FLUOROALKYL SILICONES

Background

Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are an important class of materials. Generally, PSAs adhere to a substrate with, light pressure (e.g., finger pressure) and typically do not require any post-curing (e.g., heat or radiation) to achieve their maximum bond strength. A wide variety of PS A chemistries are available. PSAs, particularly silicone PSAs offer ^• one or more of the following useful, characteristics: adhesion to low surface energy (LSE) surfaces, quick adhesion with short dwell times, wide use temperature (i.e., performance at high and low temperature extremes), .moisture resistance, weathering resistance (including resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, oxidation, and humidity), reduced sensitivity to stress variations (e.g., mode, frequency and .angle of applied stresses), and resistance to chemicals (e.g., solvents and. plasticizers) and biological substances (e.g., moid and fungi).

Fluorinated release coatings are often used with PSAs, particularly silicone PSAs, to provide desired release properties. In some embodiments, the desired release force is no greater than 50 g/25 mm, e.g., no greater than 30 g/25 mm at 180 degrees pee! angle and 230 cm/min (90 inches/min). However, the selection of iiuorinated release coatings available to achieve the desired release performance is limited, particularly for wet-east (e.g., solvent-based, water-based, and Hot melt coated) PSAs. For example, few release materials provide stable, consistent, .smooth release of an adhesi ve.

The most common iiuorinated release coatings are fluorosilicone materials with pendent group made from R _f *CH-C¾ wherein R _f is typically a CP or a

CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF2" group. However, commercially available f!uorosi!icone release coatings are typically more expensi ve. The reasons for high cost of commonly used fluorosilicone release materials are believed to related a) the lower reactivity of fCM-CH? to low yield hydrosifylat o reactions, and b) the preparation from expensive R _f ~i with two steps, i) addition to ethylene to form Κ ¾€¾~ί and ii) elimination of HI.

The present disclosure further provides novel fluoroalkyl silicones that can be used as release materials or can also be blended with one or more additional low surface energy materials (e.g., fiuoropolymers, polyaetylates with pendent ¾ ^■ group, lower cost iluoroaikyl silicones and non-iluorinated silicones)- hile maintaining the desired low release characteristics of the instant fluorosiHcone material, in addition, in some embodiments, high blend ratios of low surface energy materials may be used without detrimentally affecting the readhesion force of the adhesive after removal of the blended release materials comprising the present .fluorosiiieones.

Applicants have identified high reactive fluorinafed alkenes for high yield of hydrosilyla!ion products (from hydfosilicones) and subsequently providing novel fiuoroalky!. silicones having similar or better performance to current products at reduced cost.

Summary

The present disclosure relates to novel iluoroaikyl. -silicones and use thereof as release material s. In another aspect the present disclosure provides release liners comprising a substrate and the release material according to the present disclosure bonded to a . major surface of ^' the substrate. In another aspect, the present disclosure providers a crosslinked or unerosslinked coating comprising a iluoroaikyl silicone release material.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides adhesive articles comprising an adhesive having a first major surface and a second major surface, wherein the first majo surface of the adhesive is in contact with, a release material according to the present disclosure, in some embodiments, the adhesive articles former comprise ^' a first substrate (or backing) having a first major surface and a second major surface, wherein the release material is bonded to the first major surface of the first substrate. In some embodiments, the second major surface of the adhesive is in contact with the second major surface- of the First substrate. In some embodiments, the second major smiaee of the adhesive is in contact with a second, independently selected release material bonded to the second major surface of the first substrate. In some embodiments, the adhesive articles further comprise a second substrate, wherein the second major surface of the adhesive is in contact with a major surface of the second substrate.

In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises a silicone adhesive, in some embodiments, the silicone adhesive comprises a poly(diorganosiloxane). In some embodiments, the silicone adhesive comprises a poiydiorganosiloxa-ie-polyurea block copolymer. In some embodiments, the silicone adhesive comprises a

polydiorganosiioxane-polyoxaroide copolymer. In some embodiments, the silicone adhesive further comprises a tackifier. In other embodiments, the adhesive comprises an acrylate adhesive.

In another aspect the present disclosure provides a method of making the iluoroaikyi silicones by the hy rost!ylation reaction between a perfmorcalkyl vinyl ether and a hydrosilicone.

Detailed Inscri tion

The present disclosure provides novel iluoroaikyi silicones of the formula:

wherein

each R ^! is Independently an alkyi or aryl.;

r is perfluoroa!ky! of the formula:

-C ¥2 -C q F' t X - C F;? rF

where q and r are independently 0 to 4;

X is a covalent bond, -0-. or ~NRf ^! where f is C 1 -C3 perfl.uoroa.ik I;

R ³ is ^« H, -OR ⁴ or -(CjHg) ₃ -R _s where. R ^4' is C _r C _S o _. alkyi;

n is 0 to 2000, preferably at least 10;

m may be zero;

p may be 0 to 2000, and n + p is at least one;

R ⁵ is H, a kyi, aryi -{C ₃ ¾)-0-R _f or R ³ ;

wherein the iluoroaikyi silicone has at least one Rr group, preferably at least two R groups, either as K ^s and/or in the siloxane unit with the subscript m. In some embodiments p is at least one, preferably at least 2. Rf may contain 1 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, peril uorinated carbon atoms.

In some embodiments the ratio of m:p is from 100:0 to 10:90, The disclosed fluoroaikyi silicones contain pendent or terminal "-(CiH ₆ )-OR _f group, which may further contain reactive hydrosilane groups (H-Si), alkoxysiiane groups

(RO-Si), alky! silane groups (Si-R), cither as R ⁵ and/or in the siloxane unit with the subscript p. In some embodiments the alky! and alkoxy groups, of the silicone can be long chains (Cjs Cso) , either as R ^~ and/or in the siloxane unit with the subscript p.

The novel fluoroaikyi silicone of Formula I may be prepared by hydros? iylation in the presence of a hydrosiiy!ation catalyst, of a peril uoroalkyl ally! ether of the formula: >CB ₂ CH-CH ₂ , II,

with a hydros! licoiie of the formula: where

each R ¹ is independently an alkylor aryh

n is 0 to 2000; preferably at least 10;

q may be zero;

R ⁶ is H, aikyi or aryl;

with the proviso that the hydrosilicone contains at least one Si-H group, preferably at least two Si~H groups. Thus the silicone unit with the subscript q .of Formula III may he at least one, preferably at least 2, and'or R ⁶ can be H.

All or a portion of the Si -H groups of the hydrosilicone may be reacted with the a!lyl ether of Formula UL In some embodiments, unreacted hydrosilyi (Si-H) groups may be converted to other useful functional groups, as described herein.

