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Title:
SUBSTITUTED LACTAMS AND THEIR USE AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2005/014574
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
This invention relates to certain substituted lactam compounds of the formula (I), particularly caprolactam compounds, which are useful for the treatment of cancer.

Inventors:
BAIR KENNETH WALTER (US)
KINDER FREDERICK RAY JR (US)
VERSACE RICHARD WILLIAM (US)
Application Number:
PCT/EP2004/008284
Publication Date:
February 17, 2005
Filing Date:
July 23, 2004
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
NOVARTIS AG (CH)
NOVARTIS PHARMA GMBH (AT)
BAIR KENNETH WALTER (US)
KINDER FREDERICK RAY JR (US)
VERSACE RICHARD WILLIAM (US)
International Classes:
A61P35/00; C07D223/12; C07D401/06; (IPC1-7): C07D401/06; C07D223/12; A61K31/55; A61P35/00
Domestic Patent References:
WO2001085697A12001-11-15
WO2002039990A22002-05-23
WO2000029382A12000-05-25
Other References:
BOECKMAN, ROBERT ET AL: "Synthesis of bengamides via polyol intermediate", HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, vol. 85, 2002, pages 4532 - 4560, XP002311635
KINDER, FREDERICK ET AL.: "Synthesis and antitumour activity of ester modified analogues of bengamide B", ORGANIC LETTERS, vol. 44, 2001, pages 3692 - 3699, XP002311636
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Grubb, Philip (Corporate Intellectual Property, Basel, CH)
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Claims:
What is claimed is:
1. A compound of the formula 1 : or a salt thereof, wherein n is 0,1 or 2; R1 is H, X1(C16) alkyl, (C112)alkylC(O), X2(C24) alkenylene, X2(C24) alkynylene, X1(C3 9) cycloalkyl, X2(C39)cycloalkene, X1aryl, X1(C37)cycloalkane(C16)alkylene, X2 (C37)cycloalkene(C16)alkylene, or Xiaryl (C16) alkylen; Xi is H, (C114)alkyl, (C37)cycloalkyl, (C114)alkyl substituted by (C3_7) cycloalkyl,ORa,SRa, NO2, halo or (Ci. 6) alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, (C1 12) alkylC (O), monoor di(C14)alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, or monoor di (Cl.
2. alkylamino(C116)alkyl ; X2 is H, (C114)alkyl, (C37)cycloalkyl, (C114)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORa SRa, NO2, halo or (C16)alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, amino (C1 16) alkyl or monoor di (CI4) alkylamino (C1. 16) alkyl ; Ra is H, (C118)alkyl, aryl, or (C1 18) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, aryl, OH, O(C16)alkyl or halo ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (C118)alkyl, R5 is also phenyl or (C1 16) alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 18 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and Rs alkyl substituents, or R2 and R4 together or R3 and Rs together form an acetal group; R6 is hydrogen or (Cl6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C118)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C118)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,ORX, N3, halo, N(Rx)2, Rx, O(C16)alkyl, OC(O)(C116)alkyl or pyridyl ; YRb or a substituent of formula IIa or IIIa wherein R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (Ci. 6) alkyl,ORaXSRa,NO2, halo,N3, (C 12) alkylC (O), monoor di(C14)alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, monoor di (Ci.
3. alkylamino(C116)alkyl, (CH2)02C57cycloalkyl, (CH2) 02heterocyclic, (CH)02C57aryl, or (CH2) 02heteroaryl ; Y is a linking group selected from (Cllo) alkyl, (C010) alkyleneCON(Rx)(C010)alkylene, SO) alkyleneN(Rx)CO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCOO(C010)alkylene,(C1 ) alkyleneOC(O)(C110)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCO(C010)alkylene, (C0 po) alkylene(Rx)NCOO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneOCO(Rx)N(C010)alkylene or (Coi8) alkylenearylene (C018)alkylene; Rx is H, (C14)alkyl or phenyl ; Rb is (C116)alkyl or (C116)alkyl which is substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORx, N3, halo, N(Rx)2, O(C16)alkyl, OC(O)(C116)alkyl or pyridyl ; R8 is H, halo, N3, (C116)alkyl, Z(C116)alkyl, (C116)alkyl substituted by (C37) cycloalkyl,N3, N (Rx) 2,Zhet,ORa orSR,,Z (Cl. 16) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, N3, N(Rx)2, Zhet, ORa or SRa, O(C116)alkyleneN3, O(C116)alkyleneN (Rx) 2, (C06)alkylene OC (O) (C116) alkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C116)alkyl, (C06)alkyleneOC(O)(C3 7) cycloalkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C37)cycloalkyl, pyridyl, OC(O)O(C112)alkyl, O COXRz, orOCO(CH2) mO(CH2) mXRz wherein X is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, (C1 12) alkenylene or (C112)alkynylene and Rz is H, (C39)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C118)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indoXyl, benzofurany), benzothiofurany) or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13,Zhet,ORa,SRa, monoor di (Cl 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, monoor di(C14)alkylamino(C116)alkyl, ZSi((C1 6) alkyl) 3 or a substituent selected from the following two formulae: Z is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene, (Cl12) alkyleneO,0 (Cl12) alkylene, (CI12) alkylene N (Rx),N (Rx), N(Rx)(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)C(O), N(Rx)C(O)(C112)alkylene, (C112)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O), (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)(C18)alkylene, (C112)alkylene CON (RX),CON (Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, CO N (Rx), (C112) alkyleneCOO, (C112)alkyleneOC(O), OC(O)(C112)alkylene, C(O)O(C112)alkylene, (C112)alkyleneCO, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18)alkylene, CO (C1 12) alkylene,C (O),N (Rx) C (O)O,N (Rx)C (O)O (C112) alkylene (C raz alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, (C1 ) alkyleneOCON(Rx), OCON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON (Rx) (C18)alkylene, OCON(Rx), OCOO, (C112)alkyleneOCOO, OCOO(C1 12) alkylene or (C18)alkyleneOC(O)O(C18)alkylene ; Z1 is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene, O(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)C(O) (C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)(C18)alkylene, CON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18) alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OC(O)(C112)alkylene, C(O)O(C1 ) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18)alkylene, CO(C112)alkylene, C(O), N(Rx) C (O)O(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, OCON(Rx) (C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OCOO(C112)alkylene or (C18) alkyleneOC(O)O(C18)alkylene; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, (C117)alkyl, O(C117)alkyl, (CH2) 1. 6C3 7cycloalkyl,(CH2) 0. 10aryl or(CH2) 0. 10het ; het is a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; p is 118; with the proviso that when n is 2 and Ri is (C1. 6) alkylCH=CHor (C3. 6) cycloalkylCH=CH then R7 is not H or (C1. 8) alkyl or R8 is notOCOXRz orOCO(CH2) mO(CH2) mX Rz where X is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, (C112)alkenylene or (C112)alkynylene and Rz is H, (C39)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C1 18) alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, and with the further proviso that R8 is notOH when n is 2, R7 is H or methyl and Ri is 3 methylbut1enylene.
4. A compound as claimed in claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein: n is 2 ; R1 is X1(C16) alkyl, X2(C24) alkenylene, X1(C37)cycloalkyl, or X1(C37)cycloalkane(C1 3) alkylen; Xi is H, (C112)alkyl, (C37)cycloalkyl, (C112)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,ORa ; SRa, NO2, halo or (C1. 12) alkylC (O); aryl, aryl(C1 12) alkylorORa ; X2 is H, (Ci. 12) alkyl, (C3. 7) cycloalkyl, (C112)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORa, SRa, N02, halo or (C112)alkylC(O), aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl; Ra is H, (C118)alkyl, aryl, or (C1 18) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl or aryl ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (Cl4) alkyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 8 carbon atoms, especially no more than 4 carbon atoms, in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents; R6 is hydrogen or (C1 6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C18)alkyl, Rx, (C118)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORx, N3, halo,N (RX) 2,0 (C16)alkyl, OC(O)(C116)alkyl or pyridyl ; or a substituent of formula Ila or IIIa R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C16)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, orN3; Y is a linking group selected fromC (O) N (R),),COO, (C112) alkyleneCOO, COO(C1 ) alkylene, (C110)alkyleneCOO(C110)alkylene, (C110)alkyleneOC(O)(C1 ) alkylene, CO, (C112)alkyleneCO, CO(C112)alkylene, (C110)alkyleneCO(C1 lo) alkylene, (C112)alkylene(Rx)NCO, (C110)alkylene(Rx)NCOO(C110)alkylene, or (C012)alkylenearylene(C012)alkylene; Rx is H, (C14)alkyl or phenyl ; R8 isN3, (C116)alkyl, Z(C116)alkyl, (C116)alkyl substituted by (C3_7) cycloalkyl,N3, or N (Rx) 2 ; Z(C116)alkyl substituted in the alkyl portion by (C37)cycloalkyl, N3, orN (Rx) 2, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C116)alkyl, or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : Z is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene,N (RX)C (O),N (Rx)C (O) (C112)alkylene, (C1 ) alkylenN (Rx)C (O), (CI8) alkylenN (Rx)C (O) (C18) alkylene, (C112)alkyleneCO N (Rx), CON (Rx) (C112) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, CO N (Rx), C(O)O(C112)alkylene, CO(C112)alylene, C(O), N(Rx)C(O)O, N(Rx) C (O)O (C112) alkylene, (C112)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O (Ci. B) alkylene, (C112)alkyleneOCON(Rx), OCON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C1 8) alkyleneOCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene or OCON(Rx); Z1 is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene orC (O) ; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, (C117) alkyl, O(C117)alkyl, (CH2)16C37cycloalkyl, (CH2)010aryl or (CH2)010 het ; and het is pyridyl.
5. A compound as claimed in claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein: R1 is (C16 alkyl)ethenylene; R2, R3 and R4, independently are hydrogen or (C14) alkyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 4 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents; R5 is (C14)alkyl ; R6 is hydrogen or methyl ; R7 is H or (C16)alkyl ; R8 is H,N3, (C116)alkyl, Z(C116)alkyl, (C116)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,N3, or N(Rx)2; or Z(C116)alkyl substituted in the alkyl portion by (C37)cycloalkyl, N3, or N(Rx)2; R9 is (CH2)02C57 cycloalkyl, (CH2)02C57 heterocyclic, (CH2)02C57 aryl, or (CH2)02C57 heteroaryl ; X is (C112) alkylene or (C212) alkenylene ; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, (C18) alkyl, O(C18)alkyl, (CH2)16C37cycloalkyl, (CH2)010aryl or (CH2)010 het ; het is pyridyl ; nis2.
6. A compound as claimed in claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein: R1 isCH=CHipropyl orCH=CHtbutyl ; X2 is H; R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently are hydrogen or methyl ; R6 is hydrogen; R7 is H or (C13) alkyl ; and nis2.
7. A compound as claimed in claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein: Ri is Xi (C3. 7) cycloalkane(C1 6) alkyleneor X2(C3 9) cycloalkene; Xi is hydrogen; X2 is hydrogen; R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently are hydrogen or methyl ; R6 is hydrogen; R7 is H or (C13) alkyl ; Rs is hydrogen; and nis2.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I according to any one of claims 15, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 comprising a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent.
10. Use of a compound of formula I according to any on of claims 15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of cancer.
11. Use of a compound of formula I according to any on of claims 15, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cancer.
