CO TAINMENT AND DISPOSAL field

0001] The general field is pet waste centamrnent and disposal systems,, m particular, a portable sam ion .apparatus for pe waste disposal comprising an overall composite structure (micro-composite) with iwo primary layers, as engagement mechanism tor attaching the two primary layers together, and means for integratin or combining two o more .micro-composite structures together to form a .macro-composite for greater area coverage.

Backg ound

0Οβ2| Urban pet owners., particularly those who live in small fiats, .condominiums and/or apartments have very few pet waste disposal options. While the owners are away for any significant amount of time, the dog or cat will need to nrinafc and/or defecate and,, unless the •person hires a dog walker,, pet owners mast endure some unpleasant con itions when they return to the dwelling. Moreover, allowing a pet to ^' urinate and defecate «.nconditio.o.ally within an Inhabited area is contrary to good health practices without proper containment. Thns, it is desirable to have a system thai allows a pet to urinate a»d defecate as needed in doors; a system that contains the pet waste to a controlled area where it can be collected and disposed of bygleiiically; a system that is simple to clean; and a system that is expandable to cover greater s urfac e area if necessarym different geometric configurations.

Brief Description of the Dra ings

| 083| Represe ative embodiments of the. invention are disclosed in more detail with reference to the followin figures. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts or steps throughout the different views, f!MM | FIGS. I A sho ws side vie of an embodiment of the present invention and FIG .

1 B shows m illustration of a cradle stitching embodiment at the corner of the second ^' layer.

|§0$5] FIG. 2 shows an elevation view of an embodiment -Of the present invention. f0006j FIG, 3 shows a side view of an embodiment of the res t invention with first laye lifted and exposing second layer. j000?| FIG. 4 shows an elevation view of an em d ment of the second layer of the present invention fOOftS} FIG, 5 shows an e bodiraeai of the second layer with a cradte stitch design. f0009j FIG » 6 shows an elevatio view of an emb dment of the present in vention . f OOlOj IG ;. 7 shows an elevation view of an embodiment of the second layer. f 00,11] FIG. 8 snows an embodiment of the present; myention ilkstrattag a nsssro- composit structure .

£0012] F!:G. A~B shows an e-sbodit eiit of the second layer of a composite structure with top and bottom snap elements used to engage corresponding snap elements of other second layers.

}0013] FIG, 10 shows an embodiment of four second layers snapped together and overlapping one another form a rnaero-eonipostte sunctnre.

1001 ! FIG. 11 sho s a side view of two adjacen second layer's secured together with partial, overlap between second layer's illustrated fCMiiSJ FIG , .12 shows an elevated view of the form t on of a rnaoro-eornpos te .from fear micro-composites without trays.

:00M FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a tray. |0&t?J FIG, 1 A sfeows t n u mil groove engagement between two adjaee trays and

FIG. 14B shows a side view of the bond formed by the tongoe and groove eorineetiori and F UL 14C shows a side view of a tongue and groove easasemeat illostratias a l cksBs membe embodiment. 0ei.8j FIG. 15 shows an le ated view of th formation of a macro-composite from four miero-comooaiies wi th trays >

FIG. MA-D sho s elevated views of four maaxveompos.ite eab diB efits. 0020j FIG. 17 shows m mbod m nt of the present invention with a vertical num er attached 002!| FIG. IS shows m emb di ent of the resen inverjtion. with a vertical, mem er artacl

10022J FIG. 19 shows an eajb dimeat of a securing element oa the vertical member for strap eagagemeat.

Sum a

100231 A portable saatlarioo a ara us for pe aste disposal k provided generall comprising a miero-som cisiSe structure with a plurality of layers, in one embodiment, the structure comprises at least two primary kyexs. in. soaie embcdtmeats, at least one of the primary layers comprise an eagagemeat means wherein the two primary layers are held togethern a. relatively stable position with respect to atiother, hist wherein, the two primary layers can easily and eo?weaienily be disengaged arid disassembled.

£0024] la oae e odiment the portabl samtation apparatus comprises two primary layers, a irst layer an a second layer. The first layer of the composite siructare c have a composition resembling that of a natural outside environment, such as grass for example and can, itself, comprise multiple layers, in som embodiments... the first layer comprises artificial grass- like fibers made from one or more con.vp0s.mds such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polynv^thylpentene, poiybotene-1., polykoteylen , ethylene propylene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene Monomer rubber. The first layer can also comprise a backing material further comprising a mesh substrate, a meshed backing material, and a binder material, 0025) The second layer of the composite structure also can comprise multiple layers, in some embodiments, the second layer comprises at least an absorbent top eleme t designed to trap and hold urine or other !¾id therein and an impervious hacking element for preventing moisture from escaping th absorbent top element.

