RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Technical Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a novel human respiratory face piece mask and materials to capture and kill the breathed air from virus Particulate Matter (PM) less than PM10 which is a mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air.

Materials used to catch virus Nano Particles from respiratory air are: Wet fine fabrics filter cloth moisturised with Water - Soap based solution. The wet filter layer is installed inside the mask between outer and inner layers in Mechanical filter respirators disposable masks. In Chemical cartridge/gas mask it is installed inside the cartridge as filter elements.

The invention is designed to capture and kill virus particles during human vital process - Breathing!

Background of the Invention

What is breathing? Inhalation and exhalation are how your body brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The process gets help from a large dome-shaped muscle under your lungs called the diaphragm.

When you breathe in, your diaphragm pulls downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of air into your lungs. The opposite happens with exhalation: Your diaphragm relaxes upward, pushing on your lungs, allowing them to deflate.

What is a Particulate Matter (PM)?

Types of atmospheric particles include suspended particulate matter, thoracic and respirable particles, inhalable coarse particles, which are coarse particles with a diameter between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (pm) (PM10), fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 pm or less (PM2.5), ultrafme particles, and soot.

Particle Pollution and Health! Breathing in particle pollution can be harmful to your health. Coarse (bigger) particles, called PM10, can irritate your eyes, nose, and throat. ... Fine (smaller) particles, called PM2.5, are more dangerous because they can get into the deep parts of your lungs — or even into your blood.

Human breathing system filters inhaled air by nasal hair fibers. Nasal breathing cannot catch particulate matter less than PM10.

What are the main respiratory viruses?

Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses make up a large family of viruses that can infect birds and mammals, including humans, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Common Cold

The virus can live in the air and get in your body through your mouth, eyes, or nose. However, more than 200 different viruses may cause the common cold.

Influenza

A seasonal, respiratory infection, flu is responsible for about 3 million to 5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths a year across the globe, according to the World Health Organization.

Pneumonia

Your lungs contain hundreds of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause an infection that inflames these sacs so that they fill with fluid or pus.

Airborne diseases

An airborne disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens that can be transmitted through the air by both small, dry particles, and as larger liquid droplets.

Vector ( eyidemiolosv )

In epidemiology, a disease vector is any agent which carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism; most agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as intermediate parasites or microbes, but it could be an inanimate medium of infection such as dust particles.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vector-borne diseases such as malaria, Zika, dengue or yellow fever cause more than 1 million deaths globally each year. What are the main respiratory air pollutants?

Primary air pollutants are directly emitted into the atmosphere e.g. from vehicle exhausts or chimneys.

PM Particulate Matter (primary) - A mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. PM10 refers to particles with a diameter larger than 2.5 micrometers and smaller than 10 micrometers. PM2.5 refers to fine particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers and smaller. Both types can easily be inhaled.

> Primary air pollutants are: S02 - Sulphur Dioxide, NOx - Nitrogen (di)oxide, NH3- Ammonia and VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds. (1) Secondary air pollutants are formed in the atmosphere through oxidation and reactions between primary air pollutants.

Why are air pollutants a problem?

Air Pollutants have effect directly to human health, materials, agriculture and the environment.

In the International patent document No. WO2019195792 (Al) of the known state of the art, A personal protective mask includes a mask body having an expandable section that is positioned between the top and bottom ends of the mask. An adhesive material is positioned on the inside surface of the mask along the outer periphery. The adhesive comprises skin safe adhesive for creating an air tight seal between the mask and the face of a wearer. The mask includes a nose clip, a sweat band and at least one headband. The mask is constructed in accordance with N95 standards, and the expandable section transitions between a contracted and expanded state, to conform to the movements of the user's jaw. The expandable section includes two folds and a middle section. The folds move linearly about each other so as to prevent deformation of the mask outward from the user's face. In the Chinese patent document No. CN106102863 (A) of the known state of the art, A protective mask comprises an ultrafme fibrous coating comprising partially gelled submicron fibers interweaved with nanofibers and a biocide encapsulated in, surface-attached onto, blended with, physically trapped, and/or chemically linked to said submicron fibers and nanofibers. In an example, a micro fibrous substrate with the coating assembles with other micro fibrous substrates to form a protective mask having N95 level of protection and bacteria-killing capability.

Current situation

As a result of researches based on production of respiratory masks, it has been observed that masks are made mainly from Common Fabric Cloth Materials. Filtering face piece (dust masks) are generally made directly from a cloth -like filter material.