12. A process to prepare the compound of the formula I : or a salt thereof, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 ; R1 is H, X1 (C16) alkyl, (C112)alkylC(O), X2(C24) alkenylene, X2(C24) alkynylene, X1(C3 9) cycloalkyl, X2(C39)cycloalkene, X1aryl, X1(C37)cycloalkane(C16)alkylene, X2 (C3. 7) cycloalkene(C1 6) alkylene, or X1aryl(C16)alkylene; Xi is H, (Ci. 14) alkyl, (C3 7) cycloalkyl, (C1 14) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo or (C16)alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, (C1 12) alkylC (O), monoor di(C14)alkylamino, amino (Ci. 16) alkyl, or monoor di (Cl 4) alkylamino (C1 16) alkyl ; X2 is H, (C114)alkyl, (C37)cycloalkyl, (C114)alkyl substituted by (C37) cycloalkyl,ORaSRa, NO2, halo or (C16)alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, amino (C1 16) alkylor monoor di (C14)alkylamino(C116)alkyl ; Ra is H, (C118)alkyl, aryl, or (C1 18) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, aryl, OH, O(C16)alkyl or halo ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (C118)alkyl, R5 is also phenyl or (C1 16) alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 18 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents, or R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together form an acetal group; R6 is hydrogen or (C1 6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C118)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C118)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,ORX, N3, halo,N (Rx) 2, Rx, O (C16)alkyl, OC(O)(C116)alkyl or pyridyl ;YRb or a substituent of formula Ila or IIIa wherein R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C16)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, N3, (C1 12) alkylC (O), monoor di(C14)alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, monoor di (Cl 4) alkylamino(C116)alkyl, (CH2)02C57cycloalkyl, (CH2) 02heterocyclic, (CH2)02C57aryl, or (CH2) 02heteroaryl ; Y is a linking group selected from (C110)alkyl, (C010)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneN(Rx)CO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCOO(C010)alkylene, (C1 ) alkyleneOC (O)(C110)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCO(C010)alkylene, (C0 io) alkylene(Rx)NCOO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneOCO(Rx)N(C010)alkylene or (C018) alkylenearylene(C018)alkylene; Rx is H, (C14)alkyl or phenyl ; Rb is (C1 16) alkyl or (C1 16) alkyl which is substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORx, N3, halo, N(Rx)2, O(C16)alkyl, OC(O)(C116)alkyl or pyridyl ; R8 is H, halo,N3, (C116)alkyl, Z(C116)alkyl, (C116)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,N3, N(Rx)2, Zhet, ORa or SRa, Z(C116)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,N3,N (R, ) 2, Zhet,ORa orSRa,O (C, 16) alkyleneN3,O (C, 16) alkyleneN (Rx) 2, (Co6) alkylene OC (O)(C116)alkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C116)alkyl, (C06)alkyleneOC(O)(C3 7) cycloalkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C37)cycloalkyl, pyridyl, OC(O)O(C112)alkyl, O COXRz, orOCO(CH2) mO(CH2) mXRz wherein X is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, (C1 12) alkenylene or (C1 12) alkynylene and Rz is H, (C39)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C118)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, Zhet, ORa, SRa, monoor di(C 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, monoor di(C14)alkylamino(C116)alkyl, ZSi((C1 6) alkyl) 3 or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : Z is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene, (C112) alkyleneO,O (C112) alkylene, (C112)alkylene N(Rx), N(Rx), N(Rx)(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)C(O), N(Rx)C(O)(C112)alkylene, (C112) alkyleneN(Rx)C(O), (C18)alkyleneN (Rx) C (O) (C18) alkylene,(C1 12) alkylene CON (RX),CON (Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, CO <BR> <BR> N (Rx), (C112)alkyleneCOO, (C112)alkyleneOC (O) ,OC (O) (CI12) alkylene,<BR> <BR> C(O)O(C112)alkylene, (C112)alkyleneCO, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18@)alkylene, CO (C112)alkylene, C(O), N(Rx)C(O)O, N(Rx)C(O)O(C112)alkylene, (C1 ) alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, (C1 ) alkyleneOCON (Rx),OCON (Ra) (C112) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON(Rx) (C18)alkylene, OCON(Rx), OCOO, (C112)alkyleneOCOO, OCOO(C1 12) alkylene or (C18)alkyleneOC(O)O(C18)alkylene; Z1 is a direct bond, (C112) alkylene,0 (C112) alkylene, N(Rx)(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)C(O) (C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)(C18)alkylene, CON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OC(O)(C112)alkylene, C(O)O(C1 12) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18@)alkylene, CO(C112)alkylene, C(O), N(Rx) C (O)O (C112) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, OCON(Rx) (C1 12) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OCOO(C112)alkylene or (C18) alkyleneOC (O)O(C1 8) alkylen; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, (C117)alkyl, O(C117)alkyl, (CH2)16C37cycloalkyl, (CH2)010aryl or (CH2)010 het; het is a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; p is 118; with the proviso that when n is 2 and Ri is (Ci. 6) alkylCH=CHor (C3 6) cycloalkylCH=CH then R7 is not H or (C1 8) alkyl or R8 is notOCOXRz orOCO (CH2) mO (CH2) mX Rz where X is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, (C112)alkenylene or (C112)alkynylene and Rz is H, (C39)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C118)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, and with the further proviso that R8 is notOH when n is 2, R7 is H or methyl and Ri is 3 methylbut1enylene ; comprising the following steps : (a) reacting the compound of formula VI or an acid addition salt thereof wherein R7 and R8 are defined above, with the compound of formula VII wherein Ri and R5 are defined above, to form a compound of formula Vlil (b) hydrolyzing the compound of formula Vlil.
13. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein step (a) is conducted in a polar organic solvent or in the presence of a weak base and a polar organic solvent.
14. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the compound of VIII is prepared by reacting the compound of Xi wherein Ri, R5 and R7 are defined in claim 10, with an acid chloride in the presence of a base and a solvent.
15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the acid chloride is of the formula R12COCI, wherein R12 is an appropriate substituent based on the definition of R8 ; the base is triethylanime and the solvent is dichloromethane.
16. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the compound of ! is prepared by reacting the compound of XI wherein Ri, R5 and R7 are defined in claim 11, with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a carboxylic acid coupling agent and an activating agent.
17. The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the carboxylic acid is of the formula R12COOH wherein R12 is an appropriate substituent based on the definition of R8 ; the carboxylic acid coupling reagent is 1 (3dimethylaminopropyl)3ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and the activating agent is 4dimethyaminopyridine.
18. The process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the compound of formula VII is prepared by cleaving the compound of formula XXXIII wherein R5 is defined in claim 10, to obtain the compound XXXIV reacting the compound of XXXIV with an organometallic compound in the presence of a solvent mixture.
19. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein cleaving the compound of formula XXXIII is carried out in the presence of a periodate salt in a solvent.
20. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the periodate salt is sodium periodate and the solvent is methanol.
21. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the organometallic compound is an organochromium compound, and the solvent mixture comprises of a polar organic solvent and an inert organic solvent.
22. The process as claimed in claim 19, wherein the polar organic solvent is N, N dimethylformamide and the inert organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
23. A process to prepare the compound of the formula 1 : or a salt thereof, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 ; R1 is H, X1(C16) alkyl, (C112)alkylC(O), X2(C24) alkenylene, X2(C24) alkynylene, X1(C3 9) cycloalkyl, X2 (C3. 9) cycloalkene, XIaryl, Xl (C37) cycloalkane (CI6) alkylene, X2 (C37)cycloalkene(C16)alkylene, or X1aryl(C16)alkylene; Xi is H, (C1 14) alkyl, (C3. 7) cycloalkyl, (C114)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORa, SRa, N02, halo or (C16)alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, (C1 12) alkylC (O), monoor di (CI4) alkylamino, amino (C1. 16) alkyl, or monoor di (Cl 4) alkylamino(C116)alkyl ; X2 is H, (C1 14) alkyl, (C37)cycloalkyl, (C114)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,ORaSRa, NO2, halo or (Ci. 6) alkylC(O); aryl, aryl(C112)alkyl, amino (C1. 16) alkylor monoor di (C14)alkylamino(C116)alkyl ; Ra is H, (C1 18) alkyl, aryl, or (C1. 18) alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, aryl, OH, O(C16)alkyl or halo ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (C118)alkyl, R5 is also phenyl or (Cl, 16) alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 18 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents, or R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together form an acetal group; R6 is hydrogen or (Cl6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C118)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C118)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORx, N3, halo,N (Rx) 2, Rx, O (C16) alkyl,OC (O) (CI16) alkyl or pyridyl ; YRb or a substituent of formula IIa or IIIa wherein R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C16)alkyl, ORa, SRa, NO2, halo, N3, (C1 12) alkylC (O) , monoor di(C14)alkylamino, amino (C1. 16) alkyl, monoor di (Ci.
24. alkylamino(C116)alkyl, (CH2)02C57cycloalkyl, (CH2) 02heterocyclic, (CH2) 02C57aryl, or (CH2) 02heteroaryl ; Y is a linking group selected from (C110) alkyl, (C010)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneN(Rx)CO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCOO(C010)alkylene, (C1 10)alkyleneOC(O)(C110)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneCO(C010)alkylene, (C0 1o) alkylene(Rx)NCOO(C010)alkylene, (C010)alkyleneOCO(Rx)N(C010)alkylene or (C018) alkylenearylene(C018)alkylene; Rx is H, (C14)alkyl or phenyl ; Rb is (C1. 16) alkyl or (C1. 16) alkyl which is substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, ORx, N3, halo, N (R,) 2,0 (C,Ei) alkyl,OC (O) (Cl. 16) alkyl or pyridyl ; R8 is H, halo,N3, (C1 16) alkyl, Z(C116)alkyl, (C116)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, N3, N(Rx)2, Zhet, ORa or SRa, Z(C116)alkyl substituted by (C37)cycloalkyl, N3, N(Rx)2, Zhet, ORa or SRa, O(C116)alkyleneN3, O(C116)alkyleneN(Rx)2, (C06)alkylene OC (O)(C116)alkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C116)alkyl, (C06)alkyleneOC(O)(C3 7) cycloalkyl, (C06)alkylene(O)CO(C3 7) cycloalkyl, pyridyl, OC(O)O(C112)alkyl, O COXRz, or OCO(CH2)mO(CH2)mXRz wherein X is a direct bond, (C1. 12) alkylene, (Cr. 12) alkenylene or (Cl. 12) alkynylene and Rz is H, (C3.9) cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C118)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13,Zhet,ORa,SRa, monoor di(C 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl, monoor di (C14)alkylamino(C116)alkyl, ZSi((C1 6) alkyl) 3 or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : Z is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, (C112)alkyleneO, O(C112)alkylene, (C112)alkylene N (RX),N (Rx), N(Rx)(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)C(O), N(Rx)C(O)(C112)alkylene, (C112) alkyleneN(Rx)C(O), (C18)alkyleneN (Rx) C (O) (C18)alkylene, (C112)alkylene CON (Rx), CON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, CO N (Rx), (C112)alkyleneCOO, (C112)alkyleneOC(O), OC(O)(C112)alkylene, C(O)O(C112)alkylene, (C112)alkyleneCO, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18@)alkylene, CO (C1 12) alkylene,C (O),N (Rx)C (O)O,N (Rx)C (O)O (Cl12) alkylene, (Cl ) alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, (C1 ) alkyleneOCON(Rx), OCON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON (Rx) (Ci. 8) alkylene, OCON(Rx), OCOO, (C112)alkyleneOCOO, OCOO(C1 12) aikylene or (CiB) alkyleneOC (O)O (ClB) alkylene ; Z1 is a direct bond, (C112)alkylene, O(C112)alkylene, N(Rx)(C112)alkyene, N(Rx)C(O) (C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)(C18)alkylene, CON(Rx)(C112)alkylene, (C18) alkyleneCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OC(O)(C112)alkylene, C(O)O(C1 ) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneCO(C18))alkylene, CO(C112)alkylene, C(O), N(Rx) C (O)O (C112) alkylene, (C18)alkyleneN(Rx)C(O)O(C18)alkylene, OCON(Rx) (C112)alkylene, (C18)alkyleneOCON(Rx)(C18)alkylene, OCOO(C112)alkylene or (C18) alkyleneOC (O)O(C1 8) alkylene; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, (C117)alkyl, O(C117)alkyl, (CH2) . 6C37cycloalkyl, (CH2) o1oaryl or (CH2) oohet ; het is a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; p is 118; with the proviso that when n is 2 and Ri is (C1 6) alkylCH=CHor (C3. 6) cycloalkylCH=CH then R7 is not H or (C1. 8) alkyl or R8 is not OCOXRz orOCO(CH2) mO(CH2) mX Rz where X is a direct bond, (Cl. 12)alkylene, (C112)alkenylene or (C112)alkynylene and Rz is H, (C3. 9) cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C118)alkyl or (C118)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, and with the further proviso that R8 is notOH when n is 2, R7 is H or methyl and Ri is 3 methylbut1enylene ; comprising the following steps: (a) reacting a compound of formula XLI wherein Ri and R5 are defined above, P2 and P4 are protective groups, and R"'is a (C1 6) alkyl, with the compound of formula VI wherein R7 and R8 are defined above, to form the compound of formula XLII (b) deprotecting the compound of formula XLII.
25. The process as claimed in claim 21, wherein R"'is ethyl, P2 is tertbutyidimethylsilyl, and P4 is selected from benzyl or naphthlmethyl ethers.
26. The process as claimed in claim 21, wherein the compound of formula XLI is prepared by reacting the compound of formula XL wherein Ri, P2 and P4 are defined in claim 21 with a compound having the following formula wherein R5 and R"'are defined in claim 21 and P3 is a protective group.
27. The process as claimed in claim 23, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of a Lewis acid and a solvent.
28. The process as claimed in claim 24, wherein the Lewis acid is SnCI4 and the solvent is a mixture of CH2CI2 and heptane.
Description:
Substituted lactams and their use as anti-cancer agents The present invention relates to the area of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer.