10926} In one embodiment, the absorbent top element comprises a blend of tben«op!astic and cel uiosic .fibers mechanically entangled and beat bonded together. In one embodiment, the impervious backing element can comprise a woven polyester knit fibrfc reinforced with polyvinyl chloride. m another embodiment, the second layer also comprises substantially permeable layer that permits passage of mine and other liquid waste through and into the absorbent top element while itself staying relatively dr and comfortable to the pet. I» one embodiment, the substantially permeable layer is a polyester .but fabric The substantially permeable layer and the impervious backing element cam in some embodiments, sandwich the absorbent top element therebetween.

{0027} in one embodiment, the binder material in the first layer can foe deposited to the surface of the mesh substrate and made of one or more compounds such as la ex, acrylic styrenated acrylics, vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, styreae butadiene, polyvinyl chloride, slhyiMayl. chloride. In another embodiment, the binder material can e made of styreae butadiene latex.

|0028¾ in some embodiments, the absorbent top element can comprise 40% by weight o rayon, 17*4 by weight of polyester, 21% by weight of polyethylene and a low ^' melt polyester blend, and 22% b weight of polypropylene, in another embodiment, the absorbent top element can comprise at least about 40% by weight of rayon, in an alternative embodiment, the top absorbent element comprises at least about 40% b weight of cotton. And in yet another embodiment, the top absorbent element comprises at least about 40% by weight of a cotton and. rayon blend. §029] in some embodiments _* the absorben top el ment cat comprise an antimicrobial agent. In owe emble ent, the top absorbent element comprises 2 _> 4 ₅ .4 ^, -tnc d.oro-2 ^! -hydroxy-- diphenyl ether as the antimicrobial agent 0030| The composite stoctams of the pr s nt invention can be combined, with other composite structures to form a macro-composite for increased surface area coverage, In some embodiments, second layers can be engaged to and seemed to one another to ensure stable maximum and versatile area coverage with minimal to no fluid leakage or seepage between connected composite s ructures. In other embodiments, specially designed trays can. be engaged to and secured to one another to ensure stable maximum coverage with minimal, to no fluid seepage due to the engagement between tmys. The shapes and sizes of a macro-composite structure can e quite varied. For example, k some embodiments, the area covered by a macro- composite is a rectangle or a square for wider area coverage,, in some embodiment the area coveted can be as wide as single row of micro-composite structures, for example, for hail way coverage.

}1I31| In one embodiment, the macro-composite comprises one or more vertical members which help to confine un anted pet waste to the composite structure far pets with, poor ^• aha, in particular male dogs with a preference for the lifted: le over the ^■ squatting urination technique. In one embodiment, the vertical members comprise integral attachment elements which engage one or more components of the underlying composite to secure the vertical members to the underlying components at a substantially 0 angle to said components, la another embodiment, the vertical members are arranged about one or more of the perimeter or exterior edges of the underlying composite components. In yet another embodiment, the integral attachment element is a hook that is positioned on one or more outside edges of the vertical members and that engage elastic straps attached to the underlying composite components. |0Θ32] la another embodiment, interior walls of the vertical members can be covered with, one or m&w wall co ers which can be comprised of an absorbent fabric- ^' and prevent splatter hen the pet urinates. In s me embodiments, the wall covers cars comprise snaps and elastic straps for securing adjacent wall covers together, wall covers to s c nd layers, and wall covers to vertical ^' . members.

D taile I> crip «ra

003S| The present invention, wo will, be describee! .more fully hereinafter w th reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, b way of illttstjatioa.. specific exemplary embodiments by which the invention can be practiced. This invention can, however, be embodied in many different forms and shoo!d not be construed as limited to the embodiments set erih herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will, be thorough and complete, and will iMly convey the scope of the invention to those skilled is the art. Among, other things, the present invention can be embodied as methods or devices. The following detailed description is, therefore, not t be taken i a limiting sense.

