KOVÁŘ JOSEF (CZ)
STUDIO SILFOR S R O (CZ)
VALÁŠEK MICHAEL (CZ)
KOVÁŘ JOSEF (CZ)
| WO2012153170A1 | 2012-11-15 | |||
| WO2012153170A1 | 2012-11-15 | |||
| WO2003018332A1 | 2003-03-06 |
| DE945812C | 1956-07-19 | |||
| US1647455A | 1927-11-01 | |||
| DE347443C | 1922-01-20 | |||
| US1710215A | 1929-04-23 | |||
| EP0247948A2 | 1987-12-02 | |||
| US3089530A | 1963-05-14 | |||
| US20100300587A1 | 2010-12-02 | |||
| FR2898077A1 | 2007-09-07 |
| Patent Claims 1. A tyre with adjustable properties, especially for motor vehicles, comprising a wheel rim and a tyre consisting of a tread and tyre side-walls, characterized in that inside the tyre between the rim (4) and the tread (2) and/or the side-walls (3) of the tyre (1) there is/there are a force device/force devices for a change of force transmission between the rim and the tyre comprising a coherent annular force device or individual force devices (5L - 56) arranged separated from each other around the entire circumference of the tyre (1), individually or combined with particular force devices (5i - 56). 2. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force devices (5i) of a type of an absorber or a controlled absorber or a controlled force actuator between the wheel rim (4) and the tyre tread (2) are arranged spokewise towards them. 3. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force device (5i) of a type of an absorber or a controlled absorber or a controlled force actuator between the wheel rim (4) and the tyre tread (2) comprises a coherent annular absorber or a coherent annular controlled absorber or a coherent annular controlled force actuator. 4. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force devices (52) between the wheel rim (4) and the side-walls (3) of the tyre (1) are arranged spokewise towards them and connected by means of spherical joints (7) on an annulus (6). 5. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force devices (5i) and the force devices (52) between the wheel rim (4) and the tyre are arranged spokewise towards them and connected by means of the spherical joints (7) on the annulus (6). 6. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force device (53) between the rim (4) and the tyre tread (2) comprises a coherent annular membrane spring. 7. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 6, characterized in that the force device (53) is fitted on the wheel rim (4) through a flexible absorbing part (532). 8. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 1, characterized in that the force device (53) is arranged together with the force device (54) between the wheel rim (4) and the tyre, whereas the force device (54) is connected to the force device (53) by means of the spherical joints (7). 9. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 8, characterized in that the force device (53) and the force device (5 ) connected to it are arranged in separated sectors. 10. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 8, characterized in that at least three of the force devices (53) and (54) are arranged between the wheel rim (4) and the tread (2) by means of the spherical joints (7). 1 1. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 6, characterized in that the force device (53) has an asymmetrically curved shape. 12. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 6, characterized in that the force device (53) in this case comprises a coherent annular membrane spring (53]) which has an asymmetrically curved shape, whereas there are thermally deformable parts (535) inserted in curves of the annular membrane spring (53 l). 13. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in Claim 6, characterized in that the force device (53) is on the side near the rim (4) and/or the tyre tread (2) in contact with the absorbing part (532) fitted with permeable dividers (533) and filled with hydraulic oil (534). 14. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in some of the Claims mentioned above, characterized in that the rim (4) is connected to the wheel body (11) fitted with control electromagnets (8). 15. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in some of the Claims mentioned above, characterized in that the rim (4) is split and fitted with a connecting flange (43). 16. A tyre with adjustable properties, as described in some of the Claims mentioned above, characterized in that the rim (4) is fitted with side holes (44) and circumferential holes (45). |
Technical Field
The invention concerns the pneumatic tyre with adjustable properties, especially for motor vehicles, comprising a wheel rim and a tyre consisting of a tread and tyre side-walls.
