PURPOSE: To improve image quality and solid part covering property and to suppress smearing independently of the presence of a pigment and an electric charge controlling agent by incorporating a nonpolar liq. dispersive medium, an ionic or amphoteric electric charge controlling compd. and a specified modified resin.

CONSTITUTION: A negative type electrostatic liq. developer is composed essentially of a nonpolar liq. accounting for most of the developer and having a kauri-butanol value of <30, a resin having <10μm area average particle size as particles of a polymer formed from a reactional product of a polymer resin having free carboxyl groups with a compd. represented by formula I and an ionic or amphoteric electric charge controlling compd. soluble in the nonpolar liq. In the formula I, M is a multivalent metal, (n) is an integer of ≥1, (m) is an integer of ≥0, (n+m) is equal to the valence of the metal and each of R1 and R1 is alkyl, vinyl, etc. Improved image quality and solid part covering property are ensured and smearing can be suppressed independently of the presence of an electric charge controlling agent and a pigment.