|0034J Thtdughouf the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrase "in one emb diment" o ⁴ some embodiments" or "in a preferred embodiment" as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it can. Furthermore, the phrase "in another embodiment ^* ' as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although it em Thus, as described below, various embodiments of the invention can he readily combined, idiout: departing from. the. scope o spirit of the invention, 003S in addition, as used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive "or ^* ' operator, and is equivalent to the term "and/or," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "based on" is not exclusive and allows for bekg based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the speciScation, the meaning of ^* V "an, ^{5" '} and "the" include plural references. The .meaning of "in" includes and "on." 00 6j By way of iMttstrafioa, FIG . .1 A shows a side view of an embodiment of the invention. The overall composite structure comprises a plwtafliy of layers designed to prevent pet liquid waste from leaving the composite structure and leaking onto the surface upon which the composite structure rests. In one embodiment, the composite structure comprises a first layer 10 fabricated as to niimic a .naturally occurring surf c (such as artificial turf) familiar to the pet. The structure also can comprise a second layer 1 1 comprised of a». absorbent material. ft should be :recognked that some users of the pet waste disposal system of the present inventi n can desire t forego one or more of the layers. For example, users cars, determine that their pet does sot require the first layer 10 which is designed to mimic a naturall occurring ^' surface and does little to absorb and confine the pet waste. In this vein, the user cars simply use the second layer 11 or the second layer combined with another Saves. l$$$7l As .mentioned above,, in. same embodiments, first layer 10 can simulate tre look and feci of natural turf. Preparations of natural or artificial turf are known in the art and described in OSF 1,939,846; 3332,828 3,944,452 - 3,995 ; 4,007,307; 4,012,545; 4,230,752; and 4,268,551 , Similarly, a variety of artificial turf mat constructions have been designed for golf practice surfaces. For example, U.S. Pat No. 6,1 6,396 uses a relatively thick base pad of resilient material (foam rubber) and an. artificial grass-like carpet. OSPN 5,830,080 by Reynolds discloses a turf simulating surface including a grass-like carpet layer placed over various layers of material _* each layer designed, to simulate the shock; absorbing nature of corresponding layers of soil. Each of the preceding U.S. patents is incot orated by reference in its entirety and in a ^■ manner consistent with the present docisnient. It should be understood that the pr sent invention is likewise applicable to structures, composites, or products. 003S| As depicted in the embodiments show in FIGS. lA, 2, 3, and 6, firs layer 10 is an artificial grass-like structure comprising grass-like libers 12 from the olefin famil of polymers. Fo example, the fibers ca be composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyme hyipentene, polybuieoe-] , polyisobntyiene, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene dierse Monomer rubber, at the like. In a preferred ^• embodiment, grass-like fibers 12 are made of pol yethylene. f0039J Referrin rimarily to the embod me it shown in FIG. 3 _» first layer 10 includes a fiber substrate component 13 which comprises a m sh substrate 14 made of a material flexible en ugh to allow some folding or roiling: of the first layer 10, but riuid en ugh to nuuutaiu the general shape and form _* In one embodiment, mesh substrate 14 is made of a polyo!efia based polymer, for exam l polypropylene, polyethylene, polyinethylpentene, polyhutene-1 ,. polylsobutyleae. ethylene propylene rubber ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, at the Eke, in a preferred embodiment, mesh substrate 14 is made of polypropylene. 0 0| Referring: now the embodiment illustrated in FiG. 6, backing 13 on. first layer 1 further comprises a thin meshed backing material 15 that is affixed t the tsesh substrate 1 I» betwee the grass-like fibers .12 and the mesh sabstraie 14» Meshed backing material 15 can be affixed to mesh substrate 14 by any meatis known t those of skill in the ar including gluing and the like. In some embodiments, grass-like fibers 12 are woven or punched through meshed backing material .15 . into and through mesh substrate 14. j004I.| Fiber substrate component 1.3 on first layer 10 can additionally comprise a binder material for affixing or binding the grass-like fibers 12 to the mesh substrate 14 and meshed backing material 15. In a preferred embodiment, said binder material is deposited to the surface of the mesh substrate 14 at or near where the grass-like fibers 1:2 emerge there through. Suitable binding materials include latex:, acrylic, styrenaied acrylics, vinyl acetate (VAC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA}, styrene-bntadiene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etbylehe ayl chloride and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the binder material is styrene butadiene latex.

|0O42j Absorbent second layer 1 1 (generally illustrated in FIG. 4), itself, can comprise multiple layers. Examples of such absorbent composite multi-layered structures are known In the art and have been described in, ibr example, U.S. Patent No, 4,798,603 Issued January .17, 1989 to Meyer et at and entitled Absorbent Article Having a Hydrophobic Transport Layer. Other examples include, U.S. Patent No. 4,3383?! issued July ⁽ 19S2 to F. Dawn, et al. and O.S. Patent No. 4,259,958 issued Apr. 7, 1981 to R.. Goodhar. Other configurations have employed embossed layers configured to provide raised regions that separate the user from the absorbent pad. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,324,24? issued. Apr. 13, i.986 ^' to . Aziz; O.S,. Pat Mo. 4,041 ,951 issued Aug. !6 _S 1977 to L, Sanfard; U.S. Pat. Ho. 3,945,386 issued Mar.. 23, 1976 to E. Ancssuro ski, et at; and L S. Pat. N , 4, 13,032 issned Hov. 1 , 1983 to L. Hartmann, et at, U.S. Pat. Ho. 4,480,000 issued Oct 30, 1984 to I. Watanabe, et at ^' describes- an absorbent article which includes an absorbent: core layer and a barrier covering the lateral faces and t e 5 underneath face of the absorbent core layer, A web predominantly comprised of a polyester .f ber is placed on top of the absorbent core layer; ami a nonwoven fabric is wrapped around the structure. The. absorbent articles are described: as ^' being able to absorb fluid at a» enhanced rate and have -a- fee-ling Of dryness ven after such absorption. LIS, Pat. Ho. 3..98?,792 issued Oct. 26, 1976 to J. Hernandez,, e-t at describes a disposable diaper comprising, i order, a water-pervions i() layer; a spongy, resilient and compressible hydrophobic fibrous layer; a» absorbent core; and a water-impervious layer. ^' The hydrophobic fibrous layer is pervious to flui s in the uncompressed condition, ^' but is tranervious to fluids when compressed. The description indicates that the- compressed, fibers iatermesh. to form a seal or harrier. Each of th preceding U.S. patents is incorporated by reference in. its entiret and in a manner consistent with the present document

