7-NONSUBSTITUTED INDOLE MCL-I INHIBITORS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention pertains to compounds which inhibit the activity of anti-apoptotic McI-

1 protein, compositions containing the compounds, and methods of treating diseases involving overexpressed or unregulated McI- 1 protein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION McI-I protein is associated with a number of diseases. There is therefore an existing need in the therapeutic arts for compounds which bind to and inhibit the activity of McI-I protein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One embodiment of this invention, therefore, pertains to compounds which inhibit the activity of McI-I protein, the compounds having Formula I,

(I), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

L is a bond or is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene;

A ¹ is C(O)OH, or a bioisostere thereof, or is C(O)OR ¹ , C(O)OR ² , C(O)OR ³ or

C(O)OR ⁴ ;

one, two, three, four or each of B , C , D , E and F are independently R , R , R or R ⁴ , OR ¹ , SR ¹ , S(O)R ¹ , SO ₂ R ¹ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹ , N(R ¹ J ₂ , C(O)R ¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹ , C(O)N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)R ¹ , NHSO ₂ R ¹ , NR ¹ SO ₂ R ¹ , NHC(O)OR ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)OR ¹ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹ , SO ₂ N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ NHC(0)N(R ¹ ) ₂ ,

NR ¹ C(O)N(R ¹ ) ₂ , OR ² , SR ² , S(O)R ² , SO ₂ R ² , NH ₂ , NHR ² , N(R ² ) ₂ , C(O)R ² , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ² , C(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ² , NR ² C(O)R ² , NHSO ₂ R ² , NR ² SO ₂ R ² , NHC(O)OR ² , NR ² C(O)OR ² , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ² , SO ₂ N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ² NHC(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , OR ³ , SR ³ , S(O)R ³ , SO ₂ R ³ , NH ₂ , NHR ³ , N(R ³ ) ₂ , C(O)R ³ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ³ , C(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ , NR ² C(O)R ³ , NHSO ₂ R ³ , NR ³ SO ₂ R ³ , NHC(O)OR ³ , NR ³ C(O)OR ³ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ³ , SO ₂ N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ NHC(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R ³ )^ OR ⁴ , SR ⁴ , S(O)R ⁴ , SO ₂ R ⁴ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁴ , N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁴ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁴ , C(O)N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)R ⁴ , NHSO ₂ R ⁴ , NR ⁴ SO ₂ R ⁴ , NHC(O)OR ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)OR ⁴ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁴ , SO ₂ N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NHC(O)N(R ⁴ ) ₂ or NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , and the remainder areH, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br or I;

1 IA IA

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

4

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ⁵ , OR ⁵ , SR ⁵ , S(O)R ⁵ , SO ₂ R ⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁵ , N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁵ , C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)R ⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ⁵ , NR ⁵ SO ₂ R ⁵ , NHC(O)OR ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)OR ⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NHC(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NR ⁵ C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

is R , R , R or R ,

6 6A 6A

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

7 7A 7A

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfu sseedd oorr ffuusseedd wwiitthh bbeennzzeennee,, hheetteerrooaarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ^9A , OR ^9A , SR ^9A , S(O)R ^9A , SO ₂ R ^9A , NH ₂ , NHR ^9A , N(R ^9A ) ₂ , C(O)R ^9A , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ^9A , C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)R ^9A , NHSO ₂ R ^9A , NR ^9A SO ₂ R ^9A , NHC(O)OR ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)OR ^9A , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ^9A , SO ₂ N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A NHC (O)N(R ^{9 A} ) ₂ , NR ^9A C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

π9A . ,, 9B _π 9C _π 9D

R is R , R or R ;

9B 9B2 9B2 R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

9C 9C2 9C2

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein each foregoing cyclic moiety is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently selected R , OR , OCH ₂ R , SR ,

S(O)R ¹⁰ , SO ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)R ¹⁰ , CO(O)R ¹⁰ , OC(O)R ¹⁰ , OC(O)OR ¹⁰ , NO ₂ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁰ , N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , CH ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁰ , C(O)N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁰ , NR ¹⁰ C(O)R ¹⁰ , C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR ¹⁰ , C(O)NHSO ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)NR ¹⁰ SO ₂ R ¹⁰ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹⁰ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH ₂ , C(N)NHR ¹⁰ , C(N)N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , =N0-(alkylene)-C(0)CF ₃ , CNOH, CNOCH ₃ , OH, (0), N ₃ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , OCF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 10 . „ 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14 R is R , R , R or R ;

11 1 IA 1 IA

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

14

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ¹⁵ , OR ¹⁵ , SR ¹⁵ , S(O)R ¹⁵ , SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁵ , N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ¹⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁵ , C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)R ¹⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NHC(O)OR ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)OR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ NHC(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 15 . „ 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19

R is R , R , R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

18

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

19

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with

20

R

20 R is phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

wherein R , R , R , R , R , and R are independently unsubstituted or

21 21 21 substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently R , OR , OCH ₂ R , SR ²¹ , S(O)R ²¹ , SO ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)R ²¹ , CO(O)R ²¹ , OC(O)R ²¹ , OC(O)OR ²¹ , NO ₂ , NH ₂ , NHR ²¹ , N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , CH ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ²¹ , C(O)N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ²¹ , NR ²¹ C(O)R ²¹ , C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR ²¹ , C(O)NHSO ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)NR ²¹ SO ₂ R ²¹ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ²¹ , SO ₂ N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH ₂ , C(N)NHR ²¹ , C(N)N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , =N0- (alkylene)-C(O)CF ₃ , CNOH, CNOCH ₃ , OH, (O), N ₃ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , OCF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I; and

R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula I,

(I),

and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

L is a bond or is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene;

A ¹ is C(O)OH, or a bioisostere thereof, or is C(O)OR ¹ , C(O)OR ² , C(O)OR ³ or

C(O)OR ⁴ ;

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 one, two, three, four or each of B , C , D , E and F are independently R , R , R or R ⁴ , OR ¹ , SR ¹ , S(O)R ¹ , SO ₂ R ¹ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹ , N(R ¹ J ₂ , C(O)R ¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹ , C(O)N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)R ¹ , NHSO ₂ R ¹ , NR ¹ SO ₂ R ¹ , NHC(O)OR ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)OR ¹ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹ , SO ₂ N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ NHC(0)N(R ¹ ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , OR ² , SR ² , S(O)R ² , SO ₂ R ² , NH ₂ , NHR ² , N(R ² ) ₂ , C(O)R ² , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ² , C(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ² , NR ² C(O)R ² , NHSO ₂ R ² , NR ² SO ₂ R ² , NHC(O)OR ² , NR ² C(O)OR ² , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ² , SO ₂ N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ² NHC(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , OR ³ , SR ³ , S(O)R ³ , SO ₂ R ³ , NH ₂ , NHR ³ , N(R ³ ) ₂ , C(O)R ³ , C(O)NH ₂ ,

C(O)NHR ³ , C(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ , NR ² C(O)R ³ , NHSO ₂ R ³ , NR ³ SO ₂ R ³ , NHC(O)OR ³ , NR ³ C(O)OR ³ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ³ , SO ₂ N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ NHC(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R ³ ^, OR ⁴ , SR ⁴ , S(O)R ⁴ , SO ₂ R ⁴ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁴ , N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁴ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁴ , C(O)N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)R ⁴ , NHSO ₂ R ⁴ , NR ⁴ SO ₂ R ⁴ , NHC(O)OR ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)OR ⁴ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁴ , SO ₂ N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NHC(O)N(R ⁴ ) ₂ or NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , and the remainder areH, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br or I;

1 IA IA

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

2 2A 2A

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ⁵ , OR ⁵ , SR ⁵ , S(O)R ⁵ , SO ₂ R ⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁵ , N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁵ , C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)R ⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ⁵ , NR ⁵ SO ₂ R ⁵ , NHC(O)OR ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)OR ⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NHC(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NR ⁵ C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ⁵ is R ⁶ , n R ⁷ , F R) ⁸ or r R> 9

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

7 7A 7A

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which iiss uunnffuusseedd oorr ffuusseedd wwiitthh bbeennzzeennee,, hheetteerrooaarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ^9A , 0R ^9A , SR ^9A , S(O)R ^9A , SO ₂ R ^9A , NH ₂ , NHR ^9A , N(R ^9A ) ₂ , C(0)R ^9A , C(O)NH ₂ , C(0)NHR ^9A , C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)R ^9A , NHSO ₂ R ^9A , NR ^9A SO ₂ R ^9A , NHC(0)0R ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)OR ^9A , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ^9A , SO ₂ N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A NHC (O)N(R ^{9 A} ) ₂ , NR ^9A C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ^9A is R ^9B , R ^9C or R ^9D ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

9C 9C2 9C2

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

9D

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein each foregoing cyclic moiety is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently selected R , OR , OCH2R , SR , S(O)R ¹⁰ , SO ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)R ¹⁰ , CO(O)R ¹⁰ , OC(O)R ¹⁰ , OC(O)OR ¹⁰ , NO ₂ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁰ , N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , CH ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁰ , C(O)N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁰ , NR ¹⁰ C(O)R ¹⁰ , C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR ¹⁰ , C(O)NHSO ₂ R ¹⁰ , C(O)NR ¹⁰ SO ₂ R ¹⁰ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹⁰ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH ₂ , C(N)NHR ¹⁰ , C(N)N(R ¹⁰ ) ₂ , =NO-(alkylene)-C(O)CF ₃ , CNOH, CNOCH ₃ , OH, (O), N ₃ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , OCF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

π 10 . „ 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14

R is R , R , R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

12 • • 12A 12A

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of

13A 13A which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

14

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R , OR , SR , S(O)R , SO ₂ R , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁵ , N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ¹⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁵ , C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)R ¹⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NHC(O)OR ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)OR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ NHC(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 15 . „ 16 „ 17 „18 „ 19

R is R , R , R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

1 S

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

19 R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with

20

R

20 R is phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

wherein R , R , R , R , R , and R are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently R , OR , OCH2R , SR ²¹ , S(O)R ²¹ , SO ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)R ²¹ , CO(O)R ²¹ , OC(O)R ²¹ , OC(O)OR ²¹ , NO ₂ , NH ₂ , NHR ²¹ , N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , CH ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ²¹ , C(O)N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ²¹ , NR ²¹ C(O)R ²¹ , C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR ²¹ , C(O)NHSO ₂ R ²¹ , C(O)NR ²¹ SO ₂ R ²¹ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ²¹ ,

SO ₂ N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH ₂ , C(N)NHR ²¹ , C(N)N(R ²¹ ) ₂ , =NO- (alkylene)-C(O)CF ₃ , CNOH, CNOCH ₃ , OH, (O), N ₃ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , OCF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I; and

R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl.

with or without administering one or more than one additional therapeutic agents and with or without also administering radiotherapy thereto.

Still another embodiment pertains tocompounds having Formula I,

(I), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

L is a bond or is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene;

A ¹ is C(O)OH, or a bioisostere thereof, or is C(O)OR ¹ , C(O)OR ² , C(O)OR ³ or C(O)OR ⁴ ;

one, two, three, four or each of B , C , D , E and F are independently R , R , R or R ⁴ , OR ¹ , SR ¹ , S(O)R ¹ , SO ₂ R ¹ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹ , N(R^ ₂ , C(O)R ¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹ , C(O)N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)R ¹ , NHSO ₂ R ¹ , NR ¹ SO ₂ R ¹ , NHC(O)OR ¹ , NR ¹ C(O)OR ¹ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹ , SO ₂ N(R^ ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹ NHC(0)N(R ¹ ) ₂ ,

NR ¹ C(O)N(R^ ₂ , OR ² , SR ² , S(O)R ² , SO ₂ R ² , NH ₂ , NHR ² , N(R ² ) ₂ , C(O)R ² , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ² , C(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ² , NR ² C(O)R ² , NHSO ₂ R ² , NR ² SO ₂ R ² , NHC(O)OR ² , NR ² C(O)OR ² , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ² , SO ₂ N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ² NHC(O)N(R ² ) ₂ ,

NR ¹ C(O)N(R ² ) ₂ , OR ³ , SR ³ , S(O)R ³ , SO ₂ R ³ , NH ₂ , NHR ³ , N(R ³ ) ₂ , C(O)R ³ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ³ , C(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ , NR ² C(O)R ³ , NHSO ₂ R ³ , NR ³ SO ₂ R ³ , NHC(O)OR ³ , NR ³ C(O)OR ³ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ³ , SO ₂ N(R ³ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ³ NHC(O)N(R ³ ) ₂ , NR ¹ C(O)N(R ³ ^, OR ⁴ , SR ⁴ , S(O)R ⁴ , SO ₂ R ⁴ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁴ , N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁴ , C(O)NH ₂ ,

C(O)NHR ⁴ , C(O)N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)R ⁴ , NHSO ₂ R ⁴ , NR ⁴ SO ₂ R ⁴ , NHC(O)OR ⁴ , NR ⁴ C(O)OR ⁴ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁴ , SO ₂ N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁴ , NHC(O)N(R ⁴ or NR ¹ C(O)N(R ⁴ K and the remainder areH, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br or I;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

4 R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ⁵ , OR ⁵ , SR ⁵ , S(O)R ⁵ , SO ₂ R ⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁵ , N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁵ , C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)R ⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ⁵ , NR ⁵ SO ₂ R ⁵ , NHC(O)OR ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)OR ⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NHC(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NR ⁵ C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ⁵ is R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ⁹ ,

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

7 7A 7A

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfus >eedd oorr ffuusseedd wwiitthh bbeennzzeennee,, hheetteerrooaarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ^9A , OR ^9A , SR ^9A , S(O)R ^9A , SO ₂ R ^9A , NH ₂ , NHR ^9A , N(R ^9A ) ₂ , C(O)R ^9A , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ^9A , C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A ,

NR ^9A C(O)R ^9A , NHSO ₂ R ^9A , NR ^9A SO ₂ R ^9A , NHC(O)OR ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)OR ^9A , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ^9A , SO ₂ N(R ^{9 A} ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A NHC(O)N(R ^{9 A} ) ₂ , NR ^9A C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

π9A . _π 9B _π 9C _π 9D

R is R , R or R ;

nτ> QR2 QR2

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

9C 9C2 9C2 R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

9D

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of

9D2 9D2 which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein each foregoing cyclic moiety is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R , OR , C(O)R , NO ₂ , N(R ) ₂ ,

C(O)NHR ¹⁰ , SO ₂ N(R ¹ V C(O)OH, OH, (O), CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 10 . „ 11 - 12 „ 13 „ 14

R is R , R , R or R ;

11 1 IA 1 IA

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

12 • • 12A 12A R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

14

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R , OR , SR , S(O)R , SO ₂ R , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁵ , N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ¹⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁵ , C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)R ¹⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NHC(O)OR ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)OR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ ,

SO ₂ NHR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ NHC(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ R15 i .s T Ri ¹⁶ , D R ^{1 "} R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R is heteroaryl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

1 S

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

19 R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with

20

R

20

R is phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

wherein R ,R , R , R , R , and R are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently OR , NO ₂ , CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I; and

21 R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula I,

(I), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

L is a bond or is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene;

A ¹ is C(O)OH, or a bioisostere thereof, or is C(O)OR ¹ , C(O)OR ² , C(O)OR ³ or C(O)OR ⁴ ;

one, two, three, four or each of B , C , D , E and F are independently R , R , R or R ⁴ , OR ¹ , SR ¹ , S(O)R ¹ , SO ₂ R ¹ , NH ₂ , NHR ¹ , N(R^ ₂ , C(O)R ¹ , C(O)NH ₂ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹ , SO ₂ N(R^ ₂ , OR ² , SR ² , S(O)R ² , SO ₂ R ² , NH ₂ , NHR ² , N(R ² ) ₂ , C(O)R ² , C(O)NH ₂ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ² , SO ₂ N(R ² ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , OR ³ , SR ³ , S(O)R ³ , SO ₂ R ³ , NH ₂ , NHR ³ , N(R ³ ) ₂ ,

C(O)R ³ , C(O)NH ₂ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ³ , SO ₂ N(R ³ ) ₂ , OR ⁴ , SR ⁴ , S(O)R ⁴ , SO ₂ R ⁴ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁴ , N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁴ , C(O)NH ₂ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁴ or SO ₂ N(R ⁴ ) ₂ , and the remainder areH, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br or I;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene;

R is heteroaryl;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

4 R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ⁵ , OR ⁵ , SR ⁵ , S(O)R ⁵ , SO ₂ R ⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁵ , N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ⁵ , C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)R ⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ⁵ , NR ⁵ SO ₂ R ⁵ , NHC(O)OR ⁵ , NR ⁵ C(O)OR ⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , NHC(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , NR ⁵ C(O)N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ⁵ is R ⁶ , R or R

6 6A 6A

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane;

R is heteroaryl;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ^9A , 0R ^9A , SR ^9A , S(O)R ^9A , SO ₂ R ^9A , NH ₂ , NHR ^9A , N(R ^9A ) ₂ , C(0)R ^9A , C(O)NH ₂ , C(0)NHR ^9A , C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)R ^9A , NHSO ₂ R ^9A , NR ^9A SO ₂ R ^9A , NHC(0)0R ^9A , NR ^9A C(O)OR ^9A , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ^9A , SO ₂ N(R ^9A ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(0)R ^9A NHC (O)N(R ^{9 A} ) ₂ , NR ^9A C(O)N(R ^9A ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ^9A is R ^9B , R ^9C or R ^9D ;

R is phenyl;

9C

R is heteroaryl;

9D

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

wherein each foregoing cyclic moiety is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R , OR , C(O)R , NO ₂ , N(R ) ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁰ , SO ₂ N(R ¹ V C(O)OH, OH, (O), CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 10 . „ 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14

R is R , R , R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene;

R is heteroaryl;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

14

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R , OR , SR , S(O)R , SO ₂ R , NH ₂ , NHR ¹⁵ , N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ¹⁵ , C(O)NH ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁵ , C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)R ¹⁵ , NHSO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , NHC(O)OR ¹⁵ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)OR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NHC(O)NH ₂ , NHC(O)R ¹⁵ NHC(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , NR ¹⁵ C(O)N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , OH, (O), C(O)OH, CN, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 15 . „ 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19

R is R , R , R or R ;

, 16

R is phenyl;

R is heteroaryl;

18

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

19

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with

20

R

R is phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

wherein R ,R , R , R , R , and R are independently unsubstituted or substituted

21 with one or two or three or four or five of independently OR , NO ₂ , CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I; and

R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula I,

(I), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

L is a bond;

A ¹ is C(O)OH;

one, two, three, four or each of B , C , D , E and F are independently R , R , R or

R ⁴ , NHR ¹ OR ⁴ , and the remainder areH, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br or I;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene;

R is heteroaryl;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl;

4 R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ⁵ , OR ⁵ , SR ⁵ , NH ₂ , NHR ⁵ , N(R ⁵ ) ₂ , C(O)R ⁵ , NHC(O)R ⁵ , F, Cl, Br or I;

R ⁵ is R ⁶ , D R ⁷ , F R) ⁸ or τ R> ⁹

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R ; R is cycloalkane;

R is heteroaryl;

R is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one,

9A two, three, four or five of independently selected R , F, Cl, Br or I;

_D 9A . _D 9B _D 9C _D 9D

R is R , R or R ;

R is phenyl;

QC

R is heteroaryl;

QD R is cycloalkyl;

wherein each foregoing cyclic moiety is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R , OR , C(O)R , NO ₂ , N(R ) ₂ , C(O)NHR ¹⁰ , SO ₂ N(R ¹ V C(O)OH, OH, (O), CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ 10 . -,, 1 I _n B _π 14

R is R , R or R ;

R is phenyl which is unfused or fused with benzene;

R is heterocycloalkyl;

₁₄ R is alkyl or alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five of independently selected R ¹⁵ , OR ¹⁵ , SO ₂ R ¹⁵ , N(R ¹⁵ ) ₂ , F, Cl, Br or I;

„ R15 i .s T Rl ¹⁶ , D R ^{1 8} or D R ^{1 9} ;

. 16

R is phenyl;

1 R

R is heterocycloalkyl;

R ¹⁹ is alkyl;

wherein R and R are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three or four or five of independently OR , NO ₂ , CF ₃ , F, Cl, Br or I; and

R ²¹ is alkyl.