More particularly, the present invention relates to certain substituted lactams, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said lactam compounds, a method of treating cancer with said lactam compounds, and a process for preparing said lactam compounds.

BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious health problem throughout the world. As a result, an extensive number of research endeavors has been undertaken in an effort to develop therapies appropriate to the treatment and alleviation of cancer in humans. Research has been conducted to develop anti-cancer agents effective against various types of cancer. Oftentimes, anti- cancer agents which have been developed and found effective against cancer cells are, unfortunately, also toxic to normal cells. This toxicity manifests itself in weight loss, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, itching, hallucinations, loss of appetite, and other undesirable effects.

Additionally, conventionally used cancer treatment agent often do not have the effectiveness desired or are not as broadly effective against different types of cancers as desired. As a result, a great need exists for therapeutic agents which are not only more effective against multiple types of cancer, but which have a higher degree of selectivity for killing cancer cells with no or minimal effect on normal healthy cells. In addition, highly effective and selective anti-cancer agents, in particular, against cancers of the colon, bladder, prostate, stomach, pancreas, breast, lung, liver, brain, testis, ovary, cervix, skin, vulva, small intestine, lymph glands, and blood cells are desired. Moreover, anti-cancer activity against colon, breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancers as well as melanomas are particularly desired because of the lack of any particular effective therapy at the present time.

SUMMARY The present invention provides new anti-cancer agents which are effective against a variety of cancer cells in particular, against all liquid and solid cancers that may arise in a subject, including cancers of the colon, bladder, prostate, stomach, pancreas, breast, lung, liver, brain, testis, ovary, cervix, skin, vulva, small intestine, lymph glands, and blood cells. More particularly, the present invention relates to certain substituted lactams which exhibit a high degree of selectivity in killing cancer cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention relates to pharmaceutical compounds that are useful for the treatment of cancer of the formula 1 : wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 ; R1 is H, X1- (C1-6) alkyl-, (C1-12)alkylC(O)-, X2-(C2-4) alkenylene-, X2-(C2-4) alkynylene-, X1-(C3- 9) cycloalkyl-, X2-(C3-9)cycloalkene-, X1-aryl-, X1-(C3-7)cycloalkane-(C1-6)alkylene-, X2-(C3- 7) cycloalkene-(Ca 6) alkylene-, or X1-aryl- (C1-6) alkylen-; Xi is H, (C1-14)alkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, (C1-14)alkyl substituted by (C3_7) cycloalkyl,-ORa,-SRa, -NO2, halo or (C1-6)alkylC(O)-; aryl, aryl-(C1-12)alkyl-, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo, (C1-12)alkyl- C (O)-, mono-or di- 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, or mono-or di- (CI-4) alkylamino(C1- 16) alkyl ; X2 is H, (C1-14)alkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, (C1-14)alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -ORa -SRa, -NO2, halo or (Ci. 6) alkyl-C(O)-; aryl, aryl-(C1-12)alkyl-, amino (C1 16) alkyl-or mono-or di-(C1- 4) alkylamin (C1 16) alkyl ; Ra is H, (C1-1 B) alkyl, aryl, or (C1 18) alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, aryl, -OH, -O-(C1-6)alkyl or halo ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (Ci. 18) alkyl, R5 is also phenyl or (C1_16) alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 18 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents, or R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together form an acetal group; R6 is hydrogen or (Ci. 6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C1-18)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C1-18)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,-ORx, N3, halo, -N(Rx)2, Rx, -O-(C1-6)alkyl, -OC(O)-(C1-16)alkyl or pyridyl ; -Y-Rb or a substituent of formula Ila or Illa wherein R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C1-6)alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo, -N3, (C1- 12) alkylC(O)-, mono-or di- (CI-4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, mono-or di- (Cl- 4) alkylamino(C1-16)alkyl, (CH2) o-2-C5-7cycloalkyl, (CH2) o-2-heterocyclic, (CH2) 0-2-C5-7aryl, or (CH2) 0-2-heteroaryl ; Y is a linking group selected from -(C1-10)alkyl-, -(C0-10)alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-N(Rx)-CO-(C0-10)alkylene, -(C0-10)alkylene-CO-O-(C0-10)alkylene-, (C1- lo) alkylene-O-C(O)-(C1-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-CO-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene- (Rx) N-CO-O- (Co-io) alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-O-CO-(Rx)N-(C0-10)alkylene- or -(C0-18)alkylene- arylene-(C0-18)alkylene-; Rx is H, (Ci. 4) alkyl or phenyl ; Rb is (C1 16) alkyl or (C1 16) alkyl which is substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -ORx, N3, halo, -N(Rx)2, -O-(C1-6)alkyl, -OC(O)-(C1-16)alkyl or pyridyl ; R8 is H, halo,-N3, (C1-16)alkyl, -Z-(C1-16)alkyl, (C1-16)alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -N3, -N (RX) 2,-Z-het,-ORa or-SRa,-Z-(C1 16) alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -N3, -N(Rx) 2, -Z- het,-ORa or -SRa, -0(C1-16)alkylene-N3, -O(C1-16)alkylene-N(Rx)2, -(C0-6)alkylene-OC(O)-(C1- 16) alkyl, -(C0-6)alkylene-(O)C-O-(C1-16)alkyl, -(C0-6)alkylene-OC(O)-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, -(C0- 6) alkylene-(O)C-O-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, pyridyl, -OC(O)O(C1-12)alkyl, -O-CO-X-R2, or -O-CO- (CH2) m-O- (CH2) m-X-Rz wherein X is a direct bond, (Ci. 12) alkylene, (C1-12)alkenylene or (C1- ) alkynylene and Rz is H, (C3. 9) cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C1-18)alkyl or (Ci. 18) alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13,-Z-het,-ORa,-SRa, mono-or di-(C1-4)alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, mono-or di- (Cl- 4) alkylamino(C1-16)alkyl, -Z-Si((C1-16)alkyl) 3 or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : Z is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-, -O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene- N(Rx)-, -N(Rx)-, -N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 12) alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO- N (RX)-,-CO-N (Rx)- (C1-12) alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-N(Rx)-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO-O-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-C(O)-, -OC(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-O-(C1- 12) alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO-, -(C1-6)alkylene-CO-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, - C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-N(rx)-C(O)-O-, -(C1- 8) alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1- ) alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-, -O-CO-O-, -(C1- 12) alkylene-O-CO-O-, -O-CO-O-(C1-12)alkylene- or -(C1-8)alkylene-O-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-; Z1 is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene-,-O- (C1-12) alkylene-,-N (Rx)- (C, 12) alkylene-,-N (RM)-C (O)- (C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 8) alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -OC(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 8) alkylene-CO-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, - (C1-8) alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene- O-CO-N (Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-O-(C1-12)alkylene- or -(C1-8)alkylene-O-C(O)-O-(C1- 8) alkylene-; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, -(C1-17)alkyl, -O-(C1-17)alkyl, -(CH2)1-6-C3-7-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)0-10-aryl or -(CH2)0-10 -het ; het is a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; p is 1-18; or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that when n is 2 and Ri is (Ci. 6) alkyl-CH=CH-or (C3 6) cycloalkyl-CH=CH- then R7 is not H or (C1 8) alkyl or Ra is not -O-CO-X-Rz or -O-CO-(CH2)m-O-(CH2)m-X-Rz where X is a direct bond, (C1-12)alkylene, (C1-12)alkenylene or (C1 12) alkynylene and Rz is H, (C3-9)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C1-18)alkyl or (C1 18) alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, and with the further proviso that R8 is not-OH when n is 2, R7 is H or methyl and Ri is 3-methylbut-1-enylene.

The present invention further also relates to compounds that are useful for the treatment of cancer of the formula 1, wherein n is 0,1 or 2; R1 is X1- (C1-6) alkyl-, X2-(C2-4) alkenylene-, X2-(C2-4) alkynylene-, X1-(C3-9)cycloalkyl-, X2-(C3- 9) cycloalkene-, X1-aryl-, X1- (C3-7) cycloalkane-(C,. 6) alkylene-, X2-(C3. 7) cycloalkene-(C1.