15

10043) _. Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7, absorben t second layer 3 .1 comprises at least two layers, a top layer 16 and a bottom layer I? (shown in FIGS, 1 and 5), Bottom layer 17 can be described as art impervious *ftbric tke" synthetic composition designed to prevent motstore from escaping from the composite after it passes into the absorbent fop layer 16. in one 0 embodiment, bottom layer 17 comprises a woven polyester knit fabric reinforced with polyvinyl chloride (PV ^' C . la one embodiment, the reiaforced polyvinyl chloride is oa the side o the absorbent second layer 11. that ^' is visible to the- user "of the- apparatus to help confine fiqrsid pet waste to the other layers, 5 0044] Top layer 16 can consist of a synthetic and/or cellalosle blend of fibers that provide® a durable structure. In one embodiment, top layer 16 is a. blend of thermoplastic and celluiosic fibers that are mechaa caUy entangled aad heat bonded. Fibers suitable for the purposes of the invention include cellnloslc and/or synthetic thermoplastic fibers, including but not limited to polyoieltn polymers. For example, a suitable blend of natural and synthetic fibers 0 for the purposes of the present invention consists of polyester (low melt), polyedrylene, rayon. cotton, ami/or poh^ropylene, ia e*te emtxidiment,. the rayon, can be used m place of the cotton and vice versa. §04S| Proportions of the bleed of fibers comprisin the to layer 16 fo the purposes of the present invention are variable. Desirable performance has bees noted when each in&hddwa! fiber constituent is within about 10 to 75% by weight For example, in one embodimeat- the proportions are as follow : rayon. 40%, polyester 17%, polyethylene 4· low mli polyester 21%, and. polypropylene 22% by weight. It-has- been observe that op mal absotbeacy is ^■ .achieved when the blend is compri sed of at least about 48% by weight of rayon and/or cotton.

100 6) Fiber constituents of the top layer 16. can contain certain agents embedded into tire fibrous structure ^' thai improve the pex.foott.aace of the invemioft. For exam le, high density polyethylene fibers can. be used which embed hiocides, antimictx>biafe ₅ anti-vixal, and or aotr&ngai agents. Examples of commercially available anbrmcro al agents include but are not limited to BARDAC®, 2050 aad BARDAC® 208 (based on dialfeyl(C.s»k8«C.s»bJ0)dim th l amffioniurn. chloride); BARDAC®. 2250 and BARB AC©. 2280 (dideeyl dimethyl ammonkrm chloride); BARDAC®.. LP and BARDAC®. if 80 (based on dioctyl dimethyl ansmonium chloride); BARQUAT® M&-50 and BARQOAT® MB-80 (based on alky! dimethyl, benzyl ammonium chloride); AHQIJAT® X-50 and BARQOAT© MX-80 (based on alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammomnm chloride); BARQIIAT® Oi-50 and BARQIIAT© OJ-80 (based on alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride); BARQUAT® 4250, BARQOAT© 4280, BARQUAT® 4250Z, and BARQUAT® 42S0Z (based an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammorimm chloride and/or alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride); and BARQ JAT® ^' .MS* 100 (based on myristyl dimethyl benzyl amm ium chloride), which are- available from L nza, tec, f airfa n, ^; .j,

10047] Other iuni-niicrobial agents thai can be used include halogenated diphenyl ethers like S^^-tt-ic oro^-h d o -dipheB l ether (friclosaa® or TCS) or 2-2 ^f -dihydroxy-5 _> 5'- dlbromo-diphenyi ether; phenolic compounds like phenoxyethanol, phesoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol, para-ehloro-meta-xytenol (PC X), etc.; btsphenolk compounds like 2,2 - methylefte his(4-ehlarophenol}, 2 _> 2 ^, Hmethyte«e bis(4~ ehloro~6~bromophenol), bl^^h dwxy^jS^ieybrc^he y^s l h dej a d bis(2~hydre.X:y-S- efeioro enz iisdp!ude hak ge»ated earhanllides (e.g., S^^ -lH feloroearbaBsI es (Tricfocarbane or TCC); benxy! alcohols; ch!orhexkttne; cb!orhexidine gluconate; ehlorhexidine hydrochloride; and silver based aafimierobial agents such as, for example, SilverShield® and various aanosifvers. Other suitable antimicrobial compounds can include those supplied by Thomson Resear h Associates, Inc., such as Ultra-Fresh DM-SO or Siipure.