Chemical cartridge/gas mask respirators can be made from a variety of materials. The most popular face piece materials are silicone, neoprene, and rubber.

Air-purifying respirators are used against particulates, gases, and vapors that are at atmospheric concentrations less than immediately dangerous to life and health.

A surgical mask is a loose-fitting, disposable device that creates a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of the wearer and potential contaminants in the immediate environment. If worn properly, a surgical mask is meant to help block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter that may contain viruses and bacteria. Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of the wearer's saliva and respiratory secretions to others. ^[1]

The N95 is the USA equivalent of the European P2 and P3 masks with the P3 offering the higher protection. ... Masks are intended for use in infection control practices. The PI disposable dust respirators are suitable for protection against mechanically generated particles to 1 micron, such as dust and mist. Mechanical filter respirators retain particulate matter such as dust created during woodworking or metal processing, when contaminated air is passed through the filter material. Wool is still used today as a filter, along with plastic, glass, cellulose, and combinations of two or more of these materials. Single-use, disposable and replaceable cartridge models exist. ^[1] A substantial advance in mechanical filter technology was [when?] the HEPA filter. A HEPA filter can remove as much as 99.97% of all airborne particulates with aerodynamic diameter of 0.3 pm, particles both smaller and larger are removed with an efficiency >99.97%. ^[1]

Considering only particulates carried on an air stream and a fiber mesh filter, diffusion predominates below the 0.1 pm diameter particle size. Impaction and interception predominate above 0.4 pm. In between, near the 0.3 pm most penetrating particle size, diffusion and interception predominate. ^[1]

None of these described filters can catch particles smaller than 0.3 pm and kill viruses.

Problem Solving with Physics and Chemistry Theory of particles Adhesion at a solid / liquid / gas interface is controlled by the surface forces and fluid dynamics of the system. Adhesion occurs when a bubble, droplet, or particle of material transfers to and remains at the interface of two other materials due to surface forces. The adhering species has a greater affinity for residing at the interface than for either of the other two phases. The ability of a solid particle to attach to a bubble surface in a liquid is dependent upon the surface properties of the system. For adhesion to occur, a three-phase contact must exist such that the attractive and repulsive forces of the solid species are in equilibrium. Often, the liquid is an aqueous solution and the bubbles consist of air. An adhering particle will therefore be at least slightly hydrophobic; that is, it will prefer the air phase to the water phase. What is a Virus?

Scientifically explained that viruses tend to be made up of three things: A nucleic acid genome (their genetic material: DNA or RNA). Protein, which encases the nucleic acid and aids viral replication inside a host body. A fatty outer layer of lipids. Soap is one of the most effective ways to get rid of all kind of viruses including corona viruses like COVID-19.

It dissolves the fatty layer that coats coronaviruses.

Why does soap work so well on the new coronavirus and, indeed, most viruses? Because it is a self-assembled nanoparticle in which the weakest link is the lipid (fatty) bilayer. Soap dissolves the fat membrane, and the virus falls apart like a house of cards and “dies,” or rather, it becomes inactive as viruses aren’t really alive. Viruses can be active outside the body for hours, even days.

Disinfectants, or liquids, wipes, gels and creams containing alcohol (and soap) have a similar effect but are not as good as regular soap. Apart from alcohol and soap, antibacterial agents in those products don’t affect the virus structure much. Consequently, many antibacterial products are basically just an expensive version of soap in how they act on viruses. Soap is the best.

Soap dissolves a virus’ structure

Soapy water is totally different. Soap contains fat-like substances known as amphiphiles, some structurally similar to the lipids in the virus membrane. The soap molecules “compete” with the lipids in the virus membrane. That is more or less how soap also removes normal dirt of the skin.

The soap molecules also compete with a lot other non-covalent bonds that help the proteins, RNA and the lipids to stick together. The soap is effectively “dissolving” the glue that holds the virus together. Add to that all the water.

The soap also outcompetes the interactions between the virus and the skin surface. Soon the virus gets detached and falls apart like a house of cards due to the combined action of the soap and water. And the virus is gone!

The Health Benefits of Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils!

Menthol is also an expectorant, meaning it has the ability to loosen and bring up mucus from the lungs. As peppermint is an anti-histamine and anti-oxidant, it is effective in fighting congested airways and also combats many harmful organisms invading your airways. Many over-the-counter cold and flu treatments contain menthol, a primary compound in peppermint oil.

