TECHNICAL FIELD

[00011 Aspects disclosed herein generally relate to a loudspeaker system and more particularly to at least one loudspeaker positioned in a headrest of a vehicle that transmits audio data on a side-firing basis in conjunction with an acoustic lens. These aspects and others will be discussed in more detail herein.

BACKGROUND

[0002] U.S. Publication No. 2008/0247575 to Hutt et al. discloses a directional loudspeaker that provides an enhanced listening environment by producing an indirect sound field of greater amplitude than that of the direct sound field. The directional loudspeaker includes loudspeaker elements positioned to provide a listener located below the loudspeaker elements with an impression of sound spaciousness in a vehicle environment. The loudspeaker elements may include baffles or acoustic lenses to deflect the indirect field away from the path to the listener position. The loudspeaker may also be operated with windows open by channeling the indirect sound field through an acoustic waveguide and deflector to the listener. A sound processor is also provided to accept a sound input, create an indirect and direct sound field, output the sound fields to loudspeaker elements, and also may provide electronic enhancement effects such as multi-channel sound or sound parameter adjustment

SUMMARY

[0003] In at least one embodiment, a loudspeaker assembly including a first loudspeaker and a first acoustic lens is provided. The first loudspeaker is positioned on a first side of a headiest of a first vehicle seat for transmitting a first audio output toward one of a side pillar and a door of a vehicle. The first acoustic lens is coupled to the first loudspeaker and defining a first opening to enable the first audio output to pass from the first opening at a first predetermined angle. [0004] In at least another embodiment, a loudspeaker assembly including a first loudspeaker and a first acoustic lens is provided. The first loudspeaker is positioned on a first side of a headrest of a first vehicle seat for transmitting a first audio output toward a second vehicle seat positioned in a same row of the first vehicle seat. The first acoustic lens is coupled to the first loudspeaker and defining a first opening to enable the first loudspeaker to transmit the first audio output from the first opening at a first predetermined angle.

[0005] In at least another embodiment, a loudspeaker assembly including a first loudspeaker and a second loudspeaker is provided. The first loudspeaker is positioned on a first side of a headrest of a first vehicle scat for transmitting a first audio output toward one of a side pillar and a door of a vehicle. The second loudspeaker is positioned on a second side of the headrest for transmitting a second audio output toward a second vehicle seat positioned in a same row of the first vehicle seat. The second side of the headrest is positioned opposite to the first side of the headiest.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] The embodiments of the present disclosure are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. However, other features of the various embodiments will become more apparent and will be best understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompany drawings in which:

[0007] FIGURE 1 generally depicts a vehicle audio system in accordance to one embodiment;

[0008] FIGURE 2 generally depicts a detailed view of a headrest and a side-firing loudspeaker in accordance to one embodiment;

[0009] FIGURE 3 depicts a more detailed view of the cap in accordance to one embodiment;

[0010] FIGURES 4 A - 4C generally depict corresponding side and overhead views of an acoustic lens and/or cap with varying degrees of openings in accordance to embodiment; [0011 ] FIGURE 5 generally depicts a side view of the acoustic lens and the cap coupled with one another in accordance to one embodiment;

[0012] FIGURE 6 generally depicts an exploded view of the acoustic lens and the cap in accordance to one embodiment;

[0013] FIGURE 7 generally depicts another side view of the acoustic lens and the cap coupled with another in accordance to one embodiment;

[0014] FIGURE 8 generally depicts another side view of the acoustic lens and the cap coupled together via posts in accordance to one embodiment; and

[0015] FIGURE 9 generally depicts a side view of the loudspeaker assembly in accordance to one embodiment; and

[0016] FIGURE 10 generally depicts a view of a headrest including a corresponding loudspeaker assembly positioned on side portions thereof in accordance to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments arc merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures arc not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.

