The present invention relates to a discharge apparatus for a funnel-shaped container with an outlet at its narrow end.

Bridging is a frequently occurring problem in the discharge of various materials from the lower end of funnel-shaped containers, which often form the lower end of a silo but can be open at the top as well. The bridging causes the discharge to be inter¬ rupted more or less temporarily.

A great variety of solutions have been suggest¬ ed to eliminate bridging. A common feature of all these prior art solutions is that while they prevent permanent bridges and permanent discharge interrup¬ tions, the discharge is uneven. The container can be emptied at a relatively accurately defined average rate over a longer period of time; the discharge, how¬ ever, takes place in relatively violent thrusts alter- nating with periods of less discharge or no discharge at all.

The object of the invention is to provide a new discharge apparatus which enables an uninterrupted even discharge even with powders which are extremely liable to bridging.

A typical example is the application of self- distributing floor putty, also known as liquid putty or pump putty, whereby dry powder is discharged from a silo in a continuous water flow. Such dry powders are so called difficult materials, especially those con¬ taining fibres. Dry powder and water has to be mixed into a homogenous mixture which can be pumped. After having been pumped on to a floor surface, the mixture levels off and hardens into a wear-resistant surface layer. To carry out this successfully, the mixing ra-

tio between the powder and water should be constantly kept at an accurately defined value, which, in turn, requires that the powder should be discharged very evenly from the silo. It has been very difficult to carry out this process by means of previous discharge apparatuses. Naturally, this is not the only process in which an even discharge of powder or other viscous material is of great importance.

The discharge apparatus according to the inven- tion, by means of which the above object is achieved, is mainly characterized in that a number of elements made of a gas-per¬ meable material is provided within the container on its wall so as to extend towards the outlet of the container in such a manner that a channel sealed along the edges of the elements is defined between each par¬ ticular element and the wall of the container; that this channel is divided into separate sec¬ tions by means of transverse partition walls; and that a gas supply conduit provided with a throttle is attached to each separate section.

The elements made of a gas-permeable material are preferably arranged to extend at least substan¬ tially from the outlet of the funnel-shaped container up to the inlet end of the funnel.

Gas can be advantageously supplied to all the channel sections from a common source. The gas supply conduits provided for each channel section can be throttled by means of a throttle plate the throttle ^• opening of which is chosen so as to suit the proper- ties of the active dry powder.

The gas-permeable elements are preferably made of a weldable sheet metal available on the market under the name DYNAP0R1_®, whereby the pores in the sheet metal are preferably directed obliquely downward

and towards the outlet of the funnel-shaped container. Other materials for so called fluidised conveying can be used as well.

The throttled supply of gas into the separate channel sections between the wall of the container and the elements of gas-permeable material provides an un¬ interrupted even discharge of material, also when the material level in the funnel-shaped container is de¬ scending, right down to the outlet opening. In the following, the invention will be de¬ scribed in more detail, with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the attached drawing.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a funnel-shaped container with the apparatus according to the invention, the container forming a bottom at the lower end of a silo.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view through the upper end of the funnel-shaped silo bottom.

Figure 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the wall of the silo bottom at an element made of a material permeable to gas.

Figure 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a gas supply conduit provided with a throttle.

Figure 5 is an enlarged partial longitudinal sectional view of the wall of the silo bottom and an element of gas-permeable material.

A funnel-shaped, preferably conical container forming the bottom at the lower end of a silo is de¬ signated generally by the reference numeral 1; the silo is designated by 17. The conical wall of the container 1 is designated by 2. An outlet 3 is pro¬ vided at the lower end of the bottom part 1. A conven¬ tional pivotable valve plate (not shown in the draw¬ ing) can be provided in the outlet 3. A number of elements 4 is mounted on the inside

of the wall 2. The elements are made of a gas-per¬ meable material, preferable of a sheet metal available on the market under the name DYHAPORE^, consisting of a porous metal sheet about 3 mm in thickness and welded up of a close-meshed metal network. Pores 7 in the sheet. Figure 5, are preferably directed obliquely downward towards the outlet 3 of the funnel.

The edges of the sheet elements 4 are welded to the wall 2, so that a channel 5 is defined between each sheet element 4 and the wall 2. Two such edge welds 6 are visible in Figure 3; in Figures 1 and 2, these welds are shown by means of dashes. The elements 4 extend from the upper end of the bottom part 1, which can be open at the top as well, down to the outlet 3. The channels 5 are divided into separate sections 9 by means of transverse partition walls 8. The sections are positioned one after another from the top towards the outlet 3. A separate gas supply con¬ duit 10 is provided for each channel section 9, the gas being mostly air or nitrogen, for instance. Each supply conduit 10 comprises a throttle 11. As appears from Figure 4, the throttle 11 can be formed by means of a throttle plate with a constant throttle opening suited for the properties of the material. 12 desig- nates a rubber hose and 13 a hose clamp. The throttle plate is replaced whenever required.

The supply of gas is preferably carried out from a common source the outlet conduit of which is designated with 14. 15 designates the extension of the conduit 14 along the wall of the bottom part 1, and 16 designates annular distribution conduits extending around the bottom part 1 up to each particular channel section 9.

Gas trickling out through the elements 4 acti- vates the material in the bottom part 1 so that an un-

interrupted even flow is obtained through the outlet 3. As the channels 5 are divided into the separate transverse sections 9 and the supply of gas into each section 9 is throttled, the discharge of the material takes place evenly even when the material level in the bottom part 1 is descending. In spite of the fact that the uppermost portions of the elements become uncover¬ ed so that the flow resistance is decreased, the throttles 11 prevent the gas from "escaping" through the uncovered element portions.

The combination of the throttled supply of gas and the provision of the separate channel sections also keeps the consumption of gas at a low level, which is an advantage not only economically but also for the reason that high consumption of gas involves filtering problems with the excess gas to avoid forma¬ tion of dust.

From the technical point of view, it would be preferable to coat the entire inside of the bottom part 1 with a gas-permeable material; this, however, would be unreasonably expensive. A fully satisfactory result is achieved by coating only part of the inside the funnel wall, e.g. with four elements as shown in the drawing. The desired result is also achieved with three elements only, especially if they are slightly wider. If a greater number of elements 4 is used, the individual elements can, of course, be narrower.

Full-scale experiments have been performed on the apparatus with dry fibre-containing powders. Previously, a satisfactory discharge of fibre-con¬ taining materials has not been possible with methods used for the purpose. The silo used in the experiment was provided with a closing device resembling a throt¬ tle valve in the outlet of the funnel-shaped bottom part. When the closing device was opened wide open,

the valve plate dug a hole in the dry powder posi¬ tioned above it without that the powder began to flow out of the silo. But when the •supply of gas according to the invention was initiated, the material began to flow out, and the flow continued uninterruptedly and homogeneously as long as gas was being supplied. When the supply of gas was interrupted, the flow ended. At a low material level in the silo, that is, when the silo was nearly empty, no gas flow causing dust prob- lems occurred from the uncovered portion of the silo bottom, when the throttling according to the invention was suitably chosen in view of the properties of the material. No dust filter was required.