To provide calibration method and device for neck axis of robot and a robot manufacturing system having the device, easily calibrating and adjusting the neck axis in a robot shaped substantially like a man and having three axes enabling the head to incline forward and backward (the pitch direction) and right and left (the rolling direction) and turn around (the rotating operation around the neck and the yaw direction) in simple and inexpensive constitution.

In the robot, an image pickup device capable of performing omnibearing imaging is mounted on the vertex, and three axes enabling the head to incline forward and backward and right and left, and turn around the neck is mounted on the neck. The calibration device is provided with at least two or more bar-like members, and the robot is installed in the substantially central position of the calibrating device of the neck axis disposed so that the extension lines of the images of the bar-like members intersect at an angle of 180 degrees or less when imaging is performed by the image pickup device, with the image pickup device in the robot substantially equal in distance to the bar-like members, and calibration is performed with the head inclined so that the point of intersection of the bar-like members imaged by the image pickup device is in the center of the pick-up image.