[0018] It is recognized that directional terms as noted herein (e.g., “upper”, “lower”, “inner”,

“outer”, “top”, “bottom”, etc.) simply refer to the orientation of various components as illustrated in the accompanying figures and the manner in which at least one loudspeaker and at least one vehicle headrest may be orientated relative to the vehicle. Such terms are provided for context and understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0019] Aspects disclosed herein generally provide, but not limited to, a side-oriented loudspeaker configuration for automotive headrests. In typical automotive contexts, loudspeakers positioned within headrest can be used to provide surround or ambience audio content for vehicle occupants. Additionally, such headrest-based loudspeakers may be used to convey messaging, prompts, or driver-assistancc-rclatcd audio signals to the driver or other passengers. In general, the loudspeakers that are positioned in the headrest may be are arranged such that the loudspeakers may be pointed toward the front of the vehicle (i.c., toward the listeners' cars (or toward the back of the listener’s head or front windshield of the vehicle)). The aspects disclosed herein may provide a configuration in which the loudspeakers are positioned on side portions of the headrest toward a side portion of the vehicle (e.g., toward vehicle doors).

[0020] With the side-orientated loudspeaker in the headrest, and in conjunction with an acoustic lens, such an implementation may yield similar experiential qualities while solving safety and packaging related challenges. The type of acoustic lens implemented in connection with the loudspeaker may change a directivity of the loudspeaker to match or achieve the desired audio experience. For example, an omnidirectional acoustic lens may be utilized to provide an even frequency response for occupants in the vehicle. For a more targeted experience in the front row seats only, a ISO or 270 degrees (or other suitable angle) focused acoustic lens may be used to redirect the acoustic output to the front of the vehicle rather than to a rear of the vehicle.

[0021] The side-orientated loudspeaker may solve various automotive packaging challenges.

Specifically, the headrests are a zone for crash and safety considerations. Therefore, positioning loudspeakers and speaker grills on a front face of the headrests may have to be avoided. By mounting the loudspeakers on a side of the headrest, it is generally possible to avoid the overall concern of packaging loudspeakers on the headrest with less constraint on the acoustic and industrial design of the loudspeaker.

[0022] Additionally, current headrest speaker technologies generally only provide audio content for the occupant seated directly in front of the loudspeakers. Such an aspect may limit the user experiential quality of the system, as well as drive up cost and complexity of the system in order to compensate for this effect. One advantage offered by the side-firing loudspeaker system is that the front-mounted-hcadrest-spcaker safety challenges may be inherently solved. In addition, loudspeaker system configurations may be lighter and less complex while still achieving comparable audio performance. Vehicle designers may have greater flexibility in their visual designs, as they may not constrained by typical safety concerns. Finally, the acoustic lenses as positioned in the headrests may be stylized to a greater extent as the acoustic lenses may have better sightlines than those positioned in the front face of the headrest.

[0023] FIGURE 1 generally depicts a vehicle audio system 100 in a listening environment 102 of a vehicle 104 in accordance to one embodiment. The listening environment 102 includes a plurality of vehicle seats 106 (e.g., a first seat 106a and a second seat 106b) positioned in a first row 108 of the vehicle 104. It is recognized that the number of seats 106 and rows 108 in the vehicle 104 may vary based on the particular implementation of the vehicle 104. The first scat 106a is substantially adjacent to the second scat 106b. The first scat 106a may be a driver scat and the second seat 106b may be a front passenger seat. The first seat 106a may include a first headrest 110a and the second seat 106b may include a second headrest 110b. As illustrated, the first seat 106a and the second scat 106b may be substantially aligned in the first row 108. Additional rows (not shown) may include additional seats (not shown) and the additional rows may be positioned behind the row 108 (e.g., first row 108) in the vehicle 104.

[0024] The vehicle 104 includes a plurality of loudspeakers 112 (e.g., a first loudspeaker

