Documentation

Cross-Reference to Related Application

[001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Utility Application Serial No.

16/588,475, filed on September 30, 2019. The entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Background

[002] Automated Clinical Documentation (ACD) may be used, e.g., to turn transcribed conversational (e.g., physician, patient, and/or other participants such as patient’s family members, nurses, physician assistants, etc.) speech into formatted (e.g., medical) reports. Such reports may be reviewed, e.g., to assure accuracy of the reports by the physician, scribe, etc.

Summary of Disclosure

[003] In one example implementation, a method, performed by one or more computing devices, may include but is not limited to obtaining, by a computing device, encounter information of a patient encounter, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information and video encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant. A report of the patient encounter may be generated based upon, at least in part, the encounter information. A relative importance of a word in the report may be determined. A portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be determined. The portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be stored at a first location, wherein the video encounter information may be stored at a second location remote from the first location.

[004] One or more of the following example features may be included. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, a keyword. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, one of user feedback and fact extraction. Determining the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may include identifying one or more timestamps of one or more conversational turns associated with the word based upon, at least in part, attention distribution. The portion of the video encounter information may be determined based upon, at least in part, the one or more timestamps. Display of at least a portion of the portion of the video encounter information may be prevented based upon, at least in part, the word in the report. The portion of the video encounter information may be uploaded on a network to the first location.

[005] In another example implementation, a computing system may include one or more processors and one or more memories configured to perform operations that may include but are not limited to obtaining, by a computing device, encounter information of a patient encounter, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information and video encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant. A report of the patient encounter may be generated based upon, at least in part, the encounter information. A relative importance of a word in the report may be determined. A portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be determined. The portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be stored at a first location, wherein the video encounter information may be stored at a second location remote from the first location.

[006] One or more of the following example features may be included. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, a keyword. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, one of user feedback and fact extraction. Determining the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may include identifying one or more timestamps of one or more conversational turns associated with the word based upon, at least in part, attention distribution. The portion of the video encounter information may be determined based upon, at least in part, the one or more timestamps. Display of at least a portion of the portion of the video encounter information may be prevented based upon, at least in part, the word in the report. The portion of the video encounter information may be uploaded on a network to the first location.

[007] In another example implementation, a computer program product may reside on a computer readable storage medium having a plurality of instructions stored thereon which, when executed across one or more processors, may cause at least a portion of the one or more processors to perform operations that may include but are not limited to obtaining, by a computing device, encounter information of a patient encounter, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information and video encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant. A report of the patient encounter may be generated based upon, at least in part, the encounter information. A relative importance of a word in the report may be determined. A portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be determined. The portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may be stored at a first location, wherein the video encounter information may be stored at a second location remote from the first location.

[008] One or more of the following example features may be included. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, a keyword. Determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, one of user feedback and fact extraction. Determining the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may include identifying one or more timestamps of one or more conversational turns associated with the word based upon, at least in part, attention distribution. The portion of the video encounter information may be determined based upon, at least in part, the one or more timestamps. Display of at least a portion of the portion of the video encounter information may be prevented based upon, at least in part, the word in the report. The portion of the video encounter information may be uploaded on a network to the first location.

[009] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an automated clinical documentation computer system and an automated clinical documentation process coupled to a distributed computing network according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a modular ACD system incorporating the automated clinical documentation computer system of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a mixed-media ACD device included within the modular ACD system of FIG. 2 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of one implementation of the automated clinical documentation process of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 5 is a user interface of the automated clinical documentation process of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure; and

[0015] FIG. 6 is a user interface of the automated clinical documentation process of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure.

[0016] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

System Overview:

[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown automated clinical documentation process 10. As will be discussed below in greater detail, automated clinical documentation process 10 may be configured to automate the collection and processing of clinical encounter information to generate / store / distribute medical records.

[0018] Automated clinical documentation process 10 may be implemented as a server-side process, a client-side process, or a hybrid server-side / client-side process. For example, automated clinical documentation process 10 may be implemented as a purely server-side process via automated clinical documentation process 10s. Alternatively, automated clinical documentation process 10 may be implemented as a purely client-side process via one or more of automated clinical documentation process lOcl, automated clinical documentation process 10c2, automated clinical documentation process 10c3, and automated clinical documentation process 10c4. Alternatively still, automated clinical documentation process 10 may be implemented as a hybrid server-side / client-side process via automated clinical documentation process 10s in combination with one or more of automated clinical documentation process lOcl, automated clinical documentation process 10c2, automated clinical documentation process 10c3, and automated clinical documentation process 10c4.