Still another embodiment pertains to 3 -(3 -cyclohexylpropyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(4-cyclohexylbutyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(3 -chlorophenoxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(2-benzylphenoxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-5-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-ca rboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -((3 -methyl- 1 -naphthyl)oxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -((2 -methyl- 1 -naphthyl)oxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthylthio)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5-bromo-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxyli c acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -((E)-2-cyclohexylvinyl)-3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-5 -((E)-2-phenylvinyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -(4-£luorophenyl)-3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-5 -(2-phenylethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3-((7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)oxy)propyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-((E)-2-phenylvinyl)-lH-indo le-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(( 1 E)-3 -phenylprop- 1 -enyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

6-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -bromo-3 -(4-( 1 -naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -methyl-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-phenyl-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

6-(2-methylphenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphtriyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid;

6-(3 -methylphenyl)-3 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

6-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphtriyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -( 1 -naphthyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(((3 -(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(2-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-(5 ,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -chlorophenyl)-l -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -phenyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylicacid;

3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 ,4-dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-in dole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(4-( 1 -naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(4-(2-naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(4-(2,3 -dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-lH-i ndole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-lH-in dole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -benzyl- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(4-methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-naphthylmethyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-phenylethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(2-( 1 -naphthyloxy)ethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(2-(2,3 -dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((E)-2-phenylvinyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-((lE)-3-phenylprop- 1 -enyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -((E)-2-cyclohexylvinyl)-l -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(3 -(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbonyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole- 2carboxylic acid;

3 -(4-fluoro-3 -(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(((2-methoxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -((dimethylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -piperidin- 1 -yl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -morpholin-4-yl- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(4-carboxypiperidin- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3 -(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -anilino-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthylthio)cyclohexyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)cyclohexyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(2-methylbenzyl)-3-(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3-methylbenzyl)-3-(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(4-methylbenzyl)-3-(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(l ,l'-biprienyl-2-ylmethyl)-3 -(3 -(I -nap hthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-3 -ylmethyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -( 1 , r-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -nap hthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(4-carboxybenzyl)-3-(3-(l -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -((2S)-2-methyl-3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

l-((2R)-2-methyl-3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-methylphen yl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 -(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(2-( 1 -naphthyloxy)ethoxy)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)prop- 1 -ynyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-l -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(l ,3 ,5-trimethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(pyrrolidin- 1 -ylmethyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-moφholin-4-ylcyclohexyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(piperidin- 1 -ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-

2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -((benzyl(methyl)amino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((methyl(pyridin-3 -ylmethyl)amino)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

4-(2-(3 -methoxyphenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

4-(5 -fluoro-2-methyl-3 -((methylsulfonyl)methyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 - naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-phenyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -bromo-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((4-methylphenyl)amino)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- IH- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(3 -hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -pyridin-4-yl- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -pyridin-3 -yl- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -cyano-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-bromo-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

5 -(benzyloxy)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

5-fluoro-3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naprithyloxy)propyl)- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -fluoro-1 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

5 -fluoro-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((3 -

(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -(benzyloxy)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -(benzyloxy)- 1 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -(benzyloxy)-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indo Ie -2- carboxylic acid;

3-(2-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

5-fluoro- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(2-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5-chloro-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl )-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -chloro-3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5-hydroxy-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(5,6J,8-tetrahydrona phthalen-l- yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5-hydroxy-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propy l)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)-5 -(4-morpholin-4-ylbutoxy)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -( 1 ,3 ,5-trimethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)- 1 H-indole- 2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-5 -phenyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propy l)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

l-(3-(l -naphthyloxy)propyl)-5 -(( 1 E)-pent- 1 -enyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(1 ,3 ,5-trimethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3 -(2-chlorophenyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(( 1 E)-5-(dimethylamino)pent- 1 -enyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-((lE)-6-((2-carboxybenzoyl)amino)hex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l -(3-(l- naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(( 1 E)-6-aminohex- 1 -enyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

3-(6-aminohexyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3 -(5 -(dimethylamino)pentyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

6-chloro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxyl ic acid;

3-(2-((lE)-5-(dimethylamino)pent-l-enyl)phenyl)-5-fluoro- l-(3-(l- naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

3-(2-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-napritriylox y)propyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid;

1 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid;

1 -methy 1-5 -(4-(2-methy lphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indol-2-yl)- 1 H- pyrazol-3-ol;

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-2-( 1 H-tetraazol-5-yl)- 1 H-indole;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.

Still another embodiment pertains to compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula I.

Still another embodiment pertains to methods for treating mammals having a disease characterized by overexpression or unregulation of McI-I protein comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula I.

Still another embodiment comprises methods of treating mammals having a disease characterized by overexpression or unregulation of McI- 1 protein comprising administering thereto therapeutically effective amounts of a compound having Formula I and one or more than one additional therapeutic agents, with or without also administering radiotherapy thereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Variable moieties of compounds herein are represented by identifiers (capital letters with numerical and/or alphabetical superscripts) and may be specifically embodied.

It is meant to be understood that proper valences are maintained for all combinations herein, that monovalent moieties having more than one atom are attached through their left ends, and that divalent moieties are drawn from left to right.

It is also meant to be understood that a specific embodiment of a variable moiety may be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.

The term "alkenyl," as used herein, means monovalent, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon double bonds, such as C ₂ - alkenyl, C ₃ -alkenyl, C ₄ -alkenyl, Cs-alkenyl, C ₆ -alkenyl and the like.

The term "alkenylene," as used herein, means divalent, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon double bonds, such as C ₂ - alkenylene, C ₃ -alkenylene, C ₄ -alkenylene, Cs-alkenylene, C ₆ -alkenylene and the like.

The term "alkyl," as used herein, means monovalent, saturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties, such as Ci -alkyl, C ₂ -alkyl, C ₃ -alkyl, C ₄ -alkyl, Cs-alkyl, C ₆ -alkyl and the like.

The term "alkylene," as used herein, means divalent, saturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties, such as Ci -alkylene, C ₂ -alkylene, C ₃ -alkylene, C ₄ -alkylene, Cs-alkylene, C _δ -alkylene and the like.

The term "alkynyl," as used herein, means monovalent, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon triple bonds, such as C ₂ -alkynyl, C ₃ -alkynyl, C ₄ -alkynyl, Cs-alkynyl, C ₆ -alkynyl and the like.

The term "alkynylene," as used herein, means divalent, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon triple bonds, such as C ₂ -alkynylene, C ₃ -alkynylene, C ₄ -alkynylene, Cs-alkynylene, C ₆ -alkynylene and the like.

The term "C(O)OH bioisostere, as used herein, means a moiety with a substantially similar physical or chemical property that imparts similar biological properties to the compound having Formula (I). Examples of C(O)OH bioisosteres include monovalent radicals derived from removal of one hydrogen atom from a molecule such as isothiazol- 3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide, l,2,4-oxadiazol-5(2H)-one, 1,2,5- thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide, l,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol, l,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione, 2H- tetraazole and the like.

The term "cycloalkane," as used herein, means saturated cyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon moieties, such as C ₄ -cycloalkane, Cs-cycloalkane, C ₆ -cycloalkane,

C ₇ -cycloalkane, Cs-cycloalkane, C ₉ -cycloalkane, Cio-cycloalkane, Cπ-cycloalkane,

Ci ₂ -cycloalkane and the like.

The term "cycloalkyl," as used herein, means monovalent, saturated cyclic and bicyclic hydrocarbon moieties, such as C ₃ -cycloalkyl, C ₄ -cycloalkyl, Cs-cycloalkyl, C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₇ - cycloalkyl, Cs-cycloalkyl, Cςi-cycloalkyl, Cio-cycloalkyl, C ₁₁ -cycloalkyl, Ci ₂ -cycloalkyl and the like.

The term "cycloalkene," as used herein, means cyclic and bicyclic hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon double bonds, such as Cs-cycloalkene, C ₆ -cycloalkene, C ₇ -cycloalkene, Cs-cycloalkene, C ₉ -cycloalkene, Cio-cycloalkene, C ₁₁ - cycloalkene, C ^-cycloalkene and the like.

The term "cycloalkenyl," as used herein, means monovalent, cyclic hydrocarbon moieties having one or more than one carbon-carbon double bonds, such as C ₄ -cycloalkenyl, C ₅ -cycloalkenyl, C ₆ -cycloalkenyl, C ₇ -cycloalkenyl, Cs-cycloalkenyl, Cξrcycloalkenyl, C _1O - cycloalkenyl, Ci i -cycloalkenyl, Ci ₂ -cycloalkenyl and the like.

The term "heteroarene," as used herein, means furan, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, oxazole, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, thiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiophene, triazine and 1,2,3-triazole.

The term "heteroaryl," as used herein, means furanyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazoyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazoyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl and 1,2,3-triazolyl.

The term "heterocycloalkane," as used herein, means cycloalkane having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N and also means cycloalkane having one or

two or three CH ₂ moieties unreplaced or replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties replaced with N.

The term "heterocycloalkene," as used herein, means cycloalkene having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N and also means cycloalkene having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties unreplaced or replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties replaced with N.

The term "heterocycloalkyl," as used herein, means cycloalkyl having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N and also means cycloalkyl having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties unreplaced or replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties replaced with N.

The term "heterocycloalkenyl," as used herein, means cycloalkenyl having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N and also means cycloalkenyl having one or two or three CH ₂ moieties unreplaced or replaced with independently selected O, S, S(O), SO ₂ or NH and one or two CH moieties replaced with N.

The term "cyclic moiety," as used herein, means benzene, cycloalkane, cycloalkyl, cycloalkene, cycloalkenyl, heteroarene, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkane, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkene, heterocycloalkenyl, phenyl and spiroalkyl.

Compounds of this invention may contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms in the R or S configuration, wherein the terms "R" and "S" are as defined in Pure Appl. Chem. (1976) 45, 13-10. Compounds having asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms with equal amounts of R and S configurations are racemic at those atoms. Atoms having excess of one configuration over the other are assigned the configuration in excess, preferably an excess of about 85%-90%, more preferably an excess of about 95%-99%, and still more preferably an

excess greater than about 99%. Accordingly, this invention is meant to embrace racemic mixtures, relative and absolute diastereoisomers and the compounds thereof.

Compounds of this invention may also contain carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds in the Z or E configuration, in which the term "Z" represents the larger two substituents on the same side of a carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond and the term "E" represents the larger two substituents on opposite sides of a carbon- carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond. The compounds of this invention may also exist as a mixture of "Z" and "E" isomers.

Compounds of this invention containing NH, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(O)NH ₂ , OH or SH moieties may have attached thereto prodrug-forming moieties. The prodrug-forming moieties are removed by metabolic processes and release the compounds having the freed NH, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(O)NH ₂ , OH or SH in vivo. Prodrugs are useful for adjusting such pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds as solubility and/or hydrophobicity, absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability, tissue penetration, and rate of clearance.

Metabolites of compounds having Formula I, produced by in vitro or in vivo metabolic processes, may also have utility for treating diseases caused or exacerbated by overexpressed or unregulated McI-I protein.

Certain precursor compounds of compounds having Formula I may be metabolized in vitro or in vivo to form compounds having Formula I and may thereby also have utility for treating diseases caused or exacerbated by overexpressed or unregulated McI-I protein.

Compounds having Formula I may exist as acid addition salts, basic addition salts or zwitterions. Salts of compounds having Formula I are prepared during their isolation or following their purification. Acid addition salts are those derived from the reaction of a compound having Formula I with acid. Accordingly, salts including the acetate, adipate, alginate, bicarbonate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsufonate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, glycerophosphate, glutamate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, lactobionate, lactate, maleate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate,

nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, phosphate, picrate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, para-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate salts of the compounds having Formula I are meant to be embraced by this invention. Basic addition salts of compounds are those derived from the reaction of the compounds having Formula I with the bicarbonate, carbonate, hydroxide or phosphate of cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.

Compounds having Formula I may be administered, for example, bucally, ophthalmically, orally, osmotically, parenterally (intramuscularly, intraperintoneally intrasternally, intravenously, subcutaneously), rectally, topically, transdermally and vaginally.

Therapeutically effective amounts of a compound having Formula I depend on recipient of treatment, disease treated and severity thereof, composition comprising it, time of administration, route of administration, duration of treatment, potency, rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered. The amount of a compound having Formula I used to make a composition to be administered daily to a patient in a single dose or in divided doses is from about 0.001 to about 200 mg/kg body weight. Single dose compositions contain these amounts or a combination of submultiples thereof.

Compounds having Formula I may be administered with or without an excipient. Excipients include, for example, encapsulators and additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents and mixtures thereof.

Compounds having Formula I may be radiolabeled with a radioactive isotope such as carbon (i.e. C), hydrogen (i.e. H), nitrogen (i.e. N), phosphorus (i.e. P), sulfur (i.e. S), iodide (i.e. I) and the like. Radioactive isotopes may be incorporated into the compounds having Formula I by reacting the same and a radioactive derivitizing agent or by incorporating a radiolabeled intermediate into their syntheses. The radiolabeled compounds

of Formula I are useful for both prognostic and diagnostic applications and for in vivo and in vitro imaging.

Compounds having Formula I may be incorporated into devices such as, but not limited to, arterio-venous grafts, billiary stents, by-pass grafts, catheters, central nervous system shunts, coronary stents, drug delivery balloons, peripheral stents and ureteural stents, each of which may be used in areas such as, but not limited to, the vasculature for introduction of a compound having Formula I into selected tissues or organs in the body. One measure of the effectivness of compounds having Formula I is reduction or elimination of device-associated thrombi and complications associated therewith.

Compounds having Formula I can used as a radiosensitizers which enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. Examples of radiotherapy include, but are not limited to, external beam radiotherapy, teletherapy, brachtherapy and sealed and unsealed source radiotherapy.

Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered orally include, for example, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1,3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl celluose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium phosphate salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sorbitol, soybean oil, stearic acids, stearyl fumarate, sucrose, surfactants, talc, tragacanth, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, triglycerides, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered ophthalmically or orally include, for example, 1,3-butylene glycol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, ethanol, fatty acid esters of sorbitan, germ oil, groundnut oil, glycerol, isopropanol, olive oil, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, sesame oil, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered osmotically include, for example, chlorofluoro-hydrocarbons, ethanol, water and mixtures thereof.

Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered parenterally include, for example, 1,3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U.S. P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered rectally or vaginally include, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, wax and mixtures thereof.

ASSAY (Fam)-NoxaCF (6-FAM)-GELEVEFATQLRRFGDKLNF-amide) (SEQ.ID NO. 1) was made on a 433A automated synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using standard Fastmoc™ deprotection/coupling cycles with 0.25 mmol MBHA Rink amide resin (SynPep, Dublin, CA). Cartridges containing N -Fmoc-amino acids (1 mmol) with side-chain protection (Arg: 2,2,5,7, 8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl; Asp and GIu: tert-butyl ester; Asn, Cys, GIn, andHis: trityl; Lys and Trp: tert-butyloxycarbonyl; Ser, Thr, and Tyr: tert- butyl ether were activated with O-benzotriazol-l-yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (1 mmol), 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole (1 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (2 mmol) in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The activated amino acid was coupled for 30 minutes following removal of the N-terminal Fmoc group with 20% piperidine in NMP. Labeling was accomplished by suspending the resin-bound, N-terminally deprotected side- chain protected peptide resin (0.04 mmol) and 6-carboxyfluorescein-NHS ester (57 mg) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (2 mL) containing 0.02 mL diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) and shaking at ambient temperature overnight. The resin was drained, washed 3 times with 1 : 1 dichloromethane/methanol and dried. The labeled resin was cleaved and deprotected by mixing with TFA:water:thioanisole:phenol:3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol:tri isopropylsilane, 80:5:5:5:2.5:2.5 for 3 hours at ambient temperature. Following evaporation under reduced pressure, the crude peptide was recovered by precipitation with ether. The product was purified on a preparativeHPLC running Unipoint analysis software (Gilson, Inc., Middleton, WI) on a 25mmx200mm radial compression column containing Delta-Pak C _1S packing (Waters, Inc., Taunton, MA) with a flow rate of 20 rnL/min. The peptides were eluted with a linear gradient of 0.1% TFA/water and acetonitrile. Fractions containing the pproduct were combined and lyophilized. The purity of the final products were confirmed by reverse-phase

analyticalHPLC on aHewlett-Packard 1050 series system with diode-array and fluorescence detection (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA) eluted with a linear gradient of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/water and acetonitrile on a 4.6 x 250 mm YMC ODS-AQ, 5 μm, 120 A column (Waters Inc.) to give the product (45.6 mg) as a yellow powder following lyophilization. The identity of the product was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrography (MALDI-MS) on a Voyager DE-PRO (Applied Biosystems), m/z 1470.00 and 1448.01 (M+H) ⁺ .

A fluorescence polarization assay was used for IC ₅₀ determination of representative compounds having Formula I against recombinant McI-I protein. Compounds were series diluted in DMSO starting at 10 μM and transferred (5 μL) into a 96 well plate. Then, 120 μL of a mixture containing 10 nM fluorescent Noxa BH3 peptide and 80 nM McI-I protein was added to each well. For each assay, free peptide controls (fluorescent peptide only) and bound peptide controls (fluorescent peptide in the presence of McI-I) were included on each assay plate. The plate was mixed on a shaker for 1 minute and incubated at room temperature for an additional 15 minutes. The polarization (in mP) was measured at room temperature with excitation wavelength at 485 nm and emission wavelength at 530 nm using an Analyst (LJL, Molecular Dynamic, Sunnyvale, CA). The percentage inhibition was calculated by % inhibition = 100 x (l-(mP-mP _f )/ (mP _b -mP _f )) in which mP _f is the free peptide control and mPt, is the bound peptide control. Based on percentage of inhibition, the IC ₅₀ (inhibitor concentration at which 50% of bound peptide is displaced), obtained by fitting the inhibition data using Prism 3.0 software (Graphpad Software Inc, San Diego, CA). The results are shown in TABLE 1.

TABLE 1

IC5o's (in μM) For Representative CompoundsHaving Formula I For Inhibition of McI- 1 Protein

These data demonstrate the utility of representative compounds having Formula I as inhibitors of the activity of McI-I protein.

These data demonstrate the utility of representative compounds having Formula I as inhibitors of the activity of McI-I protein.

Accordingly, compounds having Formula I are expected to have utility in treatment of diseases during which anti-apopotic McI- 1 is expressed and also utility in treatment of diseases in which anti-apopotic family protein members having close structural homology to McI-I such as, for example, BCI-XL protein, Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-w protein are expressed.

Overexpression of McI-I correlates with resistance to chemotherapy, clinical outcome, disease progression, overall prognosis or a combination thereof in various hematologic and solid tumor types such as acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t- cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer (including estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer), bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias), embryonal carcinoma, endometrial cancer, endotheliosarcoma, ependymoma, epithelial carcinoma, erythroleukemia, esophageal cancer, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer, essential thrombocythemia, Ewing's tumor, fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, gastric carcinoma, germ cell testicular cancer, gestational trophobalstic disease, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, heavy chain disease, hemangioblastoma, hepatoma, hepatocellular cancer, hormone insensitive prostate cancer, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lung cancer (including small cell lung cancer and non- small cell lung cancer), lymphagioendothelio-sarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma (lymphoma, including Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphomaHodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), malignancies and hyperproliferative disorders of the bladder, breast, colon, lung, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, skin and uterus, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, leukemia, lymphoma, medullary carcinoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, myxosarcoma, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oligodendroglioma, oral cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic

cancer, papillary adenocarcinomas, papillary carcinoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, pinealoma, polycythemia vera, prostate cancer (including hormone-insensitive (refractory) prostate cancer), rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, seminoma, skin cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, solid tumors (carcinomas and sarcomas), small cell lung cancer, stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, synovioma, sweat gland carcinoma, testicular cancer (including germ cell testicular cancer) thyroid cancer, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, testicular tumors, uterine cancer, Wilms' tumor and the like.