112a, a second loudspeaker 112b, a third loudspeaker 112c, and a fourth loudspeaker I I 2d) positioned within the listening environment 102. The first loudspeaker 20a may be proximal to the first scat 106a and distal to the second scat 106b. The second loudspeaker 112b may be proximal to the second seat 106b and distal to the first seat 106a. The first loudspeaker 112a may be located in a left-hand door 114a and/or on a vehicle structural member such as, for example, a body pillar (i.c., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116a located adjacent to a driver side of the vehicle 104. Likewise, the second loudspeaker 112b may be located in a right-hand door 114b and/or on the vehicle structural member such as, for example, a body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116b located adjacent to a front passenger side of the vehicle 104. The third loudspeaker 112c and the fourth loudspeaker 112b may be positioned on an instrument panel 122 of the vehicle 104. [0025] The first headrest 110a generally includes a first loudspeaker assembly 130a and the second headrest 110b generally includes a second loudspeaker assembly 130b. The first loudspeaker assembly 130a generally includes a first plurality of headrest loudspeakers 132a- 132b and a first plurality of acoustic lens 134a - 134b. As shown, the acoustic lens 134a is coupled to the headrest loudspeaker 132a and the acoustic lens 134b is coupled to the headrest loudspeaker 132b. In a similar manner, the second loudspeaker assembly 130b generally includes a second plurality of headrest loudspeakers 136a- 136b and a second plurality of acoustic lens 138a - 138b. As shown, the acoustic lens 138a is coupled to the headrest loudspeaker 136a and the acoustic lens 138b is coupled to the headrest loudspeaker 136b. It is recognized that the number of headrest loudspeakers positioned within each of the headrests 110a, 110b may vary based on the desired criteria of a particular implementation.

[0026] An audio controller 150 is operably coupled to the loudspeakers 112 and to the headrest loudspeakers 132. The audio controller 150 transmits an audio signal to the loudspeakers 112 and the headrest loudspeakers 132, 136. The loudspeakers 112, 132, and 136 playback audio data in the listening environment 12 in response to the audio signal, The audio controller 150 generally processes information used in connection with an AM radio, FM radio, satellite radio, navigation system, user interface, display, wireless communication with mobile devices via Bluetooth, WiFi or other wireless protocols, etc.

[0027] An audio amplifier (not shown) is operably coupled to the audio control ier 150. Tne audio amplifier may be integrated with the audio controller 150. In another embodiment, the audio amplifier may be positioned exterior to the audio controller 150. The audio amplifier is generally configured to receive an audio output from the audio controller 150 and to amplify the amplitude for the audio output to a level that is adequate to drive the various loudspeakers 112 and the headrest loudspeakers 132, 136. It is recognized that the audio controller 150 may generally include any number of hardware-based processors and memory. The audio controller 150 may execute any number of software algorithms that are stored on the memory with the various hardware-based processors to provide surround sound, audio tuning, such as for gain, EQ, or any number of various audio adjustments to enhance the listening experience within the listening environment 102. The audio controller 150 may include any number of channels with each corresponding channel being coupled to a respective loudspeaker 112 and to a respective headrest loudspeaker 132, 136 via the audio amplifier 27 for transmitting the audio signal to the loudspeakers 112, 132, and 136. The headrest loudspeakers 132, 136 may be used to convey messages, prompts, or driver-assistance- rclatcd audio signals to the driver or other passengers in response to audio provided by the audio controller 150.

[0028] In general, each of the headrest loudspeakers 132, 136 may generally be defined as side-firing loudspeakers since loudspeakers 132, 136 are orientated to transmit audio within the listening environment 102 from a side portion of the headrest 110a, 110b. Each headrest 110a, 110b includes a front side 166 that is orientated in a front direction 168 that faces the front of the vehicle 104 (or the instrument panel 122). As shown, the headrest loudspeaker 132a as positioned in the headrest 110a is generally configured to transmit audio data in a first side direction 170 toward the left-hand door 114a and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116a located adjacent to the driver side of the vehicle 104. In this case, the headrest loudspeaker 132a transmits audio data in the first side direction 170 that may be orthogonal to the front direction 168 (e.g., the direction of the front side 166 of the headrest 110a). In addition, the headrest loudspeaker 132b as positioned in the headrest 110a is generally configured to transmit audio data in a second side direction 172 toward the headrest 110b of the seat 106b and toward the right-hand door 114b and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116b located adjacent to the front passenger side of the vehicle 104. In this case, the headrest loudspeaker 132b transmits the audio data in the second side direction 172 that may be orthogonal to the front direction 168 (e.g., the direction of the front side 166 of the headrest 110a).