[0019] Accordingly, automated clinical documentation process 10 as used in this disclosure may include any combination of automated clinical documentation process 10s, automated clinical documentation process lOcl, automated clinical documentation process 10c2, automated clinical documentation process 10c3, and automated clinical documentation process 10c4.

[0020] Automated clinical documentation process 10s may be a server application and may reside on and may be executed by automated clinical documentation (ACD) computer system 12, which may be connected to network 14 (e.g., the Internet or a local area network). ACD computer system 12 may include various components, examples of which may include but are not limited to: a personal computer, a server computer, a series of server computers, a mini computer, a mainframe computer, one or more Network Attached Storage (NAS) systems, one or more Storage Area Network (SAN) systems, one or more Platform as a Service (PaaS) systems, one or more Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) systems, one or more Software as a Service (SaaS) systems, a cloud- based computational system, and a cloud-based storage platform.

[0021] As is known in the art, a SAN may include one or more of a personal computer, a server computer, a series of server computers, a mini computer, a mainframe computer, a RAID device and a NAS system. The various components of ACD computer system 12 may execute one or more operating systems, examples of which may include but are not limited to: Microsoft Windows Server ^tm ; Redhat Linux ^tm , Unix, or a custom operating system, for example.

[0022] The instruction sets and subroutines of automated clinical documentation process 10s, which may be stored on storage device 16 coupled to ACD computer system 12, may be executed by one or more processors (not shown) and one or more memory architectures (not shown) included within ACD computer system 12. Examples of storage device 16 may include but are not limited to: a hard disk drive; a RAID device; a random access memory (RAM); a read-only memory (ROM); and all forms of flash memory storage devices.

[0023] Network 14 may be connected to one or more secondary networks (e.g., network 18), examples of which may include but are not limited to: a local area network; a wide area network; or an intranet, for example.

[0024] Various IO requests (e.g. IO request 20) may be sent from automated clinical documentation process 10s, automated clinical documentation process lOcl, automated clinical documentation process 10c2, automated clinical documentation process 10c3 and/or automated clinical documentation process 10c4 to ACD computer system 12. Examples of IO request 20 may include but are not limited to data write requests (i.e. a request that content be written to ACD computer system 12) and data read requests (i.e. a request that content be read from ACD computer system 12). A video snippet (or portion of a video as will be discussed below) may be included with IO request 20.

[0025] The instruction sets and subroutines of automated clinical documentation process lOcl, automated clinical documentation process 10c2, automated clinical documentation process 10c3 and/or automated clinical documentation process 10c4, which may be stored on storage devices 20, 22, 24, 26 (respectively) coupled to ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34 (respectively), may be executed by one or more processors (not shown) and one or more memory architectures (not shown) incorporated into ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34 (respectively). Storage devices 20, 22, 24, 26 may include but are not limited to: hard disk drives; optical drives; RAID devices; random access memories (RAM); read-only memories (ROM), and all forms of flash memory storage devices. Examples of ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34 may include, but are not limited to, personal computing device 28 (e.g., a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, and a desktop computer), audio input device 30 (e.g., a handheld microphone, a lapel microphone, an embedded microphone (such as those embedded within eyeglasses, smart phones, tablet computers and/or watches) and an audio recording device), display device 32 (e.g., a tablet computer, a computer monitor, and a smart television), machine vision input device 34 (e.g., an RGB imaging system, an infrared imaging system, an ultraviolet imaging system, a laser imaging system, a SONAR imaging system, a RADAR imaging system, and a thermal imaging system), a hybrid device (e.g., a single device that includes the functionality of one or more of the above-references devices; not shown), an audio rendering device (e.g., a speaker system, a headphone system, or an earbud system; not shown), various medical devices (e.g., medical imaging equipment, heart monitoring machines, body weight scales, body temperature thermometers, and blood pressure machines; not shown), and a dedicated network device (not shown).

[0026] Users 36, 38, 40, 42 may access ACD computer system 12 directly through network 14 or through secondary network 18. Further, ACD computer system 12 may be connected to network 14 through secondary network 18, as illustrated with link line

44. [0027] The various ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34) may be directly or indirectly coupled to network 14 (or network 18). For example, personal computing device 28 is shown directly coupled to network 14 via a hardwired network connection. Further, machine vision input device 34 is shown directly coupled to network 18 via a hardwired network connection. Audio input device 30 is shown wirelessly coupled to network 14 via wireless communication channel 46 established between audio input device 30 and wireless access point (i.e., WAP) 48, which is shown directly coupled to network 14. WAP 48 may be, for example, an IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11h, Wi-Fi, and/or Bluetooth device that is capable of establishing wireless communication channel 46 between audio input device 30 and WAP 48. Display device 32 is shown wirelessly coupled to network 14 via wireless communication channel 50 established between display device 32 and WAP 52, which is shown directly coupled to network 14.