The fluoroaikyi silicone of Formula I have a M _w of at. least 200, preferably at least 1000. In some embodiments, the M _w may be 2000 or greater, in some embodiments, the w may be limited to 1,000,000 or less; preferably limited to 500,000 or less. In some embodiments- n, m and p are each greater than one and where the ratio of n to m is greater than one, preferably the ratio of n to m Is greater than 10. In some embodiments, ^"! is H, and the ratio of m to p is 10:90 to 100:0, preferably, 20:80 to 80:20. In some

embodiments. R ³ is OR ⁴ (prepared as described herein). The fluoroaikyl silicone of Formula I is prepared, in part, with at. least one hydrosilicone having a plurality of Si-H groups as represented by Formula III, Examples of useful Si-H group containing silicones include hydride terminated

polydi ethylsiloxanes having the formula HMe ₂ SiO(SiMe ₂ 0) _t( SiMe ₂ H (CAS 70900-2 - 9); hydride terminated methylhydrosiioxane-dinietliylsiloxane copolymers having the formula HMe ₂ SiO(SiMe ₂ 0) _ss (SiMeHO) _(! SiMe2H (CAS 69013-23-6); trimethyisiloxane terminated polyeihylhydrosiloxanes having the formula Me ₃ SiQ(SiMeHO) _q SiMe ₃ (CAS 63148-57-2); trimethylsiloxane terminated methylhydrosiioxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers having the formula Me ₃ SiO(SiMe ₂ 0) _n (Si eI-iO) ₍₁ SiMe ₃ (CAS 68037-59-2); triethyisiloxane terminated polyeihylhydrosiloxanes having the formula

terminated poIy(p enyI- dimethylhydrosiloxysiioxanes) having the omiu! HSiMe ₂ 0(S Ph(OSiMe2B)0)qS Me2H ail commercially available from vendors- such as, for example, Geiesi, inc. or Dow Corning Corp. The fiuorqaikyi silicone is the hydrosilyiation reaction product of a of

hydrosilicone and a perflisoroalkyl allyl ether of the formula:

rOCH ₂ CH-CH2, II

where

f is -perfluoroalk.y.1 of the formula

where q and r are independently 0 to 4, and X is a eovalent bond, -

0-, or -N:Rf ^! where _f is Ci-Ca peril uoroaikyl. Preferably q+r is at least 1 , more preferably at least two.

It will be appreciated that the R _f group may be linear or branched or a combination thereof, and has a -Cl¾~ group adjacent the ether oxygen. The number of perf!uorinated carbon atoms in the group -CF2-C F _2tj -X-C _r F _2r -F is 1 to 8, preferably 3 to 6. Preierred -R _f groups include -CF _3s -CFjCFs, -CF ₂ C ₂ F _S . -CF ₂ C ₃ F ₇₎ -CF2C4F9, ~CF ₂ CsF _m

CF ₃ 0(CF ₂ ) ₂ CF ₂ -, (CF ₃ )2N(CF ₂ )2CF and C ₃ F?OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ -, or -CF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )2.

The perfluoroasky! aJiyi ethers of Formula Π may be prepared by the allylation of a perfluorinated acid fluoride, in the presence of fluoride ion, with an ally! compound of the formula;

3 where "X" is a leaving groups, such as a tosylate, faaiide, acetoxy or mesylate. As result of the reaction, the fluoroaikyl ally! ethers have a -CFV group and a -CH group adjacent the ether oxygen. Useful ally! compounds include Ci¾=CH€H;CI, CHj-CHCjHfeBr,

aryi.

R _f -COF > R L-CF ₂ ~0 CH ₂ -CH ^~ -CH ₂ -X !l

The perfiuorinated acyl fluorides can be prepared, for example, by electrochemical fl orinaiiqn (ECF) of a corresponding hydrocarbon carboxyHc acid, or derivative thereof such as a carboxylic acid halide, anhydride or ester, using either anhydrous hydrogen fluoride ("Simons" ECF) or P.2BF ("Phillips" ECF) as an electrolyte. Details of the "Simons" ECF process may be found in U.S. Pat, No, 2.519,983 (Simons) and by S,

'agase in ! FLUORINE Chem. Rev. 77, 77-106 (1 67), and W.V. Chiids et at Anodic Fluormation, in ORGANIC FLUO OGHEMISTRY 1 - ^' 103-04, ! 113-17 (Henri in g Lund & Manuel M Baizer eds„ 1 91} provide a description of the "Phillips" ECF process. It will be appreciated that acid fluoride group, -COF, will be converted to a CF ₂ groups: R -COF

Perfiuorinated acyl fluorides can also be prepared by dissociation of perfluorinaied carboxyHc acid esters (which can be prepared from the corresponding hydrocarbon or partially-fluorinated carboxylic acid esters by direct ^' fluormation with fluorine gas).

Dissociation can be achieved by contacting the perfluorinaied ester with a source of fluoride ion under reacting conditions (see the method described in U.S. 5,466,877 (Moore), whose ^' description is incorporated herein by reference) or by combining the ester with at least one initiating reagent selected from the group consisting of gaseous, non- hydroxylic nucleophiies; liquid, non-hydroxylie nucleophiles; and mixtures of at least one non- hydroxy lie nucleophile (gaseous, liquid, or solid) and at least one solvent that is inert to ac l a ting agents.

Initiating reagents that can be employed in this dissociation reaction are those gaseous or liquid, non-hydroxylie nucleophiles and mixtures of gaseous, liquid, or solid, non-hydroxylic nucleophile(s) and solvent (hereinafter termed "solvent mixtures") that are capable of nncleophilic reaction with perfluorinated esters. The presence of small amounts of hydroxylic nucieophiies can be. tolerated.

Suitable gaseous or liquid, non-hydroxylic nucieophiies include dialkylamines, maikyiarnmes, carboxamides, alkyl sulfoxides, oxazolidones, pyridines, and the like, nd mixtures thereof Suitable non-hydroxylic nucieophiies tor use in solvent mixtures include such gaseous or liquid, non~ hydroxylic nucieophiies, as well as solid, non-hydroxylic nucieophiies, e.g.. fluoride, cyanide, eyanaie, iodide, chloride, bromide, acetate, mercaptide, alkoxide, thiocyanate, azide, tnmethylsi!yl difluonde, bisulfite, and bif!uo ide anions, which can be utilized hi the form of alkali metal, ammonium, aikyl-sirbstituted ammonium (mono-. di~, tri-, or tetra- substituted), or quaternary phosphonium salts, as well as mixtures thereof Such salts -are in general commercially available but, if desired, can be prepared by known methods, e.g., those described by .C. Sneed & R.C. B sted, ne Alkali etals _? in 6 COMREHENSIVE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 61-64 (1.957) and by I ohlcr et al in ANN. CHE . 1937 (Justus Liebigs ed., 1978) whose descriptions are also incorporated herein by reference.

Useful anhydrous fluorine-containing compounds "M ^" "are those that will dissociate -to form an anhydrous source of fluoride ion. Such compounds include metal fluorides (e.g., potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, and, cesium fluoride), metal bifluorides, and quaternary ammonium and phosphonium fluorides. To ensure an adequate yield of desired product, the anhydrous fluorine- containing compound must ^' be reacted with the fiuorinated carbonyl-contau ing compound at least sioicmometricaliy, i.e., in a 1 : ! molar ratio, relative to the earbonyl groups. Preferably, however, to ^' favor maximum yield, th anhydrous fluorine- containing compound is reacted in. a slight molar excess, up to about a ratio of 1.1:1 or 1.5:1 to Rf'COF. Fluoride catalyzed reactions of perfluorinated acid fluorides are described in US 5750797 (Flynn et al.), incorporated herein by reference.