[0029] In addition, the headrest loudspeaker 136a as positioned in the headrest 110b is generally configured to transmit audio data in a third side direction 174 toward the headrest 110a and toward the left-hand door 114a and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116a located adjacent to the driver side of the vehicle 104. In this case, the headrest loudspeaker 136a transmits audio data in the third side direction 174 that may be orthogonal to the front direction 168 (e.g., the direction of the front side 166 of the headrest 110b). Additionally, the headrest loudspeaker 136b as positioned in the headrest i 10b is generally configured to transmit the audio data in a fourth side direction 176 toward the right-hand door 114b and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116b located adjacent to the front passenger side of the vehicle 104. In this case, the headrest loudspeaker 136b transmits the audio data in the fourth side direction 176 that is orthogonal to the front direction 168 (e.g., the direction of the front side 166 of the headrest 110b).

[0030] For each of the headrest loudspeakers 132a, 132b, 136a, 136b, the corresponding acoustic lens 134a, 134b, 138a, 138b, respectively, is mechanically coupled thereto to enable the audio data to pass therethrough in accordance to the directions 170, 172, 174, 176. Depending on the configuration of the acoustic lens 134a, 134b, 138a, 138b; the headrest loudspeakers 132a, 132b, 136a, 136b may provide for an omnidirectional field of the transmission of the audio data (e.g., 360 degrees transmission of the audio data in the directions 170, 172, 174, 176). Alternatively, depending on the configuration of the acoustic lens 134a, 134b, 138a, 138b, the headrest loudspeakers 132a, 132b, 136a, 136b may also provide for varying degrees of transmission of the audio data (e.g., 90, 180, 270 etc.) in the directions 170, 172, 174, 176. In general, the direction 170 may correspond to audio being transmitted toward a driver’s door of the vehicle. The direction 172 may coincide to the audio being transmitted toward the front passenger scat 106b and generally toward the front passenger door. The direction 174 may coincide to the audio being transmitted toward the driver seat 106a and generally toward the driver door. The direction 176 may coincide to the audio being transmitted toward the front passenger seat 106b. It is recognized that the directions of any one or more of the directions 170, 172, 174, 176 of the transmitted audio may or may not have an orientation of 180 degrees from their respective headrests 110a, 110b.

[0031 ] The side arrangement of the headrest loudspeakers 132a, 132b in the headrest i 10a and the headrest loudspeakers 136a, 136b in the headrest 110b may provide for a richer audio experience for vehicle passengers. For example, this aspect may create a more dramatic surround sound characteristic particularly in light of the audio being transmitted from other directions of the vehicle 104 from the loudspeakers 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d.

[0032] FIGURE 2 generally depicts a detailed view of the headrest 110a, 110b (“110”) and a loudspeaker assembly 130a, 130b (“130") in accordance to one embodiment. While not shown in FIGURE 1, the loudspeaker assembly 130 generally includes a cap 200 that is positioned over the acoustic lens 134 and/or 138 and the headrest loudspeakers 132 and 136. The cap 200 may be visible to the driver and to vehicle occupants. The cap 200 may be translucent and enables light to pass therethrough. The cap 200 may be formed of an acoustically opaque material that prevents sound from passing therethrough. The cap 200 may be modified to meet any industrial strategy that is desired by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The cap 200 may be formed of rubber, plastic, wood, aluminum, etc. to prevent sound from passing through the cap 200. FIGURE 3 depicts a more detailed view of the cap 200. The cap 200 may include a logo 202 imprinted thereon. The cap 200 may also serve as a protective cap to prevent the intrusion of objects into the headrest loudspeakers 132 and 136 and the acoustic lens 134 and 138.

[0033] FIGURE 4A depicts various views of the loudspeaker assembly 130 in accordance to one embodiment. At 250, a side view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is provided. In this case, the loudspeaker assembly 130 illustrates that the acoustic lens 134 defines an opening 270 for enabling audio to pass in all directions (e.g., omnidirectional (or at 360 degrees)) directly below the cap 200. At 252, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated without the cap 200. The shaded portion within the acoustic lens 134 corresponds to the volume of air that is disposed within the lens 134 for enabling audio to pass omnidirectional from the acoustic lens 134. At 254, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated with the cap 200. Again, as shown, the acoustic lens 134 enables the audio to pass in a 360 degrees orientation entirely around an outer perimeter of the cap 200.