[0028] The various ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34) may each execute an operating system, examples of which may include but are not limited to Microsoft Windows ^tm , Apple Macintosh ^tm , Redhat Linux ^tm , or a custom operating system, wherein the combination of the various ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34) and ACD computer system 12 may form modular ACD system 54.

[0029] Referring also to FIG. 2, there is shown a simplified example embodiment of modular ACD system 54 that is configured to automate clinical documentation. Modular ACD system 54 may include: machine vision system 100 configured to obtain machine vision encounter information 102 concerning a patient encounter; audio recording system 104 configured to obtain audio encounter information 106 concerning the patient encounter; and a computer system (e.g., ACD computer system 12) configured to receive machine vision encounter information 102 and audio encounter information 106 from machine vision system 100 and audio recording system 104 (respectively). Modular ACD system 54 may also include: display rendering system 108 configured to render visual information 110; and audio rendering system 112 configured to render audio information 114, wherein ACD computer system 12 may be configured to provide visual information 110 and audio information 114 to display rendering system 108 and audio rendering system 112 (respectively).

[0030] Example of machine vision system 100 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 34, examples of which may include but are not limited to an RGB imaging system, an infrared imaging system, a ultraviolet imaging system, a laser imaging system, a SONAR imaging system, a RADAR imaging system, and a thermal imaging system). Examples of audio recording system 104 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 30, examples of which may include but are not limited to a handheld microphone, a lapel microphone, an embedded microphone (such as those embedded within eyeglasses, smart phones, tablet computers and/or watches) and an audio recording device). Examples of display rendering system 108 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 32, examples of which may include but are not limited to a tablet computer, a computer monitor, and a smart television). Examples of audio rendering system 112 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., audio rendering device 116, examples of which may include but are not limited to a speaker system, a headphone system, and an earbud system).

[0031] As will be discussed below in greater detail, ACD computer system 12 may be configured to access one or more datasources 118 (e.g., plurality of individual datasources 120, 122, 124, 126, 128), examples of which may include but are not limited to one or more of a user profile datasource, a voice print datasource, a voice characteristics datasource (e.g., for adapting the automated speech recognition models), a face print datasource, a humanoid shape datasource, an utterance identifier datasource, a wearable token identifier datasource, an interaction identifier datasource, a medical conditions symptoms datasource, a prescriptions compatibility datasource, a medical insurance coverage datasource, and a home healthcare datasource. While in this particular example, five different examples of datasources 118, are shown, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible and are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0032] As will be discussed below in greater detail, modular ACD system 54 may be configured to monitor a monitored space (e.g., monitored space 130) in a clinical environment, wherein examples of this clinical environment may include but are not limited to: a doctor’s office, a medical facility, a medical practice, a medical lab, an urgent care facility, a medical clinic, an emergency room, an operating room, a hospital, a long term care facility, a rehabilitation facility, a nursing home, and a hospice facility. Accordingly, an example of the above-referenced patient encounter may include but is not limited to a patient visiting one or more of the above-described clinical environments (e.g., a doctor’s office, a medical facility, a medical practice, a medical lab, an urgent care facility, a medical clinic, an emergency room, an operating room, a hospital, a long term care facility, a rehabilitation facility, a nursing home, and a hospice facility).

[0033] Machine vision system 100 may include a plurality of discrete machine vision systems when the above-described clinical environment is larger or a higher level of resolution is desired. As discussed above, examples of machine vision system 100 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 34, examples of which may include but are not limited to an RGB imaging system, an infrared imaging system, an ultraviolet imaging system, a laser imaging system, a SONAR imaging system, a RADAR imaging system, and a thermal imaging system). Accordingly, machine vision system 100 may include one or more of each of an RGB imaging system, an infrared imaging systems, an ultraviolet imaging systems, a laser imaging system, a SONAR imaging system, a RADAR imaging system, and a thermal imaging system.

[0034] Audio recording system 104 may include a plurality of discrete audio recording systems when the above-described clinical environment is larger or a higher level of resolution is desired. As discussed above, examples of audio recording system 104 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 30, examples of which may include but are not limited to a handheld microphone, a lapel microphone, an embedded microphone (such as those embedded within eyeglasses, smart phones, tablet computers and/or watches) and an audio recording device). Accordingly, audio recording system 104 may include one or more of each of a handheld microphone, a lapel microphone, an embedded microphone (such as those embedded within eyeglasses, smart phones, tablet computers and/or watches) and an audio recording device.