Preferably, R _f 'COF is prepared by electrochemical fluorination from hydrocarbon precursors, such as R'C(0)F, [R'CCO^O,a¾ :HC(0)OC ₃ B ₇ and CH-C eC0 ₂ C ₄ ¾, where R' is€■--€<} alkyl, optional containing a catenary (in-chain) oxygen or nitrogen.

Ί in the presence of the hydros! hiation catalyst, the compounds of perfiiioroalky] aliyi ethers of Formula II are hydrosi!ated b the hydrosillcone of Formula III to produce the fluoroalkyi silicones of Formula I. All or a portion of the Si-E groups may undergo the hydrosi!y!ation with the compound of Formula IL In the following Scheme I, subscription "q" represent the number of original in-chain hydrosi!ane units, m the number of those in- chain units substituted by ydxosi!y!ation, and subscript s is the number of in-cha Si-H groups remaining. In addition, where ° is H, ail or a portion of those terminal Si-H groups may undergo h drosily!aiion to provide terminal groups in the R'. In some embodiments, all of the Si-H groups, whether terminal or in-chain, will be converted to or "-(C jHi -ORr groups , it will further be understood thai hydrosi!ylation of the fluoroalkyi ether of Formula II can yield two propyl isomers: propylene (Si-(€¾):r) and isopropyiene (Si-CHiCH-? }€¾-). These two isomers are illustrated genetically as

Scheme I

V

where

each R' is independently an alky! or aryl;

n is 0 to 2000;

m may be zero, preferably at least 1

q may be zero;

s may be zero;

R ^t! is H, alky! or aryl;

R:' is H, alkyL aryl or ~<C3¾)-O f,

with the proviso that the starting material of Formula HI contain at least one, preferably at least two Si-H groups, and with the proviso that the product of Formula V contains at least one, preferably at least two -(C ₃ ¾)-O f groups, whether in-chain represented by the units with subscript m, and/or one. -or both of the R ⁷ groups may be - C3¾)-ORf groups. Additions!!}', where there is partial hydrosiiylation of the compounds of Formula II _. , the product of Scheme 1 will further contain in-chain Si-H groups, represented by the units with subscript s, and/or one or both of the R ⁷ groups .amy be H.

Regarding the hydrosiiylation reaction, numerous patents teach the use of various complexes of cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, or platinum as catalysts for

hydrosiiylation reactions. For example, U .S. 4,288,345 (Ashby et a!) discloses as a catalyst for hydrosiiylation reactions a piati um-siloxane complex. Additional platinum- siloxane complexes are disclosed as catalysis for hydrosiiylation reactions in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,715,334, 3,775,452, and 3,814,730 ( arst dt et al). U.S. 3,470,225 ( norre et al) discloses production of organic silicon compounds by addition of a compound containing silicon- bonded hydrogen to organic compounds containing at least one non-aromatic double or triple carbon-to-earbon bond using a platinum compound of the empirical formula Pt ₂ ( COCR'COR") ₂ wherein X Is halogen, R is alkyl, R' is hydrogen or alkyl, and R" is alkyl or alkoxy.

The catalysts disclosed in the foregoing patents are characterized by their high catalytic activity. Other platinum complexes for accelerating the aforementioned thermally-activated addition reaction include: a platinaeyclobutane complex haying the formula (PtChC ₃ ¾) ₂ (U.S. 3,159,662, Ashby); a complex of a platinous salt and an olefin (U.S. 3,178,464 _; Pierpoint); a platinum-containing complex prepared by reacting chloropiatinic acid with an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, or mixtures thereof (U.S. 3,220.972, Lamoreaux); a platinum compound selected from mmethylplatinum iodide and hexamet yldiplatinurn (U.S. 3, 13,773, Lamoreaux); a hydrocarbyl or haiohydrocarbyi nitrite-platinum (11) hallde complex (U.S. 3,410,886, joy); a hexaniethyl-dlpyrldine- di platinum iodide (U.S. 3,567,755, Seyfned et ai); a platinum curing catalyst obtained from the reaction of chloropiatinic acid and a ketone having up to 15 carbon atoms (U.S. 3,814,731 , Nitzsche et ai); a platinum compound having the .general formula (R'lPtX? where R' is a cyclic hydrocarbon radical or substituted cyclie hydrocarbon radical having two aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds, and X is a halogen or alkyl radical (U.S.

4,276,252, Kxeis et al); platinum alkyne complexes (U.S. 4,603,215, Chandra et ai.); platinum aikenyicyclohexene complexes (U.S. 4.699,813, Cavezzan); and a colloidal hydrosi lylation c ta t provided by the reaction between a silicon hydride or a siloxane hydride and a platinum (0) or platinum (II) complex (U.S. 4,705,765, Lewis).

Although these platinum complexes and many others are useful as catalysts in processes for accelerating the hydrosilyiation, processes for promoting the ultraviolet or visible radiation-activated addition reaction between these compounds may be preferable in some instances. Platinum complexes that can be used to initiate ultraviolet radiation- activated hydrosilyiation reactions have been disclosed, e.g., platinum azo complexes

(U.S. Pat No, 4,670,531, Eckberg); (T^-cyck>octadiene)diar}1platinum complexes (U.S.

4,530,879, Drahnak); and (r¾5.cyclopentadienyl)trialkylplaiinum complexes (U.S.

4,510,094, Drahnak). Other compositions that are curable by ultraviolet radiation include those described in U.S. 4,640,939 and 4,712,092 and in European Patent Application No. 0238033. U.S. 4,916,169 (Boardman.et al) deseiibes hydrosilyiation reactions activated by visible radiation. U.S. 6,376,569 (Oxman et al.) describes a process for the actinic radiation-activated addition reaction of a compound containing silicon-bonded hydrogen with a compound containing aliphatic unsaiuration, said addition being referred to as

.hydrosilyiation. the improvement comprising using, a a platinum hydrosilyiation catalyst, an (q5_cy _G io e:ni dsen I) ri(a- li h tic) laiinum complex, and, as a reaction accelerator, a tree-radical photoinitiator capable of absorbing actinic radiation, i.e., light having a wavelength ranging from about 200 nm to about: 800 nm. The process can also employ, as a sensitizer, a compound tha absorbs actinic radiation, and that is capable of transferring energy to the aforementioned platinum complex or platinum complex/free--radical photomitiator combination, such that the hydrosilyiation reaction is initiated upon exposure to actinic radiation. The process is applicable both to the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds and to the curing of high molecular weight compounds, i.e., polymers.

Combinations of the hydrosilyiation catalysis and photocatalysts and/or curing methods may also be used.

The catalyst is typically present in an amount that is effective to catalyze the hydrosilyiation reaction. More typically, the catalyst is present i amounts sufficient to provide as little as one part of catalyst, or less, pe million parts of the Si-H groups of the silicone polymer. On the other hand, amounts of the catalyst sufficient to provide as high as 1 to 10, or more, parts of catalyst per 1,000 parts of the Si-H groups of the silicone polymer may also be used. Ail or a portion of the Si-H groups may be tunctionalized with the peril uoroalkyl group.