It is also expected that compounds having Formula I would inhibit growth of cells derived from a pediatric cancer or neoplasm including embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous syatem, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric psteosarcoma, pediatric rhabdoid kidney tumor, pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, and pediatric T-cell cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancer and the like.

Involvement of McI-I in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is reported in Blood 1998, 91, 991-1000.

Involvement of McI-I in acute myelogenous leukemia is also reported in Blood 1998, 91, 991-1000.

Involvement of McI- 1 in cervical cancer is reported in Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 2002, 180, 63-68.

Involvement of McI-I in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2004, 96, 673-682 and Immunology 2005, 114, 441-449.

Involvement of McI-I in colorectal cancer, is reported in Annals of oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology/ESMO 2001, 12, 779-785.

Involvement of McI-I in gastric carcinoma, is reported in Gastric Cancer 2004, 7, 78-

84.

Involvement of McI-I in gestational trophobalstic disease is reported in Cancer 2005, 103, 268-276.

Involvement of McI-I in glioblastoma is reported in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1999, 67, 763-768.

Involvement of McI- 1 in head and neck cancer is reported in Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1999, 125, 417-422.

Involvement of McI-I in lung cancer is reported in Pathology Oncology Research: POR 1999, 5, 179-186.

Involvement of McI-I in mesothioloma, is reported in Clinical Cancer Research 1999,

5, 3508-3515.

Involvement of McI- 1 in multiple myeloma is reported in European Journal of Immunology 2004, 34, 3156-3164.

Involvement of McI-I in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is reported in British Journal ofHaematology 2002, 116, 158-161.

Involvement of McI-I in oligodenroglioma is reported in Cancer (New York) 1999, 86, 1832-1839.

Involvement of McI-I in ovarian cancer is reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2000, 18, 3775-3781.

Involvement of McI-I in pancreatic cancer is reported in Oncology 2002, 62, 354-362.

Involvement of McI- 1 in peripheral T-cell lymphoma is reported in Journal of

Pathology 2003, 200, 240-248.

Compounds having Formula I are expected to be useful when used with alkylating agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, antibodies, antimetabolites, antimitotics, antiproliferatives, aurora kinase inhibitors, Bcl-2 family protein (for example, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bcl-w, BfI-I) inhibitors, Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, biologic response modifiers, cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB2) receptor inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, heat shock protein (HSP)-90 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors inhibitors, hormonal therapies, immunologicals, intercalating antibiotics, kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapomycin inhibitors, mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID 's), platinum chemotherapeutics, polo-like kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, purine analogs, pyrimidine analogs, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, retinoids/deltoids plant alkaloids, topoisomerase inhibitors and the like.

Alkylating agents include altretamine, AMD-473, AP-5280, apaziquone, bendamustine, brostallicin, busulfan, carboquone, carmustine (BCNU), chlorambucil, Cloretazine™ (VNP 4010 IM), cyclophosphamide, decarbazine, estramustine, fotemustine, glufosfamide, ifosfamide, KW-2170, lomustine (CCNU), mafosfamide, melphalan, mitobronitol, mitolactol, nimustine, nitrogen mustard N-oxide, ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa, treosulfan, trofosfamide and the like.

Angiogenesis inhibitors include endothelial-specifϊc receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, insulin growth factor-2 receptor (IGFR-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors, thrombospondin analogs vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (VEGFR) inhibitors and the like.

Aurora kinase inhibitors include AZD-1152, MLN-8054, VX-680 and the like.

BcI protein family member inhibitors include AT-IOl ((-)gossypol), GENASENSE (G3139 or oblimersen (Bcl-2 -targeting antisense oglionucleotide)), IPI-194, IPI-565, N-(4-(4-((4'-chloro(l , 1 '-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)piperazin- 1 -yl)benzoyl)-4-((( 1 R)-3 - (dimethylamino)- 1 -((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3 -nitrobenzenesulfonamide) (ABT-737), N-(4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5, 5 -dimethyl- 1 -cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 - yl)methyl)piperazin- 1 -yl)benzoyl)-4-((( 1 R)-3 -(morpholin-4-yl)- 1 - ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3 -((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide (ABT-263), GX-070 (obatoclax) and the like.

Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors include DASATINIB ^® (BMS-354825), GLEEVEC ^® (imatinib) and the like.

CDK inhibitors include AZD-5438, BMI-1040, BMS-032, BMS-387, CVT-2584, flavopyridol, GPC-286199, MCS-5A, PD0332991, PHA-690509, seliciclib (CYC-202, R-roscovitine), ZK-304709 and the like.

COX-2 inhibitors include ABT-963, ARCOXIA ^® (etoricoxib), BEXTRA ^®

(valdecoxib), BMS347070, CELEBREX™ (celecoxib), COX- 189 (lumiracoxib), CT-3, DERAMAXX ^® (deracoxib), JTE-522, 4-methyl-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l-(4- sulfamoylphenyl-lH-pyrrole), MK-663 (etoricoxib), NS-398, parecoxib, RS-57067, SC-58125, SD-8381, SVT-2016, S-2474, T-614, VIOXX ^® (rofecoxib) and the like.

EGFR inhibitors include ABX-EGF, anti-EGFr immunoliposomes, EGF-vaccine, EMD-7200, ERBITUX ^® (cetuximab),HR3, IgA antibodies, IRESSA ^® (gefitinib), TARCEVA ^® (erlotinib or OSI-774), TP-38, EGFR fusion protein, TYKERB ^® (lapatinib) and the like.

ErbB2 receptor inhibitors include CP-724-714, CI- 1033 (canertinib),Herceptin ^®

(trastuzumab), TYKERB ^® (lapatinib), OMNITARG ^® (2C4, petuzumab), TAK- 165,

GW-572016 (ionafarnib), GW-282974, EKB-569, PI-166, dHER2 (HER2 vaccine), APC-8024 (HER-2 vaccine), anti-HER/2neu bispecific antibody, B7.her2IgG3, ASHER2 trifunctional bispecfϊc antibodies, mAB AR-209, mAB 2B- 1 and the like.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors include depsipeptide, LAQ-824, MS-275, trapoxin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), TSA, valproic acid and the like.

HSP-90 inhibitors include 17-AAG-nab, 17-AAG, CNF-101, CNF-1010, CNF-2024, 17-DMAG, geldanamycin, IPI-504, KOS-953, MYCOGRAB ^® , NCS-683664, PU24FC1, PU- 3, radicicol, SNX-2112, STA-9090 VER49009 and the like.

MEK inhibitors include ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162 PD-325901, PD-98059 and the like.

mTOR inhibitors include AP-23573, CCI-779, everolimus, RAD-OOl, rapamycin, temsirolimus and the like.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include AMIGESIC (salsalate), DOLOBID (diflunisal), MOTRIN ^® (ibuprofen), ORUDIS ^® (ketoprofen), RELAFEN ^® (nabumetone), FELDENE ^® (piroxicam) ibuprofm cream, ALEVE ^® and NAPROSYN ^® (naproxen), VOLTAREN ^® (diclofenac), INDOCIN ^® (indomethacin), CLINORIL ^® (sulindac), TOLECTIN ^® (tolmetin), LODINE ^® (etodolac), TORADOL ^® (ketorolac), DAYPRO ^® (oxaprozin) and the like.

PDGFR inhibitors include C-451 , CP-673, CP-868596 and the like.

Platinum chemotherapeutics include cisplatin, ELOXATIN (oxaliplatin) eptaplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, PARAPLATIN (carboplatin), satraplatin and the like.

Polo-like kinase inhibitors include BI-2536 and the like.

Thrombospondin analogs include ABT-510, ABT-567, ABT-898, TSP-I and the like.

VEGFR inhibitors include AVASTIN (bevacizumab), ABT-869, AEE-788, ANGIOZYME™, axitinib (AG-13736), AZD-2171, CP-547,632, IM-862, Macugen (pegaptamib), NEXAVAR ^® (sorafenib, BAY43-9006), pazopanib (GW-786034), (PTK-787, ZK-222584), SUTENT ^® (sunitinib, SU-11248), VEGF trap, vatalanib, ZACTIMA™ (vandetanib, ZD-6474) and the like.

Antimetabolites include ALIMTA (premetrexed disodium, LY231514, MTA),

5-azacitidine, XELODA (capecitabine), carmofur, LEUSTAT (cladribine), clofarabine, cytarabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, cytosine arabinoside, decitabine, deferoxamine, doxifluridine, eflornithine, EICAR, enocitabine, ethnylcytidine, fludarabine, hydroxyurea, 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with leucovorin, GEMZAR (gemcitabine), hydroxyurea, ALKERAN (melphalan), mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, methotrexate, mycophenolic acid, nelarabine, nolatrexed, ocfosate, pelitrexol, pentostatin, raltitrexed, Ribavirin, triapine, trimetrexate, S-I, tiazofurin, tegafur, TS-I, vidarabine, UFT and the like.

Antibiotics include intercalating antibiotics aclarubicin, actinomycin D, amrubicin, annamycin, adriamycin, BLENOXANE (bleomycin), daunorubicin, CAELYX or MYOCET (doxorubicin), elsamitrucin, epirbucin, glarbuicin, ZAVEDOS (idarubicin), mitomycin C, nemorubicin, neocarzinostatin, peplomycin, pirarubicin, rebeccamycin, stimalamer, streptozocin, VALSTAR (valrubicin), zinostatin and the like.

Topoisomerase inhibitors include aclarubicin, 9-aminocamptothecin, amonafϊde, amsacrine, becatecarin, belotecan, BN-80915, CAMPTOSAR (irinotecan hydrochloride), camptothecin, CARDIOXANE (dexrazoxine), diflomotecan, edotecarin, ELLENCE or PHARMORUBICIN ^R (epirubicin), etoposide, exatecan, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, gimatecan, lurtotecan, mitoxantrone, orathecin, pirarbucin, pixantrone, rubitecan, sobuzoxane, SN-38, tafluposide, topotecan and the like.

Antibodies include AVASTIN (bevacizumab), CD40-specific antibodies, chTNT- 1/B, denosumab, ERBITUX ^® (cetuximab),HUMAX-CD4 ^® (zanolimumab), IGFlR-specific antibodies, lintuzumab, PANOREX ^® (edrecolomab), RENCAREX ^® (WX G250), RJTUXAN (rituximab), ticilimumab, trastuzimab and and the like.

Hormonal therapies include ARIMIDEX ^® (anastrozole), AROMASIN ^® (exemestane), arzoxifene, CASODEX (bicalutamide), CETROTIDE (cetrorelix), degarelix, deslorelin, DESOPAN ^® (trilostane), dexamethasone, DROGENIL ^® , (flutamide), EVISTA ^® (raloxifene), fadrozole, FARESTON ^® (toremifene), FASLODEX ^® (fulvestrant),FEMARA ^® , (letrozole), formestane, glucocorticoids,HECTOROL ^® or

RENAGEL (doxercalciferol), lasofoxifene, leuprolide acetate, MEGACE (megesterol), MIFEPREX ^® (mifepristone), NILANDRON™ (nilutamide), NOLVADEX ^® (tamoxifen citrate), PLENAXIS™ (abarelix), predisone, PROPECIA ^® (finasteride), rilostane,

SUPREFACT (buserelin), TRELSTAR (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)), vantas, VETORYL , (trilostane or modrastane), ZOLADEX (fosrelin, goserelin) and the like.

Deltoids and retinoids include seocalcitol (EB 1089, CB 1093), lexacalcitrol

(KH 10 ι6600)),, ffeennrreettiinniiddee,, PPAANNRREETTIINN ^®® ((aalliirreettiinnooiinn)),, AA ^r TRAGEN ^® (liposomal tretinoin), TARGRETIN ^® (bexarotene), LGD- 1550 and the like.

Plant alkaloids include, but are not limited to, vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine and the like.

Proteasome inhibitors include VELCADE ^υ (bortezomib), MG 132, NPI-0052, PR- 171 and the like.

Examples of immunologicals include interferons and other immune-enhancing agents. Interferons include interferon alpha, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon beta, interferon gamma- 1 a, AC TIMMUNE (interferon gamma- Ib), interferon gamma-n 1 ,

combinations thereof and the like. Other agents include ALF AFERONE , BAM-002,

BEROMUN (tasonermin), BEXXAR (tositumomab), CamPath (alemtuzumab), CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4), decarbazine, denileukin, epratuzumab, GRANOCYTE (lenograstim), lentinan, leukocyte alpha interferon, imiquimod, MDX-OlO, melanoma vaccine, mitumomab, molgramostim, MYLOTARG™ (gemtuzumab ozogamicin),

NEUPOGEN (filgrastim), OncoV AC-CL, OvaRex (oregovomab), pemtumomab

(Y-muHMFGl), PROVENGE , sargaramostim, sizofilan, teceleukin, TheraCys , ubenimex, VIRULIZIN ^® , Z-IOO, WF-IO, PROLEUKTN ^® (aldesleukin), ZADAXIN ^® (thymalfasin), ZENAP AX ^® (daclizumab), ZEVALIN ^® (90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan) and the like.

Biological response modifiers are agents that modify defense mechanisms of living organisms or biological responses, such as survival, growth, or differentiation of tissue cells to direct them to have anti-tumor activity and include include krestin, lentinan, sizofϊran, picibanil PF-3512676 (CpG-8954), ubenimex and the like.

Pyrimidine analogs include cytarabine (ara C or Arabinoside C), cytosine arabinoside, doxifluridine, FLUDARA (fludarabine), 5 -FU (5-fluorouracil), floxuridine, GEMZAR (gemcitabine), TOMUDEX ^® (ratitrexed), TROXATYL™ (triacetyluridine troxacitabine) and the like.

Purine analogs include LANVIS ^® (thioguanine) and PURI-NETHOL ^® (mercaptopurine) .

Antimitotic agents include batabulin, epothilone D (KOS-862), N-(2-((4- hydroxyphenyl)amino)pyridin-3 -yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide, ixabepilone (BMS 247550), paclitaxel, TAXOTERE (docetaxel), PNU100940 (109881), patupilone, XRP-9881, vinflunine, ZK-EPO and the like.

Compounds of the present invention are also intended to be used as a radiosensitizer that enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy. Examples of radiotherapy include, but are not

limited to, external beam radiotherapy, teletherapy, brachtherapy and sealed and unsealed source radiotherapy.

Additionally, compounds having Formula I may be combined with other chemptherapeutic agents such as ABRAXANE™ (ABI-007), ABT- 100 (farnesyl transferase inhibitor), ADVEXIN ^® , ALTOCOR ^® or MEVACOR ^® (lovastatin), AMPLIGEN ^® (poly Lpoly C12U, a synthetic RNA), APTOSYN™ (exisulind), AREDIA ^® (pamidronic acid), arglabin, L-asparaginase, atamestane (l-methyl-3,17-dione-androsta-l,4-diene), AVAGE (tazarotne), AVE-8062, BEC2 (mitumomab), cachectin or cachexin (tumor necrosis factor), canvaxin (vaccine), CeaVac™ (cancer vaccine), CELEUK (celmoleukin), CEPLENE

(histamine dihydrochloride), CERV ARIX™ (human papillomavirus vaccine), CHOP (C: CYTOXAN ^® (cyclophosphamide)^: ADRIAMYCIN ^® (hydroxydoxorubicin); O: Vincristine (ONCOVIN ^® ); P: prednisone), CyPat™, combrestatin A4P, DAB(389)EGF or TransMID-107R™ (diphtheria toxins), dacarbazine, dactinomycin, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone- 4-acetic acid (DMXAA), eniluracil, EVIZON™ (squalamine lactate), DIMERICINE ^® (T4N5 liposome lotion), discodermolide, DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate), enzastaurin, EPO906,

GARDASIL (quadrivalent human papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine), gastrimmune, genasense, GMK (ganglioside conjugate vaccine), GVAX (prostate cancer vaccine), halofuginone, histerelin, hydroxycarbamide, ibandronic acid, IGN-101 , IL- 13-PE38, IL-13-PE38QQR (cintredekin besudotox), IL-13-pseudomonas exotoxin, interferon-α, interferon-γ, JUNOVAN™ or MEP ACT™ (mifamurtide), lonafarnib, 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate, miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), NEOVASTAT (AE- 941), NEUTREXIN ^® (trimetrexate glucuronate), NIPENT ^® (pentostatin), ONCONASE ^® (a ribonuclease enzyme), ONCOPHAGE (melanoma vaccine treatment), OncoVAX (IL-2 Vaccine), ORATHECIN™ (rubitecan), OSIDEM ^® (antibody-based cell drug), OvaRex ^® MAb ( murine monoclonal antibody), paditaxel, PAND IMEX™ (aglycone saponins from ginseng comprising 20(S)protopanaxadiol (aPPD) and 20(S)protopanaxatriol (aPPT)), panitumumab, PANVAC -VF (investigational cancer vaccine), pegaspargase, PEG

Interferon A, phenoxodiol, procarbazine, rebimastat, REMOVAB (catumaxomab), REVLIMID ^® (lenalidomide), RSRl 3 (efaproxiral), SOMATULINE ^® LA (lanreotide),

SORIATANE (acitretin), staurosporine (Streptomyces staurospores), talabostat (PTlOO), TARGRETIN ^® (bexarotene), Taxoprexin ^® (DHA-paclitaxel), TELCYTA™ (TLK286), temilifene, TEMODAR ^® (temozolomide), tesmilifene, thalidomide, THERATOPE ^® (STn- KLH), thymitaq (2-amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-5-(4-pyridylthio)quinazo line dihydrochloride), TNFerade™ (adenovector: DNA carrier containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor-α), TRACLEER or ZAVESCA (bosentan), tretinoin (Retin-A), tetrandrine,

(K) (1?)

TRISENOX (arsenic trioxide), VIRULIZIN , ukrain (derivative of alkaloids from the greater celandine plant), vitaxin (anti-alphavbeta3 antibody), XCYTRIN (motexafm gadolinium), XINLAY™ (atrasentan), XYOTAX™ (paclitaxel poliglumex), YONDELIS™ (trabectedin), ZD-6126, ZINECARD (dexrazoxane), zometa (zolendronic acid), zorubicin and the like.

It is also expected that compounds having Formula I would inhibit growth of cells derived from a pediatric cancer or neoplasm including embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous syatem, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric psteosarcoma, pediatric rhabdoid kidney tumor, pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, and pediatric T-cell cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancer and the like (commonly-owned United States Application Serial No. 10/988,338), Cancer Res., 2000, 60, 6101-10); and autoimmune disorders include, acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, hemolytic anemia, inflammatory diseases, thrombocytopenia and the like (Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2003, 3:378-384; Br. J.Haematol. 2000 Sep; 1 10(3): 584-90; Blood 2000 Feb 15;95(4): 1283-92; and New England Journal of Medicine 2004 Sep; 351(14): 1409-1418).

Compounds having Formula I may be made by synthetic chemical processes, examples of which are shown hereinbelow. It is meant to be understood that the order of the steps in the processes may be varied, that reagents, solvents and reaction conditions may be substituted for those specifically mentioned, and that vulnerable moieties such as C(O)OH, C(O) and C(O)H, NH, C(O)NH ₂ , OH and SH moieties may be protected and deprotected, as necessary.