[0035] Display rendering system 108 may include a plurality of discrete display rendering systems when the above-described clinical environment is larger or a higher level of resolution is desired. As discussed above, examples of display rendering system 108 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., ACD client electronic device 32, examples of which may include but are not limited to a tablet computer, a computer monitor, and a smart television). Accordingly, display rendering system 108 may include one or more of each of a tablet computer, a computer monitor, and a smart television.

[0036] Audio rendering system 112 may include a plurality of discrete audio rendering systems when the above-described clinical environment is larger or a higher level of resolution is desired. As discussed above, examples of audio rendering system 112 may include but are not limited to: one or more ACD client electronic devices (e.g., audio rendering device 116, examples of which may include but are not limited to a speaker system, a headphone system, or an earbud system). Accordingly, audio rendering system 112 may include one or more of each of a speaker system, a headphone system, or an earbud system. [0037] ACD computer system 12 may include a plurality of discrete computer systems. As discussed above, ACD computer system 12 may include various components, examples of which may include but are not limited to: a personal computer, a server computer, a series of server computers, a mini computer, a mainframe computer, one or more Network Attached Storage (NAS) systems, one or more Storage Area Network (SAN) systems, one or more Platform as a Service (PaaS) systems, one or more Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) systems, one or more Software as a Service (SaaS) systems, a cloud-based computational system, and a cloud-based storage platform. Accordingly, ACD computer system 12 may include one or more of each of a personal computer, a server computer, a series of server computers, a mini computer, a mainframe computer, one or more Network Attached Storage (NAS) systems, one or more Storage Area Network (SAN) systems, one or more Platform as a Service (PaaS) systems, one or more Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) systems, one or more Software as a Service (SaaS) systems, a cloud-based computational system, and a cloud-based storage platform.

[0038] Referring also to FIG. 3, audio recording system 104 may include directional microphone array 200 having a plurality of discrete microphone assemblies. For example, audio recording system 104 may include a plurality of discrete audio acquisition devices (e.g., audio acquisition devices 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218) that may form microphone array 200. As will be discussed below in greater detail, modular ACD system 54 may be configured to form one or more audio recording beams (e.g., audio recording beams 220, 222, 224) via the discrete audio acquisition devices (e.g., audio acquisition devices 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218) included within audio recording system 104.

[0039] For example, modular ACD system 54 may be further configured to steer the one or more audio recording beams (e.g., audio recording beams 220, 222, 224) toward one or more encounter participants (e.g., encounter participants 226, 228, 230) of the above-described patient encounter. Examples of the encounter participants (e.g., encounter participants 226, 228, 230) may include but are not limited to: medical professionals (e.g., doctors, nurses, physician’s assistants, lab technicians, physical therapists, scribes (e.g., a transcriptionist) and/or staff members involved in the patient encounter), patients (e.g., people that are visiting the above-described clinical environments for the patient encounter), and third parties (e.g., friends of the patient, relatives of the patient and/or acquaintances of the patient that are involved in the patient encounter).

[0040] Accordingly, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize one or more of the discrete audio acquisition devices (e.g., audio acquisition devices 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218) to form an audio recording beam. For example, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize audio acquisition device 210 to form audio recording beam 220, thus enabling the capturing of audio (e.g., speech) produced by encounter participant 226 (as audio acquisition device 210 is pointed to (i.e., directed toward) encounter participant 226). Additionally, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize audio acquisition devices 204, 206 to form audio recording beam 222, thus enabling the capturing of audio (e.g., speech) produced by encounter participant 228 (as audio acquisition devices 204, 206 are pointed to (i.e., directed toward) encounter participant 228). Additionally, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize audio acquisition devices 212, 214 to form audio recording beam 224, thus enabling the capturing of audio (e.g., speech) produced by encounter participant 230 (as audio acquisition devices 212, 214 are pointed to (i.e., directed toward) encounter participant 230). Further, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize null-steering precoding to cancel interference between speakers and/or noise.

[0041] As is known in the art, null-steering precoding is a method of spatial signal processing by which a multiple antenna transmitter may null multiuser interference signals in wireless communications, wherein null-steering precoding may mitigate the impact off background noise and unknown user interference.

[0042] In particular, null-steering precoding may be a method of beamforming for narrowband signals that may compensate for delays of receiving signals from a specific source at different elements of an antenna array. In general and to improve performance of the antenna array, in incoming signals may be summed and averaged, wherein certain signals may be weighted and compensation may be made for signal delays.