In the presence of the hydrosilylation catalyst, hydrosilylation of hydrosilicone of Formula III with the compounds of Formula II readily produce the fluoroa!kyl silicones of Formula I in high yield under mild conditions, such as at room temperature. The fl uoroalkyl allyl ether of formula IT demonstrated high reactivity to hydros! !i cones, and the reaction may be controlled by slowly addition of hydrosilicone into the solution of fiuoroalkyl allyl ether and catalyst - with or without solvent In contrary, almost no product was observed from C ₄ F9CH ^a ¾ under similar conditions, indicating the significantly higher reactivit of perfl oroalkyl allyl ether in comparison with

peril aoroalkylethylene.

Regarding the product of Formula V of Scheme i, the Si-H functional fiuoroalkyl silicones may be used as a crosslinking agent, such as to thennaHy crosslink with silicones or iluorinaied silicones having a plurality of ethylenicai!y unsaturated bonds in a su sequent hydrosilylation reaction. In some embodiments, the fiuoroalkyl silicone may be subsequently erossHnked b vinyl substituted silicones: i.e. silicone having a pluralit of vinyl groups.

The non-fluorinaied organopolysiioxane poiymers(vinyl silicones) comprise an average of at least two ethylenieally unsaturated organic groups, in some- embodiments, the non-fluorinated organopolysiioxane polymer has a vinyl equivalent weight of no greater than 60,000 grains per equivalent, e.g., no greater than 20,000, or even no greater than 10,000 grams per equivalent. In some embodiments, the non-fluorinated

organopolysiioxane polymer has a vinyl equivalent weight of 2000 to 5000 grams per equivalent, e.g., 2000 to 4000 grams per equivalent, or even 2500 to 3500 grams per equivalent.

Exemplary non-fluorinated organopolysiioxane polymers include those comprising a triorganosiloxy endblocked polydiorganosiloxane polymer. In some embodiments, the non-fluorinated organopolysiioxane polymer comprises jSiCbr? units (i.e., "D" units) and RsSiOj.Q units (i.e., "M" units), wherein each R group independently represents a saturated

1 ! or ethylenicaliy unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, provided that at least two R groups contain terminal eth lenic unsaturaiion.

The ethylenically unsaturated radicals are Independently selected from the group consisting of the vinyl radical and higher aikenyi radicals represented by the formula -R- CB-CH wherein R ^! denotes -(CH ₂ ) _W -; and w has the value of 1 -48.

In some embodiments, trace amounts of non-linear si!oxane units, i.e., S1Q<} _/ ? units (i.e., "Q" units) and SiO^a, units (i.e., "T" units); wherein is as described above. In some embodiments, trace amounts of other silicon-bonded radicals, such as hydroxy! and alkoxyl may also be present,

Exemplary non-iluorinated. organopolysitoxane polymer comprising an average of at least two ethylenically unsaturated organic groups include those having the formula iD _x M ^! , wherein M represents M units, D represents D units, the superscript "vi" indicates the presence of vinyl-functional groups, and x is the degree of polymerization. Commercially available M ^v 'D _x M ^vi , non-iluorinated organopolysiloxane polymers ^' . include those available under the trade designations DMS-V from Qeles ^' t Inc. (e.g., DMS-V03, ^' DMS-V05, DMS-V21 , DMS-V22, DMS-V25, D S-V35, and DMS-V41).

Examples of useful silicone having a plurality of vinyl groups include vinyl terminated poIydimethylsUoxanes having the formula

H ₂ C-CHSiMe20(SiMe ₂ 0)„SiMe ₂ .CH-CH2 (CAS 68083-19-2); vinyl terminated dhnethylsilpxane-diphenylsiloxaiie copolymers having the ^' formula

H ₂ C-CHSiMe->0(Si e ₂ 0) _ft {SiPh ₂ 0)mSiMe ₂ CH==CH ₂ (CAS:. 68951-96-2); vinyl terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxanes having the formula

H ₂ C ^:: HSIMePh( ⁾ {SiMePhO) _n Si ePbCe-Ci½ (CAS: 225927-21 -9); vinyi-phenylmethy! terminated viny!phenylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymers (CAS: 8027-82-1); vinyl terminated triiluoropropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylslloxarse copolymers having the formula H ₂ C-CHSiMePhO(SiMe ₂ 0) _a (SiMe(CH ₂ CH2CF ₃ )0) _5S SiMePhCH-CH2 (CAS:

68951 -98-4); H ₂ C-CHSiMe ₂ 0- SiMe ₂ 0) _n (SiMe CH ₂ CH ₂ CF ₃ )0) _m SiMe ₂ CH-CH _2s

H ₂ C== HSiMe ₂ 0- SiMe ₂ 0) _n (Si e(C l ₂ C ½C%F ₉ )0 _m SiMe ₂ CH- ¾ vinyl terminated dimethylsiloxane-diethy!siloxane copolymers having the formula

H ₂ 0== }-!SiMe20(SiMe20) _li (SiEt20) ₁ ,SiMe ₂ CI ^: i-€fl2; trimethylsiloxy terminated vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsi!oxaiie copolymers Me3$i<){SiMe ₂ 0) _n (SiM (CH-CH ₂ )0) ₅₁₁ SlMe ₃ (CAS: 67762-94-1); vinyl terminated viny!methylsiloxane-diniethylsiloxane copolymers having the formula

¾C=CH{Si e ₂ 0) _n (Si eCH-CH ₂ 0} _m SiMe ₂ CH-C¾ (CAS: 68063-18-1 );

vinylmethylsi!oxane horaopo!ymers (cyclic and linear) having the formula

T-stmcture polymers having the formula MeSj 0(SiMe ₂ 0) _nr SiMe ₂ C ~C¾]3; all commercially available from vendors such as, for example, Ge!est, Inc., Morris vide. Pa. or Dow Coming Corp., Midland, Mich. Additional useful silicones having a plurality of vinyl groups include a vinyl-terminated fi orosilicone that is commercially available under the trade designations "SYL-OFF Q2-7785" and "SYL-OFF Q2-7786" from Dow Corning Corp.

In some -embodiments, the Si-H group .of Formula V, Scheme I may be converted to alky! groups by subsequent hydrosiiyiation of an olefin of the formula:€H2 ^!! HC¾- R ⁴ . where R is H or C-r-Cso alky! in the presence of a hydrosiiyiation catalyst.