State-of-the-art
Previous solutions of a tyre are mostly based on a traditional tyre solution as a toroidal chamber with overpressure. This basic concept has been modified by various solutions of walls of this chamber (tread, side-walls, edges of a rim et al.) comprising reinforcing elements and combinations of material layers as it is evident for instance in the US document 3089530 or US 2010/0300587. However, there is a lot of suggestions of other modifications, for example divided chambers for resistance against damage for military applications, built-in spoke-based structures for finishing the drive when having a defect, a complete replacement of the chamber tyre with a spoke tyre concept. Further, other additional properties have been investigated as tyre pressure check or inflation. The basic approach to the chamber solution, if inflated overpressure is used, has not been changed. Modifications have been carried out in the chamber walls, not by application of structures inside the chamber. Generally the chamber solution has a problem with very low, virtually neglectable damping and impossibility to direct different rigidity to different desirable directions. Then these properties are often reached by changing a tyre for using a vehicle in different conditions, e.g. the urban or off-road use, summer or winter season, etc.
Modifications of wheels related to tyres have been carried out to reach better driving properties of a vehicle, especially to absorb impacts when driving a vehicle across a sudden obstacle, as evident e.g. in documents WO 2012/153170, WO 03/018332 and FR 2898077, by building-in additional flexible elements between an inner wheel hub and the tyre itself. These solutions are often called non-pneumatic tyre in contradiction to this invention application.
The aim of this invention is to make it possible to enhance properties of a tyre especially for eliminating problems with tyre vibrations shapes and eliminating rippling of the tyre tread and sides to reduce running resistance; it is reached by means of various structural constructions, both passive ones and actively actuator-driven and sensor-controlled ones. These properties could physically solve concepts of controlled vehicle chassis achieved only by controlling the suspension (sky hook, ground hook, etc.) during driving a vehicle in a large variety of road and off-road conditions.
Subject Matter of the Invention
The subject matter of the pneumatic tyre with adjustable properties, especially for motor vehicles, consisting of a wheel rim and a tyre comprising a tyre tread and side-walls lies in that inside the tyre between the rim and the tyre tread and/or the side-walls there is/there are force device/s for force transmission change between the rim and the tyre arranged comprising a coherent annu!ar force device or individual force devices separated one from another and arranged in a spokewise way around the whole tyre circumference.
Force devices of a type of an absorber or a controlled absorber or a controlled force actuator between a wheel rim and a tyre tread are in a spokewise arrangement, in case of need a force device of a type of an absorber or a controlled absorber or a controlled force actuator between a wheel rim and a tyre tread comprises a coherent annular absorber or a coherent annular controlled absorber or a coherent annular controlled force actuator.
Force devices between a wheel rim and a tyre are arranged spokewise towards them and are connected by means of spherical joints on an annul us.
Alternatively, a force device between a rim and a tyre tread comprises a coherent annular membrane spring placed on a wheel rim through a flexible absorbing part.
When using more force devices, these are connected by means of spherical joints with a possible arrangement in separated sectors.
Force devices can have an asymmetrically curved shape, whereas thermally deformable parts can be inserted in curves of the annular membrane spring.
An advantage of this tyre is its inner adjustable whole-space dynamics with an adjustable characteristics, where the material or the inner space of the tyre is significantly used for absorption, which is given by the fact that absorbing and/or force elements work not only in a phase of contact of the particular part of the tyre with a road (they are downwards from the wheel axis), but also in a phase, when the particular part of the tyre is not in contact with a road (they are upwards from the wheel axis). Owing to elimination of the tyre rippling the rolling resistance decreases in these wheels as well. The toroid of the tyre can be affected also through elements which go round a wheel disk, for instance a radially loaded membrane.
A synergy of an effect of a casing of a toroidal hollow and absorbing elements inside the tyre moves the absorption frequency to the frequency field of the vehicle kinematics - an axle, a frame.
A conventional tyre as a pressurized toroidal chamber is not able to eliminate operational frequencies ail over during driving a vehicle in a large spectrum of road and off-road conditions.
Control of adjustable properties of the tyre is performed by a computer.
Review of the Figures in the Drawings In attached figures
1 — 14 there are schematic depictions of particular embodiments of a tyre with adjustable properties as described in the invention and in figures
15 - 17 there are schematic depictions of possible methods of modifications of a tyre for installation of force devices.
Examples of the Embodiments of the Invention
The described embodiments of a tyre with adjustable properties are always based on an arrangement of force devices 5^ - 5. 6 in a common one-piece space of a tyre.