[0043] Machine vision system 100 and audio recording system 104 may be stand alone devices (as shown in FIG. 2). Additionally / alternatively, machine vision system 100 and audio recording system 104 may be combined into one package to form mixed- media ACD device 232. For example, mixed- media ACD device 232 may be configured to be mounted to a structure (e.g., a wall, a ceiling, a beam, a column) within the above-described clinical environments (e.g., a doctor’s office, a medical facility, a medical practice, a medical lab, an urgent care facility, a medical clinic, an emergency room, an operating room, a hospital, a long term care facility, a rehabilitation facility, a nursing home, and a hospice facility), thus allowing for easy installation of the same. Further, modular ACD system 54 may be configured to include a plurality of mixed- media ACD devices (e.g., mixed-media ACD device 232) when the above-described clinical environment is larger or a higher level of resolution is desired.

[0044] Modular ACD system 54 may be further configured to steer the one or more audio recording beams (e.g., audio recording beams 220, 222, 224) toward one or more encounter participants (e.g., encounter participants 226, 228, 230) of the patient encounter based, at least in part, upon machine vision encounter information 102. As discussed above, mixed-media ACD device 232 (and machine vision system 100 / audio recording system 104 included therein) may be configured to monitor one or more encounter participants (e.g., encounter participants 226, 228, 230) of a patient encounter.

[0045] Specifically, machine vision system 100 (either as a stand-alone system or as a component of mixed-media ACD device 232) may be configured to detect humanoid shapes within the above-described clinical environments (e.g., a doctor’s office, a medical facility, a medical practice, a medical lab, an urgent care facility, a medical clinic, an emergency room, an operating room, a hospital, a long term care facility, a rehabilitation facility, a nursing home, and a hospice facility). And when these humanoid shapes are detected by machine vision system 100, modular ACD system 54 and/or audio recording system 104 may be configured to utilize one or more of the discrete audio acquisition devices (e.g., audio acquisition devices 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218) to form an audio recording beam (e.g., audio recording beams 220, 222, 224) that is directed toward each of the detected humanoid shapes (e.g., encounter participants 226, 228, 230).

[0046] As discussed above, ACD computer system 12 may be configured to receive machine vision encounter information 102 and audio encounter information 106 from machine vision system 100 and audio recording system 104 (respectively); and may be configured to provide visual information 110 and audio information 114 to display rendering system 108 and audio rendering system 112 (respectively). Depending upon the manner in which modular ACD system 54 (and/or mixed-media ACD device 232) is configured, ACD computer system 12 may be included within mixed-media ACD device 232 or external to mixed- media ACD device 232.

[0047] As discussed above, ACD computer system 12 may execute all or a portion of automated clinical documentation process 10, wherein the instruction sets and subroutines of automated clinical documentation process 10 (which may be stored on one or more of e.g., storage devices 16, 20, 22, 24, 26) may be executed by ACD computer system 12 and/or one or more of ACD client electronic devices 28, 30, 32, 34.

[0048] As discussed above, automated clinical documentation (ACD) process 10 may be configured to automate the collection and processing of clinical encounter information to generate / store / distribute medical records. ACD process 10 may be configured to obtain encounter information (e.g., machine vision encounter information 102 and/or audio encounter information 106) of a patient encounter (e.g., a visit to a doctor’s office) of at least a first encounter participant, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant (e.g., encounter participant 228, 226, 230, and/or 242). ACD process 10 may further be configured to process the encounter information (e.g., machine vision encounter information 102 and/or audio encounter information 106) obtained from at least the first encounter participant, e.g., to generate an encounter transcript (e.g., encounter transcript 234) and/or generate a user interface displaying a plurality of layers associated with the audio encounter information obtained from at least the first encounter participant. In some implementations, ACD process 10 may process at least a portion of the encounter transcript (e.g., encounter transcript 234) to populate at least a portion of a medical record (e.g., medical record 236) associated with the patient encounter (e.g., the visit to the doctor’s office). Encounter transcript 234 and/or medical record 236 may be reviewed by a medical professional involved with the patient encounter (e.g., a visit to a doctor’s office) to determine the accuracy of the same and/or make corrections to the same.

[0049] As noted above, ACD process 10 may process the audio encounter information obtained from at least the first encounter participant. In some implementations, processing the first audio encounter information may include defining linkages between each of the plurality of layers associated with the audio encounter information. For example, the first layer of the plurality of layers may be an audio signal associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., complete audio of the encounter, encompassing and clearly delineating each participant), wherein the second layer of the plurality of layers may be a transcript associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., a diarized audio transcript ( verbatim ) for each participant in the encounter), and wherein the third layer of the plurality of layers may be a medical report associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., a draft medical report in the appropriate clinical output format). In some implementations, additional layers may include, e.g., the above-noted machine vision-based recording of the encounter, including various signal formats and features, and discrete, standardized, actionable data resulting from the encounter, including, but not limited to medication plans (for example, in RxNorm) or lab orders (for example, LOINC) or diagnoses (for example, ICD10, CPT etc). In the example, the signals captured from the encounter information may be processed into at least the above-noted three separate, yet closely linked and interdependent layers.