6) alkylen-, or X1-aryl-(C1-6)alkylene-; Xi is H, (C1 14) alkyl, (C3. 7) cycloalkyl, (C1-14)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycioalkyl,-ORa,-SRa, -NO2, halo or (C1-6)alkylC(O)-; aryl, aryl-(C1-12)alkyl-, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo, (C1-12)alkyl- C (O)-, mono-or di- 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, or mono-or di-(C,) alkylamino (C 16) alkyl ; X2 is H, (C1-14)alkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, (C1-14)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,-ORa-SRa, - N02, halo or (C1-6)alkyl-C(O)-; aryl, aryl-(C1-12)alkyl-, amino (C1- 16) alkyl-or mono-or di- (Ci- 4) alkylamino (C1. 16) alkyl ; Ra is H, (C1-18)alkyl, aryl, or (Cl. 18) alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, aryl, -OH, -O-(C1-6)alkyl or halo ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (C1-18)alkyl, R5 is also phenyl or (C1-16)alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 18 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents, or R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together form an acetal group; R6 is hydrogen or (C1- 6) alkyl ; R7 is H, (C1- 18) alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C1. 18) alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -ORx, N3, halo,-N (RX) 2,-0- (C1-6)alkyl, -OC(O)-(C1-16)alkyl or pyridyl ;-Y-Rb or a substituent of formula Ila or Illa wherein R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C1-6)alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo, -N3, (C1- 12) alkylC (O) -, mono-or di- (CI-4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, or mono-or di- (Cl- 4) alkylamino(C1-16)alkyl ; Y is a linking group selected from- (C1-10) alkyl-,- (Co. alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-N(Rx)-CO-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-CO-O-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C1- ) alkylene-O-C(O)-(C1-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-CO-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene- (Rx)N-CO-O-(C0-10)alkylene-, -(C0-10)alkylene-O-CO-(Rx)N-(C0-10)alkylene- or -(C0-18)alkylene- arylene-(C0-18)alkylene-; Rx is H, (C1-4)alkyl or phenyl ; Rb is (C1. 16) alkyl or (C1-16)alkyl which is substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,-ORx, N3, halo, -N(Rx)2, -O-(C1-6)alkyl, -OC(O)-(C1-16)alkyl or pyridyl ; R8 is H, halo, -N3, (C1-16)alkyl, -Z-(C1-16)alkyl, (C1-16)alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -N3, -N (Rx) 2-Z-het,-ORa or-SRa,-Z-(C1. 16) alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl, -N3, -N(Rx)2, -Z- het,-ORa or-SRa,-O (C1-16)alkylene-N3, -O(C1-16)alkylene-N(Rx)2, -(C0-6)alkylene-OC(O)-(C1- 16) alkyl, -(C0-6)alkylene-(O)C-O-(C1-16)alkyl, -(C0-6)alkylene-OC(O)-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, -(C0- 6) alkylene-(O)C-O-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, pyridyl, -OC(O)O(C1-12)alkyl, -Z-het, -ORa, -SRa, mono- or di-(C1 4) alkylamino, amino (C1 16) alkyl-, mono-or di- (C1-4) alkylamino (C1 16) alkyl,-Z-Si ((C 6) alkyl) 3 or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : Z is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-, -O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene- N @)-, -N(Rx)-, -N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 12) alkylen-N (Rx)-C (O)-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO- N (RX)-,-CO-N (Rx)- (C1-12) alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-N(Rx)-, - (C1-12)alkylene-CO-O-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-C(O)-, -OC(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-O-(C1- 12) alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO-, -(C1-8)alkylene-CO-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-, -(C1- 8) alkylen-N (Rx)-C (O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1- ) alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-, -O-CO-O-, -(C1- 12) alkylene-O-CO-O-, -O-CO-O-(C1-12)alkylene- or -(C1-8)alkylene-O-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-; Z1 is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene-,-O- (C1-12) alkylene-,-N (Rx)- (C-12) alkylene-,-N (Rx)-C (O)- (C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 8) alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -OC(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- 6)alkylene-CO-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, - (C1-8) alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene- O-CO-N (Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -O-CO-O-(C1-12)alkylene- or -(C1-8)alkylene-O-C(O)-O-(C1- 8) alkylen-; R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, - (C1-17) alkyl, -O-(C1-17)alkyl, -(CH2)1-6-C3-7-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)0-10-aryl or -(CH2)0-10 - het ; het is a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; p is 1-18 ; or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that when n is 2 and R1 is (C1-6)alkyl-CH=CH- or (C3-6)cycloalkyl-CH=CH- then R7 is not H or (C1 8) alkyl or R8 is not -O-CO-X-Rz or-O-CO-(CH2) m-O-(CH2) m-X-Rz where X is a direct bond, (C1-12)alkylene, (C1-12)alkenylene or (C1-12)alkynylene and Rz is H, (C3-9)cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one or more of chloro, methoxy, (C1-18)alkyl or (C1-18)alkoxy, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl or pyridyl and each m is independently a number from 0 to 13, and with the further proviso that R8 is not-OH when n is 2, R7 is H or methyl and Ri is 3-methylbut-1-enylene. interesting compounds of formula I are those wherein: n is 2; and/or R1 is X1-(C1-6) alkyl- X2-(C2-4) alkenylene-, X1-(C3- 7) cycloalkyl-, or X1-(C3-7)cycloalkane-(C1- 3) alkylen-; and/or Xi is H, (C1-12)alkyl, especially branched (CI-6) alkyl ; (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -(C1-12)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,-ORa ;-SRa,-NO2, halo or (C1-12)alkylC(O)-; aryl, aryl-(C1-120alkyl- or -ORa ; and/or X2 is H, (C1-12)alkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -(C1-12)alkyl substituted by (C3-7)cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo or (Ci. 12) alkylC(O)-, aryl, aryl-(C1-12)alkyl-; and/or Ra is H, (C1-18)alkyl, aryl-, or (C1 18) alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl or aryl ; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (CI-4) alkyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 8 carbon atoms, especially no more than 4 carbon atoms, in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents; and/or R6 is hydrogen or (CI-6) alkyl ; and/or R7 is H, (C1-8)alkyl, Rx, (C1-18)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,-ORx, N3, halo,-N (RX) 2,-O- (C1-6)alkyl, -OC(O)-(C1-16)alkyl or pyridyl ; especially 3-pyridyl, or a substituent of formula Ila or IIIa and/or R9 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from (C1-6)alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NO2, halo, or-N3; and/or Y is a linking group selected from-C (O) N (RX)-,-CO-O-,- (C1-12) alkylene-CO-O-,-CO-O-(C1 12)alkylene-, -(C1-10)alkylene-CO-O-(C1-10)alkylene-, -(C1-10)alkylene-O-C(O)-(C1-10)alkylene-, -CO-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-10)alkylene-CO-(C1-10)alkylene-, -(C1- 12) alkylene-(Rx)N-CO-, -(C1-10)alkylene-(Rx)N-CO-O-(C1-10)alkylene-, or -(C0-12)alkylene- arylene- (Co-12) alkylene- ; and/or Rx is H, (C1-4)alkyl or phenyl ; R8 is-N3, (C1-16)alkyl, -Z-(C1-16)alkyl, (C1-16)alkyl substituted by (C3 7) cycloalkyl,-N3, or - N (Rx) 2 ;-Z- (CI-16) alkyl substituted in the alkyl portion by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,-N3, or-N (RX) 2, -(C0- 6) alkylene-(O) C-O-(C1 16) alkyl, or a substituent selected from the following two formulae : and/or Z is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1- ) alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-CO- N (Rx)-,-CO-N (Rx)- (C1-12) alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-8)alkylene-, -CO-N(Rx)-, -C(O)-O-(C1-12)alkylene-, -CO-(C1-12)alkylene-, -C(O)-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-, -N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1- 12) alkylene-, -(C1-12)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-, -(C1-8)alkylene-N(Rx)-C(O)-O-(C1-8)alkylene-, - (C1-12) alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-, -O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1-12)alkylene-, -(C1-8)alkylene-O-CO-N(Rx)-(C1- 8) alkylene-or-O-CO-N (RX)-; and/or Z1 is a direct bond,- (C1-12) alkylene- or-C (O)- ; and/or R10 is from zero to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, -(C1-17)alkyl, -O-(C1-17)alkyl, -(CH2)1-6-C3-7-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)0-10-aryl or -(CH2)0-10 -het ; and/or het is pyridyl.

Further interesting compounds of formula (I) include those wherein R1 is (C1-6 alkyl)-ethenylene-; especially those wherein the alkyl group is branched and the double bond is trans; and/or R2, R3 and R4, independently are hydrogen or (Cl-4) alkyl, wherein there is no more than a total of 4 carbon atoms in the combined R2, R3, R4 and R5 alkyl substituents ; and/or R, is (Ci. 4) alkyl, especially methyl, and/or R6 is hydrogen or methyl ; and/or R7 is H or (C1- 6) alkyl ; and/or R8 is H,-N3, (C1-16)alkyl, -Z-(C1-16)alkyl, (C1-16)alkyl substituted by (C3. 7) cycloalkyl,-N3, or - N (Rx) 2 or-Z- (C1-16) alkyl substituted in the alkyl portion by (C3-7) cycloalkyl,-N3, or-N (Rx) 2, R9 is (CH2) 0-2-C5-7 cycloalkyl, (CH2) 0-2-C5-7 hetero-cyclic, (CH2)0-2-C5-7 aryl, or (CH2) 0-2-C5-7 hetero-aryl ; X is (C1-12) alkylene or (C2-12) alkenylene ; and/or R10 is from 0 to 3 substituents selected from hydroxy, halo, -(C1-8)alkyl, -O-(C1-8)alkyl, - (CH2)1-6-C3-7-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)0-10-aryl or -(CH2)0-10 -het ; and/or het is pyridyl ; especially those wherein n is 2.

Additional interesting compounds are those of formula I where R1 is-CH=CH-i-propyl or-CH=CH-t-butyl, especially in the trans geometry; X2 is H; R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently are hydrogen or methyl ; R6 is hydrogen; R7 is H or (CI-3) alkyl ; especially wherein n is 2.

Additional interesting compounds are those of formula I wherein: Ri is X1-(C3-7)-cycloalkane-(C1. 6) alkylene- or X2- (C3-9) cycloalkene- ; Xi is hydrogen; X2 is hydrogen; R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently are hydrogen or methyl ; R6 is hydrogen; R7 is H or (Ci. 3) alkyl ; R8 is H; and nis2.

In another embodiment, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions, especially for the treatment of cancer in subjects, especially human, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and an antitumorally effective dose of a compound of formula I above, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, where possible.

In still another embodiment, the current invention provides a method for treating cancer comprising administering to a subject, especially human, in need of such treatment a therapeutical effective amount of a compound of formula I above, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, where possible. The effective dosage of the compounds of the invention for such treatment may encompass a range of from about 0.01 milligrams per kilogram body weight per day to about 0.02 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

In another embodiment, the current invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such a compound for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for use in the chemotherapy of cancer.

Furthermore, the current invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such a compound for the chemotherapy of cancer.

In the above definitions: The alkyl groups, including any alkyl portion of a substituent, such as alkoxy, are either straight or branched chain, of which examples of the latter include isopropyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, isohexyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2, 2-dimethylbutyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl and 1,1, 2, 2-tetramethylethyl unless otherwise noted.

The term"alkylene"as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen. Examples of"alkylene"groups include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylen, pentylen, and 3-methypentylene.

The term"alkenylene"as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of "alkenylene"groups include ethenylene, propenylene, butenylene, 3, 3,-dimethylbut-1- enylene, 3-methylbut-1-enylene, pentenylene, 3-methylpentenylene, and butadiene.

The term"alkynylene"as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain divalent group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Examples of"alkynylene"groups include acetylene, propynylene, butynylene, pentynylene, 3-methylpentynylene.

If R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together form an acetal group, R2 and R4 together or R3 and R5 together preferably form a group of the formula-C (R') (R") -, wherein R'and R"are selected independently of each other from X1-(Cr (CI-6) alkyl-, X2-(C24) alkenyl-, X1-(C3.

7) cycloalkyl-, or Xi- (C3_) cycloalkane- (C. 3) alkyl- wherein X, is as defined herein.

The term"direct bond"as herein described refers to a single, double, or triple, covalent atomic bond which links together two moities.

Halo is chloro, bromo, iodo or fluoro, especially chloro, bromo or iodo.

The substituent het is preferably a 3 to 9 membered aliphatic ring, such as a 4 to 7 membered aliphatic ring, containing from one to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, or het is a 5 to 7 member aromatic ring containing one or more heteroatoms, for example from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, selected from N, O and S, or het is a bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring system where each ring can independently be 5 or 6 membered and contain one or more heteroatoms, for example, 1,2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, chosen from O, N or S such that the fused ring system is aromatic. Examples of suitable het substituents include pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, piperidyl, piperazyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morphilino, 1,3-diazapane, 1,4-diazapane, 1,4-oxazepane, 1,4- oxathiapane, furyl, thienyl, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, isoxazolyl, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridopyrazine, pyrrolopyridine, furopyridine, indole, benzofuran, benzothiofuran, benzindole, benzoxazole, and pyrroloquinoline. Het is preferably pyridyl.

In the instance where het is a nitrogen containing ring, N-substituted compounds are included. Suitable N-substituents include (C, 14) alkyl, such as N-methyl or N-ethyl,-C (O) Ci.

12alkyl, such as methylamido or ethylamido,-C (O)-O- (CI-14) alkyl, such as carbomethoxy or carboethoxy, or phenyl. het also includes the above rings with substitution on one or more carbons. Suitable C- substituents include (Ci. alkyl, such as methyl or ethyl,-ORa, such as methoxy and ethoxy, -SRa, halo,-N (RX) 2 and the like.

Aryl includes phenyl and naphthyl substituents.

A"heteroaryl"group is mono-, bi-or tri-cyclic, and comprises 3-24, preferably 4-16 ring atoms, and is most preferably mono-cyclic comprising 5-7 ring atoms, wherein at least one or more, preferably one to four ring carbons are replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, N or S such as azirinyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thianthrenyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 2H pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, dithiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indofyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl and benzo [1,2, 5] thiadiazolyl, thiacumaryl, indazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzothiophenyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, furazanyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, chromenyl, isochromanyl and chromanyl, each of these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by one to two substituents.

"Heterocyclic"refers to a heterocyclic radical containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur (e. g. piperazinyl, lower alkyl-piperazinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholinyl, imidazolinyl). The heterocyclic radical is preferably unsaturated, saturated or partially saturated in the bonding ring; has 3-24, more preferably 4-16 ring atoms, wherein at least in the bonding ring one or more, preferably 1-4, especially one or two carbon ring atoms are replaced by a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the bonding ring preferably having 4-12, especially 4-7 ring atoms; the heterocyclic radical is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, especially 1-4 substituents and is especially selected from the group consisting of indoly, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl, pyridyl, imidazolinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidino, piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxiranyl, 1, 2-oxathiolanyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl and azetidinyl, with piperazinyl being especially preferred.

In view of the close relationship between the novel compounds in free form and in the form of their salts, including those salts that can be used as intermediates, for example in the purification or identification of the novel compounds, hereinbefore and hereinafter any reference to the free compounds is to be understood as referring also to the corresponding salts, as appropriate and expedient.

Salts are especially the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula 1.

Salts of the compounds of formula I may be pharmaceutical acceptable acid or base addition salts with organic or inorganic acids or bases. Although the preferred acid addition salts are those of hydrochloric and methanesulfonic acid, for example, salts of sulfuric, phosphoric, citric, fumaric, maleic, benzoic, benzenesulfonic, succinic, tartaric, lactic and acetic acid may also be utilized.

Preferably, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are in the relative stereochemical conformation to each other depicted in stereochemical formulae la and Ib : The lactams of formula I may be prepared as depicted below : O R O. O Ruz H2NAN) Vil Vol vn Step A acylation OH OR5 H R R1 OR... zR7 0 0 0 R8 Vlil Step B hydrolysis v ? P H P 8 f R1) NH0NjR7 OH OH 0 R8 where each of R1, R5, Rz and R8 is as defined above.