In Fig. 1 there is a depiction of a basic embodiment of a tyre with adjustable properties. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of a tyre i on a wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of a set of force devices 5^ of a type of an absorber or a controlled absorber or a controlled force actuator between the wheel rim 4 and a tread 2 of the tyre I. The force devices 5 L are arranged spokewise in an annulus 6. In this case the force devices 54 comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force device 5i can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission between the tread 2 of the tyre !i which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4^ which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties or a controlled force actuator. An example can be a set of absorbers with controlled absorbing properties. The control can be realized through magnetic field acting on magnetorheological fluid filled in the absorber or in the force device 5χ, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the vehicle chassis suspension control. This is another controlled element in such a system. The force devices 5i represent a physical realization of a ground hook concept for the controlled suspension.
In Fig. 2 there is a depiction of another basic embodiment of a tyre with adjustable properties. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device 5^ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre 1. In this case the force device 5 j comprises a coherent annular absorber with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force device 5^ can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission between the tread 2 of the tyre i, which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4, which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be again a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties. An example can be filling the coherent annular absorber with magnetorheological fluid the absorbing properties of which are controlled by an external magnetic field, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the vehicle chassis suspension control. This is another controlled element in such a system. The force devices 5 represent a physical realization of a ground hook concept for the controlled suspension.
The annulus 6 shown in Figs. 1, 2 and as depicted in Fig. 5 is merely virtual, so an imaginary annulus; in other figures, where it is depicted, thus in Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, the annulus 6 is formed by a physical component.
In Fig 3 there is a depiction of another basic embodiment of a tyre with adjustable properties. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre \ on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of a set of force devices 5^ between the wheel rim 4 and the side-walls 3 of the tyre \. The force devices 5g are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6 on spherical joints 7 between the annulus 6 and the both side-walls 3 of the tyre 1_. In this case the force devices comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle transverse dynamics. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force device 5¾ can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission between the side-walls 2 and subsequently the tread 2 of the tyre 1, which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4, which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties. An example can be a set of absorbers with controlled absorbing properties. The control can be realized through magnetic field acting on magnetorheological fluid filled in the absorber, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the vehicle chassis transverse dynamics control. Advantageously, when maneuvering a vehicle in various ways, the outer and inner wheels and/or the front or the rear wheels can be controlled in various ways. This is another controlled element in such a system.
In Fig. 4 there is a depiction of a combination of the embodiments of a tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 1 and Fig 3. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of a set of force devices, in this case the force devices 5^ between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre I and the force devices 5 between the wheel rim 4 and the side-walls 3 of the tyre L The force devices 5 and 5 are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6 on the spherical joints 7 towards the tread 2 and the both side-walls 3 of the tyre 1_. In this case the force devices 5 [ and 5¾ comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension and transverse dynamics. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force devices 5^ and 5^ can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission between the tread 2 and indirectly between the side-walls 3 and subsequently the tread 2 of the tyre, which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4, which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties. An example can be a set of absorbers with controlled absorbing properties. The control can be realized through magnetic field acting on magnetorheological fluid filled in the absorber, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the control of the suspension and transverse dynamics of the vehicle chassis, for example understeering or oversteering. This is another controlled element in such a system.
In Fig. 5 there is a depiction of a possible control of magnetorheological fluid in the force devices ^ for the embodiment depicted in Fig. 1. These are three combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre 1 on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of a set of force devices 5χ between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre I. The force devices 5^ are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6. In this case the force devices 5^ comprise absorbers containing magnetorheological fluid. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. The force devices 5 L comprising absorbers filled with magnetorheological fluid are subjected to magnetic field created by a set of control electromagnets 8 arranged on a similar annulus as the force devices 5i and connected by the feeding electric power lines 9 with controlled electric power supply units 10. Not all the feeding electric power lines 9 and not all the controlled electric power supply units 10 are depicted in Fig. 5. The control electromagnets 8 are arranged on a wheel body Π. together with power supply. Their controlled magnetic field controls from outside the absorbing properties of the force devices 5 moving around.
