To provide a thermal decomposition treatment device for treating refuse or waste material, which enables the prevention of dioxine and other pollutions while reducing the cost.

This thermal decomposition treatment device comprises a thermal decomposition treatment furnace, known water-cooled heat exchanger and air-cooled exchanger for rapidly cooling high-temperature exhaust gas of about 1000°C discharged from the furnace, which are provided in series to the furnace, and a means for discharging the exhaust gas from a chimney through a bug filter means having dust removing and acidic gas adsorptive means.