Again with regard to the ^' -silicone- of Formula V, Scheme L the Si-H groups- may be converted to aikoxide groups (Si-H -> Si-OR ⁴ ) and the alkoxy-inuetional fhioroalkyl silicone can be subsequently crosslinked by si!oxane fomiaiion. Generally, the hydrides are reacted with an alcohol of the formula R ⁴ -OH to convert all or a portion of the Si-H groups to Si-OR ⁴ groups, where R ⁴ is a Ci-Cse alkyl- Thus the present disclosure provides cress!mkable, iluoroalkyl silicones of the formula:

wherein

n is 0 to 2000;,

m may be zero, preferably at least one;

s may be zero;

t may be zero, preferably at least one;

R ⁸ is H, alkyl or aryl -(C ₃ H ₆ )-ORf or OR ⁴ , where R ⁴ is Ci-C _S o alky I;

with the proviso that the silicone contains at least one, preferably at least two Si-OR ^" * groups and the silicone contains at least one -(C^Hsl-OR group. ^' In Formula V, the unit with the subscript t may be at least one, preferably at least two, and/or R. ⁸ may be -OR ⁴ . Farther, if only a portion of the Si-H groups are converted to alkoxysilane groups (Si~ OR ^"* ), then s may be at least one, and/or a potion of R ⁸ may be II. Further, the unit with the subscript m may be at least one, and/or a portion of the R ⁸ groups may be -(C3¾)- ORf. In some embodiments ⁴ is lower-chain alky! (C ₃ -Cis, preferably C; -C ). In other embodiments R ⁴ is long-chain aikyl (Cjg-Cso)

Subsequently, these alkoxide groups (Sl-OR ⁴ ) may be hydrolyzed by moisture, then cross! nfced by dehydration catalyzed by acid from a photoacid -generator (PAG) initiated by photo irradiation, or a thermal acid generator initiated by heating to form, s loxane Si-O- Si crosslinked polymers. The acid generator is preferably free of amines or ammonium compounds. The crosslinking of the alkoxide substituted silicones by photo irradiation in the presence of P AG Is described in US 6129980 or WO 9840439 (Lin et ah), incorporated herein by reference.

The conversion of all or a .portion of the Si-H group in the. silicone to alkoxide groups by reacting the hy dropolysiioxarie with an alcohol in the presence of at least one of a Pd(0) and Pt(O) catalyst according to the methods of US, S.N 61/739277(Rathore et at) filed 1 Dec 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.

A wide variety of acid generating materials can be used in the practice of the invention to catalyze the moisture curing reaction, including onium salts such as sulionium and iodoniorn salts. Activating the acid generating materia! liberates an acid that initiates and accelerates . crosslinking of the moisture-curable composition through the formation of Si-O-Si crosslinks. Activation may be accomplished ^" by irradiating the composition with, for example, ultraviolet, visible light, electron beam or microwave radiation. ^' While heat may be used to activate the acid generating, material, the compositions of the invention advantageously do not require -this and thereby ca avoid undesirable damage to heat sensitive substrates.

Although the acid generating material described above is preferred due to the controlled curability it provides, it has been found that condensation catalysts, such as strong organic acids, weak Lewis acids, weak organic bases and metal chelates can also be used in the preparation of the novel silicone pressure-sensi ti ve adhesive. Another preferred class of condensation catalyst is the strong organic acids having pK.a values of less than about 3 and the anhydrides and ammonium salts thereof described in U. S. Patent No, 5,286,815. Examples of useful strong organic acids and derivatives include trichloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, malonic acid, mtroacetic acid, dichloroaceiic acid, dirXuoroaeeue acid, trichloroacetic anhydride, dichioroaeetic anhydride, difiuoroacetic arthydride, triethyl ammonium trichloroaceiate, trimeihyiammonium trichloroacetate, and mixtures thereof.

The condensation catalyst .or an acid generating material is used in amounts of about 0.5 to abou t 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the alkoxy

.functional silicone,

The iluorosilicone of Formula IV contains both Si-OR ⁴ and Si-H functional groups are dual curable, which may be controllably cured initially via Si~H with a vinyl silicone, then moisture or photo-acid cured from Si-OR ⁴ or vice versa.

The iluorosilicone release, materials of Formula I can be blended with one or more additional low surface energy materials (e.g., a fluoropolymer or silicone) while maintaining the desired low release characteristics of the iluorosilicone material, even when the additional low surface energy material itself is not a release material, in addition., in some embodiments, high blend ratios may be used without detrimentally -affecting the readhesiors force of the- adhesive after removal for the blended release materials of the present - _. disclosure.

Exemplary- low surface energy materials that. may be- lended with the- iluorosilicone release .polymer of Formula _. I include additional fluorosHieofie polymers, including those described herein, as. well as Hon-fluo.rirs.ated silicones and fluoropolymers.

Fiuoropoiymers can be prepared from- wide variety of fluorinated ethylenes and non-fluorinated monomers. As used herein, tlie term "fluorinated" includes both periiuormated and partially- fluorinated materials.

Generally, any known iluorosilicone release polymer may be used. The term "iluorosilicone" means a silicone material comprising at least some fluorine atoms on a pendent groups (i.e. fluoroalky ^' l). Exemplary fluorosiiicone release coatings include release coating compositions derived from orgaiiopo!ysiloxanes having iluorine containing organic groups and aikenyi groups an organohydrogensi!oxane erossiinkrag agent and a platinum-containing catalyst. Other fluorosiiicone release coatings may be derived from, e.g., organopolysiloxan.es having fluorine containing organic groups and silicon-bonded hydrogen groups, an alkenyl functional organopol.ysiloxane and a platinum-containing catalyst.

A number of useful commercially available fluorosilicone polymers are available from Dow Coming Corp. (Midland, Mich.) under the SYL-OFF and the SYL-OFF

ADVANTAGE series of trade designations including, e.g., SYL-OFF 02-7785 and SYL- OFF Q2-7786. These fluorosilicone polymers are particularly useful in forming release coating compositions when combined with a suitable crosslinking agent. One useful crosslinking agent is available under the SYL-OFF Q2-7560 trade designation from Dow Corning Corp. Other useful crosslinking agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,082,706 (Tangney) and 5,578,381 (Hamada etak). Other fluorosilicone polymers are commercially available from General Electric Co. (Albany, N.Y.), Waeker Cliemie (Germany), Akrosii (Menasha. Wis.), rid Loparex (Wiilowbrook, HI.). Other fluorosilicone polymers are available from Momentive (FSR2O00), and Siliconainre (Scotchpak 9741 and Ml 17) One class of .fluoropolymers is based, upon fl ^' uorinated oleiinie .monomers such as tetraf!uoroethyleae (TFE), hexafiaoropropyiene (HFP), vinyl fluoride (VF), vinylidene and fluoride (VDF), In some embodiments, the r uoroolef n-based ^' fluof Opolymers may be homopolymers or copolymers of fiuorinated olefinic monomers. In some embodiments, the fluoroolefin-based fluoropolymers may be copolymers of one or more fiuori ated oiefmic monomers and one or more other monomers, including, e.g., non-fluorinated olefins such as ethylene, chlorinated olefins such as chlomtrifluoroethyiene, and fiuorinated vinyl ethers such, as iriiluoromethylviny ^' lether.

