Cancer cell demolition system (1) requires Gamma ray (8) energy in the range of 1.24 MeV. Considering this energy radiation i.e., 1.24 MeV and equating it to E _n in Equation 6, the relation between electron quantum number n and molecular cell dimension d can be expressed as,

Il¾ )( i l ^¾ i ^|: ····. { ?r -~ I )

(7)

For a single molecular cell, Equation 6 can be reformed as where, ₂ is radiation frequency. Equation 7 produces a result of i x Hz with n = 1816 and d = 1 nm, which falls within the frequency range of existing Gamma ray for cancer cell treatment. Expression in Equation 5 should be greater than or equal to— , where C is barrier capacitance and V is applied voltage [14]. A voltage of 2.12 VRMS is applied to a barrier capacitance of 0.044 pF and this voltage is enough to cross the barrier. The above calculations are for single molecular cell. The radiation energy strength for N number of molecular cells arranged in cascade is compute as L2 KI¾ ^f eV.

Proposed Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Portable Cancer Cell Demolition System (1)

The said Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Portable Cancer Cell Demolition System (1) propose a portable Cancer Cell Demolition System to radiate Gamma radiation for the treatment of cancer affected cells, wherein the novel methodology involves in its operation is based on molecular Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nano technology.

The primary unit of said system (1) is said Gamma-ray plate (3) containing an array of said molecular QCA cells (9) arranged in sequence as shown in Figure 3 a. Each said QCA cell (9) in the plate may be replaced by the molecular counterpart as shown in Figure 3b. Figure 1 depicts said electrodes (5) at the bottom of said gamma ray generator section (2). These said electrodes (5) are buried under said oxide layer (6), more particularly, Si02 layer. Said molecular QCA cells (9) are arranged over said oxide layer (6) as they are arranged over Gamma-ray plate (3). One ground plane (4) is placed above said QCA cell level (9). All the molecular QCA cells (9) are having a size of 1 nm. Said system (1) may work at temperature of 1200°K and execute at an applied voltage of 2 to 2.81 rms voltage, more particularly 2.12 rms voltage. This value of RMS voltage might be supplied to said electrodes (5) buried under the dielectric like said oxide layer (6) through step down transformer. The Gamma-ray generator section (2) in Figure 1 is housed within the Gamma-ray radiation container to complete the structural construction of said QCA based Cancer Demolition System (1) as in Figure 1. Said Gamma-ray generator section (2) contains a power supply section (7) on the upper side and said Gamma ray plate (3). The power supply section (7) is consisting of said electrodes (5), said oxide layer (6) and said ground plane (4). Said Gamma-ray generator (2) runs at a temperature of 1200°K. So there is need to control the inside temperature. The proposed QCA based Cancer Demolition System (1) runs on electricity, runs in 1200 ^° K temperature; execute with the supply voltage 2.12 rms voltages and no radiation while it is switched off.

Table 1: Comparative study on existing and proposed Quantum dot Cellular Automata based Portable Cancer Cell Demolition System (1):

Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will at once be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention includes advantages and features over and beyond the specific illustrated construction. Accordingly it is intended that the scope of the invention be limited solely by the scope of the hereinafter appended claims, and not by the foregoing specification, when interpreted in light of the relevant prior art.

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