As to the individual steps, Step A involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula VI with a lactone compound of formula Vil to obtain a diamide compound of formula VIII. The acylation is conducted in a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Alternatively, the acylation of an aminolactam of formula Vi, or an acid addition salt thereof, with the lactone compound of formula V ! ! in Step A may be carried out with in the presence of: 1) a weak base, preferably a carboxylate salt such as sodium 2-ethylhexanoate, and 2) a polar, organic solvent, preferably an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0°C and 50°C, preferably at 25°C, for a period of between 1 hour and 7 days, preferably for 20 hours.

Step B concerns the hydrolysis of the 1,3-dioxane group common to a diamide compound of formula Vlil, to obtain a substituted lactam compound of formula 1. The hydrolysis is typically carried out by dissolving the diamide in a mixture of solvents consisting of 1) a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, 2) a protic solvent, preferably water, and 3) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

Alternatively, the diamide compounds of formula Villa may be prepared according to the following 3-step reaction scheme: 0 0 t2 030 HZN N. - R1 Or5 0 0 O-pu lX vn Step 1 acylation y OH OR 5 H0R7 OH OR5 H °\\, R7 R1 N N 0 0 0T O_P2 X Step 2 hydrolysis V OH OR5 H R R1 N 000 \ OH xi acylation Step 3 OH OR5 H °, R7 OH OR0 R1HN N Zu /\ 0 t a VI [la R12 where Ri, R5, and R7 are as defined above, R12 is an appropriate substituent based on the definition of R8 above, and P2 is an alcohol protective group. Preferably, P2 is a silyl group such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl.

As to the individual steps, Step 1 involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula IX with a lactone compound of formula VII to obtain a diamide compound of formula X. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Step 2 concerns the hydrolysis of the group P2 common to a diamide compound of formula X to obtain a hydroxylactam compound of formula Xl. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of fluoride, preferably a fluoride salt such as tetrabutyl-ammonium fluoride, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

Step 3 concerns the acylation of a hydroxylactam compound of formula XI by reacting it with an acid chloride of formula R12COC where R12, is defined above, to obtain a diamide compound of formula Vlila. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as triethylamine, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-78 °C and 25 OC for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Alternatively, the acylation of a hydroxylactam compound of formula Xi in Step 3 may be carried out with a carboxylic acid of formula R12COCI where Rr2, is defined above, in the presence of a carboxylic acid coupling reagent, preferably a diimide such as 1- (3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and a suitable activating agent common to diimide coupling reactions, preferably a substituted pyridine such a 4- dimethylaminopyridine, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-78 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

The aminolactam compounds of formula la may be prepared as depicted below : H2N OH cyclization H2N N acylatiol N N NH2-- '' OH Step. la OH Steplb. OH XII Xlll XIV Step 1c silylation 0 H2N hydrolysis Pi N N p N N u, u u 1 0-P2 Step 1e o-P2 SteD 1 d o-P2 XVII XVI XV + + p OH OR5 H R O acylation N N R1 R1 J OR5 Step 1f OgO ° o-P2 VII Vll Step hydrolysis OH OR R1 ?'mNt 7 SteP 1h °2<° ° t _a O O O O O O O Step 1 h 0 0 0 V) H R< OH Xi Step 1 i hydrolysis OH OR5 H R OH ? OH t H 0 R7 I IN OH OH O p ou Ila R12 Ha where each R1, R5, R7 and R12 is as defined above, and Pi is a carbonyl-containing group.

Preferably, Pi is alkoxycarbonyl such as t-butyloxycarbonyl. P2 is an alcohol protective group.

Preferably, P2 is a silyl group such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl.

As to the individual steps, Step 1 a involves the cyclization of hydroxylysine (or any salt or hydrate preparation thereof) XII to obtain hydroxycyclolysine XIII. The cyclization is typically carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent, preferably a diimide such as 1- (3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and a suitable activating agent common to diimide coupling reactions, preferably an N-hydroxy compound such as 1- hydroxybenztriazole hydrate, and a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as triethylamine, and a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as N, N- dimethylformamide, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 40 °C for a period of between 12 and 72 hours.

Step 1b involves the N-acylation of hydroxycyclolysine Xiii to obtain an N- acylhydroxycyclolysine compound of formula XIV. The acylating agent is typically an acid chloride or an anhydride. When Pi is t-butyloxycarbonyl, the acylating agent is di-tert- butyidicarbonate. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as triethylamine, and a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as N, N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 40 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 1c involves the O-silylation of an N-acylhydroxycyclolysine compound of formula XIV to obtain a silyl ether compound of formula XV. The silylating agent is typically a silyl chloride or trifluoromethanesulfonate. When P2 is terf-butyldimethylsilyl, the silylating agent is tert- butyldimethylsilylchloride. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, preferably a mild base such as imidazole, and a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as N, N- dimethylformamide, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 40 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 1d involves the N-alkylation of a silyl ether compound of formula XV with an alkyl (defined as R7 above) halide or sulfonate to obtain an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XVI. The alkylation is conducted in the presence of a strong base, preferably an alkali metal amide such as sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

Step 1e concerns the hydrolysis of the group Pi on an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XVI. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen or a silyl halide, preferably a silyl iodide such as trimethylsilyl iodide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 minute and 2 hours.

Step If involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula XVII with a lactone compound of formula VII to obtain a diamide compound of formula X. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Step 1g concerns the hydrolysis of the group P2 common to an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula X, to obtain a hydroxylactam compound of formula XI. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of fluoride, preferably a fluoride salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 6 hours.

Step 1h concerns the acylation of a hydroxylactam compound of formula XI by reacting it with an acid chloride of formula R12COCI where R12, is defined above, to obtain a diamide compound of formula Vtll. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as triethylamine, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-78 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 1i concerns the hydrolysis of the 1,3-dioxane group of compound formula VIII, to obtain a substituted lactam compound of formula 1. The hydrolysis is typically carried out by dissolving the diamide in a mixture of solvents consisting of 1) a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, 2) a protic solvent, preferably water, and 3) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

Alternatively, the acylation of a hydroxylactam compound of formula XI in Step 1 h may be carried out with a carboxylic acid of formula R12COOH where R12, is defined, in the presence of a carboxylic acid coupling reagent, preferably a diimide such as 1- (3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and a suitable activating agent common to diimide coupling reactions, preferably a substituted pyridine such a 4- dimethylaminopyridine, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-78 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

The aminolactam compounds of formula llb may be prepared as depicted below : O O H O r 1 N NR hydroly PIiN NR alkyp OR14 k2a OH Step 2b OR12 14 xv) xv !) xvn) hydrolysis Step 2c O OH OR arylafion0/R7 RI N Ri H NN N st a 2d R1 pR5, H N N xx \ vn 2d OR5+2 vit six hydrolysis Step 2e R1 NH>R7 /7 OH OH ° OR12 lib Ilb R14 is a leaving group. where each R1, R5, R7 and R12 is as defined above, and Pi is a carbonyl-containing group.

Preferably, Pi is alkoxycarbonyl such as t-butyloxycarbonyl. P2 is an alcohol protective group.

Preferably, P2 is a silyl group such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl.

Step 2a concerns the hydrolysis of the group P2 common to an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XVI, to obtain a hydroxylactam compound of formula XVII. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of fluoride, preferably a fluoride salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 6 hours.

Step 2b involves the O-alkylation of a compound of formula XVII with an alkyl (defined as Ri2 above) halide or sulfonate to obtain an 0-alkyl lactam compound of formula XVI. The alkylation is conducted in the presence of a strong base, preferably an alkali metal amide such as sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 6 hours.

Step 2c concerns the hydrolysis of the group Pi on an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XVIII. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen or a silyl halide, preferably a silyl iodide such as trimethylsilyl iodide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 minute and 2 hours.

Step 2d involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula XlX with a lactone compound of formula VII to obtain a diamide compound of formula XX. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Step 2e concerns the hydrolysis of the 1,3-dioxane group of compound formula XX, to obtain a substituted lactam compound of formula 1. The hydrolysis is typically carried out by dissolving the diamide in a mixture of solvents consisting of 1) a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, 2) a protic solvent, preferably water, and 3) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

The aminolactam compounds of formula fic may be prepared as depicted below : H P7 H 7 /R7 p oNe Substitution iN N hydroiysi H2N P > P--Y---Y OH sten3a R13 Step3b R13 XVII XXI R1V'XN OH OR5 H R7 R1 fV N acyation R1 OR5 O O O Ste 3c Q O R13 XXIII vi hydrolysis Step 3d OH OR H O, R7 R1 N N ROI N R13 OH OH O XR13 He where each R1, R5, R7 is as defined above, R13 is an appropriate substituent based on the definition of R8 above and Pi is a carbonyl-containing group.

Preferably, Pi is alkoxycarbonyl such as t-butyloxycarbonyl.

Step 3a involves the substitution of the hydroxy group of the compound of formula XVII for a heteroatom (defined as Y above) preferably with inversion of configuration and most preferably by a Mitsunobu type reaction (reference) involving a trialkyl or triaryl substituted phosphine, an azodicarboxylate diester and a nucleophile source such as diphenylphosphoryl azide. Alternatively the hydroxy group can be converted to a sulfonate or halide suitable for displacement.

Step 3b concerns the hydrolysis of the group Pi on an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XXI. The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen or a silyl halide, preferably a silyl iodide such as trimethylsilyl iodide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 minute and 2 hours.

Step 3c involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula XXII with a lactone compound of formula Vil to obtain a diamide compound of formula XXIII. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Step 3d concerns the hydrolysis of the 1,3-dioxane group of compound formula XXIII, to obtain a substituted lactam compound of formula 1. The hydrolysis is typically carried out by dissolving the diamide in a mixture of solvents consisting of 1) a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, 2) a protic solvent, preferably water, and 3) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

The aminolactam compounds of formula lid may be prepared as depicted below : 0 O O HZN N acylation iN N alkylation N N Step 4a Step 4b XXIV XXV XXVI hydrolysis Step 4c H OR R " -0 VA R1 N N acylation R1 //\ St_e 4d O'O XXIX XXVI II XXVI I Step 4e hydrolysis OH OR, 0 R1 N N OH OH N$NzR7 lid where each R1, R5, and R7 is as defined above, and Pi is a carbonyl-containing group.

Preferably, Pi is alkoxycarbonyl such as t-butyloxycarbonyl.

Step 4a involves the N-acylation of cyclolysine XXIV to obtain an N-acylcyclolysine compound of formula XXV. The acylating agent is typically an acid chloride or an anhydride.

When Pi is t-butyloxycarbonyl, the acylating agent is di-tert-butyldicarbonate. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as triethylamine, and a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as N, N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 40 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 4b involves the N-alkylation of an N-acylcyclolysine compound of formula XXV with an alkyl (defined as R7 above) halide or sulfonate to obtain an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XXVI. The alkylation is conducted in the presence of a strong base, preferably an alkali metal amide such as sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

Step 4c concerns the hydrolysis of the group Pi on an N-alkyl lactam compound of formula XXVI, The hydrolysis is typically carried out in the presence of a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen or a silyl halide, preferably a silyl iodide such as trimethylsilyl iodide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 1 minute and 2 hours.

Step 4d involves the acylation of an aminolactam of formula XVII with a lactone compound of formula XXVII to obtain a diamide compound of formula XXIX. The acylation is conducted in the presence of a base, preferably an alkylamine base such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar, organic solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent such as isopropanol, at a temperature slightly below or at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed for a period of between 4 and 48 hours.

Step 4e concerns the hydrolysis of the 1,3-dioxane group of compound formula XXIX, to obtain a substituted lactam compound of formula Id. The hydrolysis is typically carried out by dissolving the diamide in a mixture of solvents consisting of 1) a protic acid, preferably an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, 2) a protic solvent, preferably water, and 3) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 2 hours.

The lactone compounds of formula Vll may be prepared as depicted below : . 0/. 0/. 0 HO O -O --O O HO i.. JL A diketa ! ! zat ! on 0 i i a ! ky ! at ! on 0 J. 1 houa diketalization ° a OH alkylation O J OH OH O O O O Step 5a Step 5b XXXI XXXI I Stel) 5c hydrolysis v e 0 0 0 0 oxidativ HO R H leavage O\/O O\/O O\ O Step 5e Step 5d Vll XXXIV XXXIII where R1 and R5 are as defined above.

As to the individual steps, Step 5a involves the diketalization of polyhydroxylated lactone of formula XXX with acetone to obtain bis (acetonide) XXXI. The diketalization is conducted in acetone as solvent using a catalyst such as iodine at a temperature of between 0 °C and the reflux temperature for a period of between 2 and 48 hours.