JtMMSj In some embodiments, absorbent second layer i 1 can comprise additional layers at any position withlu the sandwich structure. For xam le, the. absorbent -second layer 1.1 can include a. top cover component that is made of a - material with sabs!antiai wioking properties that wicks the moisture through .quickly and Into the top layer 16. 1» some emb diments, t e top cover component am be a porous synthetic woven material, for example, ma»o¾c ired of ol ester fibers or a polyester blend of fibers. Users who desire higher friction coefficient of th absorbent second layer promoting a more stable engagement between first and second layer with minimal relative movement between the layers, can forego ihe top covet component and prefer an uncovered top layer 16. lop layer 1.6 can incorporate other constituents into its composition or can be treated in-such, a manner to promote greater friction between first layer 10 and the absorbent second layer 1 1 for enhanced stability between layers. j la some embodiments, the composite structure (e.g. the absorbent layer 1 1 } can

Include other beneficial adjuvants, such as for example, odor neutralising agents useful for suppressing, treating, or preventing offensive and/or undesirable odors. For example, absorbent layer I I can comprise aldehydes,, flavoaoids, metallic salts, water-soluble polymers, zeolites, activated carbon and mktures thereof that are useful: such a manner. Other odor snpp essin adjuvants are well known in the art and can he used for this purpose. O050] Perfumes and perfumery ingredients -can als be used which comp ise a wide variety of natural and synthetic chemical .ingredients, including but not limited to, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and the like. Also included are various natural extracts and. essences which can comprise complex .mixtures of ingredients, such as orange oil, lemon oil, rose extract, lavende _s . musk patchouli balsamic essence* sandalwood oil, pine oil, cedar, and the like. Finished perfumes can. comprise extremely complex, mixtures of such ingredients, .Pro-perfumes are also meM in the presen inventkm. Such -materials are those precisions or mixtures thereof capable of chemically reacting e.g. by hydrolysis to release the perfume,

10051] Absorbent second layer I I can be mamdactur d such that the comers and/or edges of the layer bend slightly upward as depicted is FIG, I B and FIG..5. In this ar angement second layer 1 1 is designed t cradle first layer 10 to confine- the urine and/or other liquids to second: layer I Ps absorbent portions. This design would effec iv ly prevent urine of other liq ids from drippin dow the sides of second layer 11. The cradling effect of second layer 1 1 Can. he accomplished using known assembly -and Stitching techniques which create sufficient tension and force at the comers to cause the corners to bend upwards as illustrated in FIG. I B,

|0052) First layer 10 and/or second layer 11 can comprise a first engagement me ns wherein first layer 10 can be secured to second layer 11 or vice versa. The first engagement means employed must he capable of quick and convenient disengageme allo wing the user to conveniently disassemble the overall composite structure and clean first layer 10 and second layer I J as needed. Suitable structures for engagement between first layer 10 and second layer 11 include elastic straps, pressure sensitive adhesive, Velcr© >, zippers, buttons, toggles, snaps, grotmrieis, magnets, ties, and the like. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS, 1, 2, and 4 engagement means comprises elastic straps IS, 1 , 20, and 2.1 sewn at their termini into the binding 22 at each corner of the second layer I F It should be reeo t zed that the engagement means can be attacked to any layer or component of the composi te structure. For example, in some embodiments, a binding 22 is not used and the tenai of the elastic straps can be sewn into the botto surface of second layer 1 1 e.g,, at serge stitching along the outer perimeter of the second layer which secures the bottom layer 17 to the second layer. f00S3] Referring now to FIG . S, in some embodiments, one or more of th layers of the composite structure can be modular md attachable to other modular components to cover a larger area.. For example, with continued reference to FIG, 8 _: , second layer 11 ca comprise securing members around the perimeter o the modular section which,, in this embodiment, can be a 2 ^* x 3' .rectangular section. Securing .members can comprise snaps, buttons, Vekro, adhesive, or the like, it should be recognized that any method or structure can be used to secure ^• adjacent modul r sections to one aBother such that the sections are laid out substantially flat and. with mmimat overlap between them.