[0050] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may include an ASR portion that may process the audio encounter information producing an approximate (e.g., diarized) verbatim transcript along with alignment information indicating the audio interval corresponding to each transcript word. In some implementations, a deep learning (e.g., sequence to sequence) model associated with ACD process 10 may convert the transcript to a medical report. It will be appreciated that various attribution techniques may be employed by ACD process 10 that may effectively softly assign responsibility for a given output (e.g., medical report) word to input (e.g., conversation transcript) words (e.g. attention weights, integrated gradient, etc.) according to the model. As a result, this may provide a soft mapping from the transcript word positions to report word positions. In some implementations, the input word position assigned maximal attribution for a given output word may be interpreted as being aligned (linked) to that output (e.g., when a hard mapping is required). Based on the ASR time alignment, a word in the draft medical report, aligned to a word in the ASR conversation transcript, may now be associated with an audio time interval of the associated audio signal of the audio encounter information.

[0051] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may also may link (i.e., align) the ASR conversation transcript words with the draft medical report words. For transcript words that may have maximal attribution value for some set of medical report words, ACD process 10 may link them with the first word in that set. For the remaining transcript words, ACD process 10 may link them to the same word that the nearest preceding (or if none, nearest subsequent) conversation transcript word is linked to.

[0052] In some implementations, a visual recording (e.g., video stream of the patient encounter), if available, may also be a layer and may be time indexed and thus a given point in the recording may be associated with the same time in the audio recording and thus a conversation transcript word and draft report word. In some implementations, if discrete, standardized, actionable data is produced as a second (parallel) output sequence of the sequence to sequence model, then a similar model output attribution technique may be used to align tokens in this actionable data with the ASR conversation transcript words, and thus the audio intervals.

[0053] In ambient clinical documentation, as discussed above, the goal may generally be to create medical documentation or report from patient-doctor conversation and additional source(s) of information, such as electronic health records. The draft report may be presented to a scribe (or physician or someone else) along with the audio and its transcription for verification. This may also be done by the ACD system. Although the audio may contain most of the information required for creating or verifying a draft report, the video may also contain valuable information, especially from physical examination. For example, if the report reads “on examination of the left hand, there is edema in the 5th digit,” the scribe may want to check the corresponding video snippet to verify the digit. Uploading the entire video from the entire encounter from one (or multiple) cameras is not always practical, as it need larger bandwidth, storage space and is also a privacy concern. As such, as will be discussed in greater detail below, the present disclosure may enable the ability to detect when a portion of the video from the encounter may be relevant to a portion of the report, and then extract that portion as a video snippet for use in creation of the report, rather than having to upload the entire video to then be reviewed manually, thereby taking up less storage and bandwidth, providing additional evidence for scribing (or system report creation), and providing strong privacy safeguards by uploading only relevant parts of patient- doctor video.

[0054] As discussed above and referring also at least to the example implementations of Figs. 4-6, ACD process 10 may obtain 400, by a computing device, encounter information of a patient encounter, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information and video encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant. ACD process 10 may generate 402 a report of the patient encounter based upon, at least in part, the encounter information. ACD process 10 may determine 404 a relative importance of a word in the report. ACD process 10 may determine 406 a portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report. ACD process 10 may store 408, at a first location, the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report, wherein the video encounter information may be stored at a second location remote from the first location.

[0055] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may obtain 400, by a computing device, encounter information of a patient encounter, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information and video encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant. For instance, as discussed above, ACD process 10 may be configured to automate the collection and processing of clinical encounter information to generate / store / distribute medical records. ACD process 10 may be configured to obtain 400 encounter information (e.g., machine vision encounter information 102 (such as video) and/or audio encounter information 106) of a patient encounter (e.g., a visit to a doctor’s office) of at least a first encounter participant, wherein the encounter information may include audio encounter information obtained from at least a first encounter participant (e.g., encounter participant 228, 226, 230, and/or 242). ACD process 10 may further be configured to process the encounter information (e.g., machine vision encounter information 102 and/or audio encounter information 106) obtained from at least the first encounter participant, e.g., to generate an encounter transcript (e.g., encounter transcript 234) and/or generate a user interface displaying a plurality of layers associated with the audio encounter information obtained from at least the first encounter participant. As will be discussed below, the audio encounter information may be uploaded to a different location (e.g., to the cloud computing environment) for automatic report creation by ACD process 10, but at least a portion of the video encounter information (such as the entire video, which may come from more than one camera) may stay locally on the client device (e.g., with a certain life span).