In some embodiments, the fluoroolefin-based polymers may be amorphous fluoropolymers. As used herein, 'amorphous fluoropolymers are materials that exhibit essentially no crystallinily or possess no significant melting point as. determined for example by differential scanning ealorimeiry (DSC). In some embodiments, the amorphous fluoropolymers are elastooieric. In some embodiments the e!astomeric fluoropolymers may comprise, e.g., inierpolymerized units derived from VDF, HFP, and, optionally, TFE monomers. Examples of such are commercially available from 3M Company under the trade names Dyneon™ Fluoroelastonier FC 2145 and FT 2430.

Additional amorphous fluoropolymers include, e.g., VDF-chlorotriiluoroeihylene copolymers, commercially available under the trade name Kel-F™ 3700, from 3M

Company.

Irs some embodiments, the iluoroolefin-based polymers may be homopoiymers and copolymers that do exhibit crystalline melting point. Exemplary crystalline linoropoiymers include those based on fluorlnate monomers such as TFE or VDF such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), available commercially from 3M Company as Dyneon™ PVDF, or thermoplastic copolymers of TFE such as those based on the crystalline microstructure of TFE-HFP-VDF, e.g.. those available from 3M under the trade name Dyneon™

Fibroplastic TFFV™ 220.

In some embodiments, the fluoroolefin-based polymers may include PVDF- containing f!uoroplastic materials having very low molar levels of HFP such as those sold under the trade name Dyneon™ PVDF 6010 or 3100, available from Dyneon LLC, of St. Paul, Minn.; and yna 740, 2800, 301 , available from Elf Atochem North America inc.

A separate class- of iluoropolymers useful in some embodiments of the present disclosure- are iluoroacrylate polymers, which are based upon (meth)acr lates (i.e., acry!ate-s and or methacry!ates) -having pendant fiuoroalkyl groups, Huoroacrylate polymers derived from iluoroacrylate monomers and mUlti-(meth)acrylates such a polyethylene glycol diacrylate. (PEGDA) or 1,6-hexanediol di aery late (HDD A) will form nonlinear (e.g., branched and/or crosslinked) iluoropolymers. Flnoroacrylate polymers derived from fiuoroacr late monomers and m©no-(meth)acrylates such as C5 -C50 acrylates (e.g., C -C20 acrylates such as butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, 2-efhylhexyl acrylate, and octadecyl acrylate) form. linear Iluoropolymers.

Such .fiuoroacrylate monomers can be polymerized, io yield a iluorinated acrylic polymer as described in US 7199197 (Caldwell et al.) and US 7297210 (Qui et at). The Huoroacrylate monomers can also be copolymerized with one or more comonomers such as niono-(meth)acrylate monomers to produce linear iluoropolymers according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the comonomer may be an a!kyl mo.no~(meth)aerylate. In some embodiments, the alkyl mono-(meth)acrylate is a C' r C50, e.g., a C-4 to C _2t¾ alkyl mono-(meth)acrylate. Representative examples of useful alkyl mono-(meth)aerylaies include methyl(meth)acr> ate, butyl (me th)acrylate, isobutyl (nieth)ac 1ate liexylimeih)aay!ate, dodecy!(meih)acry ale, octadecyI(nieth)acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acryl:ate«

The ratio of fluoroalkyl silicone release composition to fiuoropolymer (e.g., linear fiuoroacryiate polymer or iluoroolefmic polymer) can. vary widely. For example, in some embodiments, the weight ratio of the fluoroalkyl silicone release polymer of Formula 1 to the linear fiuoropolymer is no greater than 10: 1 , no greater than.5:1, or even no greater than 3:1 , In some embodiments, it may be desirable to minimize the amount of the relatively expensive tluoroalkyi silicone release polymer of Famiula I, while retaining the required release and readhesion properties, in some embodiments, the weight ratio of the fluoroalkyl silicone release polymer of Formula I to the linear fiuoropolymer is no greater than .1 :1 , no greater than 1 :5, no greater than 1 :10, or even no greater than 1 :20. For example, in some embodiments the weight ratio of the fluoroalkyl silicone release polymer of Formula I to. the linear fiuoropolymer is between 10: 1 and 1:20, e.g., between 3: 1 and 1 :20, inclusive; between 2:1 and 1:10, inclusive (e.g., between 1 :1 and 1 : 10 , inclusive), or even between 2: 1 and 1 :3.

In other embodiments the fluoroalkyl silicone of formula I may be blended with non-tlnorinated silicone polymers, including vinyl-substituted (described svpm), hydrogen (Si-H) substituted silicone polymers, and non-functional silicone polymers. As previous described for the vinyl-substituted silicone polymers, the hydrogen-substituted and non- functional silicone polymers may comprise M, D, T and Q units. Vinyl-substituted and hydrogen-substituted (Si-H) silicone .polymers are described in US 7279210 (Qiu et.al..). Incorporated herein by reference.

Coatings

The present disclosure, further provides coating compositions comprising the fluord ^' silicone of Formula I in a suitable solvent. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides crossi kabie coating compositions comprising the fluorosilicone of Formula I and a crosslinkiag agent in a stable solvent. In other embodiments, the fluoroalkyl silicone of Formula IV, containing hydrolysable S.i~OR ⁴ groups, is self-erossiinking by formation of siloxane bonds.

The term "coatabie" or "coatable composition" means that the composition is soluble or dispersible in solvents or water and is substantially gel-free and, that it can be applied to -substrate using standard coating methods, and that it forms a film upon heating or curing. The coatable compositions of the invention can be used to impart release properties to a wide variety of substrates.

The coatable compositions are preferably diluted or dispersed in a liquid (for example, water and/or an organic solvent) before coating a substrate. Preferably, the coating compositions contain from about 5 to about 15 percent solids (more preferably, about 2 to about 10 percent), based upon the weight of the coating composition.

The coatable compositions can be applied to .fibrous substrates (for example, woven, knit, and non-woven fabrics, textiles, carpets, leather, or paper) to impart -water- and oil -repel !eney. The coatable compositions can be applied to a substrate (or articles comprising a substrate) by standard methods such as, for example, spraying, padding, dipping, roll coating, brushing, or exhaustion.

The composition can then be dried to remove any remaining -water or solvent. Preferably, the coated composition is heated to a temperature- between about I00°C, and about 175°C. The coatable compositions are -useful as release coatings, and can be applied to surfaces requiring release properties from adhesives. Surprisingly, dried coatable compositions of the invention show significant solvent resistance. The coatable compositions can therefore be used as release coatings for solvent cast adhesives.

Substrates suitable for release coatings include, for example, paper, metal sheets, foils, non- woven fabrics, polyolefi coated paper, and films of thermoplastic resins such as polyesters, polyamides, po lyo!efms, polycarbonates, and polyvinyl chloride. Release coating compositions can be applied to suitable substrates by conventional coating techniques such as, for example, wire- wound rod, direct gravure, offset gravure, reverse roll, air-knife, -and trailing blade coating. The resulting release coating compositions can provide effective release for a wide variety of pressure sensitive adhesives such as, for example, natural rubber based adhesives, silicone based adhesives, acrylic adhesives, and othe -synthetic film-forming elastom rie adhesives.

Examples

Objects and advantages of this invention are further illustrated by the following examples, but fee particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other .conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention. These examples are merely for illustrative purposes only and are ot meant to be limiting on the scope of the appended claims.