10054] Referring sow to the em odime»t shown, in FIG, 9A~B _S second layer 11 can comprise both male and female snap elements for engagement with, other adjacent composite structures.. For example, in one embodiment male snap elements 23-28 can be placed, around the perimeter of the top surface of second layer 1.1 and complementary female st¾ap elements 2°~34 ears he placed, areata! the perimeter of the bottom surface of the second layer 1 1 for securing to their male counterparts. ¾ snap elements 23-34 can be positioned such that adjacent second layer's that have bee secured together via snap elements or other securing -member partially overlap as shown most clearly in FIGS 19-1 1. This is important to prevent unwanted seeping of fluid through or between second layers. In. one embodi ent, snap elements are furthermore positioned within or upon the absorbent surface inside the outer perimeter binding. This ensures that any fluid dripping off the side of the to second .surface will be captured and contained b the absorbent material on the bottom second layer, la one emtx>dim.eut, snap elements are at least .25 Inches from he nearest outer edge of second layer ! !,

|80SSj As shown in di ^' mbodiment depicted i FIG., 12, ½ use, all tour elastic straps 1.8. 19, 20 , and 21 or a subset of the straps can be used. For example, ½» engaging four composite structures (two or more micro-composite structures combined ** "macro-composite"), the user can decide to use onl the straps positioned at the four corners of the macro-composite. For enhanced stabilit between first layer and second layer, first and second layer can comprise a second engagement means 35, 36 (sho n in FIG.. 12), for example, V ^' elcro to further secure first layer to second layer. Applying a second engagement means would help to avoid unwanted movement of first layer with, respect to second layer, for example, in a macro composite when fewer than ail lour straps on one composite m t are used.

| 56] Referring now to FIGS. I3-! 5, is some embodiments, composite trays 3? can he used wherein said combined first and second layers are placed, eferring now to FIG. 13 _? composite trays 3? can comprise bottom surface 38; side wails 39, 0, 1, 2; composite outer edge support 43 positioned around the perimeter of the composite tray and inside the side walls,. In some embodiments, ot m surface 38· can furt er comprise one or more elevation me fem 44 which serve to elevate composite structure off the bottom surface of composite tray 37. This featur prevents over saturation of composite structure and provides channels through which fluids can pass underneath said composite structure. 0057| With continued r fe ence to FIGS. I 3- 1.4,. composite tray 3? can further comprise one or more tongues 45 and one or more grooves 46 for engaging two or more adjacent trays together when forming. ·.¾. Piacro-eo poslte 47. I» one emlx>dimeat ₅ each said groove 46 is formed from the hollow underside of each said tongue 45. When a user wishes to secure one. or more trays together, the user merely overlays a groove 46 k one tray upon, a corresponding tongue 45. When composite im are used in this context _* there can he no need to engage the second layers together since the trays ate connected ia a maaaer that avoids fluid leakage or seepage between trays due to the overlapping .nature of the tongae and groove connection. Trays that have been secured together i this m imer form a bond substantially impenetrable by pet waste. Composite structures can merel be placed in their respective trays which are attached to oae another as i!lastrated. in IG. I S. ia another embodiment, said tongue 45 and said groove 46 can further comprise locking members that lock said adjacent trays together when the groove of one tray overlays the tongue of an adjacent tray. Said locking members can comprise a rib assembly, for example, wherein said rib 48 extends the entire or partial length of a tongue. Upon overlay of said tongue and groove of adjacent trays and application of a slight downward pressure, said rib would engage its groove complement 49 within the groo ve of the other tray, k another embod wnt, said locking members ears comprise male detents SO formed along the side surface of the tongue■which again, as pressure is applied,, interlock with their complimentary female detents 51 on an adjacent imy. Ο058] Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14A, composite trays can fether comprise one or more fluid extraction channels for convenient discarding or removal of waste fluids from the nay. In the embodiment shown iu FIG. 13, channels 52, 53, 54, 55 are positioned at each comer in. the gap between adjacent tongues along the perimeter of the tray.. I some embodiments, the side wall at the fluid extraction channel can have a greater slope than other parts of the side w l l all w ng a more uniform and smoother flow of waste fluid through the c annel as t e user tilts the tray to discard the fluid,