[0056] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may generate 402 a report of the patient encounter based upon, at least in part, the encounter information. For instance, in some implementations, ACD process 10 may process at least a portion of the encounter transcript (e.g., encounter transcript 234) to populate at least a portion of a medical record (e.g., medical record 236) associated with the patient encounter (e.g., the visit to the doctor’s office), to thus generate 402 the medical record/report. Encounter transcript 234 and/or medical record 236 may be reviewed by a medical professional involved with the patient encounter (e.g., a visit to a doctor’s office) to determine the accuracy of the same and/or make corrections to the same. In some implementations, ACD process 10 may generate, on a server, the draft report for the encounter.

[0057] An example user interface (e.g., UI 500) that may be used with the present disclosure is shown. As can be seen from Fig. 5, UI 500 may include a first layer of a plurality of layers (e.g., first layer 502 which may be a visualization and/or direct play back of an audio signal associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., complete audio of the encounter, encompassing and clearly delineating each participant), second layer 504 of the plurality of layers which may be a transcript (e.g., encounter transcript 234) associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., a diarized audio transcript {verbatim) for each participant in the encounter), and third layer 506 of the plurality of layers which may be a medical report (e.g., medical report/record 236) associated with the audio encounter information (e.g., a draft medical report in the appropriate clinical output format). It will be appreciated that that each layer (audio, transcript, draft report, video, etc.) may be rendered in multiple different ways, and in the most appropriate way for a given use / preference of the end-user. As such, the specific rendering of layers should be taken as example only and not to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0058] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may determine 404 a relative importance of a word in the report. For example, creation of the medical (draft) report from the patient-doctor conversation may be cast as a sequence to sequence problem, where the input sequence is the transcription of the patient doctor conversation obtained by automatic speech recognition, and the target sequence is the generated medical report. There may be an encoder-decoder architecture with attention used. At inference time, ACD process 10 may obtain an attention distribution over the input sequence (indicating the relative importance of the words) for every word in the output target sequence. The attention weight distribution may be used to provide a link (e.g., evidence) between the generated report and the conversational audio. As will be discussed below, this may also be used to extract video snippets for some important parts of the encounter, e.g., physical examination. Generally, in an encoder-decoder architecture for sequence-to-sequence modeling, a mapping is learned from an input sequence (e.g., words in a conversational transcript) to an output sequence (e.g., words in a medical report). The input sentence may be encoded to higher level (e.g., contextual) features using, e.g., recursive neural network used with LSTM cell or via self-attention mechanism. The decoder may be an auto-regressive model, e.g., RNN or masked self-attention that generates an output word (at time step k) conditioned on previously generated output at time step k and a context vector representation. The context vector at time step k may be a weighted interpolation of encoder hidden representation over all words in the input sequence. The weights of interpolation, also known as attention weight, may be a normalized (e.g., via softmax) compatibility function (e.g., dot product) between the decoder hidden state at time step k-1 and all encoder hidden state. [0059] In some implementations, determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, a keyword. For example, ACD process 10 may determine 404 a word or phrase/sentence (which includes the word) in the draft report that may need additional video snippets as evidence. For instance, as can be seen from UI 500, medical report/record 236 says “Positive McMurray test... ” which is an examination of the knee. ACD process 10 may use a dictionary of keywords, e.g., which may include “McMurray”. Since “McMurray” is identified from the report, ACD process 10 may determine the word “McMurray” is more important relative to other words in the report. It will be appreciated that other keywords may be added to the dictionary for use to identify the relative importance of a word in the report. When contiguous words (e.g., phrases, sentences, etc.) are deemed important, the corresponding attention distribution (described throughout) may be merged to have a smoothed attention distribution.

[0060] In some implementations, determining the relative importance of the word in the report may be based upon, at least in part, fact extraction. For instance, in some implementations, clinical fact extraction techniques (that often use neural network- based models) may be applied on the generated reports to determine the relative importance of a word in the report. Generally, a medical report may consist of details of the patient (e.g., name, age, gender, etc.), symptoms shown by the patient, vital signs, findings from imaging studies such as x-rays, list of diagnoses, treatment prescribed including medication/dosage prescribed, etc. The report may also contain other details, like how the injury occurred, previous visits to doctors, etc. These medical terms may be codified using, e.g., SNOMED CT taxonomy (and RXNORM for drug names) and these may be used by computer systems as labels for medical terms. Some words in the report are more important than the others. Diagnosis need to be accurately documented and the scribe may need to verify this in the conversational transcript. One way to do this may be to match the word phrases in the report to a dictionary of important words, e.g., “atherosclerosis of right knee”. Another example way may be to assign medical facts (e.g., SNOMED CT, RXNORM) codes to the report to be able to identify important parts of the reports. Fact extraction may be done using rule based systems or machine/deep learning systems (which again may use the above-noted sequence to sequence or word tagger models).

[0061] It will be appreciated that other techniques for determining the relative importance of a word in the report may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the relative importance of the word (or words, etc.) in the report may be based on user feedback, e.g., scribe or other user requesting/marking (e.g., selecting, highlighting, etc.) parts of the report as important (e.g., when ACD process 10 misses an important section of the report) and requesting upload of video snippet information. As such, the use of keywords or fact extraction should be taken as example only and not to otherwise limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0062] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may determine 406 a portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report. For instance, ACD process 10 may determine 406 the “snippet” of video encounter information that corresponds to the word (or sentence that includes the word) in the report. That is, the portion of the video that was captured during the time when the word in the report was spoken.

[0063] In some implementations, determining the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report may include identifying 410 one or more timestamps of one or more conversational turns associated with the word based upon, at least in part, attention distribution, and the portion of the video encounter information may be determined based upon, at least in part, the one or more timestamps. For example, as noted above, for the sentence(s) in the draft report that have been identified as potentially needing video evidence, time stamps of the conversational turns that contributed to the output report snippet may be identified 410 using the attention distribution. The time stamps, once identified, may then be used to extract the video snippets corresponding to the conversational turns. In some implementations, the timestamps may be based upon a predetermined amount of time in the video before and/or after the word was spoken (e.g., 15 seconds before and 15 seconds after), as well as a predetermined number of sentences in the report before and/or after the word was spoken (e.g., 3 sentences before and 3 sentences after). This may help ensure that the entire relevant portion of the video is determined.

[0064] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may store 408, at a first location, the portion of the video encounter information that corresponds to the word in the report, wherein the video encounter information may be stored at a second location remote from the first location. For example, as noted above, it is typical that both the entire audio encounter and the entire video encounter is uploaded to a remote location (e.g., the cloud where the information is used to generate the report); however, uploading the entire video from the entire encounter from one (or multiple) cameras is not always practical, as it need larger bandwidth, storage space and is also a privacy concern. As such, to help at least save on bandwidth and storage, and because not all of the video encounter may be needed to accurately generate and verify the report, ACD process 10 may generate (using any known video splicing technique) the portion of the video encounter (corresponding to the above-noted timestamps) and store 408 it to a first location (e.g., uploaded on a network to the first location), such as the cloud (where it may be used to accurately generate and verify the report), while the entire video from the entire encounter may still be stored at a second location (e.g., locally on the client device) should it be needed in the future (e.g., where another video snippet may be requested by the reviewer (e.g., scribe) to handle cases where ACD process 10 did not accurately identify the relevant video snippet).

[0065] In some implementations, ACD process 10 may prevent 412 display of at least a portion of the portion of the video encounter information based upon, at least in part, the word in the report. For instance, subsequent object detection may be applied on the video to highlight only the relevant parts to the image, e.g., the knee for the McMurray test, and blur or otherwise censor other parts of the video shown during the test to further safeguard privacy. That is, because only the knee would likely be relevant for the report to be shown in the video, other portions of the video may be blocked out and not visible. This can be seen in the example implementation of Fig. 6, where only the portions of the video snippet showing the knee portion of the test are displayed (uncensored snippet portion 600) where the portions of the video snippet that do not show the knee (censored snippet portion 602) are not displayed.

[0066] In some implementations, the stored snippet may be linked to the corresponding audio portion in the report (e.g., in UI 500), such that when the audio portion corresponding to the snippet is played, the snippet would also be displayed as well (as shown in Fig. 6 as part of the report for example purposes only). That is, the snippet, if available, may also be one of the above-noted layers of UI 500 and may be time indexed and thus a given point in the snippet may be associated with the same time in the audio recording (corresponding to the snippet) for display during audio playback.

General:

[0067] As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present disclosure may be embodied as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium.

[0068] Any suitable computer usable or computer readable medium may be utilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium may include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may also be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer- usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-usable medium may include a propagated data signal with the computer-usable program code embodied therewith, either in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The computer usable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to the Internet, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc.

[0069] Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user’s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user’s computer through a local area network / a wide area network / the Internet (e.g., network 14).

[0070] The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer / special purpose computer / other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0071] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer- readable memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0072] The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0073] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures may illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, not at all, or in any combination with any other flowcharts depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, may be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0074] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

[0075] The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

[0076] A number of implementations have been described. Having thus described the disclosure of the present application in detail and by reference to embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims.