To provide a fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device capable of easily and accurately measuring a lead content.

A fluorescent X-ray analysis method is employed for determining a lead content of a sample based on the intensity of characteristic X-ray of lead and on the relationship between a lead content obtained by a standard sample having a known lead content and the intensity of characteristic X-ray of lead. The method comprises: observing radioscopy images by changing X-ray tube voltages to check the presence or absence of a shadow of lead-containing particles projected in the radioscopy image; then classifying the sample, using a criterion whether or not the sample contains lead-containing particles in which X-rays at a predetermined X-ray tube voltage do not penetrate, into a group 1 having no lead-containing particles in which X-rays do not penetrate, and a group 2 having lead-containing particles in which X-rays do not penetrate. In the fluorescent X-ray analysis on the group 1, a powder having no lead-containing particles in which X-rays at the predetermined X-ray tube voltage do not penetrate is selected as a standard sample; and in the fluorescent X-ray analysis on the group 2, a powder having lead-containing particles in which X-rays at the predetermined X-ray tube voltage do not penetrate is selected as a standard sample.