|Ο059] Referring now to FIG , 16A-D gad, as described in some detail abo e, micro- composite structures eat), be combined with other Biicro-eomposite structures to form a macro- co posite tor increased or enhanced surface area coves-age. While the macroHSompos te embodiments shown in. Fid 16A-D all comprise trays underlying tire first and seeood layers, it should be understood thai the. maero-composites can be formed with o without trays.. For example., in FI(I, 16A, a macro-composite structure is formed between six micrxvcomposrte structures forming a 90* angle for rounding a corner between two intersecting wails within a me- or apartment. FIG. I 6B illustrates another macro-composite embodiment that is formed, from six linearly arranged .rnacro«cO.«»posites for hallway coverage.. FIG. 16 illustrates a macro-composite that -loons a zi z g design and FIG, 16D is a macro-composite -structure that is rectangular in shape for greater area or floor coverage;, for example, substantially all of a single room, FID, 16A-D is Intended to illustrate- the versatility and adaptabilit o tie micro- coraposit structures to form a myriad of configu tions. fll06S] Referring no to FIGS, I? and 1.8, i» some embodiments,, the composite structure also comprises a substantially vertical memb r 56 which helps to conffue unwanted pet waste to the composite strocture for pets with poor aim, in particular male dogs with a preference for the lifted l g method over the squatting method. It has beer), observed that male dogs frequently miss the composite structure surface when they lit! their legs to. urinate. 0W>IJ 56 can he engaged to or rest within or upon the composite staicture around the perimeter and detachable therefrom. In some embodiments, th substantially vertical structure i itself modular. For example, in one embodiment _* the substantially vertical structure comprises corner elements that are curved to surround the outer edge of each comer of the composite structure. Additionally, such a modular system might also comprise side panel elements that, in some embodiments, engage am! connect to the comer members at their vertical edges.. In said embodiments, the side panel elements tun laterally down the outer edges of the composite structure between, corner members. The substantially vertical sttuctme ears entirely sorrouod the composite structure or can only guard a portion of the composite strut-tare, for e mple _s one side d two comers. In some embodiments, the securing members can be used to ^' attach the components of the substantially vertical structure to the composite structure.

!§ S¾| Alternatively, vertical members cats span the length ©f{a«d guard) a single side o can guard multiple sides of the composite structure. For example, in the embo iment sho n in FIG. 17, ve tic l member 56 guards two side (a short..and long side t f the composite structure. The- vertical member 5.6 depicted, tn this embodiment is a single piece design with two panels 56a, 56b (long and short due to the rectangular shape of the composite structure) with a flexible intersection 5? made of flexible material between the short side and »g side guards or panels to allow bending of the vertical member about the corner. In this embodiment, the single piece bending design helps to naintain vertical orientation. In the embodiment shown in. FIG.17, the vertical me ber also comprises a slot 58 fenied la the upper edge of said flexible inierseetioa 5? between the short s de and long side panels,

J0 3J Vertical members can comprise securing elements designed to secure said vertical member to the remaining composite components. In one embodiment, said securing elements are an integral feature of or built into said securing member. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG . 17, said securing elements 59 are, in essence, cut out of the vertical member edges at predetermined positions with the appearance similar to a question mark in a ^' horizontal orientation. The- securing elements as best s n in the embodiment .illustrated m FIG, 1 , comprise a point of entry 60, a bight 61, a retention knob 6¾ a resting surface 63, and stop 64.. Furthermore, said securing elements i this embodiment are positioned at predetermined locations on the lower edges of the vertical member depicted FIG, 17, for example, said points of entry are about three (3) i nches from oute edges or Comers of said vertical members. Moreover , the securing members shown in this figure positioned at opposite corners of a. vertical member panel are arranged In opposite orientation with said knobs 6:2 and stops 64 pointed i opposite directions. | 64] la one. embodiment, first engagement means, which Is used to secure first layer 1.0 to second laye 11 ₅ is als used to secure vertical members to the underlying composite structure components. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG, .18, elastic straps 18-21 (only elastic strap 18 is shown) are used to secure vertical members to the underlying components both holding the vertical m mbers substantially about the perimete of the underlying composite components and in a» u ight position, (about 0* to the support surface &g., floor). In this embodiment, o«e or ma elastic straps engage securing e!ewseais 59 (shown more clearly in FIG. 19) entering the point of entry 60, rounding the bight. 61, over the eten n knob 2, and onto the resting surface 63. I6SJ l another en bodinieni, the wails of the vertical members themselves can be covered with one or more wall covers 55 which, in some embodiments, comprise- BOiher layer or mat of the sam absorbeat material that makes up the second layer I I. I» the embodiment shown, in IG,. 18, a wall cover 65 is illustrated substantially covering the vertical member wall facing the open horizontal area of the composite structure. In the embo imen shown in FIG. .18, said wall cover is identical In design to the second layer 1.1 shown, in FIG. 1 1. with snaps and elastic straps, Thus, in this embodiment, the wall cover can be attached to the underlying second layer 11 via. snaps to form a continuous absorbent layer avoiding passage, leaking or seepage of waste there between. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. I B, some overlap Is visible betwee the wall cover and the underlying second layer at the approx imate point of attachment which helps to further contain waste. In one embodiment show in FIG. IS, wall cover 65 uses one or more straps (e.g., 18-21.) to secure, for example, its u per comers to the upper comers of the vertical member m intaining subst nt l coverage of the vertical ember surface area, hi this embodiment, straps loop around the comers of the vertical member panels. With continued reference to FIG, 18, at the flexible intersection 57, a strap (e.g., 18-21) slides within and engages slo 58 and strap (eg., strap 20) engages the opposite upper corner. It should be noted that the number, dimensions, and orientation of wall covers used is variable. For example, a. long wall cover may be used for a short panel 56b whereby a substantial portion of the wall covet length is tucked under the second layer 1 L, f0(M½J The substantially vertical, member can be made of various materials,, lor ex m l , thermoplastic materials including Poiy( et.hyl methaorylate) (PMMA) or plexlglas, as well as various pol olefu* ^' polymers, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. la other em odiments, simple paper based materials w th sufficient strength and durability t maintain a rigid structural Integrity of the vertical member are used, such as card board or the like. Said paper based materials can be coated (e.g., with, wax or plastic) to lessen or prevent degradation due to ^• moisture. It should be rec gnized that- many suitable materials are available for nse in his .manne as long as they are sufficiently rigid t maintain its substantiall vertical orientation. For example, in one embodiment, the substantially vertical members comprise one. or more wall covers 65 alone, as ag as the wall cover 65 i s capable of mai ntaini ng the proper orientation.