[0034] FIGURE 4B depicts various views of the loudspeaker assembly 130 in accordance to one embodiment. At 260, a side view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is provided. In this case, the loudspeaker assembly 130 illustrates that the acoustic lens 134 defines the opening 270 as part of a waveguide (not shown) for enabling audio to pass at an angle of up to 180 degrees around the cap 200. The waveguide of the acoustic lens 134 may generally be formed of an integrated material (or blocking portion) positioned on one side of the acoustic lens 134 to prevent audio from passing through one side of the acoustic lens 134 thereby enabling the audio to pass at the angle of up to 180 degrees. Such a blocking of the audio is generally shown at section 302 within the acoustic lens 134. This aspect will be discussed in more detail below. At 262, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated without the cap 200. As shown, the loudspeaker 132 transmits audio on a left side of a center axis 300 and the blocking portion of the waveguide prevents audio from passing through the section 302. At 264, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated with the cap 200. Again, as shown, the acoustic lens 134 enables the audio to pass in a 180 degrees orientation around an outer perimeter of the cap 200. [0035] FIGURE 4C depicts various views of the loudspeaker assembly 130 in accordance to one embodiment. At 290, a side view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is provided. In this case, the loudspeaker assembly 130 illustrates that the acoustic lens 134 defines an opening as part of the waveguide (not shown) for enabling audio to pass at an angle of up to 270 degrees around the cap 200. As noted above, the waveguide of the acoustic lens 134 may generally be formed of an integrated material (or blocking portion) positioned on one side of the acoustic lens 134 to prevent audio from passing through the acoustic lens 134. Such a blocking of the audio is also generally shown at the section 302 within the acoustic lens 134. Again, this aspect will be discussed in more detail below. At 292, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated without the cap 200. As shown, the loudspeaker 132 transmits audio on the left side of the center axis 300 and on a portion of the right side of the center axis 300 and the blocking portion of the waveguide prevents audio passing through the section 302. At 294, a top view of the loudspeaker assembly 130 is generally illustrated with the cap 200. Again, as shown, die acoustic lens 134 enables the audio to pass in a 270 degrees orientation around an outer perimeter of the cap 200.

[0036] FIGURE 5 generally depicts a side view of the acoustic lens 134 and the cap 200 coupled with one another and FIGURE 6 generally depicts an exploded view of the acoustic lens 134 and the cap 200 in accordance to one embodiment. The acoustic lens 134 generally includes an upper platform 350 and outer ring 352 that are axially spaced apart from one another. The cap 200 may be attached to the upper platform 350 of the acoustic lens 134. In one embodiment, an adhesive may be used to attach the cap 200 to the upper platform 350 of the acoustic lens 134. The outer ring 352 is generally positioned on an outer surface (c.g., leather or other suitable material) of the headrest 110. The acoustic lens 134 generally includes a blocking portion 354 that is sandwiched between the upper platform 350 and the outer ring 352. The blocking portion 354 is configured to control the angle or travel of the audio from the headrest loudspeaker 132 (or 134). In general, the blocking portion 354 may be integrally formed with the acoustic lens 134 to control the angle or travel of the audio from the headrest loudspeaker 132 (or 134) into the opening 270. In the example illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 6, the blocking portion 354 generally extends from 0 to 180 degrees to block audio therefrom. The blocking portion 354 is integrally formed with the upper platform 350 and the outer ring 352 to prevent leakage of audio from the acoustic lens 134. The upper platform 350 includes waveguide 356 that extends from an underside of the upper platform 350 towards the headrest loudspeaker 132. The waveguide 356 may be dome shaped and may also constructed of an acoustically opaque materials to redirect audio (or acoustic energy) from the headrest loudspeaker 132 around an outer perimeter and out of the opening 270 of the acoustic lens 134. In this ease, the waveguide 356 redirects acoustic energy 180 degrees around the outer perimeter of the acoustic lens 134. The waveguide 356 may be integrally formed with the acoustic lens 134. In general, the waveguide 356 may be arranged to redirect the acoustic energy off axis in relation to a center axis that impinges the headrest loudspeaker 132.

[0037] FIGURE 7 generally depicts another side view of the acoustic lens 134 and the cap 200 coupled with another in accordance to one embodiment. In general, the implementation as illustrated in FIGURE 7 is similar to that depicted in FIGURES 5 and 6. However, with the implementation shown in FIGURE 7, the acoustic lens 134 does not include the blocking portion 354. Rather, the acoustic lens 134 is arranged to enable audio to pass from the opening 270 formed by the acoustic lens 134 in a direction or angle that spans generally 360 degrees. The acoustic lens 134 includes posts 372a, 372b to couple the upper platform 350 to the outer ring 352. The posts 372a, 372b are integrated with the upper platform 350 and the outer ring 352. A side view of the posts 372a, 372b are generally illustrated in connection with FIGURE 8.

[0038] In general, each post 372a, 372b has a considerably smaller profile than that of the blocking portion 354 to facilitate the transmission of as much of the audio output from the acoustic lens 134 in the omnidirectional configuration. Each post 372a, 372b generally defines or forms an opening 374 positioned between the upper platform 350 and the outer ring 352 to enable the flow of audio from the acoustic lens 134. It is recognized that the post 372 may be arranged as a continuous column-like shape (e.g., without the opening 374). The post 372 in this instance may have a smaller footprint to enable audio to pass around the post 372 in the omnidirectional configuration.

[0039] FIGURE 9 generally depicts a side view of a loudspeaker assembly 400 in accordance to one embodiment. The loudspeaker assembly 400 may be generally include all of the features noted above in connection with the loudspeaker assemblies 130a, 130b. However, the loudspeaker assembly 400 includes an enclosure 402 that may be embedded in on a side portion of the headrest 110. The enclosure 402 generally includes electronics (not shown) and wiring (also not shown) that enable the loudspeaker 132 to transmit audio. The enclosure 402 also defines a cavity for air for the transducer of the headiest loudspeaker 132 to enable the transducer to experience the desired degree of excursion.

[0040] FIGURE 10 generally depicts a view of the headrest 110a (or 110b) (hereafter 110) including a corresponding loudspeaker assembly 400a, 400b positioned on side portions 450a, 450b thereof in accordance to one embodiment. The front side of the headrest 110 is generally orientated to project out of the page. It is contemplated that leather or other suitable surface of the headrest 110 may be positioned over the enclosures 402a, 402b and the only the caps 200a, 200b and corresponding outer rings 352a, 352b may be visible to vehicle occupants. As shown and also discussed in connection with FIGURE 1, the loudspeaker assembly 400a and its corresponding headrest loudspeaker (not shown) is generally configured to transmit audio data in a first side direction 170 toward the left-hand door 114a and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116a that is located directly adjacent to the driver side of the vehicle 104. In addition, the loudspeaker assembly 400b and its corresponding headrest loudspeaker (now shown) is generally configured to transmit audio data in the second side direction 172 toward the headrest 110b and toward the right- hand door 114b and/or the body pillar (i.e., A-pillar or B-pillar) 116b located adjacent to the front passenger side of the vehicle 104. The headrest loudspeakers for each loudspeaker assembly 400a, 400b may be positioned on the headrest 110 to transmit the audio data at an angle that is greater than 90 degrees with respect to an axis 460 that extends on a floor 462 of the vehicle assuming the axis 460 makes up at least a portion of the floor 462 that extends at an angle of 180 degrees. It is also recognized that the headrest loudspeakers for each loudspeaker assembly 400a, 400b may be positioned on the headrest 110 to transmit the audio data at an angle that is approximately equal to (or equal to) 90 degrees with respect to the axis 460. Conversely, the headrest loudspeakers for each loudspeaker assembly 400a, 400b may be positioned on the headrest 110 to transmit the audio date at an angle that is less than 90 degrees with respect to the axis 460.

[0041] While exemplary embodiments arc described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.