Protecting groups for C(O)OH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetoxymethyl, allyl, benzoylmethyl, benzyl, benzyloxymethyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, diphenylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, ethyl, para-methoxybenzyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, methyl, methylthiomethyl, naphthyl, para-nitrobenzyl, phenyl, n-propyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, triethylsilyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, triphenylmethyl and the like.

Protecting groups for C(O) and C(O)H moieties include, but are not limited to, 1,3-dioxylketal, diethylketal, dimethylketal, 1,3-dithianylketal, 0-methyloxime, O-phenyloxime and the like.

Protecting groups for NH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetyl, alanyl, benzoyl, benzyl (phenylmethyl), benzylidene, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethyl, diphenylphosphoryl, formyl, methanesulfonyl, para-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, phenylacetyl, phthaloyl, succinyl, trichloroethoxycarbonyl, triethylsilyl, trifluoroacetyl, trimethylsilyl, triphenylmethyl, triphenylsilyl, para-toluenesulfonyl and the like.

Protecting groups for OH and SH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetyl, allyl, allyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), benzoyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,4- dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-propenyl, diphenylmethyl, formyl, methanesulfonyl, methoxyacetyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, para-methoxybenzyl, methoxycarbonyl, methyl, para-toluenesulfonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-

trichloroethyl, triethylsilyl, trifluoroacetyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, triphenylmethyl, 2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethoxycarbonyl and the like.

A discussion protecting groups is provided in T. H. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999).

The following abbreviations have the meanings indicated. ADDP means l,l'-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidme; AD-mix-β means a mixture of (DHQD) ₂ PHAL, K ₃ Fe(CN) ₆ , K ₂ CO ₃ and K ₂ SO ₄ ); 9-BBN means 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane; (DHQD) ₂ PHAL means hydroquinidine 1 ,4-phthalazinediyl diethyl ether; DBU means l,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene; DIBAL means diisobutylaluminum hydride; DIEA means diisopropylethylamine; DMAP means N,N-dimethylaminopyridine; DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide; dmpe means l,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane; DMSO means dimethylsulfoxide; dppb means l,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; dppe means l,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; dppf means l,l'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; d means 1 , 1 -bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; EDAC means l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide; Fmoc means fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl;HATU means O-(7-azabenzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,NTS('N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate;HMPA means hexamethylphosphoramide; IPA means isopropyl alcohol; MP-BH ₃ means macroporus triethylammonium methylpolystyrene cyanoborohydride; PyBOP means benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; TEA means triethylamine; TFA means trifluoroacetic acid; THF means tetrahydrofuran; NCS means N-chlorosuccinimide; NMM means N-methylmorpholine; NMP means N-methylpyrrolidine and PPh ₃ means triphenylphosphine.

SCHEME 1

(2)

(1 ) (3)

(4)

As shown in SCHEME 1, compounds of Formula (1) can be converted to compounds of Formula (2) by reacting the former with sodium nitrate and an aqueous acid followed by the addition of aqueous sodium acetate and an appropriate 2-oxocycloalkylester.

Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid and the like.

Examples of appropriate 2-oxocycloalkylesters include ethyl 2- oxocyclohexanecarboxylate, ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate and the like.

The reaction is initially conducted at about O ⁰ C, over about 30 minutes to about one hour, and then warmed to between about 15 ⁰ C and 25 ⁰ C for about one to four hours, in water.

Compounds of Formula (2) can be converted to compounds of Formula (3) by reacting the former with a solution of borane.

The reaction is typically conducted at ambient temperature over about 8 hours to about 20 hours in a solvent such as but not limited to THF.

Compounds of Formula (3) can be converted to compounds of Formula (4) by reacting the former with R ⁵ OH, triphenylphosphine, and a reagent such as but not limited to DEAD or TBAD.

The addition is typically conducted below room temperature before warming to ambient temperature for about 8-72 hours in a solvent such as but not limited to THF.

Introduction of moieties represented by D , E and F can be accomplished by reacting substituted anilines of Formula (1) as shown in SCHEME (1). Alternatively, bromoanilines of Formula (1) can be reacted as shown in SCHEME (1) and then subsequently reacted using methods described in the literature (such as those described in Palladium Reagents And Catalysts: New Perspectives For The 21st Century, By J. Tsuji, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2004, 1 -670) and known by those skilled in the art for palladium catalyzed carbon cross coupling reactions.

SCHEME 2

(5) As shown in SCHEME 2, compounds of Formula (4) can be converted to compounds of Formula (5) by reacting the former with a base followed by an appropriate compound of Formula B ¹ Br (5a) or B ¹ Cl (5b).

Examples of a base include sodium hydride, potassium carbonate and the like.

Examples of appropriate compounds of Formula (5a) include l-(3-

bromopropoxy)naphthalene and the like.

Examples of appropriate compounds of Formula (5b) include 2-chloro-l- morpholinoethanone and the like.

The reaction is typically conducted at or below ambient temperature for about 15 minutes to one hour during the addition of the base, and then from about 2O ⁰ C to 8O ⁰ C for about one to eight hours after the addition of the compound of Formula (5a) or (5b) in a solvent such as but not limited to DMF.

Compounds of Formula (5) can be converted to compounds of Formula (6) by reacting the former with a base.

Examples of bases include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like.

The reaction is typically conducted over about 1 hour to about 48 hours, between about O ⁰ C and 35 ⁰ C, in solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, mixtures thereof and the like.

Compounds of Formula (4), wherein B ¹ isH, can be converted to compounds of Formula (6) by reacting the former with a base.

Examples of bases include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like.

The reaction is typically conducted over about 1 hour to about 48 hours, between about O ⁰ C and 35 ⁰ C, in solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, mixtures thereof and the like.

SCHEME 3

As shown in SCHEME 3, compounds of Formula (3) can be converted to compounds of Formula (7) by reacting the former with a base followed by methanesulfonyl chloride.

Examples of bases include TEA, pyridine and the like.

The reaction is typically conducted over about 30 minutes to about three hours, between about O ⁰ C and 20 ⁰ C, in acetonitrile.

Compounds of Formula (7) can be converted to compounds of Formula (8) by reacting the former with a compound of Formula R ⁵ SH, and a base.

Examples of bases include potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.

The reaction is typically conducted over one to five days between about 5O ⁰ C and

100 ⁰ C, in a solvent such as but not limited to acetonitrile.

Compounds of Formula (8) can be converted to compounds of Formula (9) as described in SCHEME 2 for the conversion of compounds of Formula (4) to compounds of Formula (6).

SCHEME 4

(12)

As shown in SCHEME 4, compounds of Formula (10) can be converted to compounds of Formula (12) by reacting the former with compounds of Formula (11), triphenylphosphine, and a reagent such as but not limited to DEAD or TBAD.

The addition may be conducted below room temperature before warming to ambient temperature for about 8-72 hours in a solvent such as but not limited to THF.

SCHEME 5

As shown in SCHEME 5, compounds of Formula (12) can be converted to compounds of Formula (14) by reacting the former, a compound of Formula (13) and a base.

Examples of bases include sodium hydride and potassium carbonate.

The reaction is typically conducted at or below ambient temperature for about 15 minutes to one hour during the addition of the base, and then from about 2O ⁰ C to 8O ⁰ C for about one to eight hours after the addition of the compound of Formula (13) in a solvent such as but not limited to DMF.

Compounds of Formula (14) can be converted to compounds of Formula (15) using methods described in the literature (such as those described in Palladium Reagents And Catalysts: New Perspectives For The 21st Century, By J. Tsuji, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2004, 1-670) and known by those skilled in the art for palladium catalyzed carbon cross coupling reactions.

Compounds of Formula (15) can be converted to compounds of Formula (16) as described in SCHEME 2 for the conversion of compounds of Formula (4) to compounds of Formula (6).

SCHEME 6

(20) ((1199)) (18)

As shown in SCHEME 6, compounds of Formula (3) can be converted to compounds of Formula (16) by reacting the former, iodine, triphenyphosphine and imidazole, followed by a base.

Examples of bases include sodium carbonate and the like.

The reaction is typically conducted from about -10 ⁰ C to about 10 ⁰ C for about 15 minutes to one hour and then continued for an additional 30 minutes to one hour after addition of the base, in a solvent such as but not limited to dichloromethane.

Compounds of Formula (16) can be converted to compounds of Formula (17) by reacting the former and triphenyphosphine.

The reaction is typically conducted over about 8 to about 48 hours at reflux, in a solvent such as but not limited to acetonitrile or dichloromethane.

Compounds of Formula (17) can be converted to compounds of Formula (18) by reacting the former, a base, and a compound of Formula R ⁵ C(O)H.

Examples of bases include sodium hydride and n-butyllithium.

The reaction is initially conducted over about one hour at about 60 ⁰ C to about 100 ⁰ C after the addition of the base and then cooled to about 10 ⁰ C to about 25 ⁰ C and treated with a compounds of Formula (17). After about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, the compound of Formula R ⁵ C(O)H is added and the mixture is again heated at about 6O ⁰ C to about 100 ⁰ C for about one to eight hours.

Compounds of Formula (18) can be converted to compounds of Formula (19) by reacting the former with a hydrogen source and a catalyst.

Examples of hydrogen sources include hydrazine and hydrogen gas.

Examples of catalysts include Pd/C and Raney Nickel and the like.

Temperature and pressure vary depending on the hydrogenation method and the substrates employed. Typical solvents include methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and the like.

Compounds of Formula (19) can be converted to compounds of Formula (20) as described in SCHEME 2 for the conversion of compounds of Formula (4) to compounds of Formula (6).

SCHEME 7

As shown in SCHEME 7, compounds of Formula (3) can be converted to compounds of Formula (21) by reacting the former, DMSO, a base, and a dehydration agent.

Examples of bases include triethylamine, diisopropylamine, and the like.

Examples of dehydration agents include oxalyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, and pyridine sulfate.

The reaction is typically conducted over about one to about eight hours at about -60 ⁰ C to about 0 ⁰ C depending on the substrate and method employed.

The following examples are presented to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of procedures and conceptual aspects of this invention.

EXAMPLE 1 3-(3-cyclohexylpropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 2 3-(4-cyclohexylbutyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 3A ethyl 3 -(3 -hydroxypropyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 3 -(3 -ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate (2.82 g) in THF (40 mL) was added IM borane-THF (40 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, quenched with methanol (100 mL) and concentrated. The concetrate was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 5-25 % ethyl acetate/hexanes .

EXAMPLE 3B ethyl 3 -(3 -(3 -chlorophenoxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of 3-chlorophenol (0.050 g), EXAMPLE 3A (0.052 g), di-tert-butyl azidicarboxylate (0.086 g) and triphenylphosphine (0.1 g) in THF (2.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB, C-18, 30% to 100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid).

EXAMPLE 3C

3-(3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 3B (0.035 mg) and LiOH (0.1 g) in methanol/water (1 :1, 5 mL) was heated at 15O ⁰ C under microwave (CEM Discover) conditions (70 W) for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water (2 mL), treated with 5MHC1, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), filtered and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB, C-18, 20% to 100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.88 (brs, IH), 11.40 (s, IH), 7.63 (d, IH), 7.39 (d, IH), 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 4H), 3.97 (t, 2H), 3.20 (t, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 4A ethyl 3 -(3 -(3 -(trifiuoromethyl)phenoxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by replacing 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol for 3-chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 4B

3-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carb oxylic acid

This example was prepared by replacing EXAMPLE 4A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.88 (brs, IH), 11.40 (s, IH), 7.63 (d, IH), 7.49 (t, IH), 7.39 (d, IH), 7.22 (m, 4H), 6.98 (t, IH), 4.04 (t, 2H), 3.21 (t, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 5A ethyl 3 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by replacing 1-naphthol for 3-chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 5B

3 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propy I)- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.96 (brs, IH), 11.44 (s, IH), 8.24 (d, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 3H), 7.21 (t, IH), 6.96 (t, IH), 6.87 (d, IH), 4.16 (t, 2H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 6A ethyl 3 -(3 -(2-benzylphenoxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 2-benzylphenol for 3-chlorophenol in

EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 6B

3-(3-(2-benzylphenoxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 6A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.92 (brs, IH), 11.40 (s, IH), 7.50 (d, IH), 7.38 (d, IH), 7.22 (m, 5H), 7.13 (m, 3H), 6.95 (t, IH), 6.85 (m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 4H), 3.18 (t, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 7A ethyl 3-(3-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-5-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carbo xylate

This example was prepared by substituting 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-5-ol for 3- chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 7B

3-(3-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-5-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carbo xylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.90 (brs, IH), 11.41 (s, IH), 7.63 (d, IH), 7.39 (d, IH), 7.21 (t, IH), 7.07 (d, IH), 7.00 (t, IH), 6.74 (s, IH), 6.64 (dd, IH), 3.90 (t, 2H), 3.19 (t, 2H), 2.77 (m, 4H), 2.00 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 8A ethyl 3-(3 -(3 -methylnaphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 3 -methylnaphthalen- l-ol for 3- chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 8B

3 -(3 -(3 -methylnaphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8A for EXAMPLE 3B in

EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.91 (brs, IH), 11.43 (s, IH), 8.00 (d, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.71 (d, IH), 7.59 (d, IH), 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, IH), 7.24 (t, IH), 7.05 (t, IH), 3.97 (t, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.21 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 9A ethyl 3-(3-(2-methylnaphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 2-methylnaphthalen-l-ol for 3- chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 9B

3 -(3 -((2 -methyl- 1 -naphthyl)oxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.89 (br. s, IH), 11.4 (s, IH), 8.00 (d, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.59 (d, IH), 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, IH), 7.5 (m, IH), 7.05 (t, IH), 3.97 (t, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.15-2.26 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 1OA ethyl 3 -(3 -(methylsulfonyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of EXAMPLE 3 A (0.125 g) and triethylamine (0.21 mL) in acetonitrile (3 mL) at 0-5 ⁰ C was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.0404 mL). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated, and the concentrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 0-30% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 1OB ethyl 3 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -ylthio)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate A mixture of EXAMPLE 1OA (42 mg), naphthalene thiol (45 mg), and potassium carbonate (36 mg) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was heated at 8O ⁰ C for 3 days. The reaction mixture was poured into water, extracted with dichloromethane and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 0-20 % ethyl acetate in hexanes.

EXAMPLE 1OC

3 -(3-(I -naphthylthio)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OB for EXAMPLE 3B in

EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.92 (s, IH), 11.42 (s, IH), 8.11-8.32 (m, IH), 7.85-8.03 (m, IH), 7.77 (d, IH), 7.50-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.21 (t, IH), 6.98 (t, IH), 3.12-3.26 (m, 2H), 3.06 (t, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE HA ethyl 5-bromo-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate To a mixture of 4-bromoaniline (3.44 g) in 5M aqueousHCl (12 mL) at O ⁰ C was added 2.5M NaNO ₂ (1.38 g) in water (20 mL). After the addition, 4.5M sodium acetate (9.23 g) in water (25 mL) was added, followed by 2-oxo-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at O ⁰ C for 15 minutes, warmed to 19 ⁰ C over two hours, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and concentrated. The concentrate was dissolved in 10 "X)H ₂ SO ₄ in ethanol (22 mL) and refluxed overnight, cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (0.4 L), and filtered.

EXAMPLE HB ethyl 5 -bromo-3 -(3 -hydroxypropyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1 IA for ethyl 3-(3-ethoxy-3- oxopropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 3A.

EXAMPLE HC ethyl 5-bromo-(3-(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl))- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol for 3-chlorophenol and EXAMPLE 1 IB for EXAMPLE 3 A in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE HD 5-bromo-(3-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl))-lH-indole-2-carbo xylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 11C for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.14 (brs, IH), 11.63 (s, IH), 8.23 (m, IH), 7.85 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.33 (m, 3H), 6.86 (d, IH), 4.15 (t, 2H), 2.19 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 12

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE HC (45.2 mg), (E)-3-phenylprop-l-enylboronic acid (21.1 mg), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (catalytic), and 2M LiOH (0.3 mL) in 7/2/3dimethoxyethane/ethanol/H ₂ θ (2 mL) was heated under microwave (CEM Discover) conditions at 150 ⁰ C for 30 minutes. The mixture was quenched with IMHCl (0.4 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The cruconcentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB-C 18, 20-100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.95 (brs, IH), 11.44 (s, IH), 8.34 (d, IH), 7.88 (d, IH), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 5H), 7.18 (m, 3H), 6.83 (d, IH), 6.00 (m, 2H), 4.08 (t, 2H), 2.21 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 13

5-((E)-2-cyclohexylvinyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-2-cyclohexylvinylboronic acid for (E)- 3-phenylprop-l-enylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.95 (brs, IH), 11.42 (s, IH), 8.36 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.34 (m,

IH), 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, IH), 5.80 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, 2H), 2.21 (t, 2H), 1.85 (m, IH), 1.62 (m, 5H), 1.20 (m, 3H), 0.92 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 14 3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-((E)-2-phenylvinyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.03 (br. s, IH), 11.56 (s, IH), 8.39 (m, IH), 7.92 (m, IH), 7.58 (m, 4H), 7.43 (d, IH), 7.28 (m, 7H), 6.92 (d, IH), 6.84 (d, IH), 6.68 (d, IH), 4.10 (t, 2H), 3.39 (t, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 15

5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting 4-fluoro-phenylboronic acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.05 (brs, IH), 11.56 (s, IH), 8.33 (d, IH), 7.92 (d, IH), 7.71 (s, IH), 7.50 (m, 5H), 7.35 (t, IH), 7.20 (m, 2H), 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.11 (t, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 16

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-lH-indole-2-ca rboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE 14 (0.005 g), cyclohexene (0.5 mL), Pd/C (catalytic) in ethanol (4 mL) was heated at 13O ⁰ C (270 W) in a microwave (CEM Discover) for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The concentrate was purified by preparative reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB, C- 18, 20% to 100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifiuoroacetic acid) to afford the title compound. H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.88 (brs, IH), 11.32 (s, IH), 8.34 (m, IH), 7.84 (m, IH), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, IH), 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 3H), 7.13 (m, IH), 7.01 (m, 3H), 6.84 (d, IH), 4.08 (t, 2H), 2.56 (s, 4H), 2.19 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 17 3-(3-((7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)oxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 17A

This example was prepared by substituting 7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-ol for 3- chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 17B 3-(3-((7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)oxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.72 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, IH), 6.87 (d, IH), 6.55 (d, IH), 4.03 (t, 2H), 3.34 (t, 2H), 2.95 (t, 2H), 2.84 (t, 2H), 2.19 (m, 5H), 2.09 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 18A ethyl 3 -(3 -(5 ,6,7, 8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-ol for 3- chlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 18B

3-(3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.75 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, IH), 7.01 (t, IH), 6.68 (d, IH), 6.60 (d, IH), 4.03 (t, 2H), 3.37 (t, 2H), 2.76 (m, 4H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 19A ethyl 4-bromo-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromoaniline for 4-bromoaniline in

EXAMPLE 1 IA.

EXAMPLE 19B ethyl 4-bromo-3 -(3 -hydroxypropyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 19A for ethyl 3-(3-ethoxy-3- oxopropyl)-! H-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 3A.

EXAMPLE 19C ethyl 4-bromo-(3-(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl))- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol for 3-chlorophenol and EXAMPLE 19B for EXAMPLE 3A in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 19D

4-(4-fiuorophenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting 4-fiuoro-phenylboronic acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 19C for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.76 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, IH), 7.02 (t, IH), 6.68 (d, IH), 6.59 (d, IH), 4.02 (t, 2H), 3.37 (t, 2H), 2.75 (m, 4H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 2OA ethyl 6-bromo-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromoaniline for 4-bromoaniline in EXAMPLE 1 IA.