|β®67} The present Invention also geticrally relates to a method of pet waste disposal wherein a use employs the system to conveniently and cleanly capture and discard pet waste with minimal waste .contamination, of the residence, living environment. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of prov iding a composite structure according to the descri ption of the embodiments provided above, attacking said first layer to said second layer, placing said composite structure on a solid support surface In a manner accessible to the animal, and cleaning said second layer when substantially saturated with liquid waste. In another embodiment, the method can further comprise the step of attach lag a plurality of composite structures together to accommodate larger area such tha the second layers are attached to manner thai avoids leakage of fluid between second: layers. In another embodiment, the method ca further ^• Comprise the step of attaching a plurality of trays t ether and placing a corresponding number of composite structures within said trays, in said method, a user can discard an urine collected In the bottom, of said trays by tilting the trays in manner promoting How of orine through the built-i extraction channels. In another embodiment, the method can also comprise attaching one or more substantially vertical members to the outer perimeter of the composite structure to avoid floor contamination.. In one embodiment, a single vertical .member guarding two edges of a composite structure ean be secured to the composite structure by engaging one or mo e securing elements integral to said vertical member with elastic straps of second layer. In another embodiment, the user can attach a wall cover to said vertical member to enhance waste containment, and prolong the li fe of vertical member panels. 0 68} In mother embo iment, the .method of pet waste conta menr and d sposal comprises the steps of providing a macro-composite portable sanitation apparatus m variable geometric configurations upon a horizontal surface comprising a plurality of mlcfo-coi >osite structures. Irs. some embodiments, each micro-composite structure can comprise a first layer wherein said first layer comprises artificial grass-like fibers, a backing member, and a mesh substrate, ami a second layer comprising; an absorbent top element, an impervious backing element top, bottom, and side outer edges and a frost: ami hack face wherein said, front and back faces comprise a plurality o securing members for securing to one or more adjacent second layers. The method can farther comprise the steps of securing- said second layers of adjacent micro-composites together wherein said second layers partially overlap tor proper waste containment; attaching said first layer of each miero-coi«posite structure to said second layer to form .a 'macro-composite; placing said macro-composite on a solid support surface in a manner accessible to the animal, and cleaning said second layers when substantially saturated with liquid waste,

|0 9f hi yet another emb iment, the method of pet waste containment and disposal comprising the steps of providing a macro-eonmoske portable sanitation apparatus in variable geometric configurations upon a horizontal surface comprising a plurality of micro-composite structures. In some embodiments, each micro composite structure can comprise a first layer wherein said first layer comprises artificial grass-like fibers, a backing member, and a mesh substrate:, a second layer comprising an absorbent top

and an underlying tray fo supporting.. said first and second layers. In ome embodiments, the tray can comprise a tongue and groove assembly for engaging. -with one or more other adjacent trays, and waste extraction channels. The method can comprise the additional steps of securing said tongue of one tray to the matching groove of an adjacent (ray resulting in an overlapping bond between, adjacent trays impenetrable to liepid or solid pet waste; attaching said first layer o each micro-composite structure to said second layer to form a plurality of niiero-composites; placing each said, micro-composite within corresponding tray to form, the macro-composite; and placing said macro-composite on a solid support surface in a manner accessible to the animal. In some embodiments, the method, car _* further comprise one or more of the follo nig steps', remov.bg the fet and second layers from said tray and cleaning said sec-ond. layer when saturated with pet waste; tilting said tray to dispose of remaining pet- waste through said waste extraction ^' dbatraels; arranging and securing the micro-composite structures together in variable desired cortfigurations including but trot limited to a right angle configuration, a substantially rectangular eo»¾aration, a substantiany squat¾ eoniiguratkm, or a ig a Sguratkm, f 070 J While the present b ntkm has been described herein with respect to the exemplary enifeodinienis, it will become apparent to -one of ordinary skill b. the art that many various embodiments, adaptations and .variations can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit arid scope thereof