The research results revealed that lavender oil caused significant decreases of blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature, which indicated a decrease of autonomic arousal. In terms of mood responses, the subjects in the lavender oil group categorized themselves as more active, fresher relaxed than subjects just inhaling base oil. Compared with base oil, lavender oil increased the power of theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz) brain activities. The topographic map showed obviously more scattering power in alpha range waves particularly in bilateral temporal and central area.

Objects and Summary of the Invention

Materials: Water - Soap solution is used to catch hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles.

To catch hydrophobic particles two common surfactant types are using in the process of invention: faty-acid based soaps and sodium silicate/sulfonic acid based surfactants.

To get above described benefits from essential oils like lavender or peppermint, a small amount is added to water - soap solution. Invention Efficiency:

Two types of particles exist in the Earth: Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic. A hydrophilic is a molecular particle that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water. And hydrophobic particles are catch with soap bubbles. The new invented filter containing Water- Soap solution catches and kills all type of viruses and particles! Detailed Description of the Invention

Figure 1: General view of Single use, Disposable Mask

Figure 2: General exploded view of cylindrical filter shape for cartridges

Figure 3 : General view of mask with replaceable cartridges

The parts in the figures have been numbered as follows: 1. Mask - Single use, Disposable

2. Ventilator Fan with installed in Filter Layers

3. Mask Outer Layer (Non-Woven Polypropylene)

4. Filter Layer (Non-Woven Polypropylene Containing Water-Soap based Solution)

5. Support Layer (Mod acrylic) 6. Mask Inner Layer (Non-Woven Polypropylene)

7. Connection/Elastic Support Cords

8. Cartri dge F ilter Layers 9. Cartridge Filter Back Support Element

10. Cartridge Filter Front Support Element

11. Mask - with replaceable cartridges

12. Cartridge with replaceable Filter Elements

A human respiratory face piece mask comprising, a mask (1) body having mask outer layer (3), filter layer (4), support layer (5) and mask inner layer (6) a mask (1) body having cartridge with replaceable cartridge filter layers (8) a filter layer (4) which is installed parallel between the mask (1) outer layer (3) and mask inner layer (6) and inside the cartridge with replaceable filter elements (8) a water-soap based solution which is disposed along the inside of filter layer (4) and cartridge filter layers (8), a water-soap based solution having fatty -acid based soaps and sodium silicate/sulfonic acid based surfactants a water-soap based solution having peppermint or lavender essential oils

A filter layer (4) and filter elements (8) can be made by cotton, wool, non-woven, cloth fabrics or hemp.

A filter layer (4) and cartridge filter layers (8) shape can be circle, rectangular or face shape. Working principle of invention

A. Air-purifying respirators for single-use, disposable mechanical face masks:

When we breathe in, diaphragm pulls downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of air into the lungs. Inhaled air passes through Mask’s (1) Outer Layer (3), Filter Layer (4), Support Layer (5) and Mask Inner Layer (6). Filter Layer (4) is made from Non-Woven Polypropylene which is saturated with Water-Soap Solution. Moisturised Filter Layer (4) with Water-Soap Solution catches all viruses and particulates.

The opposite happens with exhalation: Our diaphragm relaxes upward, pushing on the lungs, allowing them to deflate. Exhaled air passes through Mask’s (1) Mask Inner Layer (6), Support Layer (5), Filter Layer (4) and Outer Layer (3). Moisturised Filter Layer (4) with Water-Soap Solution catches this time viruses and particles which we breathe out. No need of Ventilator Fan in this type of respiratory masks (2).

B. Air-purifying respirators with replaceable chemical cartridges masks:

When we breathe in, diaphragm pulls downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of air into the lungs. Inhaled air passes through Mask’s (1) Cartridge Filter Front Support Element (10), Cartridge Filter Layers (8) and Cartridge Filter Back Support Element (9). Cartridge Filter Layers (8) are installed inside Cartridge with replaceable Filter Elements (12). Cartridge Filter Layers (8) are made from Non-Woven Polypropylene which is saturated with Water- Soap Solution. Moisturised Filter (8) with Water-Soap Solution catches all viruses and particles.

The opposite happens with exhalation: Our diaphragm relaxes upward, pushing on the lungs, allowing them to deflate. Exhaled air pass through Mask’s (11) Ventilator Fan (2) with installed inside Filter Layers (4). Filter Layers (4) are saturated with Water-Soap Solution. Filter Layers (4) catch this time viruses which we breathe out.

References:

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator