To provide a lithographic printing method and a lithographic press, which is on press developable and, at the same time, is excellent in both on press developing properties and plate wearability.

In the lithographic printing method, printing is performed by removing the non-image part of an image forming functional layer through the supplying of a dampening water and a printing ink to the surface of an image-wise exposed printing plate material, which is installed onto a printing machine after the printing plate material having an on press developable image forming functional layer is image-wise exposed onto a base material with a hydrophilic surface, the center-line surface mean roughness Ra of the surface on the side having the image forming functional layer of the printing plate material is set to be 300-1,200 nm and the dampening water includes an alkylene glycol mono-alkyl ether compound.