EXAMPLE 2OB ethyl 6-bromo-3 -(3 -hydroxypropyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2OA for ethyl 3-(3-ethoxy-3- oxopropyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 3A.

EXAMPLE 2OC ethyl 6-bromo-(3-(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl))- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol for 3-chlorophenol and EXAMPLE 2OB for EXAMPLE 3 A in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 2OD 3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-((E)-2-phenylvinyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.98 (brs, IH), 11.53 (s, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 7.86 (m, IH),

7.64 (m, 3H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.45 (m, IH), 7.36 (m, 5H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.17 (t, 2H), 2.21 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 21 3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₅ ) δ 12.94 (brs, IH), 11.39 (s, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.54 (m, 3H), 7.44 (m, IH), 7.32 (m, 6H), 7.21 (m, IH), 7.12 (d, IH), 6.87 (d, IH), 6.55 (d, IH), 6.37 (m, IH), 4.14 (t, 2H), 3.54 (d, 2H), 2.19 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 22

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 19C for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.01 (brs, IH), 11.49 (s, IH), 8.19 (m, IH), 7.81 (m, IH), 7.33 (m, 13H), 6.91 (d, IH), 6.32 (m, IH), 4.14 (t, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 23

6-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-in dole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting 3-(benzyloxy)-phenylboronic acid for (E)-

3-phenylprop-l-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.03 (s, IH), 11.52 (s, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH), 7.60 (s, IH), 7.35 (m, 13H), 7.01 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 2.24 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 24 4-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indol e-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting 3-(benzyloxy)-phenylboronic acid for (E)- 3-phenylprop-l-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 19C for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMS0-d ₆ ) δ 12.98 (brs, IH), 11.62 (s, IH), 8.03 (d,

IH), 7.83 (d, IH), 7.47 (m, 4H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 7.24 (m, 4H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.83 (d, IH), 6.70 (d, IH), 5.07 (s, 2H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 2.84 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 25A ethyl 5 -bromo-3 -(4-ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate for ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate in EXAMPLE 1 IA.

EXAMPLE 25B ethyl 5-bromo-3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25A for ethyl 3-(3-ethoxy-3- oxopropyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 3A.

EXAMPLE 25 C ethyl 5 -bromo-3 -(4-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol for 3-chlorophenol and EXAMPLE 25B for EXAMPLE 3A in EXAMPLE 3B.

EXAMPLE 25D

5 -bromo-3 -(4-( 1 -naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25C for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.11 (brs, IH), 11.61 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, IH), 7.89 (s, IH), 7.84 (d, IH), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.36 (m, 3H), 6.93 (d, IH), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 26A ethyl 1 -methyl-3 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate To a mixture of 60% oily NaH (20 mg) in DMF (5 mL) was added EXAMPLE 5 A

(0.1 g). After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, CH ₃ I (0.1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. Water and dichloromethane were added to the mixture, and the extract was separated and concentrated.

EXAMPLE 26B l-methyl-3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 26A for EXAMPLE 3B in EXAMPLE 3C. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.12 (brs, IH), 8.20 (d, IH), 7.86 (d,

IH), 7.69 (d, IH), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.44 (d, IH), 7.37 (t, IH), 7.30 (t, IH), 7.00 (t, IH), 6.87 (d, IH), 4.15 (t, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 27 3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-6-phenyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting phenylboronic acid for (E)-3-phenylprop- 1-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.00 (brs, IH), 11.65 (s, IH), 8.01 (d, IH), 7.83 (d, IH), 7.43 (m, 10H), 7.28 (m, IH), 6.83 (d, IH), 6.70 (d, IH), 3.65 (t, 2H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 28

6-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting 2-methylphenylboronic acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.97 (brs, IH), 11.62 (s, IH), 8.03 (d, IH), 7.83 (d, IH), 7.37 (m, 10H), 6.72 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, IH), 2.42 (m, IH), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.66 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 29 6-(3-methylphenyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting 3-methylphenylboromc acid for (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11C in EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.99 (brs, IH), 11.64 (s, IH), 8.01 (d, IH), 7.83 (d, IH), 7.35 (m, 10H), 6.82 (d, IH), 6.72 (d, IH), 3.67 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.74 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 30

6-(4-methylphenyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting 4-methylphenylboromc acid for (E)-3- phenylprop- 1 -enylboronic acid and EXAMPLE 2OC for EXAMPLE 11 C in

EXAMPLE 12. ¹ H NMR (SOO MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.98 (s, IH), 11.61 (s, IH), 8.00 (d, IH),

7.83 (d, IH), 7.36 (m, 10H), 6.80 (d, IH), 6.70 (d, IH), 3.63 (t, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.69 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 31A l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene

A mixture of 1-naphthol (3.45 g), 3-bromopropanol (1.75 mL), di-t-butyl-azo- dicarboxylate (5.52 g) and triphenylphosphine (6.28 g) in THF (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours and concentrated. The concentrate was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine and dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by silica gel chromatography with 0-7% ethyl acetate/hexane.

EXAMPLE 3 IB ethyl 3-bromo- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of ethyl-2-indole carboxylate (1.89 g) and N-bromosuccinimide (1.77 g) in THF (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water (150 mL) and filtered. The filtrant was washed with THF, dried under vacuum at 60 ⁰ C, and recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 31C ethyl 3 -bromo- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

EXAMPLE 3 IB (0.58 g) was added to a mixture of NaH (0.112 g) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, treated with EXAMPLE 3 IA (0.532 g) in DMF (3 mL), stirred at 8O ⁰ C for 1 hour, quenched with saturated NH ₄ Cl, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, and brine and dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by silica gel chromatography with 0-7% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 3 ID ethyl l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2-c arboxylate A mixture of EXAMPLE 31C (90 mg), ortho-tolboronic acid (54 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (18 mg), tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (5.8 mg), CsF (90 mg) in THF (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, diluted

with ethyl acetate and was washed with water and brine. The combineextract was dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated.

EXAMPLE 3 IE 3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 31D in IN LiOH:dioxane (0.5 mL: 2 mL) was heated under microwave conditions (CEM Discover) at 13O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. The mixture was quenched with INHCl aqueous mixture (0.5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated.. The concentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB-C18, 20-100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifiuoroacetic acid). ¹ H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.73 (bs, IH), 8.23 (d, IH), 7.87 (d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, IH), 7.26 (m, 4H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.04 (m, IH), 6.87 (d, 2H), 4.91 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 32A ethyl 3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 1- naphthaleneboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 32B

3 -( 1 -naphthyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 32A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.61 (bs, IH), 8.22 (d, IH), 7.96 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, IH), 7.74 (d, IH), 7.48 (m, 8H), 7.31 (m, IH), 7.25 (m, IH), 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, IH), 4.98 (t, 2H), 4.25 (t, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 33A ethyl 3 -(3 -(3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamoyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-

1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with N-(3-(N',N'- dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide-3-boronic acid pinacol ester in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 33B 3-(3 -(((3 -(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 33 A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.06 (bs, IH), 8.64 (t, IH), 8.25 (d, IH), 7.93 (s, IH), 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.53 (m, 5H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, IH), 7.11 (m, IH), 6.89 (d, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.78 (s, 6H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 34A ethyl 3 -(biphenyl-2-yl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 2- biphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 34B

3-( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 34A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.68 (br, IH), 8.24 (d, IH), 7.86(d, IH), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.38 (m, 6H), 7.08 (m, 7H), 6.93 (m, IH), 6.76 (d, IH), 4.78 (m, 2H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 2.22 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 35A 2-(3 -bromopropoxy)naphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol with 2-naphthol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 35B ethyl 3-bromo-l-(3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxy late This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 35A in

EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 35C

ethyl l-(3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl)-3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2-c arboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 31C with EXAMPLE 35B in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 35D

3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(2-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 35C in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.69 (br, IH), 7.82 (m, 2H), 7.73(d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.44 (m, IH), 7.33 (m, IH), 7.21 (m, 7H), 7.09 (m, IH), 7.04 (m, IH), 4.84 (t, 2H), 4.07 (t, 2H), 2.30 (m 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 36A

5-(3-bromopropoxy)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol with 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l- naphthol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 36B ethyl 3-bromo-l-(3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 36A in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 36C ethyl l-(3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-3-ortho-t olyl-lH-indole-2- carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 31 C with EXAMPLE 36B in

EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 36D

3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-y loxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 36C in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.69 (br, IH), 7.62 (d, IH), 7.29(m,

4H), 7.09(m, 3H), 6.98 (m, IH), 6.64 (m, 2H), 4.79 (t, 2H), 3.96 (t, 2H), 2.68 (m 2H), 2.61 (t, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.71 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 37A ethyl 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -m-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with m- tolylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 37B 3-(3-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 37A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.95 (br, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.50 (m, 4H), 7.38 (m, IH), 7.31 (m, IH), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.19 (s, IH), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.09 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.85 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.37 (m 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 38A ethyl 3 -(3 -chlorophenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 3- chlorophenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 38B

3-(3-chlorophenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 38A in EXAMPLE 31E. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.11 (br, IH), 8.17 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.69(d, IH), 7.45(m, 8H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.88 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 39A ethyl 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3-phenyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 39B

l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-phenyl-lH-indole-2-carboxyl ic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 39A in

EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.99 (br, IH), 8.24 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.52(m, 2H), 7.40 (m, 7H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.09 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.86 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 2.37 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 4OA ethyl 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboromc acid with 2-

(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 4OB

1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 40 A in

EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.75 (br, IH), 8.24 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.82 (d, IH), 7.69(m, 2H), 7.60 (m, IH), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.06 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.92 (t, 2H), 4.17 (t, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 41 A ethyl 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 3- (trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 4 IB 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(3 -(trifruoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 41 A in EXAMPLE 31E. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.13 (br, IH), 8.16 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.70 (m, 5H), 7.48(m, 3H), 7.38(m, 2H), 7.28 (m, IH), 7.13 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.90 (t, 2H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 42A

ethyl 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 4- (trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 42B 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 42A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.16 (br, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.70(d, IH), 7.63(d, 2H), 7.50 (m, 4H), 7.39 (m, IH), 7.27 (m, IH), 7.13 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.90 (t, 2H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 43A ethyl 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 4- (trifluoromethoxyphenylborom ^' c acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 43B 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 43 A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.09 (br, IH), 8.22 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.70 (m, 5H), 7.53(m, 4H), 7.43(m, 5H), 7.26(m, IH), 7.13 (m, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.88 (t, 2H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 44A ethyl 3 -(2,3 -dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 2,3- dimethylphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 44B

3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-ind ole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 44A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.67 (br, IH), 8.24 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.53(m, 3H), 7.38(m, IH), 7.23(m, IH), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.10 (m, 2H), 7.03 (m, IH), 6.99 (d, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.90 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 45A ethyl 3 -(2,5 -dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 2,5- dimethylphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 45B 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 45 A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.69 (br, IH), 8.19 (d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.66 (d, IH), 7.49(m, 3H), 7.38(m, IH), 7.23(m, IH), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.93 (d, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.90 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.27(s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 46A ethyl 3 -(3 ,4-dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 3,4- dimethylphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 46B 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 46A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.89 (br, IH), 8.22(d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.45(m, 5H), 7.22(m, IH), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.84 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 47A ethyl 3 -(3 ,5 -dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 3,5- dimethylphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 47B 3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 47A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.92 (br, IH), 8.19(d, IH), 7.87(d, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.48(m, 5H), 7.23(m, IH), 7.08 (m, IH), 6.97 (s, 3H), 6.87 (d, IH), 4.84 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.31(s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 48A ethyl 3 -(2,5 -dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 2,5- dimethoxyphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 48B 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indol e-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 48A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.73 (br, IH), 8.26(m, IH), 7.88(m, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.53(m, 3H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.22(m, IH), 7.08 (m, IH), 6.97 (d, IH), 6.89 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, IH), 4.84 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 49A ethyl 3 -(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting ortho-tolylboronic acid with 3,4- dimethoxyphenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 3 ID.

EXAMPLE 49B 3-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 49A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.95 (br, IH), 8.23(m, IH), 7.88(m,

IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.50(m, 4H), 7.38 (m, IH), 7.23(m, IH), 7.08 (m, IH), 7.02 (d, IH), 6.97

(d, IH), 6.94 (dd, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.84 (t, 2H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 5OA 1 -(4-bromobutoxy)naphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromopropanol with 4-bromobutanol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 5OB ethyl 3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of EXAMPLE 31B (1.08 g), ortho-tolylboronic acid (1.1 g), (1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (140 mg) in dimethoxyethane:2N aqueous Na ₂ CO ₃ (25 mL:5 mL) was stirred under nitrogen at 8O ⁰ C for 16 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate and was washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 0-10% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 5OC ethyl 1 -(4-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)butyl)-3 -ortho-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 5OA and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 5OD

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(4-( 1 -naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 31 D with EXAMPLE 5OC in

EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.69 (br, IH), 8.09(d, IH), 7.85(d, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.47(m, 3H), 7.38 (m, IH), 7.26(m, 4H), 7.16(m, IH), 7.09(m, 2H), 6.91 (d, IH), 4.75 (t, 2H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 2.02 (m, 5H), 1.86 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 51A

2-(4-bromobutoxy)naphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromopropanol with 4-bromobutanol and substituting 1-naphthol with 2-naphthol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 5 IB ethyl 1 -(4-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)butyl)-3 -ortho-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 5 IA and substituting EXAMPLE 31 B with EXAMPLE 5 OB in EXAMPLE 31 C .

EXAMPLE 51C

3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(4-(2-naphthyloxy)butyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 5 IB in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.69 (br, IH), 7.79(m, 3H), 7.69(d, IH), 7.44(m, IH), 7.32 (m, 5H), 7.21(m, IH), 7.1 l(m, 4H), 4.72(t, 2H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 52A 1 -(4-bromobutoxy)-2,3-dichlorobenzene

This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromopropanol with 4-bromobutanol and substituting 1-naphthol with 2,3-dichlorophenol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 52B ethyl l-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2-c arboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 52A and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 52C l-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-lH-indol e-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 52B in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.66 (br, IH), 7.67(d, IH), 7.34(m, IH), 7.26(m, 4H), 7.18(dd, IH), 7.14(m, IH), 7.08(m, 3H), 4.71(t, 2H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.76(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 53A ethyl 1 -(2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-o-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with 1 -(2-bromoethoxy)- 2,4-dichlorobenzene and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 53B

1 -(2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 53 A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.68 (br, IH), 7.75(d, IH), 7.49(d, IH), 7.35(m, IH), 7.28(m, 3H), 7.22 (m, IH), 7.14(m, 2H), 7.07(d, 2H), 5.07(t, 2H), 4.45 (t, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 54A ethyl l-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl)-3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2- carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with l-(3- bromopropoxy)-2,4-dichlorobenzene and EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 54B l-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-lH-indo le-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 54A in

EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.68 (br, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.59(d, IH), 7.35(dd, IH), 7.26(m, 4H), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.06(m, 3H), 4.78(t, 2H), 4.05 (t, 2H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 55

1 -(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 55A ethyl 1 -(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-ortho-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with l-(4- bromobutyoxy)-2,4-dichlorobenzene and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 55B 1 -(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 55 A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.68 (br, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.54(d, IH), 7.33(m, 2H), 7.24(m, 3H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 4.70(t, 2H), 4.07 (t, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 56A ethyl 3 -benzyl- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate A mixture of EXAMPLE 31C (100 mg), 0.5M benzyl zinc(II) bromide in THF (1.32 mL) and (l,r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (18 mg) in THF (2 mL) was stirred at 6O ⁰ C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed with water and brine and dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 0-8% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 56B

3-benzyl-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 56A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.34 (br, IH), 8.24(d, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.64(d, IH), 7.52(m, 3H), 7.46 (d, IH), 7.37 (m, IH), 7.22 (m, 5H), 7.11 (m, IH), 7.03 (m, IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.84(t, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.13 (t, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 57A ethyl 3-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting benzylzinc(II) bromide with (2- methylbenzyl)zinc(II) bromide in EXAMPLE 56A.

EXAMPLE 57B 3-(2-methylbenzyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 57A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.11 (br, IH), 8.24(d, IH), 7.87(m, IH),

7.61(d, IH), 7.52(m, 2H), 7.46 (m, IH), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.16(m, 2H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m,

IH), 6.86 (d, IH), 6.66 (d, IH), 4.88(t, 2H), 4.40(s, 2H), 4.13 (t, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 58A ethyl 3 -(3 -methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting benzyl zinc(II) bromide with (3- methylbenzyl)zinc(II) bromide in EXAMPLE 56A.

EXAMPLE 58B 3-(3-methylbenzyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 58A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.24 (br, IH), 8.24(d, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.62 (d, IH), 7.52(m, 3H), 7.46 (m, IH), 7.37 (m, IH), 7.16(m, IH), 7.03 (m, 4H), 6.92 (d, IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.84(t, 2H), 4.40(s, 2H), 4.13 (t, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 59A ethyl 3-(4-methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting benzylzinc(II) bromide with (4- methylbenzyl)zinc(II) bromide in EXAMPLE 56A.

EXAMPLE 59B

3-(4-methylbenzyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 59A in EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.23 (br, IH), 8.24(m, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.62 (d, IH), 7.52(m, 3H), 7.46 (m, IH), 7.37 (m, IH), 7.16(m, IH), 7.11 (d, IH), 7.01 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.84(t, 2H), 4.41(s, 2H), 4.13 (t, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 6OA ethyl 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting benzylzinc(II) bromide with (naphthalen-

2-ylmethyl)zinc(II) bromide in EXAMPLE 56A.

EXAMPLE 6OB

3-(2-naphthylmethyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 6OA in

EXAMPLE 3 IE. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.30 (br, IH), 8.25(m, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.74(m, 3H), 7.67 (d, IH), 7.59 (d, IH), 7.52(m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 5H), 7.18 (m, IH), 7.02 (m IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.86(t, 2H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.14(t, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 61

1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-phenylethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE 66 (18 mg), cyclohexene (0.5 mL), Pd/C (10%, 5 mg) in ethanol (2 mL) was heated under microwave conditions (CEM Discover) at HO ⁰ C for 20 minutes, filtered and concentrated. The product was purified by preparative reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB, C-18, 20% to 100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.15 (br, IH), 8.23(m, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.68 (m, IH), 7.53(m, 3H), 7.45 (d, IH), 7.37 (m, IH), 7.26(m, 4H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.83(t, 2H), 4.12(t, 2H), 3.30 (t, 2H), 2.83 (t, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 62 l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-lH-indole-2-c arboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 66 with EXAMPLE 67 in EXAMPLE 61. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.07 (br, IH), 8.23(d, IH), 7.87(m, IH), 7.59 (d, IH), 7.55(m, 3H), 7.44 (m, IH), 7.35 (m, IH), 7.26(m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 4H), 7.06 (m IH), 6.82(d, IH), 4.83(t, 2H), 4.12(t, 2H), 3.08 (t, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H), 2.29 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 63A

1 -(2-bromoethoxy)naphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 3-bromopropanol with 2-bromoethanol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 63B ethyl 1 -(2-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)ethyl)-3 -ortho-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 63 A and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 63 C

3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(2-(l-naphthyloxy)ethyl)-lH-indole-2-ca rboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 63B in EXAMPLE 31. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.82 (br, IH), 7.88(m, 2H), 7.79 (d, IH), 7.43(m, 3H), 7.33 (m, 4H), 7.21(m, IH), 7.12 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, IH), 5.22(m, 2H), 4.50(m, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 64A 2-(2-bromoethoxy)naphthalene

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol with 2-naphthol and substituting 3-bromopropanol with 2-bromoethanol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 64B ethyl 1 -(2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)ethyl)-3 -ortho-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 64A and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 64C 3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl)-lH-indole-2-ca rboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 64B in EXAMPLE 31. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 12.77 (br, IH), 7.78(m, 4H), 7.43 (m, IH), 7.37(m, IH), 7.29(m, 4H), 7.21 (m, IH), 7.14 (m IH), 7.09 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, IH), 5.08(m, 2H), 4.45(m, 2H), 1.99(s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 65A l-(2-bromoethoxy)-2,3-dichlorobenzene

This example was prepared by substituting 1-naphthol with 2,3-dichlorophenol and substituting 3-bromopropanol with 2-bromoethanol in EXAMPLE 3 IA.

EXAMPLE 65B ethyl l-(2-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-ortho-tolyl-lH-indole-2-c arboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 IA with EXAMPLE 65 A and substituting EXAMPLE 3 IB with EXAMPLE 5OB in EXAMPLE 31C.

EXAMPLE 65 C l-(2-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-lH-indol e-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3 ID with EXAMPLE 65B in EXAMPLE 31. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₅ ) δ 12.68 (br, IH), 7.75(d, IH), 7.35(m, IH), 7.24(m, 4H), 7.13 (m 3H), 7.09 (d, 2H), 5.08(m, 2H), 4.48(m, 2H), 2.01(s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 66

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((E)-2-phenylvinyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE 31C (100 mg), (E)-styrylboronic acid (39 mg), and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (8 mg) in 7:3:3 dimethoxy ethane :ethanol: IN aqueous LiOH (2 mL) was heated under microwave conditions (CEM Discover) at 13O ⁰ C for 30 minutes The mixture was quenched with INHCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB-C 18, 20 - 100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.59 (br, IH), 8.24(m, IH), 8.15(d, IH), 7.94(m, IH), 7.87 (m, IH), 7.69 (d, IH), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.46 (m, IH), 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.21 (m IH), 6.87 (d, IH), 4.87(t, 2H), 4.17(t, 2H), 2.34(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 67 l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-((lE)-3-phenylprop-l-enyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with (E)-3- phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.37 (br, IH), 8.22(d, IH), 7.87(m, 2H), 7.61(d, IH), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, IH), 7.35 (m, 5H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.10 (m, IH), 6.85(d, IH), 6.45 (m, IH), 4.81(t, 2H), 4.13(t, 2H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 2.30(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 68 3 -((E)-2-cyclohexylvinyl)-l -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with (E)-2- cyclohexylvinylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.30 (br, IH), 8.23 (m, IH), 7.91 (d, IH), 7.87 (m, IH), 7.60 (d, IH), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, IH), 7.37 (t, IH), 7.21 (t, IH), 7.12 (t, IH), 7.07 (dd, IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 6.25 (dd, IH), 4.81 (t, 2H), 4.13 (t, 2H), 2.29 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, IH), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, IH), 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 69

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(3 -(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbonyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with 3-(piperidine- l-carbonyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.04 (br, IH), 8.19 (d, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.68 (d, IH), 7.44 (m, 9H), 7.26 (t, IH), 7.11 (t, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.88 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.57 (br, 4H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.61 (br, 2H), 1.50 (br, 4H).

EXAMPLE 70 3 -(4-fluoro-3 -(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with 4-fluoro-3-

(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ) δ 13.06 (br, IH), 8.18 (d, IH), 7.86 (m, IH), 7.69 (d, IH), 7.45 (m, 8H), 7.27 (m, IH), 7.12 (t, IH), 6.88 (d, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.66 (s, 4H), 3.56 (br, 2H), 3.31 (br, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 71 3 -(3 -(((2-methoxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with 3-(2- methoxyethylcarbamoyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ) δ 13.01 (br, IH), 8.52 (t, IH), 8.25 (m, IH), 7.93 (s, IH), 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.68 (d, IH), 7.49

(m, 6H), 7.25 (m, IH), 7.11 (t, IH), 6.89 (d, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.46 (m, 4H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 72 3 -(3 -((dimethylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with 3-(N,N- dimethylsulfamoyl)phenylboronic acid in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 13.20 (br, IH), 8.20 (m, IH), 7.87 (m, IH), 7.73 (m, 5H), 7.47 (m, 5H), 7.28 (m, IH), 7.17 (m, IH), 6.87 (m, IH), 4.89 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 2.66 (s, 6H), 2.40 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 73 3-(3-(morphoiln-4-ylmethyl)phenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propy l)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting (E)-styrylboronic acid with 4-(3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)morpholine in EXAMPLE 66. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 10.01 (br, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.53 (m, 8H), 7.39 (t, IH), 7.28 (m, IH), 7.13 (t, IH), 6.89 (d, IH), 4.90 (t, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.98 (br, 2H), 3.65 (br, 2H), 3.29 (br, 2H), 3.14 (br, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 74A ethyl l-(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3-(piperidin- 1 -yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of EXAMPLE 31C (100 mg) , piperidine (57 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O) (20 mg), 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'- binaphthyl (26 mg)and Cs ₂ CO ₃ (216 mg) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at 100 ⁰ C for 48 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and was washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ) filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 0-10% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

EXAMPLE 74B

1 -(3 -(1-naphthy Io xy)propyl)-3-piperidin-l-yl-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 74A (30 mg) in IN aqueous LiOH/methanol/THF (1 mL/1 mL/1 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was acidified with INHCl (1 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ) filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (Zorbax SB- C18, 20-100% acetonitrile/water/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd ₆ ) δ 16.82 (s, IH), 8.08 (d, IH), 7.96 (d, IH), 7.85 (d, IH), 7.69 (d, IH), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.36 (t, IH), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.13 (t, IH), 6.83 (t, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 3.24 (br, 4H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.70 (br, 6H).

EXAMPLE 75 A ethyl 3-morpholino- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting piperidine with morpholine in EXAMPLE 74A.

EXAMPLE 75B

3-morpholin-4-yl-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-car boxylic acid This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 74A with EXAMPLE 75A in EXAMPLE 74B. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 15.74 (s, IH), 8.10 (d, IH), 7.93 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, IH), 7.71 (d, IH), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, IH), 7.36 (t, IH), 7.25 (m, IH), 7.14 (m, IH), 6.84 (d, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 3.81 (t, 4H), 3.26 (t, 4H), 2.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 76A ethyl 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(3 -(trifluoromethoxy)phenylamino)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate This example was prepared by substituting piperidine with 3-

(trifluoromethoxy)aniline in EXAMPLE 74A.

EXAMPLE 76B

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-((3 -(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 74A with EXAMPLE 76A in EXAMPLE 74B. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 13.23 (br, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 8.08 (br,

IH), 7.87 (m, IH), 7.64 (d, IH), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.37 (t, IH), 7.28 (d, IH), 7.20

(m, 2H), 7.00 (t, IH), 6.85 (d, IH), 6.74 (m, 2H), 6.63 (d, IH), 4.85 (t, 2H), 4.15 (t, 2H), 2.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 77A ethyl 3-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)piperidin- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate

This example was prepared by replacing piperidine with methyl piperidine-4- carboxylate in EXAMPLE 74A.

EXAMPLE 77B

3-(4-carboxypiperidin- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid This example was prepared by replacing EXAMPLE 74A with EXAMPLE 77A in EXAMPLE 74B. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 16.42 (s, IH), 12.39 (s, IH), 8.08 (d, IH), 7.94 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, IH), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.36 (t, IH), 7.25 (m, IH), 7.13 (t, IH), 6.83 (d, IH), 4.89 (t, 2H), 4.15 (t, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 79

3-anilino-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 79A methyl l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-3-(phenylamino)-4-o-tolyl-l H-indole-2- carboxylate A mixture of EXAMPLE 126C (42 mg, 0.079 mmol), aniline (8.71 μl, 0.095 mmol), xantphos (4.14 mg, 7.15 μmol), diacetoxypalladium (1.071 mg, 4.77 μmol) and dioxane (2 ml) was heated at 16O ⁰ C under microwave condition for 30 min. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 1/1 dichloromethane/hexane to provide the desired product.

EXAMPLE 79B 3-anilino-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture EXAMPLE 79A (34.1 mg) and sodium hydroxide (0.252 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) and methanol (1.000 ml) was stirred overnight and acidified withHCl. The resulting mixture was concentrated and the residue purified by RPHPLC (mobile phase: 10%- 100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 min) on a Cl 8 column. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-D ₆ ) 5 13.11 (s, IH), 8.21-8.31 (m, IH), 7.86-7.90 (m, IH), 7.65 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.49-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.49 (m, IH), 7.36-7.42 (m, IH), 7.26 (dd, J=8.29, 7.06Hz, IH), 6.92-7.00 (m, IH), 6.80-6.91 (m, 4H), 6.70-6.78 (m, 3H), 6.63 (s, IH), 6.46 (t, J=7.21Hz, IH), 6.06 (d, J=7.67Hz, 2H), 4.75-5.07 (m, 2H), 4.20 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=6.14Hz, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 80 3-(3-(l-naphthylthio)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 80A ethyl 3-(3-oxocyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl lH-indole-2-carboxylate (2.953 g) and cyclohex-2-enone (1.004 mL) were added to acetonitrile (50 mL). Bismuth (III) trifiuoromethanesulfonate (341 mg) was added, and the solution was heated at 65°C for two days. The solution was cooled, concentrated, and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 10% increasing to 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound.

EXAMPLE 80B ethyl 3-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

EXAMPLE 80A (931 mg) was added to methanol (20 mL), cooled to 0 ⁰ C, and treated with sodium borohydride (247 mg). The solution was mixed at O ⁰ C for one hour, quenched with IMHCl, and extracted with 70% ethyl acetate ( in hexanes). The solution was dried with brine and anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration, the solvent was removed under vacuum to provide the title compound.

EXAMPLE 80C ethyl 3-(3-(naphthalen-l-ylthio)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylat e l,r-(azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine (188 mg) was added to tetrahydrofuran (5 mL), cooled to 0 ⁰ C, and treated with trimethylphosphine (IM in toluene, 0.746 mL). The solution

was mixed at 0 ⁰ C for 15 minutes. Naphthalene- 1 -thiol (120 mg) was added followed by EXAMPLE 8OB (195 mg). The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and mix overnight. The solution was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound.

EXAMPLE 80D

3-(3-(l-naphthylthio)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid EXAMPLE 80C (64 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL), water (0.33 mL), and methanol (0.33 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (31 mg) was added, and the solution was mixed at ambient temperature overnight. The solution was made slightly acidic using IMHCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration, the solvent was removed under vacuum to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.95 (broad s, IH), 11.35 (s, IH), 8.52 (d, IH), 7.94 (dd, IH), 7.84 (dd, IH), 7.81 (d, IH), 7.64-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.46 (dd, IH), 7.38 (d, IH), 7.17 (td, IH), 6.97 (td, IH), 4.33 (m, IH), 3.85 (broad s, IH), 2.07-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.83-1.65 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 81 3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 81 A ethyl 3-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate The title compound was prepared by substituting diethyl azodicarboxylate, triphenylphosphine, and naphthalene- l-ol for l,l '-(azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine, trimethylphosphine, and naphthalene- 1 -thiol, respectively, in EXAMPLE 80C.

EXAMPLE 8 IB

3-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)cyclohexyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 81 A for EXAMPLE

80C in EXAMPLE 80D. ¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.94 (broad s, IH), 11.34 (s, IH), 8.47 (m, IH), 7.89-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.54 (t, 2H), 7.46-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.20 (t, IH),

7.00 (m, 2H), 5.06 (broad s, IH), 4.54 (tt, IH), 2.44 (td, IH), 2.21-2.08 (m, 4H), 1.83-1.75 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 88 1 -(2-methylbenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.06 (s, IH), 8.18-8.25 (m, IH), 7.84-

7.90 (m, IH), 7.78 (d, J=7.80Hz, IH), 7.48-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.48 (m, IH), 7.34-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.24 (t, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.18 (d, J=7.46Hz, IH), 6.99-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.87 (t, J=7.46Hz, 2H), 5.92 (d, J=7.46Hz, IH), 5.78 (s, 2H), 4.20 (t, J=6.10Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.29 (m, J=IJOHz, 2H).

EXAMPLE 89 1 -(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.04 (bs, IH), 8.18 - 8.25 (m, IH), 7.81-7.91 (m, IH), 7.68 (d, J=7.9Hz, IH), 7.48-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.45 (d, J=7.9Hz, IH), 7.34- 7.42 (m, IH), 7.27 (t, J=7.7Hz, IH), 7.00 (t, J=7.5Hz, IH), 6.88 (d, J=6.3Hz, IH), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.56 (t, J=5.9Hz, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.66 (t, J=5.8Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 90

1 -(3-methylbenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.17 (s, IH), 8.14-8.28 (m, IH), 7.79-

7.93 (m, IH), 7.74 (d, J=7.8Hz, IH), 7.42-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.40 (m, IH), 7.26 (t, J=7.6Hz, IH), 7.10 (t, J=7.5Hz, IH), 6.96-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.83-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.71 (d, J=7.5Hz, IH), 5.79 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.33-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 91

1 -(4-methylbenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.14 (s, IH), 8.10-8.28 (m, IH), 7.79- 7.95 (m, IH), 7.73 (d, J=7.9Hz, IH), 7.41-7.57 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.41 (m, IH), 7.25 (t, J=7.5Hz, IH), 7.02 (t, J=7.7Hz, 4H), 6.88 (t, J=7.9Hz, 4H), 5.77 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.32- 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 92

1 -( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-3-(3-(l -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d _g ) δ 13.04 (s, IH), 8.09-8.25 (m, IH), 7.81- 7.90 (m, IH), 7.76 (d, J=8.1Hz, IH), 7.41-7.56 (m, 8H), 7.33-7.41 (m, IH), 7.18-7.31 (m, 4H), 6.99-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.87 (d, J=6.8Hz, IH), 6.17 (d, J=7.8Hz, IH), 5.71 (s, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.33-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.28 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 93 1 -( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-3 -ylmethyl)-3-(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.12 (s, IH), 8.11-8.34 (m, IH), 7.80-

7.92 (m, IH), 7.74 (d, J=8.1Hz, IH), 7.20-7.61 (m, 15H), 7.02 (t, J=7.5Hz, IH), 6.94 (d, J=7.5Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=6.8Hz, IH), 5.91 (s, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.31-3.46 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.34 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 94

1 -( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3-(3-(l -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.20 (s, IH), 8.13-8.30 (m, IH), 7.80-

7.94 (m, IH), 7.68-7.81 (m, IH), 7.22-7.60 (m, 14H), 6.95-7.13 (m, 3H), 6.88 (d, J=6.4Hz, IH), 5.88 (s, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 95

1 -(2,4-dimethylbenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.03 (s, IH), 8.18-8.29 (m, IH), 7.81- 7.93 (m, IH), 7.77 (d, J=7.8Hz, IH), 7.31-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.17-7.29 (m, IH), 6.94-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=6.4Hz, IH), 6.66 (d, J=7.8Hz, IH), 5.84 (d, J=7.8Hz, IH), 5.73 (s, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 96 1 -(4-carboxybenzyl)-3-(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.04 (s, IH), 12.93 (s, IH), 8.06-8.30

(m, IH), 7.69-7.94 (m, 4H), 7.43-7.58 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.41 (m, IH), 7.27 (t, J=7.1Hz, IH),

6.97-7.12 (m, 3H), 6.88 (d, J=6.8Hz, IH), 5.89 (s, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=5.9Hz, 2H), 3.34-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 97 1 -((2S)-2-methyl-3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.91 (s, IH), 8.06-8.31 (m, IH), 7.77-

7.95 (m, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.7Hz, IH), 7.42-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.43 (m, 5H), 6.97 (d, J=6.7Hz, IH), 6.71-6.89 (m, 2H), 4.82-4.95 (m, IH), 4.66-4.83 (m, IH), 3.97-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.78 (m, IH), 1.98-2.15 (m, 3H), 1.07 (d, J=6.7Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 98

1 -((2R)-2-methyl-3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.91 (s, IH), 8.06-8.31 (m, IH), 7.77-

7.95 (m, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.7Hz, IH), 7.42-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.43 (m, 5H), 6.97 (d, J=6.7Hz, IH), 6.71-6.89 (m, 2H), 4.82-4.95 (m, IH), 4.66-4.83 (m, IH), 3.97-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.78 (m, IH), 1.98-2.15 (m, 3H), 1.07 (d, J=6.7Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 99

3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 -(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (500MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.30 (br. s, IH) 8.61-8.69 (m, 2H)

8.19 (d, IH) 7.78-7.90 (m, 2H) 7.26-7.57 (m, 8H) 7.10 (t, IH) 6.89 (d, IH) 6.02 (s, 2H) 4.21 (t, 2H) 3.40 (t, 2H) 2.21-2.29 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 100 3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.51-8.57 (m, IH) 8.17-8.23 (m, IH)

7.84-7.89 (m, IH) 7.71-7.79 (m, 2H) 7.42-7.57 (m, 4H) 7.38 (t, IH) 7.24-7.35 (m, 2H) 7.06 (t, IH) 6.89 (d, IH) 6.77 (d, IH) 5.91 (s, 2H) 4.19 (t, 2H) 3.38 (t, 2H) 2.19-2.30 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 101

1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(2-( 1 -naphthyloxy)ethoxy)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 101 A ethyl 3-bromo- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of ethyl 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate (9.45 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (8.89 g, 50 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved with water (100 ml) and diethyl ether (300 ml). The organic layer was washed with water brine and dried over Na2SC>4. After filtration, concentration of solvent afforded the title compound.

EXAMPLE 101B ethyl 3-bromo- 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate To a solution of EXAMPLE 101 A (5.9 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5OmL) was added l-(bromomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene(4.85 g) and CS2CO3 (25 g). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ether (30OmL) and water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether twice. The combined extracts were washed with water (x3), brine and dried over Na2SC>4. Concentration of the solvent gave

EXAMPLE 10 IB.

EXAMPLE IOIC ethyl 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(2-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)ethoxy)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 101B (388 mg) and 2-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)ethanol (188 mg)in toluene (3 ml) was added l,l'-binaphthyl-2-yldi-tert-butylphosphine (7.5 mg), palladium(II) acetate (5 mg) and CS2CO3 (488 mg). The mixture was purged with argon and stirred at room temperature and then heated at 8O ⁰ C overnight. After this time the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water, brine and dried over Na2SC>4. After concentration of the solvent, the residue was loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane to give EXAMPLE IOIC.

EXAMPLE 101D

1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(2-( 1 -naphthyloxy)ethoxy)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

To a solution of EXAMPLE IOIC (80 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml), methanol (1 ml) and water (ImI) was added LiOH (100 mg). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was then acidified with 5%HC1 and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml). The organic layer was washed with water, brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . After concentration of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in DMSO/methanol (1 :1 , 1.5 ml) and purified via reverse phaseHPLC. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.99 (m,

IH), 8.01 (m, IH), 7.86 (m, IH), 7.73 (m, IH), 7.46 (m, 6H), 7.27 (m, IH), 6.98 (m, 3H), 6.74 (m, 2H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 4.64 (m, 2H), 4.48 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 102

1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)prop- 1 -ynyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 102A ethyl 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)prop- 1 -ynyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate To a solution of EXAMPLE 101B (3.89 g) in acetonitrile (20 ml) was added

Pd(PhCN) ₂ Cl ₂ (38 mg), dicyclohexyl(2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (143 mg), and Cs ₂ CC>3 (3.91 g). The mixture was purged with argon and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. After this time, l-(prop-2-ynyloxy)naphthalene (2.2 g) was added to the mixture which was purged with argon again. The mixture was then stirred at 8O ⁰ C for 3 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 ml) and washed with water, brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . After filtration, the solvent was concentrated and the residue was loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane to give EXAMPLE 102A.