Step 5b involves the alkylation of bis (acetonide) XXX1 with an alkylating agent such as an alkyl (defined as R5 above) halide, sulfonate or sulfate ester to obtain the ether XXXII. The alkylation is conducted in the presence of water and a base, preferably a metal oxide such as silver oxide, and an inert organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated alkane such as dichloromethane, at a temperature of between 0 °C and the reflux temperature for a period of between 12 hours and 7 days.

Step 5c involves the hydrolysis of alkyl ether XXXII to obtain the dihydroxy compound of formula XXXIII. The hydrolysis is conducted in the presence of water and a protic acid, preferably a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid, at a temperature of between 5 °C and 35 C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 5d involves the oxidative cleavage of dihydroxy compound XXXIII to obtain the aldehyde XXXIV. The reaction is conducted in the presence of an oxidant, preferably a periodate salt such as sodium periodate, in a protic solvent, preferably an alkanol such as methanol, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 10 minutes and 4 hours.

Step 5e involves the olefination of aldehyde XXXIV to obtain a lactone compound of formula Viol. The olefination is conducted in the presence of an organometallic compound, preferably an organochromium compound such as the transient species generated from chromium (li) chloride and a diiodoalkane (defined as RtCHI2where R1 is as defined above), in the presence of a solvent mixture consisting of 1) a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as NN-dimethylformamide, and 2) an inert organic solvent, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of between-80 °C and 25 °C for a period of between 5 minutes and 4 hours.

Alternatively the lactone compounds of formula Vlla may be prepared as depicted below : OR. OR HOH OR'N_ R0 O O -1OR AP-OR5 XV--14, OR5 OR , O OR5 SteD 6a OR5 S6eD 6b OR5 0 0 0 XXXIII XXXV Vlla where R5 is defined above and R'is C (1 6) alkyl Step 6a involves the conversion of XXXIII to an ortho ester XXXV by acid catalyzed transesterification with an alkyl orthoester, preferably triethylorthoformate and p- toluenesulfonic acid. The reaction can be run with excess alkyl orthoester as the solvent or an inert organic solvent may be used at a temperature of between 20 °C and 80 °C for a period between 1 and 24 hours. Step 6b involves the elimination of the orthoester XXXV to give alkene Vlla. The reaction is conducted in an organic acid anhydride, preferably acetic anhydride at a temperature of 20 °C and 100 °C for a period between 1 and 24 hours.

Alternatively the lactams of formula I may be prepared as depicted below : R R1 p Rg X R1AfN+0 silylation R1AfNb° ---- ° 0 Ste&Ta OH 6 6 Step7b OP, 0 0 xxxv) xxxvn xxxvn) Step 7c cleavage to thioester S-R"' OP4 OR, R,-O O-P, OP4 Reduction to 4 Ri SIR"Ri H aldehyde Rl S, OP2 OH O Step 7e °P2 0 Step 7d XLI XL XXXIX + i 12N2, R7 acylation R1>ßN0>NtR7 deprotection R1\ CCH2o Step Y OH OH N R8 R8 R8 2 18 18 Vl XLII IH where each R1, R5, R7, Rg, and X are defined above, R"is a G (3 9) branched alkyl or phenyl substituted C (1 3) alkyl, preferably benzyl and R"'is a C (1 6) alkyl, preferably ethyl. P2 and P3 are alcohol protective groups, preferably silyl groups such as tert-butyidimethylsilyl and trimethylsilyl respectively. P4 is an alcohol protective group, preferably benzyl or 2- naphthimethyl ethers.

Step 7a involves an Evans type aldol condensation of oxyimide XXXVI with an aldehyde to give XXXVII. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a Lewis acid, preferably diethylborontriflate and an organic base, preferably diisopropylethylamine in an inert organic solvent such as CH2CI2 at a temperature of between-100 °C and 0 °C for a period of 1-24 hours.

Step 7b involves the O-sifylation of compound XXXVII to obtain a silyl ether compound of formula XXXVIII. The silylating agent is typically a silyl chloride or trifluoromethanesulfonate.

When P2 is fert-butyidimethylsilyl, the silylating agent is tert-butyidimethylsilylchloride. The reaction-is carried out in the presence of a base, preferably a mild base such as imidazole, and a polar organic solvent, preferably an amide such as N, N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature of between 0 °C and 40 °C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.

Step 7c involves the formation of thioester XXXIX from XXXVIII by reaction with an alkali metal salt of a thioether, preferably LiSEt, in an inert solvent, preferably THF, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 0 °C for a period of 1-24 hours.

Step7d involves conversion of thioester XXXIX to the aldehyde XL by reduction with a metal hydride, preferably diisobutylaluminum hydride, in an inert solvent, preferably CH2CI2, at a temperature of between-100 °C and 0 °C for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour.

Step 7e involves a Gennari type coupling of aldehyde XL with a thiovinylether to give the thioester XLI. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a Lewis acid, preferably SnC14, in an inert solvent, preferably a mixture of CH2CI2 and heptane, at a temperature of between - 100 °C and 0 °C for a period of 1-24 hours.

Step 7f involves the acylation of thioester XLI with amine VI to give diamide XLII. The reaction is conducted in an inert solvent, preferably dioxane, at a temperature of between room temperature and 100 °C for a period of 1-48 hours.

Step 7g involves the deprotection of diamide XLII to give compound 1. The method employed is dependant on the P2 and P5 groups utilized, preferably when P2 is tert-butyidimethylsilyl and P4 is 2-naphthlmethyl ether a two step procedure is employed using DDQ in a mixture of wet CH30H and CH2CI2 followed by treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF to give compound 1.

The following specific examples are intended to further illustrate, but not limit, the invention.

EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1: Tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-6-((2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)- (E)- 3,4, 5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoylamino)-azepan-3-yl ester a) Preparation of 3,5 : 6, 7-bis-O- (1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone. a-D-Glucoheptonic y-lactone (500 g, 2.4 mol) is added into 9 L of acetone in a 5 gal plastic drum. The mixture is agitated mechanically until most of the solid dissolved (15-20 min).

Iodine (60g, 0.236 mol) is added portion wise into the lactone solution over 5-10 min. The resulting mixture is stirred overnight. A saturated solution of Na2S203 (1.3 L) is added to the iodine solution to quench the reaction. The resulting solution is concentrated to about half of its original volume in vacuum, and brine solution (5 L) is added. The resulting mixture is extracted with 3 x 1.2 L EtOAc. All organic layers are combined and evaporated to dryness.

The solid is slurried with a mixture of ether and hexane (3: 7), and filtered. The filter cake is washed with Et20 (50 mL) and air dried, giving 599 g of the desired compound as a white powder (86.5%) : rH NMR (CDCI3) â 4.62 (m, 1H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.82 (dd, 1H), 3.08 (d, 1H), 1.51 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H) ; 13C NMR (CDCI3) 8 174.4, 109.4, 98.6, 72.8, 71.4, 69.3, 68. 4,67. 8,66. 7,28. 6,26. 7, 24.6, 19.3.

Preparation of 2-0-methyl-3, 5: 6, 7-bis-O- (1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone.

3,5 : 6, 7-bis-O- (1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone (719 g, 2.49 mol) is added into 4.5 L of CH2CI2 in a 5 gal plastic drum. The mixture is stirred under N2. lodomethane (2500 g, 17.6 mol) is added immediately followed by addition of silver (l) oxide (1750 g, 7.58 mol). Water (30 mL) is added to the reaction mixture. Ice bath is used to maintain the reaction temperature at 15-30 °C. The reaction is stirred in the absence of light for 18 h.

After diluting the reaction mixture with 1.5 L of CH2CI2, the solid is filtered and washed with an additional 2.2 L of CH2CI2. The undesired solid is discarded and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is slurried in Et2O (1.5 L), filtered, and dried to give 618 g product (82 %) : 1H NMR (CDCI3) ô 4. 75 (m, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.96 (dd, 1H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 3H) ; 13C NMR (CDCl3) # 172.5, 109.6, 98.5, 79.0, 73.1, 69.5, 68.6, 67.5, 66.9, 59.1, 28.9, 26.9, 24.9, 19.4.

Preparation of 2-0-Methyl-3, 5-0- (1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone.

2-0-methyl-3, 5: 6, 7-bis-O- (1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone (618 g, 2.05 mol) is dissolved in 8 L of a mixture of acetic acid and water (1: 1) over 30 min. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solution is evaporated to dryness in vacuum.

The solid is slurried in 3-5 L of hot acetone and filtered. After oven drying at 20-30 °C, 363 g of the desired compound is obtained (67.6 %).'H NMR (CDCL3): 8 4.92 (d, 1H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.47 (d, 1 H), 4.42 (t, 1 H), 4.39 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (dd, 1 H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 3.4 (s, 3H), 2.5 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H). d) Preparation of 2, 4-0- (1-methylethylidene)-5-O-methyl-L-glucuronic y-lactone.

2-0-Methyl-3, 5-0-(1-methylethylidene)-a-D-glucoheptonic y-lactone (200 g, 0.76 mol) is dissolved into a 1: 1 mixture of methanol and water (3.6 L). The stirred mixture is cooled in an ice water bath to about 8'C. Solid Na104 (213 g, 0.98 mol) is added portion wise.

Reaction is complete within 40 min as indicated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) (silica gel, 5% methanol, 15% EtOAc in CH2CI2). Solid NaCl is added into the reaction mixture to saturate the methanolic solution. The solid is filtered and washed with 2 L CH2CI2. The filtrate is extracted with 7x500 mL CH2CI2. Combined organic layers are dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to a syrup, which formed a precipitate upon addition of hexane.

The solid is filtered and rinsed with Et20. A portion of the crude product (50 g) is dissolved in 3 L CHCI3 and heated to reflux. After rotary evaporation of 2.1 L of CHCl3 at atmospheric pressure (methanol is driven out of the system by co-evaporation with CHCI3) the residue is evaporated to dryness. 44 g of the desired product is obtained as a solid after drying in vacuum overnight. 1H NMR (CDCI3) : # 9.60 (s, 1H), 4.78 (m, 1H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.15 (dd, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H) ;'3C NMR (CDCI3) 8 198. 8,171. 9,99. 0,78. 4, 74.4, 72.9, 68.4, 67.4, 59.2, 28.7, 19.0. e) Preparation of (6E)-6,7,8,9-tetradeoxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-O-methyl-3,5-O-(1- methylethylidene)-gulo-non-6-enonic acid lactone. into a 2 L round bottom flask, is added CrCI2 (50 g, 41 mmol), anhydrous THF (750 mL), and DMF (32 mL). The mixture is stirred under N2 for 1 h. A solution of 2, 4-0- (1- methylethylidene)-5-O-methyl-L-glucuronicy-lactone (12 g, 50 mmol), 1,1-diiodo-2, 2- dimethylpropane (15 mL), and 500 mL of anhydrous THF is added slowly into the reaction mixture. After the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h.

The reaction is quenched with saturated aqueous NH4CI. The residue is partitioned with EtOAc/water and chromatographed (5% EtOAc-CH2CI2) to give 9 g (63%) of the desired compound as a white crystalline solid : HNMR (CDCis) 5 5.82 (d, 1 H), 5. 58 (q, 1 H), 4.71 (m, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.10 (dd, 1H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 9H) ; 13 C NMR (CDCI3) 8 172.5, 147.0, 120.2, 98.7, 79.1, 71.9, 70.3, 67.6, 59.2, 33.2, 29.3, 19.3.

Preparation of (3S, 6R)-3- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminohexahydro-6-hydroxy-2H-azepin-2-one In a 1 L flask (5R)-5-hydroxy-L-lysine (10 g, 0.040 mol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (8.2 g, 0.060 mol) and 1- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide-HCI (11.6 g, 0.060 mol) are added to 500 mL DMF with stirring. After 0.5 h triethylamine (16.8 mL, 0. 120 mol) is added. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 48 h. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (17.6 g, 0. 080 mol) and triethylamine (16.8 mL, 0. 120 mol) are added. Stirring is continued for 16 h. The reaction mixture is filtered to remove triethylamine-HCI and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation under high vacuum to give a thick oil. The oil is dissolved in 150 mL CH2CI2 and applied to a silica gel column (150 g, 40 x 250 mm). The column is eluted with 3% methanol in CH2CI2 to give the crude product as a solid. The crude solid is dissolved in 120 mL hot CH2CI2 and cooled to-20 °C for 1 h. The resulting solid is filtered and washed with 50 mL CH2CI2. The combined filtrates are evaporated to dryness. CH2CI2 (40 mL) is added to this residue and the resulting slurry is stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature. The slurry is filtered and the solid washed with 25 mL CH2CI2. The solids are combined to give 5.57 g of (3S, 6R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminohexahydro-6-hydroxy-2H-azepin-2-one. 300 MHz'H NMR (DMSO) 8 7. 42 (1 H, t, J = 5. 1 Hz), 6.38 (1 H, d, J = 6. 6 Hz), 4.60 (1 H, d, J = 4.2 Hz), 4.07 (1 H, m), 3.74 (1 H, m), 3.32 (1 H, m), 3.03 (1 H, m), 1.8-1. 5 (4 H, m), 1.39 (9 H, s). g) Preparation of (3S, 6R)-3- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminohexahydro-6-t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxy-2H-azepin-2-one.

To a stirred solution of (3S, 6R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminohexahydro-6-hydroxy-2H- azepin-2-one (25 g, 102 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) is added tert-butyidimethylsilyl chloride (23.16 g, 153 mmol), and imidazole (10.45 g, 153 mmol). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 18 h, diluted with 1 L of water and extracted with a 1: 1 (2 x 200 mL) mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane. All organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried with NaS04, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is purified by recrystallization with ethyl acetate/hexane to give 28.5 g (78%) of (3S, 6R)-3- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminohexahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-azepin-2-one as a white solid, melting point: 65-66 °C ;'H NMR (CDC13) 8 5.86 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 5.58 (t, J=6 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 1 H), 3.35 (dd, J=6 Hz and 16 Hz, 1 H), 3.07 (m, 1 H), 1.80 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 0.83 (s, 9H), 0.004 (s, 6H). h) Preparation of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl- azepan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester To a stirred solution of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (4.0 g, 11.1 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at-78 °C is added KN (Si (CH3) 3) 2 (45.0 mL 1 M THF, 45.0 mmol) slowly. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 min, cooled to-78 °C, and 3-chloromethyl-pyridine hydrochloride (2.75 g, 16.7 mmol) is added in portions. The reaction is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h, H20 (20 mL) is added and the mixture is partitioned with H20/ether, the organic layer is separated, dried with Na2SO4 and evaporated to give a white solid, 5.0 g (quantitative) of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl- azepan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. MS (ESI) 899.3 (2M+H) + i) Preparation of (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-pyridin-3-y lmethyl- azepan-2-one To a stirred solution of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl- azepan-3-yi]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (5.0 g, 11.1 mmol) in CH2CI2 (50 mL) at-78 °C is added trimethylsilyl iodide (2.8 g, 14.0 mmol) neat. After 30 min the reaction solution is warmed to 0 °C and stirred for 15 min. The reaction is quenched with a solution of CH30H (25 mL) and NH4HCO3 (10 mL, saturated in H20), and partitioned with H2O/CH2CI2. The CH2CI2 fraction is dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to a gum and chromatographed on silica (95% CH2Cl2 / 5% CH3OH) to give 3.6 g (92. 6%) of (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6- (tert-butyl- dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-2-one as a white solid. MS (ESI) 350.2 (M+H) + j) Preparation of (R)-N-[(3S,6R)-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-py ridin-3- ylmethyl-azepan-3-yi]-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- [1, 3]dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetamide A solution of (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-pyridin-3-y lmethyl-azepan- 2-one (1.84 g, 5.3 mmol), (4R, 4aR)-4-((E)-3,3-Dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl- tetrahydro-furo [3,2-d] [1,3] dioxin-6-one (1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1. 37 g, 11.0 mmol) in isopropanol (10 mL) is refluxed for 16 h. The solution is evaporated and chromatographed on silica (95% CH2CI2/5% CH30H) to give 1.27 g (57.0%) of (R)-N- [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl- azepan-3-yl]-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-[ 1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2- methoxy-acetamide as a white solid. MS (ESI) 634.3 (M+H)} Preparation of (R)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1,3] dioxan-4-yl]-N- ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-yl)-2-meth oxy- acetamide To a stirred solution of (R)-N- [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3- ylmethyl-azepan-3-yf]-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetamide (1.2 g, 1.9 mmol) at room temperature is added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (5.68 mL, 1 M THF, 5.68 mmol). After 2 h, the solution is evaporated and chromatographed on silica (95% CH2CI2/5% CH30H) to give 0.74 g (75.2 %) of (R)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-[ 1, 3] dioxan- <BR> <BR> <BR> 4-yl]-N-((3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-2-oXo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-yl)-2-meth oxy-acetamide as a white solid. 1H NMR 300MHz 8 8.52 (m, 2H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 5.77 (d, 1H), 5.54 (dd, 1H), 4.69 (m, 2H), 4.29 (m, 2H), 4. 10 (m, 2H), 3.92 (d, 1H), 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.04 (s, 9H), 1.00 (t, 2H); MS (ESI) 520.2 (M+H) +.

I) Preparation of tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-6- { (R)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl- but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-[1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetylamino}-7-oxo-1-pyridin- 3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-yl ester To a stirred solution of tetradecanoic acid (0.39 g 1.7 mmol) and 4 dimethylaminopyridine (0.21 g, 1.7 mmol) in CH2CI2 (15 mL) is added 1-ethyl-3- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl]- carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.34 g, 1.7 mmol) at room temperature. After 30 min (R)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6- ( (E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-N- ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-yl)-2-meth oxy-acetamide (0.74 g, 1.4 mmol) is added and stirred for 16 h. The reaction is concentrated and chromatographed on silica (98% CH2Cl2/2% CH3OH) to give 0.3 g (28.8 %) of tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-6- { (R)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-[ 1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]- 2-methoxy-acetylamino}-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-y l ester as a white solid. 1H NMR 300MHz 8 8.54 (s, 2H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.29 (m, 1 H), 5.77 (d, 1H), 5.54 (dd, 1 H), 5.06 (d, 1 H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 4.50 (m, 1 H), 4.29 (m, 2H), 4.08 (d, 1 H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.25 (d, 1H), 2.27 (t, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.46 (d, 2H), 1.25 (m, 24H), 1.04 (s, 9H), 0.88 (t, 3H); MS (ESI) 730.3 (M+H) +. m) Preparation of title compound tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl- 6- ( (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)- (E)-3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoylamino)-azepan-3- yl ester To a solution of TFA/THF/H2O (3/3/2) (30 mL) at 0 °C is added tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-6- {(R)-2-[(4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-[ 1,3]dioxan-4-yl]- 2-methoxy-acetylamino}-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-y l ester (0.3 g, 0.42 mmol).

After 30 min the reaction is evaporated under high vacuum, toluene is added (20 mL) and evaporated under high vacuum to remove remaining TFA. The residue is dissolved in CH2CI2 at 0 °C and neutralized by adding NH40H dropwise. The solution is concentrated and chromatographed on silica (98% CH2CI2/2% CH30H) to give 0.2 g (70.7 %) of tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-7-oXo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyi-6-((2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)- (E)-3, 4,5-trihydroxy- 2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoylamino)-azepan-3-yl ester as a with solid.'H NMR 300MHz 8 8.62 (s, 2H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 5.83 (d, 1H), 5.42 (dd, 1H), 4.69 (m, 1 H), 4.54 (m, 1 H), 4.33 (d, 1 H), 4.32 (t, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 2H), 3.67 (d, 1 H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.94 (d, 1H), 2.29 (t, 2H), 2.13 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.29 (m, 24H), 1.04 (s, 9H), 0.89 (t, 3H); MS (ESI) 690. 3 (M+H) +.

EXAMPLE 2: (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoic acid [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-amino-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-amide a) Preparation of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl] - carbamic acid tert-butyl ester Following the procedure of Example 1 (f)-1 (h), except CH3-i is substituted for 2-chloromethyl- pyridine and one equivalent of KN (Si (CH3) 3) 2 is used in step 1 (h) to give the product as an oil. 1H NMR (CDCI3) 8 0.05 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H), 0.87 (s, 9H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.8 (m, 4H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.2 (dd, 1 H), 3.7 (d, 1H), 4.0 (m, 1H). 4.28 (dd, 1H), 6.0 (d, 1H). b) Preparation of ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-l-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester To a solution of [(3S,6R)-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-a zepan-3-yl]- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0. 85 g, 2.27 mmol) in THF (40 mL) is added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (3 mL 1M THF, 3 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction solution is stirred for 4 h, then H20 (40 mL) is added and the solution concentrated under vacuum to 1/2 its volume and extracted 3x with CH2C12 (40 mL). The combined CH2CI2 extracts are adsorbed on silica and chromatographed (5% CH30H/CH2CI2) to give 0. 568 g (72%) of ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-I-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as a white solid.'H NMR (CDCl3) # 1. 44 (s, 9H), 1.7-2. 05 (m, 4H), 3.1 (s, 3H), 3.37 (dd, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 4.31 (m, 1H), 6.0 (d, 1H).

Preparation of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester To a stirred solution of ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester (0.70 g, 2.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL) cooled to-78 °C is added NaN (Si (CH3) 3) 2 (2.8 mL 1M THF, 2.8 mmol). After 10 min trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 6-azido-hexyl ester (0.76 g, 3.1 mmol) is added neat and stirred for 10 min at-78 °C then warmed and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. NaHCO3 (5 mL 1 M H2O) is added and the solution is partitioned with H20/EtOAc, the EtOAc extract is dried with Na2SO4 and evaporated to an oil. The oil is adsorbed on silica and chromatographed (20% EtOAc/CH2CI2) to give 0.32 g (32%) of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-carbamic acid ter-butyl ester as an oil.'H NMR (CDC13) 8 1. 34 (s, 9H), 1.24-2. 1 (m, 12H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 3.1-3. 35 (m, 6H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (d, 1 H), 4.2 (m, 1 H).

Preparation of (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6-(6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-azepan-2-one To a stirred solution of [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0.32 g, 0.83 mmol) in CH2CI2 (4 mL) is added TFA (1 mL) at room temperature. After 1 h, the reaction is evaporated under vacuum, toluene (20 mL) is added and evaporated under vacuum to remove remaining TFA. The residue is dissolved in CH2CI2 (20 mL) saturated with NH3 adsorbed on silica and chromatographed (50% EtOAc/CH2CI2/NH3 then 10% CH30H/CH2CI2/NH3) to give 0.207 g (88%) of (3S, 6R)-3-amino- 6-(6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-azepan-2-one as an oil. MS (ESI) 284.2 (M+H) + Preparation of (R)-N- [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6- ( (E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2- methoxy-acetamide To a solution of (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6-(6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-azepan-2-one (0.207 g, 0.73 mmol) in isopropanol (1 mL) is added (4R, 4aR)-4-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-7-methoxy- 2, 2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo [3,2-d] [1,3] dioxin-6-one (0.3 g, 1 mmol) and heated to reflux for 18 h. The solution is evaporated under vacuum adsorbed on silica and chromatographed (CH2CI2 to EtOAc gradient) to give 0.245 g (59%) of (R)-N- [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1- methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2- dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetamide as a solid. (ESI) 568.1 (M+H) + f) Preparation of (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6- enoic acid [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-amide Following the procedure of Example 1 m) except (R)-N- [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1- methyl-2-oXo-azepan-3-yl]-2-[(4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2- dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yi]-2-methoxy-acetamide is substituted for tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-6-{(R)-2-[(4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1,3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetylamino}-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmeth yl-azepan-3-yl ester.

MS (ESI) 528.0 (M+H) + g) Preparation of title compound (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8- dimethyl-non-6-enoic acid 1 (3S, 6R)-6-(6-amino-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-amide To a stirred solution of (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6- enoic acid [(3S, 6R)-6-(6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]-amide (0.13 g, 0.25 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is added H20 and triphenylphosphine (0.120 g, 0.5 mmol). After 8 h the reaction solution is evaporated under vacuum to give a semisolid residue that is dissolved in CH2CI2 (10 mL), adsorbed on silica and chromatographed (CH2CI2/NH3 to 25% CH30H/CH2CI2/NH3 gradient) to give 0.106 g (85%) of (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-trihydroxy-2- methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoic acid [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-amino-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo- azepan-3-yl]-amide as a white solid. MS (ESI) 502.1 (M+H) + EXAMPLE 3: (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8-dimethyl-non-6-enoic acid ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-amide Preparation of ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester To a stirred solution of ( (3S, 6R)-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-azepan-3-yi)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (3 g, 12.3 mmol example 1 f) and triphenylphosphine (3.75 g, 14.1 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at 0°C is added diethyl azodicarboxylate (2.2 mL, 13.5 mmol) at a rate to maintain a temperature <5 °C followed immediately by addition of diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.9 mL, 13.5 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 60 h at room temperature in the dark, the solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue chromatographed on silica (hexane to ether gradient) to give 2.33 g (70%) of ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester as a solid. MS (ESI) 270 (M+H) + Preparation of (3S, 6S)-3-amino-6-azido-azepan-2-one Following the procedure of example 2 d) ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid ter-butyl ester is substituted for [ (3S, 6R)-6- (6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester to give (3S, 6S) -3-amino-6-azido-azepan-2-one. MS (ESI) 170 (M+H) + Preparation of (R)-N- ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3, 3-dimethyl- but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetamide Following the procedure of example 2 e) (3S, 6S) -3-amino-6-azido-azepan-2-one is substituted for (3S, 6R)-3-amino-6-(6-azido-hexyloxy)-1-methyl-azepan-2-one to give (R)-N- ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6-((E)-3,3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5- hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-acetamide. MS (ESI) 454.2 (M+H) + d) Preparation of title compound (E)- (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -3, 4,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8, 8- dimethyl-non-6-enoic acid ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-amide Following the procedure of example 1 m) (R)-N- ( (3S, 6S)-6-azido-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-2- [ (4R, 5R, 6R)-6- ( (E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2- methoxy-acetamide is substituted for tetradecanoic acid (3R, 6S)-6-{(R)-2-[(4R, 5R, 6R)-6- ( (E)-3, 3-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl- [1, 3] dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy- acetylamino}-7-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-azepan-3-yl ester to give the title compound. MS (ESI) 414.2 (M+H) + EXAMPLE 4: [ (S)-2-Oxo-3- ( (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)- (E)-3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methyl-non-6- enoylamino)-azepan-1-yl]-acetic acid benzyl ester Preparation of (4R, 4aR)-7-methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-4-((E)-3-methyl-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro- furo [3,2-d] [1,3] dioxin-6-one Following the procedure of example 1 a) -e) except 1, 1-diiodo-2-methyl-propane is substituted for 1,1-diiodo-2, 2-dimethyl-propane to give (4R, 4aR)-7-methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-4- ((E)-3-methyl-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-furo [3,2-d] [1,3] dioxin-6-one as a white solid.'HNMR (CDCI3) 6 5. 85 (dd, J=15. 6,6. 22 Hz, 1H), 5. 64 (ddd, J= 15.6, 7.5, 1.27 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (dd, J= 3.79, 2.09 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (dd, J= 7.49, 1.78 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J= 3.86 Hx, 1H), 4.02 (t, J= 2.02 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 1.56 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H), 1.04 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, 3H), 1.03 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, 3H) ; 13C NMR (CDCI3) ô 172. 8, 143. 2) 122w0, 98. 7, 79. 0, 71. 7,70. 0, 67.6, 59.2, 30.7, 29.2, 21.9, 21.8, 19.2. HRMS: calculated for (M+Na)' (C14H22OsNa) 293.1365, found 293.1355.

Preparation of ((S)-3-amino-2-oxo-azepan-1-yl)-acetic acid benzyl ester Following the procedure of example 1 h) except ((S)-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester is substituted for [ (3S, 6R)-6- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and bromo-acetic acid benzyl ester is substituted for 2- chloromethyl-pyridine and one equivalent of KN (Si (CH3) 3) 2 base to give ( (S)-3-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-azepan-1-yl)-acetic acid benzyl ester. Removal of the Boc group by procedure 2 d) gives ((S)-3-amino-2-oxo-azepan-1-yl)-acetic acid benzyl ester. c) Preparation of title compound [ (S)-2-oxo-3- ( (2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)- (E)-3, 4,5-trihydroxy-2- methoxy-8-methyl-non-6-enoylamino)-azepan-1-yl]-acetic acid benzyl ester The product of 4 b) is processed as in example 2 e) -f) to give the title compound as a white solid.

Examples 5-59 The following compounds are prepared by similar methods utilizing analogous starting materials: Example 5 MS ESI 569. 3 (M+H) + OH O H O OH 0 H 0 \/ JL N A e e OH OU Example 6 OU 0 H 0 0 OH 'N NN MS ESI 717. 2 (M+H) + OH OI-I O H N y _ N 0 Example 7 I N" MS ESI 641. 5 (M+H) + Example 8 Example 8 OH OH 0 H /_ N-'a, N MS ESI 464. 4 (M+H) + N1-11 N Example 9 O N O N I/ N"I N,-""o Ho O- zu HO oh oh Example 10 s HO 0 H MS ESI 463. 3 (M+H) + OH zon O Example 11 O p H O < tpNHN t MS ESI 542. 3 (M+H) + OH 0--Example 12 Oh 0-- H ? 0 H 0 HO Example 13 H N 1 M N MS ESI 472. 3 (M+H) + 6H-OH 0 Example 14 H O vH C MS ESI 591. 2 (M+H) + Oho 0 H N « + N "- N OH 0 Example 15 H 0 OH N _ _ Ne OH MS ESI 431. 2 (M+H) + HO OH o N OHO-H 0 -NH Example 16 MS ESI 656. 4 (M+H) + ""if rN O 0 O Example 17 OH O JL S \ N MS ESI 446. 2 (M+H) + OH OH O OH Example 18 N O. \ <DH fi < H XY eN MS ESI 546. 3 (M+H) + N,, N OH OH O OH Br Example 19 o oh N MS ESI 637. 1 (M+H) + Br \ O OH OH Ho HO A O o/o H Example 20 MS ESI 689. 4 (M+H) + O 0 Example 21 /° o oH N MS ESI 479. 2 (M+H) + n i i HO HO Example 22 N 0 MS ESI 479. 2 (M+H) + H,, 0 OH 0 OH OH N, ; N~NtN Example23 H MS ESI 472. 2 (M+H) + Ho OH /Example 24 0 0 H N MS ESI 689. 2 (M+H) + 0 OH OH 0 O OH o'O Example25 H OH OH OR O @g OH MS ESI 657. 3 (M+H) + p viz 0 Example 26 + in r N MS ESI 514. 1 (M+H) + 0 : H 0 0 OH O N,, N N OH OH 0 bH /Example 27 O N,. N NHz OH ÕH O t) MS ESI 488. 1 (M+H) + OH OH 0 Example 28 0-- Oh OH H II NH O Ho 6H (N OH 0 Example 29 OU H 0 XN g NA H MS ESI 598. 2 (M+H) + HO N H O 0 Example 30 Han H N MS ESI 642. 3 (M+H) + °\ o N OH 0 Example 31 H N H 0 OH 0 MS ESI 528. 0 (M+H) + o N .. N' N OH O'H ° Example 32 Nil N"I , N,, Ni OH OH O MS ESI 521. 2 (M+H) , 0 i ( Example 33 <Nt N/ Nq, N oH oH o MS ESI 1197. 4 (2M+H) + oa 9 Example 34 H \0 0NH MS ESI 519. 0 (M+H) + /NH OH OH O '' 0 Example 35 Oh O 9H0 NH MS ESI 393. 0 (M+H) + OH OH o OH 0 Example 36 H H NH MS ESI 398. 5 (M+H) + I OH OH O oH i Example 37 H OH OH 0 OH OH OH Example 38 ou NH MS ESI 375. 1 (M+H) + Oh OH 0 Example 39 OH 0 H /N'° NH MS ESI 401. 21 (M+H) + OH Example 40 OH 0 H Nu + MS ESI 417. 1 (M+H) + OH OH OH Example 41 Oh 0 H N NH MS ESI 359. 3 (M+H) + ou Example 42 N (NH 0 MS ESI 569. 5 (M+H) + OH OH O 0 Z O Example 43 OH 0 H" MS ESI 443. 4 (M+H) + OH OH 0 Example 44 OH 0 H y N O l v) MS ESI 459. 4 (M+H) OH Example 45 oH o ° H N N H MS ESI 409. 3 (M+H) + Il OH po H Example 46 H 09 Ho 0 H MS ESI 387. 3 (M+H) + H 0 H 0 Example 47 OH p H NH MS ESI 387. 3 (M+H) + OH OH O 6H 6H 0 Example 48 OH O H O MS ESI 549. 3 (M+H) + OH OH O 0 0"lo Example 49 H H NH MS ESI 375. 3 (M+H) + OH OH O Example 50 OU H H /N, N MS ESI (M+H) + OH OH O OH Example 51 OH 0 0 V \/l,. r NH MS ESI 387. 3 (M+H) I I OH Oh O Example 52 oh 0 H N,, NH MS ESI 371. 2 (M+H) + OH OH 0 Example 53 OH O H L MS ESI 423. 2 (M+H) + OH OH 0 OH OH O OH O~ o Example 54 H N N MS ESI 585. 4 (M+H) + Oh Example 55 MS ESI 435. 0 (M+H) PH 0 H 0 N,,,", H N zon oh oh Example 56 ouzo H NH MS ESI 387. 2 (M+H) OH OH O o Example 57 H /N NH NH MS ESI 387. 3 (M+H) + OH O O /Example 58 OH O p H , MUS EST 387. 2 (M+H) + I I 0 OH O /Example 59 OH O H O NU N (N OH OH The anti-tumor activity of the compounds of formula I may be demonstrated employing the Anchorage Dependent Growth Monolayer Assay (ADGMA) which measures the growth inhibitory effects of test compounds on proliferation of adherent cell monolayers. This assay was adapted from the 60 cell line assay used by the National Cancer institute (NCI) with the following modifications: 1) cell lines representative for the important tumor types, for example, MDA-MB-435 breast and A549 non-small cell lung, are utilized; and 2) a tetrazolium derivative, viz., MTS, is utilized to determine cell density.

The ADGMA compares the number of viable cells following a 3-day exposure to a test compound relative to a number of cells present at the time the test compound is added. Cell viability is measured using a tetrazolium derivative, viz, 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yi)-5- (3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) that is metabolically reduced in the presence of an electron coupling agent (PMS; phenazine methosulfate) by viable cells to a water-solubie formazan derivative. The absorbance at 490 nm (A490) of the formazan derivative is proportional to the number of viable cells. The IC50 for a test compound is the concentration of compound required to reduce the final cell number to 50% of the final control cell number.

The MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma line is obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and used between passages 4-20 following thawing. MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma is maintained and plated in DME/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 15 mM HEPES (pH=7.4), penicillin 100 units/mL, and streptomycin 100 micrograms/mL.

The A549 non-small cell lung lines are obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and used between passages 4-20 following thawing. A549 cells are maintained in RPMI 1640 containing 5% FBS, 5 mg/mL insulin, 5 mg/mL transferring, 5 mg/mL selenous acid, 1 nM ß-estradiol, 1 nM testosterone, 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 ug/mL streptomycin.

Cell lines are trypsinized and counted using a Coulter counter to determine plating densities.

Cells are then plated in their respective maintenance media (100 pL/well) in 96 well plates at the following densities: MDA-MB-435,3, 000 cells/well ; A549,700 cells/well. The number of cells plates as determined in preliminary experiments, results in cell densities of 75-90% of confluency by 4 days after plating. Initial cell densities, assayed one day after plating, are roughly 0.15-0. 20 absorbance units greater than the media blank. Ninety-six well plates are seeded on day 0 and the test compounds are added on day 1. A control plate is created for each cell line that receives media only in row A and cells in row B. One day following plating, test compounds are added (in a final volume of 100 uL) to the test plates. Control plates receive 10 uL MTS mixture (prepared fresh on day of addition to cell plates at a ratio of 10 uL of a 0.92 mg/mL solution of PMS to a 190 uL of a 2 mg/mL solution of MTS) and 100 uL media. A490 of control plates is read 4 h after MTS addition to determine initial cell density values for each cell line. Three days after addition of the test compound, 10 uL/well of MTS mixture is added to the test plates and A490 is read 4 h later. A490 values for wells containing cells are corrected for media absorbance, then normalized to initial density readings to determine percent net growth. IC5ovalues are determined from graphs of percent net growth as a function of compound concentration. Percent net growth is calculated as (Cell + Drug A490-Initial A490/Cell + Drug Vehicle A490-Initial A49o).

Each of the compounds of Examples 1-59 shows an IC50 value in the range from 0.001 uM to 100 uM in the ADGMA with at least one carcinoma cell line.