Technical Field

[0001] The technical field of this invention relates to the lightweight and portable shelters in architecture and building engineering.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, there are three types of shelter: 1 - Emergency 2- Temporary 3- Permanent. Emergency tents, which are part of the light and portable shelters, have disadvantages such as lack of privacy and security, lack of insulation against changing weather conditions. The tent is seldom mentioned as a comfortable means of subsistence and living, but in situations where there is a need for enclosed living space and a place to store equipment, as well as in cases where a large number of shelters are needed in the short term, there is no other choice but the tent.

[0003] Many researches have carried out to find a suitable structure and shelter to help people cope with the problems and challenges of emergency housing, such as:

[0004] 1 . In 2012, paper entitled " Transformable Shelter: Evaluation and New Architectural Design proposals” was published in Elsevier Journal. The product is a lightweight, sliding and modular shelter based on triangle geometry that can be applied for short-term use.

[0005] However, in the claimed invention, not only the cubic form for the proposed product is considered as a user friendly, but also by installing the facilities and using appropriate materials, it also tries to protect the users against various topographic and environmental conditions. The possibility of simultaneous and integrated opening and closing of the skeleton system, roof, floor, and wall shells, which is effective in the accuracy of construction and increase in the speed of construction of this shelter, is one of the factors that have received more attention in this invention. Taking into account the issue of energy storage and production, the possibility of regulating and controlling the flow of air and light also emphasizes the quality of the interior space of the claimed invention, compared to the above invention.

[0006] 2. On July 19, 2016, an invention with registration number US9394713B1 , entitled "Earthquake shelter" ("Earthquake Shelter"), was patented in the US Patent Office. This product is a protective shelter, including a container with walls and rigid panels and an access path, which must be assembled at the desired location, so they need more storage space and more time to set up.

Technical Problem

[0007] Prefabricated sheds or tents are the most common commercially available tools in the market for providing shelters following natural and anthropogenic disasters. The main weak points and disadvantages of prefabricated buildings and sheds include the high cost of moving parts and panels as well as occupying of huge space in terms of transportation and packaging.

[0008] The general disadvantages of the current shelters are insufficient security, time-consuming construction, transportation problems, lack of insulation against changing weather conditions, as well as non-standard dimensions. In many of these systems, if prefabricated, separate components are provided and must be set up separately at the construction site, which entails more time, more manpower and more cost to set up, as well as more environmental pollution after the possible dismantling of the shelter.

Solution to Problem

[0009] The invention includes three general systems, the main structure, wall shells and the roof and floor system. Among the functions of this invention can be two main functions, including providing security and providing shelter in the shortest possible time as a temporary shelter to protect people against environmental factors, as well as inventing a system of opening and closing of the skeleton, roof, floor and Simultaneously, the shells of the walls, and two sub-functions included: considering the temporary shelter as energy storage and generating unit, as well as the system's ability to provide and control ventilation and natural light to the user, inside the space.

[0010] This shelter, in addition to its portable and expandable structural mechanism, its walls (roof, floor and wall) also expand at the same time as the whole skeleton opens. As long as the skeletons and hulls of most current temporary shelters are assembled and presented separately at the required location, the nature of the integration and the simultaneous expansion and erection of the shelter (roof, floor, walls and frame) speed Increases and significantly reduces the construction time of the house and, in addition to maintaining the accuracy of construction, reduces the need for expert manpower.

[0011] In the claimed invention, while resolving the issue of separation of parts, in the process of setting up a shelter suitable for temporary accommodation and helping to integrate these parts together as much as possible, along with improving the quality of temporary shelter, using the combination and invention of several structural mechanisms, we have tried to solve it by providing the possibility of assembling and packing all the parts in this system.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0012] 1. Faster setting up

[0013] 2. Easy to set up

[0014] 3. Possibility of development and use in the future (temporary or long-term accommodation)

[0015] 4. Possibility to install walls on the structure

[0016] 5. More cost-effective than other alternatives

[0017] 6. Having cube form as a suitable and user-friendly place for users to stay and living

[0018] 7. Possibility to use designed origami cover,

[0019] 8. Possibility of expansion and integration of space

[0020] 9. Reusability

[0021] 10. Easy and comfort transportation and warehousing Brief Description of Drawings

[0022] Fig 1 : full view in open mode

[0023] Fig 2: full view in closed mode

[0024] Fig 3: Structural system in open mode, without wall shell

[0025] Fig 4: Front view of the structural system in the open mode, without wall shell

[0026] Fig 5: Structural system in closed mode, without wall shell

[0027] Fig 6: Front view of the structural system in closed mode, without wall shell

Description of Embodiments

[0028] Movable rotating panels of wall shells are used to regulate the radiation and the penetration of solar energy and natural ventilation into the living space (130). Providing natural air conditioning, with the possibility of rotating the Y-shaped blades in the panels of the roof covering system and also the role of these blades in creating positive and negative pressure for suction and evacuation of air at different angles of wind and the movable wall system, from the main capabilities of this invention is to improve the quality of indoor living space (Figure 8b).

[0029] The wall shell is composed of a series of triangular modules that can be moved and rotated by the handle (34) in general, and independently and separately by the handle (44) from inside the house. They will be able to rotate and adjust the angle to each other, in addition to providing light and ambient energy to the house, the amount of airflow required for natural air conditioning in different situations and comfort situations of residents, by changing the position of each panel Provide wall shells relative to each other. The proposed wall panels are a combination of transparent materials (46) and opaque (42) (which are composed of photovoltaic panels to be able to generate electricity in addition to providing shade when needed), which in addition to the structural role, They can pass or retain light and create a shadow on the wall of the wall shell, allowing the thermal energy from the radiation on the wall shell to be adjusted (130).

[0030] This shelter consists of three main parts. 1 : Main skeleton and structural system (140). 2: Roof system (110) and floor (160) 3: Wall shell system (130). The whole system of this invention is shown in Figures 2 and 1 , with the number 150 in the open and closed positions.

[0031 ] This system can be used as a temporary shelter, which can be transported and retracted.

[0032] Figures 1 and 2 illustrate two general modes of the home system: open mode (150) and closed mode (150).

[0033] And in the following, the main sections are described based on the classification:

[0034] In Figure 3, the structural system, without wall shells, ceilings and floors, is introduced, so that the structural system and the skeleton of the whole house are introduced separately and with the number 140. Each skeleton opening consists of a beam (64), which is itself divided into two smaller beams by a joint (60). This division allows the whole beam and skeleton to be folded and collapsed, and thus the whole structure. These beams are connected to the columns (66) by articulated joints (80) and form the main skeleton of the structure. At the intersection of the beams and columns at the corners, there is an auxiliary handle (74), which is connected to the beams on one side by a joint (76) and to the column on the other side by a plate (88). The dimensions of this plate connected to the handle are slightly larger than the dimensions of the column so that it can move on the columns, and on the other hand, it is connected to the springs around the columns.

[0035] When the springs are retracted (68), the plate moves and goes up or down with the springs. The pressure applied to the handles (74), due to the movement of the plates towards each other or away from each other and also, the connection of these handles through joints (76) to the main beam, causes these beams to be pulled towards themselves and the integrated retraction of the entire skeleton is sheltered (140). At the point where the springs meet the center of the column (70) there is a motor that moves in the direction of the column and causes the spring to contract and open (and SMA materials can also be used in the construction of the spring to make electrical pulses of the springs open and close the valve, in which case the engine will no longer be needed). [0036] With the explanations provided, the overall skeletal mechanism of the system, with the possibility of shrinking and opening the structure, is understandable. In addition, if we place the joint (76) on the four sides of the plate, by installing another system to these joints, we will be able to expand and increase the volume capacity and area of the house. As predicted, empty joints (78) allow the connection of the next module handle to the main module and thus the expansion of the system.

[0037] Once ways of construction of the main skeleton are established, it is time to install and set up the systems covering the skeleton. In order to install the movable panels of the wall shell to this structure, a structure (52) with holes in its surface has been joined by the piece (84) to the middle (70) of the four corners of the columns of the general skeleton. These columns (70) are fixed in place, do not move and their height does not change, so they are the best place to hold the movable panels of the wall shell to the columns. By placing the motor in the upper part of the middle of the columns, it is possible to make it easier to fold and open the springs around the columns. Telescopic rails (72) are installed along the horizontal axis of the skeleton so that the wall shells can be easily folded and unfolded in that direction. To create a supporting structure of the roof shell system, a telescopic beam structure (62) is attached to the mainframe, inside which there are smaller rails (82) through which the roof panels move. This movement is done by a number of gears (28), inside the rail 82 around the roof. By moving the existing gears and cables (86) inside the telescopic rail of roof 82 on one side, we can fold and open the whole roof system. The general roofing system is shown separately in Figure 7 in Figure 7. The roof panel system is divided into four sections, each of which can be rotated and moved by a handle so that they can allow natural ventilation and light to pass into the living space with more control. When it rains, in the view from the outside, the panels of the roof shell system will be V-shaped (Figure 8b) and will be placed with a very small slope, which is a very low slope, which directs rainwater. Also, in order to increase the accuracy of construction, there is an iron sheet (92) at the edge of the beams, which hits the rail (72) when the system is open and causes the rail to stand still in that opening, despite connecting the rails (72) from both sides to the column, this iron sheet is effective in holding it. [0038] Figure 8b illustrates the movement system of the roof panels from the side view. Each panel consists of three blades, which by changing the position of these blades relative to each other by rotation, the possibility of natural air conditioning and controlling the intensity and amount of penetration. Gives light into space to the user. At the points where the blades of the roof panels (20, 22, 24) collide with the telescopic structure, a rod (56) is passed through this structure, which sinks into the center of the structure itself, and by installing a spring element, At the center of the collision (58), these blades (20, 22, 24) can be retracted and re-opened at the axis of this spring element. For this purpose, a hole is provided in the movement path of the panels for shrinkage, which will facilitate this movement No. 62 in Figure 8. A belt (86) connects the entire gears of the roof panels. In such a way that by turning the handle (No. 96), the cable (86) moves and moves the gear (28) in the corner of the roof system, this belt is branched through a joint (28) and it rotates the entire gears of each panel, which eventually causes moving and rotating of the entire roof panels (Figure 7). In general, two directions can be defined for the retraction of roof panels: the first direction is in the direction of the telescopic structure 26, which can be retracted by the same telescopic structure, and the second direction is in the opposite direction or perpendicular to the telescopic structure. , So that each of these panels is converted from a Y shape to I shape and the blades of the panels are all in the same direction for retraction, which for this purpose, as described in detail in the text above, from the rod (56) and the central spring element (58) are used. By predicting a piece of the magnet (54) at the endpoint in each of the roof panel blades (20, 22, 24), it connects adjacent panels and thus prevents the formation of a hole for water to penetrate into we enter the accommodation space. The telescopic axis of the roof panels is shown in Figure 9, generally numbered 120, and its trajectory for retraction is indicated by an arrow.

[0039] The whole wall shell system (130) also consists of a series of modules, each module of which can be moved independently or together and continuously. In Figure 10, top left, the position of the wall shell in the closed state is drawn, which By moving the handle (34) and the central gear (36), by means of a belt (50) which is connected to the other gears (48) of each module, the continuous mechanism of the system in this part causes the movement of the whole gear. And as a result, the whole system moves. Each gear (48) is connected to the wall shell module by a base and creates a triangular surface (38) from the side view.

[0040] This surface is made of matte material, which also has a structural role, and the telescopic structure (40) embedded in each vertex of the triangular surfaces of the wall panels from the side view, causes these panels to collapse in line with the structure. If the user wants to move the whole wall shell system, he uses the handle (34), but if the goal is to move each of the wall shell panels independently, the user can rotate the handles (44) in the interior view. The house is built to meet your needs (Figure 1 1 ).

[0041 ] The floor skeleton system, in general, is shown in Figure 12, with number 160 and the general condition of the floor partitions, after installing them on the floor skeleton in the middle image.

[0042] The mechanism of shrinking and minimizing the occupied space of the whole floor system in the packing state, in short, consists of two telescopic rail systems in the vertical and horizontal directions, which exist to fold the floor parts. The movement of the partitions (226) on the skeletal rails is done through the wheels that are installed under them. First, the wheels under each partition move on vertical telescopic rails (222) to stop at the specified separation level, so that these separated levels also have rails in the direction of the horizontal floor structure. This time, the partitions move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the previous contraction, on the horizontal rails of the skeleton (224) of the floor, and finally, with this mechanism, we achieve the volume of the floor system in the dimensions of a square cube.

Industrial Applicability

[0043] In general, the skeleton of this temporary system is made of columns and beams connected to it, which beams can be folded through the axial joint and by installing handles in the corners of the intersection of beams and columns together and springs connected to the periphery. The columns, the ability to move, and thus the opening and dismantling of the entire main structure is given to the system. The main source of motion of this system springs, which can be made of smart materials (SMA), which are collected by a number of electrical pulses. It is also possible to fold and open the system springs by installing and rotating a number of motors in the middle of the column (70) and above the column.

[0044] The roof, floor, and wall system, through the telescopic frames and rails inside them, is installed on the mainframe, with the telescopic capability and the folding of these covering systems and the installation of gears to move it. To enable the shell surfaces of this house to open and collapse, at the same time as the main skeleton of the invention is expanded and dismantled. The hollow joints (78) projected on the columns allow the next module handle to be attached to them and thus the ability to expand the module dimensions of the proposed invention to the system.