EXAMPLE 102B 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)-3 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)prop- 1 -ynyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared via ester hydrolysis as detailed in the procedure for EXAMPLE 101D, substituting EXAMPLE 102A for EXAMPLE IOIC. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.57 (m, IH), 8.20 (m, IH), 7.90 (m, IH), 7.57 (m, 6H), 7.25 (m,

3H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 6.80 (d, 2H), 5.78 (s, 2H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 103

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.92 (m, IH), 8.26 (m, IH), 7.87 (m,

IH), 7.65 (m, IH), 7.38 (m, 9H), 6.98 (m, IH), 6.89 (m, IH), 6.78 (s, IH), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 104

4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.89 (m, IH), 8.28 (m, IH), 7.87 (m,

IH), 7.37 (m, 9H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.58 (m, IH), 4.91 (t, 2H), 4.17 (t, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.87 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 105 l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(l,3,5-trimethyl-lH-pyrazol-4- yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.25 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.41 (m, 6H), 6.91 (m, 4H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 106

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 106A ethyl 4-bromo- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of ethyl bromoacetate (42 g) in ethanol (120 mL) was added a solution of NaN _β (25 g) in water (60 ml). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 4 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was partitioned between ether (300 mL) and water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was further extracted with ether. The combined extracts were washed with water (x3), brine and dried over Na2SC>4. After filtration, careful concentration of solvent gave ethyl azidoacetate (26 g) which was dissolved in ethanol (100 ml) and 2-bromobenzaldehyde (12.5 g) was added to the solution which was then added dropwise to a cooled (-15 ⁰ C) solution of sodium ethoxide (prepared from Na (5.2 g) and ethanol (6OmI)). The mixture was stirred at O ⁰ C for 4 hours before poured into a mixture of

ice and saturated aqueous NH4CI solution. The mixture was filtered and the precipitate was washed with water and dissolved in ethyl acetate and dried over Na2SC>4. Concentration of solvent gave crude intermediate, which was dissolved in xylene (100 ml) and added dropwise to refluxing xylene under nitrogen. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. Concentration of the mixture under vacuum gave the crude product, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (2% ethyl acetate in hexane).

EXAMPLE 106B ethyl 4-bromo-l -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate To a solution of EXAMPLE 106A (5.5 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (60 mL) was added l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene (5.4 g) and CS2CO3 (22 g). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ether (300 mL) and water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether twice. The combined extracts were washed with water (x3), brine and dried over Na2SOφ Concentration of the mixture gave crude product, which was purified by flash chromatography (2% ethyl acetate in hexane).

EXAMPLE 106C ethyl 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 106B (438 mg) and cyclohexanone (196 mg) in dioxane (3 ml) was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (5 mg), 4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos, 7 mg) and CS2CO3 (652 mg). The mixture was stirred at 8O ⁰ C under nitrogen overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and shaken with water. The product was extracted with ether (200 ml x 3). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, and dried over Na2SC>4. After filtration, concentration of the mixture and flash column purification (3% ethyl acetate in hexane) provided EXAMPLE 106C .

EXAMPLE 106D

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared via ester hydrolysis as detailed in the procedure for EXAMPLE 101D, substituting EXAMPLE 106C for EXAMPLE IOIC ¹ H NMR (300 MHz,

dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.86 (m, IH), 8.28 (m, IH), 7.87 (m, IH), 7.46 (m, 5H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 6.89 (m, 2H), 4.87 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 3H), 2.70 (m, IH), 2.04 (m, 9H).

EXAMPLE 107 4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 107A methyl 4-bromo-3-fbrmyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylate To a solution of methyl 4-bromo-lH-indole-2-carboxylate (4.09 g) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was added a mixture of POCI3 (3.7 g) and N,N- dimethylformamide (1.76 g). The mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and 2M sodium acetate solution in water (200 mL). The mixture was stirred thoroughly for 1 hour. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with water (x3), brine and dried over Na2SO4.

After filtration, concentration of the mixture gave the title compound, which was used in next step without purification.

EXAMPLE 107B methyl 4-bromo-3 -formyl- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 107A (1.76 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene (1.66 g) and CS2CO3 (6.10 g). The mixture was stirred for 3 days at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with water (x 3) and brine and dried over Na2SC>4. After filtration, concentration of solvent gave crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (5% ethyl acetate in hexane).

EXAMPLE 107C methyl 3 -formyl- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of EXAMPLE 107B (0.5 g) and o-tolylboronic acid (175 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (25 mg), tri-t-

butyl-phosphonium tetrafluoroborate (16 mg) and CsF (489 mg). The mixture was purged with Argon and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water and brine and dried over Na ₂ SC> ₄ . After filtration, concentration of the solvent and column purification (5% ethyl acetate in hexane) provided EXAMPLE 107C.

EXAMPLE 107D 4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -(moφholin-4-ylmethyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid To a solution of EXAMPLE 107C (50 mg) in dichloroethane (3 ml) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (35 mg) and morpholine (15 mg). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and washed with water, brine, and dried over Na2SO4. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (4 ml), methanol (2 mL) and water (2 ml) and LiOH (100 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue neutralized with aqueous NH4CI and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3).

The combined extracts were dried and concentrated to give crude product, which was purified by RPHPLC. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.25 (m, IH), 7.86 (m,

2H), 7.45 (m, 9H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 4.99 (m, 2H), 4.47 (m, IH), 4.25 (t, 2H), 3.60 (m, 10H), 2.43 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 108

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(pyrrolidin- 1 -ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.84 (m, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 7.86 (m,

2H), 7.48 (m, 9H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 4.99 (m, 2H), 4.47 (m, IH), 4.26 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.61 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 109

3 -((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.58 (m, IH), 8.27 (m, IH), 7.84 (m,

2H), 7.44 (m, 9H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 5.00 (m, 2H), 4.37 (m, IH), 4.24 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 6H), 2.15 (m, 3H), 1.92 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 110

3 -(((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.35 (m, 2H), 7.90 (m, IH), 7.77 (m,

IH), 7.43 (m, 9H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 4.95 (m, 2H), 4.22 (m, 3H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, IH), 2.06 (m, IH), 1.91 (m, 3H), 1.56 (m, 4H), 1.18 (m, 3H), 0.76 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 111

4-(2-morpholin-4-ylcyclohexyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 9.69 (m, IH), 8.24 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.49 (m, 7H), 7.21 (m, IH), 6.86 (m, IH), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 3H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 3.82 (m, 4H), 2.91 (m, 4H), 2.27 (m, 3H), 1.92 (m, 3H), 1.49 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 112

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)methyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.25 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.73 (m,

IH), 7.40 (m, 8H), 6.90 (m, 2H), 6.65 (m, IH), 4.90 (m, 2H), 4.23 (m, 3H), 3.36 (m, 4H), 2.85 (m, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 113

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(piperidin- 1 -ylmethyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.26 (m, IH), 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m,

10H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 4.97 (m, 2H), 4.46 (m, IH), 4.25 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.35 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 114

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3 -((4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.27 (m, IH), 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m,

8H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 4.98 (m, 2H), 4.44 (m, IH), 4.24 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.36 (m, 8H), 0.79 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 115

3-((benzyl(methyl)amino)methyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.23 (m, IH), 7.83 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m,

10H), 7.19 (m, 5H), 6.91 (m, 2H), 5.01 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 116

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-((methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)me thyl)-l-(3-(l- naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.57 (m, IH), 8.23 (m, IH), 7.84 (m,

3H), 7.47 (m, 8H), 7.24 (m, 4H), 6.91 (m, 2H), 4.94 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 4H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.88 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 117

4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-((methyl(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino)me thyl)-l-(3-(l- naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 9.32 (m, IH), 8.78 (m, IH), 8.69 (m, IH), 8.25 (m, IH), 8.01 (m, IH), 7.89 (m, IH), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.66 (m, IH), 7.43 (m, 6H), 7.20 (m, 4H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 4.98 (m, 2H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 118 4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-((methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methy l)-l-(3-(l- naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.76 (m, 2H), 8.23 (m, IH), 7.82 (m,

2H), 7.48 (m, 7H), 7.21 (m, 4H), 6.90 (m, 2H), 4.96 (m, 2H), 4.25 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 119

4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.36 (m, IH), 7.81 (m, IH), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, IH), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, IH), 6.96 (m, 3H), 6.65 (m, 4H), 4.81 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 120 4-(2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.39 (m, IH), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 7H), 7.29 (m, IH), 7.03 (s, IH), 6.92 (m, IH), 6.72 (m, IH), 4.92 (m, 2H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 121

4-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (300 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.28 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.65 (m,

IH), 7.40 (m, 8H), 6.89 (m, 2H), 6.63 (s, IH), 4.90 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 122 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.37 (m, IH), 7.81 (m, 3H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 5H), 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.99 (m, IH), 6.68 (m, 2H), 4.84 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, 4H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 123

4-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex- 1 -en-1 -yl)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.36 (m, IH), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.02 (m, IH), 6.89 (m, IH), 6.65 (m, 3H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 4.81 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 2.52 (m, 4H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 124

4-(5 -fluoro-2-methyl-3 -((methylsulfonyl)methyl)phenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- IH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.36 (m, IH), 7.81 (m, IH), 7.48 (m, 4H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, IH), 7.08 (m, 2H), 6.99 (m, IH), 6.72 (m, IH), 4.92 (m, 2H), 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.51 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 125

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-phenyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 126A (36 mg), phenylboronic acid (12.5 mg), K ₂ CO ₃ (1 M, 0.17 ml) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (7.2 mg) in a mixture of 1,2- dimethoxyethane (2.2 ml), ethanol (0.6 ml) and water (0.9 ml) was heated at 16O ⁰ C in a microwave reactor (CEM Discover) for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was acidified with a diluted trifluoroacetic acid methanol solution (3: 1) and concentrated. The residue was suspended in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol (1 :1) and filtered. The filtrate was purified by RPHPLC (mobile phase: 10%- 100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 min) on a Cl 8 column to provide the desired product. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.26-8.31 (m, IH), 7.82-7.94 (m, IH), 7.69 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.50- 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.49 (m, IH), 7.41 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=8.39, 7.17Hz, IH), 6.87- 6.94 (m, 3H), 6.78-6.87 (m, 7H), 6.72 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 4.76-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.25 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.38-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.73 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 126

3-bromo-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH -indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 126A

methyl 4-o-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of 4-bromo-lH-indole (1.5 g) and o-tolylboronic acid (1.135 g) in dioxane (20 ml) was added tri-(t-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate (0.101 g), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.159 g) and CsF (3.17 g). The reaction mixture was immediately purged with nitrogen, and 2 ml of methanol was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane to provide the desired product.

EXAMPLE 126B methyl 3-bromo-4-o-tolyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 126A (205 mg) in dichloromethane (5 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) at O ⁰ C was added dropwise N-bromosuccinimide (144 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (3 ml). The mixture was stirred while the ice bath slowly reached room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0-100% dichloromethane in hexane to provide the desired product.

EXAMPLE 126C methyl 3-bromo- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 126B (1.14 g) and l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene (0.922 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added cesium carbonate (2.158 g). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0-50% dichloromethane in hexane to provide the title product.

EXAMPLE 126D

3-bromo-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH -indole-2-carboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE 126C (22 mg), NaOH (0.167 ml), methanol ( 1.5 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (1.500 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 36 hours, acidified withHCl and concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC (mobile phase: 10%- 100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 minutes) on a Cl 8 column to provide

the title compound. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dichloromethane-d ₂ ) δ 8.30-8.40 (m, IH), 7.79-7.85 (m, IH), 7.56 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.35 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.18 (m, IH), 6.93 (d, J=7.02Hz, IH), 6.75 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 4.78-5.03 (m, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=5.65Hz, 2H), 2.37-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 128 4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-((4-methylphenyl)amino)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid 1H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.20 (s, IH), 8.21-8.32 (m, IH), 7.84-

7.92 (m, IH), 7.63 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.50-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.39 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.19-7.29 (m, IH), 6.94-7.03 (m, IH), 6.82-6.92 (m, 4H), 6.72 (d, J=7.02Hz, IH), 6.50-6.62 (m, 3H), 5.98 (d, J=8.54Hz, 2H), 4.66-5.08 (m, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 129 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)p ropyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (SOO MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.71 (s, IH), 8.91 (s, IH), 8.24-8.37 (m, IH), 7.86-7.92 (m, IH), 7.66 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.50-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.50 (m, IH), 7.40 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.27 (dd, J=8.54, 7.02Hz, IH), 6.81-7.01 (m, 4H), 6.77 (d, J=7.32Hz, 2H), 6.59 (d, J=7.63Hz, 2H), 6.22 (d, J=8.24Hz, 2H), 4.61-5.08 (m, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.73 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 130

3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthylox y)propyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.79 (s, IH), 8.79 (s, IH), 8.14-8.47 (m, IH), 7.83-7.92 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.51-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.50 (m, IH), 7.41 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.28 (dd, J=8.24, 7.02Hz, IH), 6.89-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.75-6.87 (m, 4H), 6.53-6.61 (m, IH), 6.27-6.33 (m, 2H), 6.18 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 4.67-5.03 (m, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.42 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H).

- I l l -

EXAMPLE 131 4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.49 (s, br, 2H), 8.30 (d, J=6.10Hz, 2H), 8.25 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.82 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.45-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=5.19Hz, 2H), 6.97-7.04 (m, IH), 6.84-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.80 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 4.82-5.09 (m, 2H), 4.28 (t, J=5.65Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.48 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 132 4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -pyridin-3 -yl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.27 (s, IH), 8.41 (d, J=5.19Hz, 2H), 8.21-8.32 (m, IH), 7.78-7.92 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.50 (m, IH), 7.37-7.44 (m, 3H), 6.95-7.02 (m, IH), 6.88-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.80 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 4.83-5.19 (m, 2H), 4.28 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.48 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.48 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, IH).

EXAMPLE 133 3-cyano-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-in dole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 133 A methyl 3-cyano-l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl-lH-indole -2-carboxylate

A mixture of EXAMPLE 126C (100 mg), dicyanozinc (222 mg) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (21.87 mg, 0.019 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4 ml) was heated at 18O ⁰ C for 400 seconds in a microwave reactor (CEM Discover) and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 50%- 100% dichloromethane in hexane to provide the desired product.

EXAMPLE 133B 3-cyano-4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-in dole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 133A (16 mg) and sodium hydroxide (200 μl) in tetrahydrofuran (0.5 ml) and methanol (0.5 ml) was stirred overnight, neutralized with dilutedHCl, and concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC to provide the desired

product. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 14.24 (s, IH), 8.14 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.86 (dd, J=7.48, 5.65Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.61 (m, 5H), 7.18-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.12 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 7.06 (d, J=7.02Hz, IH), 6.89 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 4.77-5.18 (m, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=5.03Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 134 3-bromo-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-car boxylic acid

EXAMPLE 134A ethyl 3-bromo-5-fluoro-lH-indole-2-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 126A with ethyl 5- fluoro-lH-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 126B.

EXAMPLE 134B To a solution of EXAMPLE 134A (465 mg) and l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene

(431 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) was added cesium carbonate (1059 mg). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC to provide ethyl 3-bromo-5-fluoro-l-(3-(naphthalen-l- yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate. This ester was hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH in tetrahydrofuran and methanol to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-D ₆ ) δ 8.13 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.85 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.42-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.37 (t, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.27 (dd, J=8.90, 2.45Hz, IH), 7.10-7.20 (m, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.87 (t, J=6.90Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.21-2.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 135 5 -(benzyloxy)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 135 A ethyl 5 -(benzyloxy)-3 -bromo- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 126A with ethyl 5-

(benzyloxy)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 126B.

EXAMPLE 135B ethyl 5 -(benzyloxy)-3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -(naphthalan- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylate To a solution of EXAMPLE135A (500 mg) and l-(3-bromopropoxy)naphthalene

(354 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) was added CS ₂ CO3 (871 mg). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0%-50% dichloromethane in hexane, to provide the desired product.

EXAMPLE 135 C

5 -(benzyloxy)- 1 -(3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid A mixture of EXAMPLE 135B (30 mg), 2-(trifiuoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (15.3 mg), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (3.1 mg) and cesium fluoride (16.3 mg) in dimethoxyethane (1.4 ml) and methanol (0.7 ml) was heated at 100 ⁰ C in a microwave reactor (CEM Discover) for 30 minutes and was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0%-100% dichloromethane in hexane, to provide ethyl 5- (benzyloxy)- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-3 -(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate. This ester was hydro lyzed with aqueous NaOH in tetrahydrofuran and methanol to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-de) δ 12.67 (s, IH), 8.04-8.40 (m, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 7.82 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.69 (t, J=7.32Hz, IH), 7.57-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.41 (m, 7H), 6.97 (dd, J=9.00, 2.29Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 6.55 (d, J=2.14Hz, IH), 4.83-4.98 (m, 4H), 4.05-4.24 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.40 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 136

5 -fluoro-3 -(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.87 (s, IH), 8.17 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH),

7.86 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=9.15, 4.27Hz, IH), 7.42-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.24-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.22 (t, J=7.32Hz, IH), 7.07-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.87 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH),

6.75 (dd, J=9.31, 2.59Hz, IH), 4.77-5.03 (m, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 137 5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.08 (s, IH), 8.21 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.65 (dd, J=9.00, 4.12Hz, IH), 7.47-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=7.78Hz, IH), 7.24 (s, IH), 7.01-7.11 (m, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 4.88 (t, J=6.87Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.49Hz, 2H), 2.21-2.37 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 138 5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)p henyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.89 (s, IH), 8.19 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.82 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.75 (dd, J=9.15, 4.27Hz, IH), 7.69 (t,

J=7.48Hz, IH), 7.61 (t, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.43-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.34 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.07-7.16 (m, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 6.73 (dd, J=9.31, 2.29Hz, IH), 4.72-5.16 (m, 2H), 4.06-4.28 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.42 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 139

5-fluoro-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.81 (s, IH), 8.14 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=9.15, 4.27Hz, IH), 7.50-7.55 (m, IH), 7.44-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.16-7.22 (m, IH), 7.09-7.15 (m, IH), 7.03-7.07 (m, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 6.70 (dd, J=9.15, 2.44Hz, IH), 4.72-5.06 (m, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.58-2.78 (m, IH), 2.24-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.01 (d, J=6.71Hz, 3H), 0.94 (d, J=7.02Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 140

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -((3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)- IH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.09 (s, IH), 8.20-8.35 (m, IH), 7.81- 7.92 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.50-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.39 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.27 (dd, J=8.39, 7.17Hz, IH), 7.10 (s, IH), 6.82-6.98 (m, 4H), 6.74-6.82 (m,

3H), 6.30 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 5.96 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 5.90 (s, IH), 4.78-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.89 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 141 5-(benzyloxy)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-((3-(trifluorome thoxy)phenyl)amino)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.22 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 8.04 (s, IH), 7.86 (dd, J=7.21, 1.69Hz, IH), 7.57 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.48-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.47 (m, IH), 7.28-7.41 (m, 6H), 7.17 (t, J=8.13Hz, IH), 6.92-6.99 (m, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 6.76 (d, J=2.45Hz, IH), 6.64-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=6.14Hz, IH), 4.94 (s, 2H), 4.78-4.86 (m, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.98Hz, IH), 2.24-2.35 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 142

5-(benzyloxy)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carbox ylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.23 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.86 (d,

J=7.06Hz, IH), 7.49-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.39 (t, J=7.06Hz, 3H), 7.29-7.36 (m, IH), 7.23 (d, J=2.15Hz, IH), 7.14 (s, IH), 6.91 (dd, J=8.90, 2.46Hz, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.83 (t, J=6.60Hz, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=6.29Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.34 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 143 5-(benzyloxy)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)prop yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.19 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.86 (d,

J=7.36Hz, IH), 7.60 (d, J=9.51Hz, IH), 7.43-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.43 (m, 8H), 7.13-7.21 (m, IH), 7.04 (d, J=6.75Hz, IH), 6.98 (dd, J=9.21, 2.45Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 6.53 (d, J=2.15Hz, IH), 4.74-5.06 (m, 4H), 4.16 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.81 (m, IH), 2.27-2.42 (m, 2H), 1.00 (d, J=7.06Hz, 3H), 0.92 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 144 3-(2-(te-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)p ropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.22 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.70 (dd, J=9.05, 4.14Hz, IH), 7.43-7.57 (m, 4H), 7.26-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.15 (dd, J=7.36, 1.23Hz, IH), 7.05-7.12 (m, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 6.77 (dd, J=9.51, 2.45Hz, IH), 4.77-5.04 (m, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 4.11 (q, J=10.74Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.42 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.88 (m, 9H).

EXAMPLE 145 5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(2-((3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.17 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.85 (d,

J=7.36Hz, IH), 7.66 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.38-7.60 (m, 6H), 7.21-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.12 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.03-7.11 (m, IH), 6.92 (dd, J=8.13, 1.99Hz, IH), 6.75-6.83 (m, 3H), 4.73- 5.00 (m, 4H), 3.96-4.15 (m, J=6.44Hz, 2H), 2.17-2.29 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 146

5-chloro-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl )-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.10 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.75 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.52 (t, J=6.90Hz, IH), 7.43-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.90, 1.84Hz, IH), 7.15-7.22 (m, IH), 7.04 (d, J=6.75Hz, IH), 6.98 (d, J= 1.84Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.92 (t, J=7.36Hz, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.59- 2.74 (m, IH), 2.30-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.01 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H), 0.92 (d, J=7.06Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 147

5-chloro-3-(2-methylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-i ndole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.13 (d, J=8.59Hz, IH), 7.86 (d,

J=8.59Hz, IH), 7.74 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.42-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.17-7.34 (m, 4H), 7.12 (d, J=7.06Hz, IH), 7.02 (d, J=I .84Hz, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.75-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.32-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 148

5 -hydroxy-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(5 , 6, 7 , 8 -tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- IH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.84 (s, IH), 7.35-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.32 (t, J=6.75Hz, IH), 7.13-7.21 (m, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 6.98 (t, J=8.13Hz, IH), 6.80 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 6.63 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 6.59 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 6.37 (d, J=2.15Hz, IH), 4.72 (t, J=7.36Hz, 2H), 3.92 (t, J=5.98Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.04 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 149 5 -hydroxy-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 149A ethyl 5 -(benzyloxy)-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen-1 -yloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2- carboxylate

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure for EXAMPLE 135C by substituting 2-(isopropyl)phenylboronic acid for 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid.

EXAMPLE 149B ethyl 5 -hydroxy-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate A mixture of EXAMPLE 149A (250 mg) and dihydroxypalladium (on carbon) (20 mg) in tetrahydrofuran was stirred a room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere (30 psi) for 29 hours. The insoluble material was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane to provide the title compound.

EXAMPLE 149C

5 -hydroxy-3 -(2-isopropylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid To a solution of EXAMPLE 149B (22 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) and methanol (2 ml) was added 10% NaOH 0.3 ml. The reaction was heated at 7O ⁰ C for 24 hours, cooled, acidified with diluted aqueousHCl and concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.83 (s, IH), 8.20-8.23 (m, IH), 7.85-7.88 (m, IH), 7.45-7.55 (m, 5H), 7.34-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.34 (m, IH), 7.17 (td, J=7.36, 1.23Hz, IH), 7.04 (dd, J=7.52, 1.38Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH),

6.75 (dd, J=8.90, 2.45Hz, IH), 6.37 (d, J=2.15Hz, IH), 4.84 (t, J=7.52Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 2.63-2.87 (m, IH), 2.25-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.02 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=7.06Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 150

3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-5-(4-morpholin-4-ylbutoxy)-l -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-

2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 149A (36 mg), l-chloro-4-iodobutane (0.043 ml) and cesium carbonate (116 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The inorganic salt was filtered off. To the N,N-dimethylformamide solution was added morpholine (0.2 ml) and the resulting mixture was heated at 60 ⁰ C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by RPHPLC (mobile phase: 10%-100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 min) on a C18 column to give ethyl 3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-5-(4-morpholinobutoxy)-l-(3-(naphthale n- l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate. This ester was hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 9.52 (s, IH), 8.20 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.59 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.43-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.14-7.23 (m, IH), 7.06 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 6.89 (dd, J=9.05, 2.30Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 6.43 (d, J=2.45Hz, IH), 4.88 (t, J=7.21Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 3.89-4.03 (m, J=I 1.97Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, br, 2H), 2.61-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.85 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 151 5-fluoro- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-3 -( 1 ,3 ,5 -trimethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

A mixture of l,3,5-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)-lH- pyrazole (43.2 mg), ethyl 3-bromo-5-fluoro-l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole- 2- carboxylate (The synthesis of this compound was described in EXAMPLE 134B as an intermediate) (43 mg) , dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (15.01 mg) and K ₃ PO ₄ (58.2 mg) in toluene (2.1 ml) was heated in a microwave reactor (CEM Discover) at 110 ⁰ C for 2 hours. The reaction was directly loaded into a silica cartridge, and eluted with 0%-25% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane. The collected desired ester was hydrolized with

NaOH in tetrahydrofuran-methanol-EbO at 5O ⁰ C overnight to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.15 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 7.71 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.42-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.41 (m, IH), 7.05-7.16 (m, IH), 6.92 (dd, J=9.36, 2.61Hz, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.69-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 152 3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-phenyl-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of ethyl 5-chloro-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)prop yl)- lH-indole-2-carboxylate (the synthesis of this compound was similar to the intermediate described in EXAMPLE 134) (56 mg), phenylboronic acid (26 mg), diacetoxypalladium (2.39 mg), dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (8.74 mg) and K ₃ PO ₄ (67.8 mg) was heated at 18O ⁰ C in a CEM microwave synthesizer for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0-50% dichloromethane in hexane. The collected desired ester was saponified with NaOH in tetrahydrofuran-methanol-H2θ at 5O ⁰ C overnight to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.76 (s, IH), 8.17 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.43-7.58 (m, 6H), 7.32-7.44 (m, 5H), 7.28 (t, J=7.21Hz, IH), 7.22 (d, J=I.84Hz, IH), 7.16-7.21 (m, IH), 7.06-7.12 (m, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.95 (t, J=7.06Hz, 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.14Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.82 (m, J=7.06Hz, IH), 2.37-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.03 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 153

3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.72 (s, IH), 8.19 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.42-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.37 (t, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.05-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.84 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 6.62 (dd, J=9.05, 2.61Hz, IH), 4.93 (t, J=6.90Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=5.98Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.87 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 154

3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.20 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.83-7.91 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.43-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.22-7.28 (m, IH), 7.13-

7.22 (m, IH), 6.98-7.11 (m, 3H), 6.86 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.83-4.97 (m, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=5.98Hz, 2H), 2.62-2.75 (m, IH), 2.29-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.02 (d, J=6.75Hz, 3H), 0.94 (d, J=7.06Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 155

1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-5-(( 1 E)-pent- 1 -enyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.94 (s, IH), 8.24 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.60 (s, IH), 7.48-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.46 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.37 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.32 (dd, J=8.85, 1.22Hz, IH), 7.20 (s, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 6.44 (d, J=15.87Hz, IH), 6.12-6.25 (m, IH), 4.85 (t, J=6.87Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.53 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.32Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 156

3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH-indole -2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.59 (s, IH), 8.21-8.27 (m, IH), 7.83-

7.89 (m, IH), 7.68 (d, J=8.59Hz, IH), 7.42-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.37 (t, J=7.82Hz, IH), 7.20-7.27 (m, IH), 7.07-7.18 (m, 3H), 6.94-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 4.94 (t, J=7.06Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.32-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 157 l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-3-(l,3,5-trimethyl-lH-pyrazol-4- yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.20 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.66 (d, J=8.90Hz, IH), 7.42-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.40 (m, IH), 7.20-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.07 (t, J=7.52Hz, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 4.73-5.02 (m, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.92 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 158

3 -(2-chlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-l -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.00 (s, IH), 8.18 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH),

7.86 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 7.75 (dd, J=9.05, 4.14Hz, IH), 7.43-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.31-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.06-7.17 (m, IH), 6.78-6.92 (m, 2H), 4.64-5.21 (m, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.42 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 159 3 -(( 1 E)-5 -(dimethylamino)pent- 1 -enyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 159A (E)-ethyl 3 -(5 -chloropent- 1 -enyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate.

A mixture of ethyl 3-bromo-5-fluoro-l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole- 2- carboxylate (The synthesis of this compound was described in EXAMPLE 134B as an intermediate) (404 mg), (E)-2-(5-chloropent-l-enyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxab orolane (0.394 ml), diacetoxypalladium (19.28 mg), dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2- yl)phosphine (70.5 mg) and K3PO ₄ (547 mg) was heated in a microwave reactor (CEM Discover) at 100 ⁰ C for 1 hour. The insoluble material was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane to provide the title compound.

EXAMPLE 159B

Example 159A (lOOmg) in tetrahydrofuran (ImI) was mixed with 1 M dimethylamine in methanol (10 ml) and the resulting solution was heated 5O ⁰ C for 3 days and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and methanol. 3 ml of 10% aqueous NaOH was added. The mixture was heated at 5O ⁰ C overnight and was concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC (mobile phase: 10%- 100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 min) on a C18 column to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.56 (s, br, IH), 9.39 (s, br, IH), 8.19 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.64-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.04-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, J=7.32Hz, IH), 6.17-6.31 (m, IH), 4.82 (t, J=7.02Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 3.06-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.80 (d, J=4.58Hz, 6H), 2.22-2.35 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.90 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 160

3-((lE)-6-((2-carboxybenzoyl)amino)hex-l-enyl)-5-fiuoro-l -(3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

EXAMPLE 160A (E)-ethyl 3-(6-chlorohex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)pro pyl)-lH-indole-2- carboxylate The title compound was prepared by substituting (E)-2-(6-chlorohex-l-enyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolane for (E)-2-(5-chloropent- 1 -enyl)-4,4,5 ,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2- dioxaborolane in EXAMPLE 159A.

EXAMPLE 160B 3-((lE)-6-((2-carboxybenzoyl)amino)hex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-lH- indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 160A (531 mg) and potassium l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide (213 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) was heated at 8O ⁰ C for 8 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0-100% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to give (E)-ethyl 3-(6-(l,3- dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hex- 1 -enyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2- carboxylate. This ester was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol and 5 equivalents of aqueous NaOH (10%) was added. The mixture was heated at 5O ⁰ C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and trifluoroacetic acid-methanol (3:1), and purified by RPHPLC to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 13.06 (s, 2H), 8.25 (t, J=5.52Hz, IH), 8.19 (dd, J=7.83, 1.38Hz, IH), 7.86 (dd, J=7.21, 1.99Hz, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=7.52, 1.38Hz, IH), 7.60-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.58 (m, 5H), 7.34-7.41 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 6.15-6.32 (m, IH), 4.65-4.96 (m, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 3.20-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.36 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.67 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 161

3-((lE)-6-aminohex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(l-naphthyloxy)p ropyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid

(E)-ethyl 3-(6-(l,3-dioxoisomdolin-2-yl)hex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3-(nap hthalen-l- yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate (The synthesis of this compound was described in EXAMPLE 160B as an intermediate.) was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and

methanol and 5 equivalents of aqueous NaOH (10%) was added. The mixture was heated at 5O ⁰ C for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by reverse phaseHPLC (mobile phase: 0-100% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA aqueous solution during 60 min) on a Cl 8 column to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.18 (d, J=9.21Hz, IH), 7.82-7.89 (m, IH), 7.57-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.42- 7.55 (m, 4H), 7.37 (t, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.01-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 6.14-6.29 (m, IH), 4.80 (t, J=7.83Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.37 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.76 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 162

3 -(6-aminohexyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of (E)-ethyl 3-(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hex-l-enyl)-5-fluoro-l-(3- (naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-lH-indole-2-carboxylate (The synthesis of this compound was described in EXAMPLE 160B as an intermediate.) (270 mg) and hydrazine (0.030 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (1.00 ml) and ethanol (3 ml) was heated at 5O ⁰ C overnight and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and methanol and then aqueous 10% NaOH was added. The resulting was heated at 5O ⁰ C overnight and concentrated. The residue was purified by RPHPLC to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide- d ₆ ) δ 8.17 (dd, J=8.44, 1.07Hz, IH), 7.84-7.89 (m, IH), 7.60 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.41- 7.56 (m, 4H), 7.32-7.40 (m, IH), 7.01-7.11 (m, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.06Hz, IH), 4.80 (t,

J=7.21Hz, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.94-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=8.29Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.27-1.36 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 163

3 -(5 -(dimethylamino)pentyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of EXAMPLE 159 (45 mg) and Pt/C (5%) (10 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) was stirred under hydrogen (30 psi) at room temperature for 2.5 hours. The insoluble material was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by

RPHPLC to provide the desired product. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 9.28 (s, IH), 8.17 (d, J=7.67Hz, IH), 7.81-7.91 (m, IH), 7.61 (dd, J=9.21, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.43-7.56 (m, 4H), 7.37 (t, J=7.82Hz, IH), 7.01-7.10 (m, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.80 (t,

J=6.90Hz, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=5.83Hz, 2H), 2.91-3.07 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 164 6-chloro- 1 -(3-( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.23-8.27 (m, IH), 7.83-7.87 (m, IH), 7.71 (s, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.29Hz, IH), 7.43-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.36 (t, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.27 (s, IH), 7.06 (dd, J=8.59, 1.53Hz, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.36Hz, IH), 4.84 (t, J=6.90Hz, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=5.68Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 165 3 -(2-(( 1 E)-5 -(dimethylamino)pent- 1 -enyl)phenyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H- indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.90 (s, IH), 9.20 (s, IH), 8.16 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.72-7.80 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.50-7.56 (m, IH), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.10-7.19 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 6.77 (dd, J=9.46, 2.44Hz, IH), 6.04-6.21 (m, 2H), 4.90-5.00 (m, IH), 4.82-4.91 (m, IH), 4.20 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.83-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.72 (m, 6H), 2.34-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.97 (q, J=6.61Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 166 3-(2-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5 -fluoro- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (400 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 8.18 (d, J=7.98Hz, IH), 7.84-7.88 (m, IH), 7.74 (dd, J=8.90, 4.30Hz, IH), 7.42-7.56 (m, 5H), 7.34-7.41 (m, IH), 7.19-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.15 (m, IH), 6.95 (dd, J=9.21, 2.45Hz, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.06Hz, IH), 4.87 (t, J=7.06Hz, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=5.98Hz, 2H), 2.63 (s, 6H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 167 1 -(3 -(l-naphthyloxy)propyl)-l H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

¹ H NMR (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d ₆ ) δ 12.96 (s, IH), 8.06-8.44 (m, IH), 7.82- 7.90 (m, IH), 7.68 (d, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.60 (d, J=8.54Hz, IH), 7.50-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.24Hz, IH), 7.37 (t, J=7.93Hz, IH), 7.28 (s, IH), 7.19 (t, J=7.63Hz, IH), 7.09 (t,

J=7.48Hz, IH), 6.84 (d, J=7.63Hz, IH), 4.88 (t, J=7.02Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.80Hz, 2H), 2.27- 2.37 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 168

1 -methyl-5-(4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)- 1 H-indol-2-yl)- 1 H-pyrazol-3 - ol

Example 168

1 -methyl-5 -(4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -[3-(I -naphthyloxy)propyl] - 1 H-indol-2-yl)- 1 H-pyrazol-3 - ol

EXAMPLE 168 A ethyl 3-(l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl-lH-indol-2-yl) -3-oxopropanoate

A solution of l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl-lH-indole-2-carbo xylic acid (EXAMPLE 103) (536 mg) and 1 , 1 '-carbonyldiimidazole (200 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature, overnight. To a suspension of potassium ethyl malonate(419 mg) in acetonitrile (10 ml) and triethylamine(0.515 ml) was added magnesium chloride (300 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours then cooled in an ice bath. The above-prepared solution was added dropwise to the first solution, and the resultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for three days. After this time the solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was taken up in toluene (50 ml), cooled (ice bath), and aqueousHCl (12%) was slowly added. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined layers were washed with aqueous NaHCθ3, and brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . After concentration of the solvent, the residue was loaded on a column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane to give the title compound.

EXAMPLE 168B l-methyl-5-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-l-[3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl]-l H-indol-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-3- ol

To a solution of EXAMPLE 168 A (75 mg) in dioxane (2 ml) and water (1 ml) was added acetic acid (0.2 ml) and hydrazine monohydrate (0.2 ml). The mixture was stirred at

100 ⁰ C overnight, and was purified via RPHPLC to afford the final product. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.24 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.54 (m, 3H), 7.47 (d, IH), 7.40 (d, IH), 7.30

(m, 5H), 7.14 (t, IH), 6.88 (d, 2H), 6.23 (s, IH), 5.70 (s, IH), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.21 (m, 2H), 3.51 (m, 3H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H)

Example 169 4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 -(3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl)-2-( 1 H-tetraazol-5 -yl)- 1 H-indole

EXAMPLE 169A

1 -(3-(naphthalen- 1 -yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl- 1 H-indole-2-carboxamide To a solution of l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl-lH-indole-2-carbo xylic acid (EXAMPLE 103) (0.9 g) in dichloromethane containing oxalyl chloride (2 mL) was added a few drops of N,N-dimethylformamide. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml) and added to a cooled (0 ⁰ C) solution of concentrated ammonia in water (30 ml). After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml). The organic layer was then washed with water , brine and dried over Na2SC>4. Evaporation of the solvent gave the title compound.

EXAMPLE 169B l-(3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)propyl)-4-o-tolyl-lH-indole-2-carbo nitrile To a cooled (0 ⁰ C) solution of EXAMPLE 168A (880 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and dichloromethane (2 ml) and triethylamine (2 ml) was added, followed by the addition of trifluoroacetic anhydride (2 ml) dropwise. After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 0 ⁰ C. After this time the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (80 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether twice. The combined extracts were washed with water (x3), brine and dried over Na2SC>4. Evaporation of solvent gave crude product.

EXAMPLE 169C

4-(2-methylphenyl)- 1 - [3 -( 1 -naphthyloxy)propyl]-2-( 1 H-tetraazol-5 -y I)- 1 H-indole To a mixture of EXAMPLE 168B (416 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) was added NaN _β (281 mg) and NH4CI (231 mg). The mixture was stirred at reflux overnight.

After this time the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was partitioned

between ethyl acetate (200 ml) and water (60 ml). The organic phase was washed with brine and dried over Na2SC>4. After concentration of solvent, the residue was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide/methanol(l : 1 , 2 ml) and purified via RPHPLC. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 8.24 (m, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 7.54 (m, 3H), 7.47 (d, IH), 7.40 (d, IH), 7.30 (m, 5H), 7.14 (t, IH), 6.88 (d, 2H), 6.23 (s, IH), 5.70 (s, IH), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.21 (m, 2H), 3.51 (m, 3H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

The foregoing is meant to illustrate the invention but not to limit it. Variations and changes obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.