In Fig. 6 there is a depiction of another basic embodiment of a tyre with adjustable properties. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre i on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device 5j comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre \. In this case the force device 5 j changing the complex properties of the vehicle suspension comprises a coherent annular membrane spring 5¾χ with an appropriately adjusted characteristic and with the flexible attachment 5¾ to the wheel rim 4 and or with absorption as well. Rigidity and/or also absorption in this spring changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between a road and a vehicle with a proper ratio of rigidity change between the radial and lateral direction, which can be asymmetric.
In Fig. 7 there is a depiction of a variant of the embodiment of a tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 4. Instead of a set of the force devices 5χ and 5¾ there are coherent force devices 5 j and 5± of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of the force device 5^ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in the annulus 6 between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre I and with the force device 54 of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator arranged coherently in the annulus between the wheel rim 4 and side-walls 3 of the tyre \. The force devices 5^ and 5,4 are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6 on the coherent spherical joint 7 towards the tread 2 and the both side-walls 3 of the tyre I . In this case the force devices 5 and 5. comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension and transverse dynamics. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force device 5^ and 5^ can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission directly between the tread 2 and indirectly between the side-walls 3 and subsequently the tread 2 of the tyre, which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4 which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties. An example can be a set of absorbers with controlled absorbing properties. The control can be realized through magnetic field acting on magnetorheological fluid filled in the absorber, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the control of the suspension and transverse dynamics of the vehicle chassis, for example understeering or oversteering. This is another controlled element in such a system.
In Fig. 8 there is a depiction of a variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 7. Instead of the coherent force devices 5 3 and 5 4 of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator there are force devices 5s and 5 & of a type of a split annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements. A split annular membrane spring means that the annular membrane spring comprising the force devices 5^ and 5& is not arranged on the annulus 6 coherently, but it forms individual separated sectors. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre i on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of the force device 5j comprising a mechanical element arranged sectionally in the annulus 6 between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre 1 and with the force device 5 & of a type of a split annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements arranged sectionally in the annulus between the wheel rim 4 and side-walls 3 of the tyre 1. Preferably the arrangements of the force devices 5j and 5^ on the annulus 6 are alternating. The force devices 5$ and 5 έ are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6 on the spherical joint 7 for the connection with the tread 2 and the both side-walls 3 of the tyre \ . In this case the force devices 5^ and 5 $ comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension and transverse dynamics. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road. Though, the force device 5^ and 5 & can comprise other types of devices which change the force transmission directly between the tread 2 and indirectly between the side-walls 3 and subsequently the tread 2 of the tyre, which is in contact with a road, and the wheel rim 4 which transmits the force to the vehicle chassis. This can be a combination of a spring and an absorber or an element with controlled properties. An example can be split annular absorbers with controlled absorbing properties. The control can be realized through magnetic field acting on magnetorheological fluid filled in the absorber, or directly by electrical control voltage acting on the actuator. The control method can be similar to the control of the suspension and transverse dynamics of the vehicle chassis, for example understeering or oversteering. This is another controlled element in such a system.
In Fig. 9 there is a depiction of a variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 7. Again there are coherent force devices 5 and 5 $ of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator. Compared to the arrangement in Fig. 7 the force devices 5^ are branched. These are two combined views in cross-sections, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of the force devices 5 comprising mechanical elements arranged coherently in the annulus 6 between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre \ and with the force devices 5 4 of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator arranged coherently in the annulus between the wheel rim 4 and side-walls 3 of the tyre J.. The force devices 5^ and 5 4 are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6 on the coherent spherical joint 7 towards the tread 2 and the both side-walls 3 of the tyre 1. In this case the force devices 5j and 5 $ comprise absorbers with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension and transverse dynamics. Absorption in these absorbers changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between the vehicle and a road similarly as depicted in Fig 7.
In Fig. 10 there is a depiction of a variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 9. Force devices 5^ and 5_4 of a type of a coherent annular membrane spring with possible absorbing elements or a coherent absorber or a coherent controlled absorber or a coherent controlled force actuator are more branched here in comparison with the arrangement depicted in Fig. 9. The force devices 5^ are arranged spokewise around one of the spherical joints 7 and the force devices 5¾ are connected to the other spherical joint 7.
In Fig. 11 there is a depiction of a variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 6. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device 5^ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre I. In this case the force device ¾ comprises a coherent annular membrane spring with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension. The annular membrane spring 5 has an asymmetrically curved shape which allows easy creating of an asymmetrical characteristic of the force device 5j rigidity. Rigidity in this spring changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between a road and a vehicle with a proper ratio of rigidity change between the radial and lateral direction, which can even be asymmetric.
In Fig. 12 there is a depiction of another variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 6. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre ]_ on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device ½ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre \ . In this case the force device 5 j comprises a coherent annular membrane spring 5M with absorption with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension. The annular membrane spring 5^ is in connection with the tread 2 of the tyre 1 through the absorbing part The absorbing part 532 comprises a space filled with hydraulic oil 5¾ for the most part and divided by permeable dividers 5^ to individual parts between which the hydraulic fluid is forced through when the tread 2 is moving towards the wheel rim Thus the absorption occurs. Rigidity and absorption in this force device 5 3 changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre between a road and a vehicle with a proper ratio of a change of rigidity and absorption between the radial and lateral direction, which can even be asymmetric. The solution depicted in Fig. 12 is a passive one. The absorbing part 5^ connected to the tread 2 of the tyre i can be filled with magnetorheological fluid and controlled from outside with the help of the control electromagnets 8 as shown in Fig. 5.
In Fig. 13 there is a depiction of a different variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 6. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device ½ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre 1. In this case the force device 5¾ comprises a coherent annular membrane spring 5^ which has an asymmetrically curved shape in order to achieve an appropriately adjusted characteristic. In curves of the annular membrane spring there are thermally deformable parts 5^ inserted which change flexibly absorbing properties of the force device 5 ¾ according to temperature. Rigidity and possibly absorption in this force device changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre i between a road and a vehicle with a proper ratio of the rigidity change between the radial and lateral direction, which can be even asymmetric. The parts 5^ of the force device 5^ can be also filled with hydraulic oil in order to achieve passive absorption or with magnetorheological fluid in order to achieve absorption controlled from outside with the help of control electromagnets 8 as shown in Fig. 5. In Fig. 14 there is a depiction of an alternative variant of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig 12. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre 1 on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with the force device 5^ comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre J.. In this case the force device 5j comprises a coherent annular membrane spring 53j, with absorption with an appropriately adjusted characteristic which changes the complex properties of the vehicle suspension. Absorption is not on the side of the connection of the force device 5j to the tread 2, but on the side of the connection of the force device 5 to the wheel rim 4 through the absorbing part 5^. The absorbing part 5¾ comprises a space filled with hydraulic oil 5 34 for the most part and divided by permeable dividers 5^ to individual parts between which the hydraulic fluid is forced through when the tread 2 is moving towards the wheel rim 4. Thus the absorption occurs. Rigidity and absorption in this force device ¾ changes a time behavior of the force transmitted through the tyre I between a road and a vehicle with a proper ratio of a change of rigidity and absorption between the radial and lateral direction, which can be asymmetric. The solution depicted in Fig. 14 is a passive one. The absorbing part 3 32 connected to the wheel rim 4 can be filled with magnetorheological fluid and controlled from outside with the help of the control electromagnets 8 as shown in Fig. 5.
In the figures hereof the absorber can comprise a passive traditional absorber or a controlled absorber with controlled adjustable properties and/or a force element the power of which (damping or actuating) is controlled and a coherent mechanical element can comprise a coherent annular membrane spring or a coherent annular absorber or a coherent annular controlled absorber with controlled adjustable properties or a coherent annular force element the power of which (damping or actuating) is controlled.
In the following three figures a possible method for mounting the tyre I with the force device \ - 5& onto the wheel rim 4 is shown.
In Fig. 15 there is a depiction of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig. 6, where assembly is carried out with the help of the wheel rim 4 split to two parts, a basic part 4 j and an additional part 4 ¾ connected by a flange 4j with bolts. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre \ on the wheel rim 4. In Fig. 15 there is the force device 5j depicted comprising a mechanical element arranged coherently in an annulus between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre L The mounting is carried out this way: in the first phase the tyre i is mounted on the basic part 4 of the wheel rim 4 as depicted in figure on the left. In the second phase, the force device 5 is put through the opening originated after dismounting the additional part 4_ 2 of the wheel rim 4 and attached to the groove in the basic part of the rim 4 A ; the force device 5 comprises the coherent annular membrane spring 5^ and its flexible and absorbing attachment by means of the part 5^ to the basic part 4^ of the wheel rim. In the third phase the additional part 4^ of the wheel rim is mounted-on and both parts are connected by bolts with the flange 4^ as depicted in figure on the right. Finally the tyre is inflated. In the coherent annular membrane spring 5^ there are holes for compressed air to go through the inner spaces of the tyre i separated by this coherent annular membrane spring 5 3 .
In Fig. 16 there is a depiction of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig. 1, where assembly of the tyre I with the force device 5 Χ is carried out with the help of side holes 4± and circumferential holes 4 j in the wheel rim 4L These are two combined views in cross-sections in the figure on the right, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4.
The mounting is carried out this way: in the first phase shown in the figure on the left the tyre 1 with multiple force devices 5χ attached to the tread 2 of the tyre 1 is mounted onto the basic part of the wheel rim 4^ The force devices 5i get fitted into the groove of the wheel rim 4 as necessary. In the second phase shown in the figure on the right, through the side holes 4 4 and the circumferential holes 4_s of the wheel rim 4 the force devices 5^ are gradually placed spokewise with their inner parts 5^ towards the wheel rim 4 and then the rim 4 is sealed. Subsequently, the tyre is inflated.
In Fig. 17 there is a depiction of the embodiment of the tyre with adjustable properties depicted in Fig. 1, where assembly is carried out with the help of mounting flanges 13. This is a cross-section view, where there is a vehicle wheel consisting of the tyre I on the wheel rim 4. This traditional arrangement is complemented with an arrangement of a set of force devices 5^ between the wheel rim 4 and the tread 2 of the tyre J_. The force devices 5 j are arranged spokewise in the annulus 6.
The mounting is carried out this way: in the first phase the tyre 1 with force elements 5i is attached by the tread 2 to the mounting flange 13 and is expanded in one direction by acting of forces F. In the second phase the tyre I deformed in this way is mounted onto the wheel rim 4 together with the force devices 5^. In this mounting phase it is further possible to use auxiliary mounting flanges 14 and to deform also the side-wall 3 of the tyre i in the radial way with the help of forces Fi in order to facilitate the assembly when fitting the tyre side-wall 3 over the edge of the wheel rim 4_. The formed opening can be also used for handling the force devices 5^ inside the tyre 1 in order to fit them in place on the wheel rim 4. Follow-up is the mounting in other direction F, until the assembly is carried out in all directions. In the third phase the forces F, possibly Fi, are released and the force devices 5i and the tyre I get fitted in their place and attached to the wheel rim 4. Subsequently, the mounting flange jJL in case of need the auxiliary mounting flange 14, is removed and the tyre is inflated.
From the described above it is evident that the assembly of the tyre with adjustable properties is more difficult than that of the traditional tyre, but such a wheel brings- in a lot of advantages not achievable either at all or not with one tyre without a change.
The above described embodiments of the tyre with adjustable inner whole-space characteristic can be used for a lot of various improvements of vehicle dynamics. This is a tyre with a structured inner dynamics which can be adjustable by adaptation or control. It is possible to create a vehicle tyre with inner absorption for functions based on a ground hook, a tyre with compensation of a lateral force in order to improve directional characteristics of wheels, it is possible to compensate variable external conditions as temperature, rotational speed, road surface (highways, urban areas, off-road terrain), weather, season of the year. Vehicle tyre properties can vary according to a position during a maneuver, for example whether this is an outer or inner wheel on the vehicle trajectory etc. With the help of the force devices 5^ - it is possible to adjust and even to control vehicle chassis vibration shapes, e.g. to replace torsion stabilizers, hydraulic connections of tyre absorption according to a kind of vehicle maneuvers etc.
The force devices 5 - 5^ can be made of various materials and their combinations, e.g. polymers, shape-memory metals, bimetals, thermally expandable materials, magnetorheological fluids, etc. The force devices 5χ - 5^ can comprise actuators as well.
Various combinations of the above described force devices can be used for the pneumatic tyre with adjustable properties.