Materials

Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, ratios, etc., in. the examples and in the remainder of the specification are by we ght. Unless otherwise noted, all chemicals were obtained from, or are available from, chemical suppliers such as Sigma-Aidrich Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO.

Boutevin, B.; Nouiri, M Talhi, M. J. Fluorine Chem 1995, 74, 191-197.

C4F9-O-CH ₂ CH-CH2 was made from C ₃ F ₇ C{0}P _s KF and CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ Br using the procedure described in Anrong IJ-et at, J Org Chem., 1999, 64, 5993 for making

:F ₂ CF2CF20CH ₂ CH=CH ₂ from ICF ₂ CF ₂ C(0)F and BrCH ₂ .CH-C%. The C ₄ F9- group was a mixture of n-C psr and -C ₄ p<>- in mole ratio of 57/43. ^}9 F N chemical shift of CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCH2.CH- H2: -82.6 (txt, J-9.6 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 3F), -86.8 (m, 2F, CF ₂ .0) _t - 127.2 (m, 2F), -127.5 (m, 2F) ppm; (eF ₃ } ₂ CFCF ₂ 0 ₂ CH<¾: -74.7 (txd, Λ ^» 12.64Hz, 3d-5.75Hz, 6F), -80.6 (m, 2F, CF ₂ 0), - 188.2 (m, 1 F) ppm.

Since a series of R _f C(0)F could be made by ECP process, this reaction provided a cheap process for making RpOCFi ₂ CFi=CH ₂ with variety of different _f groups.

Method for % Extraciable Silicone Test

Urireacted silicone extractables were measured on cured thin film formulations of Example and _. ^' Comparative Example samples described below to ascertain the extent of silicone crosslinking immediately afte the coatings were cured. The. percent extraetable silicone, (i.e., the unreacted silicone extractables), a measure of the extent of silicone cure on a release liner, was measured by the following method: ^' The silicone coat weight of a 3.69 centimeter diameter sample of coated substrate was determined by comparing samples of coated and uncoated substrates using an EDXRF spectrophotometer (obtained from Oxford Instruments, Elk Grove Village, 1L under trade designation OXFORD LAB X3000). The coated substrate sample was then immersed in and shaken with methyl isobutvl ketone (ΜΪΒΚ) for 5 minutes, removed, and allowed to dry. The silicone coating weight was measured again. Silieone extractables were attributed to the weight difference between the silicone coat weight before and after extraction with MIB as a percent using die following formula:

Extractab!e Silicone*/* = (a ~ b) / a * 100%

Where a ~ initial coatin weight (before extraction with MIBK); and

b ^~ final coating weight (after extraction with MIBK), ethod for Release Test

Release lest:

An IMASS SP2000 slip peel tester (obtained f om IMASS Ins., Accord, MA) was used for all release tests. Tests were performed at 2FC at 50% RH. A piece of 2.54 cm wide 3M Tape 610 was laminated to the sample coatings with a 2 kg rubber roller, then peeled at an angle of 180° at the speed of 2.29 m per minute in 5 seconds. Typically. 3 measurements were made and the mean reported.

Re-adhesion Test op Stainless Steel

The 3M Tape 610 strips peeled in the Release test were laminated to a steel plate with a 2. kg rubber roller. An IMASS SP2000 slip peel tester was used to peel the tape at an angle of 180° at the speed of 30 cm per minute in 10 seconds. Typically, 3 measurements were made and the mean reported,

Method for ^' Determining Contact Angle

Coated films prepared In Examples and Coated Examples described below were rinsed for 1 minute with hand agitation i an isopropan l (IPA) bath prior to water and hexadecane (FID) contact angles measurements. Measurements were made using a VCA- 2S00XE video contact angle analyzer (available from AST Products, Blllerica, MA). Reported values are the average of at least 3 drops; each drop was measured twice. Drop volumes were 5 μ£ for static measurements and 1-3 uL for advancing and receding. For HI), only advancing and receding contact angles are reported because static and advancing values were found to be nearly equal. Preparation ^-[SiMe(CsHg)C ₄ F^~O]?^[SiMeH~0]m- n m - / 7/83

Under N ₂ , Pi-Cat (40 ppm) and C4F ₉ OCH ₂ CH-CH ₂ (4 g, MW - 276, 14.5 rnmol) was mixed together in a 100 ml, round bottom flask followed by drop wis addition of the SYL-OFF 7048 (5 g, EWHSO, 833 meq H-Si) through a dropping funnel at room temperature. The addition of SYL-OFF 7048 resulted in the evolution of heat after 20-60 seconds of stirring. The mixture was continued to be stirred for additional 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by the analysis of the mixture by FT-IR, where Si-H signal at -2160 cm ^'1 reduced and ^! H NMR where Si-H signal at ~ ,5ppm reduced and Ci¾=€H-- signal disappeared. From ^: F NMR: analysis, very limited change was observed for C ₄ F9- O- signal, including, the ratio of and n-/i- CiFgOCHiCBsCbN-Silicone). To isolate the product low boiling point residuals were stripped out under full vacuum. solated yield was 99% and the ratio of n:m was. 17:83 based on the ratio of Si-H arid 0-C¾ f m -H NMR. Chemical shift of 1H-NMR.: 4.57 (- Sii¾ 3,81 (broad, -OCf¾); 1.59 (b) ₅ 1.24 (b), 0.82 (broad), 0.45 (broad); 0.01 (broad, - SiC/¾) ppm, indicating two isomers of hydrosi!y!ation with pendent grou of - C¾.C½C¾OC ₄ F ₉ and -CH{CH ₃ )CH20C ₄ F9,

Example 2(EX3)

Preparation of-fSiMe(C0 OC ₄ F^Q]n-[$iMeJf-Ojm~. n/m ^ 30/70

EX2 was prepared in the same manner as EX I , except that nonafluorobutyl .allyl ether (7.5 g, MW - 276, 27.17 rnmol) was used. Yield- 99% and the ratio of mm was 30:70. Chemical shift of 1H-NMR: 4.57 (~Si/f); 3.81 (broad, -OCH ₂ ); 1.59 (b), 1 .24 (b), 0.82 (broad), 0.45 (broad); ,0.01 (broad, -SiC.¾) ppm.

Example 3(EX3)

Preparation of -{$iMe(C _} H ₆ OC ₄ F ₉ )-0]n-[SiMeH-0]m , n/m - 50/50

EX 3 was prepared in the same manner as EXT. except that nonafluorobutyl allyl ether ( 12 g, MW-276, 43.47 rnmol) was used. Yield- 99% and the ratio of mm is 50:50. Chemical shift of 1H-NMR: 4,57 (-Sii% 3,81 (broad, -OC¾); 1 ,59 (b). 1 ,24 (b), 0,82 (broad), 0.45 (broad); 0.01 (broad, -SiC// ₃ ) ppm.

Example 4(EX4)

« 100/0

EX4 was prepared Irs the same manner as BXL except that nonafiuorobutyi ally! ether (23.5 g _s MW = 276, 85.14 mmoi) was used. Yield- 99% and the ratio of n:m is 100:0. Chemical shift of ^£ H~ M : 3.81 (broad, -OCi¾); 1.59 (b), 1.24 (b), 0.82 (broad), 0,45 (broad); 0.01 (broad, ~SiC¾) ppm.

Example 5 (EX5)

Preparation of^iMe(CsH^ ₄ Fp}~0 p-[SiMeH-0]q-iSiMer-0] , _p / _q / _n - 15/50/35

Under N¾ Pi-Cat (40 ppm) and nonaflnorobutyi ally! ether (3 g, MW ^' - 276, 10.87 mmoi) was mixed together in a 100 mL round bottom flask followed by drop wise addition of the SYL-OFF 7678: (5 g) through a dropping funnel at room temperature. The addition of SYL-OFF 7048 resulted in the evolution of heat after 20-60 seconds of stirring. The mixture was continued to be stirred for additional 30 minutes followed by the analysis ^' of mixture by FT- IE. where Si-H signal at -2160 cm ^"1 reduced and ^l H HMR where Si-H signal at -4.5 reduced. To isolate the product, ail. low boiling point residuals were stripped out under fell vacuum. Yield- 99% and the ratio of p/q/n ~ 15/50/35. Chemical shift of ^l H-NMR: 4.57 (-$iH}\ 3.81 (broad, -OCi¼); 1.59 (b), 1.24 (b), 0.82 (broad), 0.45 (broad); 0.01 (broad, -SiGl¾) ppm.

Exam le 6 (EX 6)

Preparation of-{SiMe(€jH _(i OC4F»)-OJn-fSiMe(OEi)-O m^ n m - 30/70

Product of E 2 (2.5 g) was mixed with excess anhydrous ethanol (2.5 g) in a 50 mL round bottom flask followed by the addition of 5 wt% Pd/charcoal (0.004 g) at room temperature under nitrogen. The addition of Pd on charcoal resulted in rapid evolution of hydrogen gas signifying the substitution of ethoxy groups. After 4-5 hrs of stirring at room temperature, the completion of reaction was confirmed by the FT-IR where St-H signal at -2160 em ^" ' disappeared and Ή NMR where Si-H signal at -4,5 disappeared. To isolate the product, Pd charcoal was filtered through ! micron-glass filter and any unreached ethanol residual was removed under full vacuum. Chemical shift of 1H-NMR: 3.8.1 (broad, -OC%}; 3.6 (b, -OCH2 .59 (b), 1 .24 (b), L20(b, CH ₃ ); 0.82 (broad); 0.45 (broad); 0.01 (broad, -5iCi¾) pprn.

Comparative Example A (CE-A)

Preparation of -{SiMe{C?H ₄ € _t F _$ )~0]n [$iMe fl)-O]m.- jro -{SiMelQ-QJm-t-rt- and n- C ₄ F _S CH^CH ₂

Under N ₂₍ Pt-Cat (40 pprn) and n-C^CH THa (5 g, MW = 246, 20.3 nimol) was mixed together .in a 100 mL round boitom .flask followed by drop wise addition of the SYL-OFF 7048 (5 g, EW of H-Si - 60, 83.3 meq) through a dropping funnel at room temperature. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. Then, the mixture was analyzed by FT-iR where almost no reduction in Si~H signal at -2160 cm ^" ' was observed and. Ή NMR where insignificant Si-H signal reduction at -4.5 was observed. Yield- <5%.

Repealing above reaction with more Pt-Cat at 80 ppm resulted in gelation of SYL- OFF 7048. Comparative Example B (CE-B)

Preparation of --{SiMe( ₃ H ₆ F^~0]n^iMeH)-0] - from ~[SiMeH)~0],

Under N ₂ , Pt-Cat. (40 ppm) and nonafl oro heptene-1 (5 g, W ^ 260, 19.23 mmoi ) were mixed together in a 100 mL round bottom flask followed by drop wi.se addition of the SYL-OFF 7048 (5 g, EW of H-Si = 60, S3, 3 meq) through a dropping funnel at room temperature. The mixture was continued to be stirred, for 3-4 hrs at room temperature afte addition, then- analyzed by FT-IR and Ή NM , no significant change was observed for .$i- H signals at -2160 cm ^"1 (FT-IR) and -4.5 ppm (H-NMR). Yield was less than 5%.

Example 7 (EX.7) aad Comparative Example C (CE-C

For EX7, lOg SYL-OFF 02-7785 was diluted, with 20g of mixed, solvent of heptane/ethyl acetate in ratio, of 80/20 by weight, then 0.80g polymer prepared, in BX-2 was added. The resulting fo-rmi ation was thoroughly mixed: and was coated n a 2-mil (0.058 millimeter (mm)) thick polyester terep hakie (PET) film (obtained from

Mitsubishi Polyester Film, Greer,. SC, under the trade designation "Hostaphan™ 3 SAB", which has one side chemically treated or primed to improve the adhesion of silicone coatings) -with a Ko#7 Mayer bar (corresponding to a coating weight of 1 g rn ² ). The coated layer was cured at 1 6 °C for 60 seconds is an oven equipped with- solvent exhaust;

The (%) silicone extractables of the resulting coating was ,2% when tested as described above.

CE-C was prepared in the same manner as EX? except thai 10 g S YL-OFF Q2- 77S5 was diluted with 20 g of mixed solvent of heptane/eihyl acetate (80/20 by weight), then added 0.6g SYL-OFF Q2-7560, The resulting formulation was thoroughly mixed and was coated on a 2-mil (0.058 millimeter (mm)) thick polyester tereph-thalate (PET) film. The ( ) silicone extractab!es of the resulting coating was 8.0% when tested as described above. Examples 8-10 (EX8 - EX10) aad Comparative Examples D-F (CE-D - CE-F)

EX8-EX10 were prepared in the same manner as EX 7, except that No #6, 4, 3

Mayer bars, respectively, were used corresponding to resulting coating weights of 1.3 g/m ^' , 0.86 g/m ² , and 0.65 g/rn\ respectively.

CE-D-CE-F were prepared in the same manner as. CE-C, except that No #6, 4, 3

Mayer bars, respectively, were used corresponding to resulting coating weights of 1.3 g/m ² , 0.86 g m ² , and 0.65 g/m ² , respectively.

Samples prepared above for EX7-EX10 and CE-D - CE-F were tested for their release, readliesion and water and HD contact angles using the methods described above.

The data are summarized below in Tables 1-4, below.

Table 1

N/A means not applicable Table 2

Table 4

Phis disclosure provides the following embodiments:

A fiuoroaikyl silicone of the formula;

wherein

each R ^! is independently an a iky! or aryl

Rf is perfluoroalkyl of the formula

-Cf ₂ -C _¾ F _2t r -C _r F? _r ~F, where q and r are independently 0 to 4.

X is a covaient bond, -0-, or -N _f where R _r ^l is CV-C¾ perfluoroalkyl;

R ³ is ~H, -OR ⁴ , or R ⁴ is.Ci*C» alkyl;

n is 0 to 2000- m may be zero;

p may he zero, and n + p is at least one:

R ⁵ is H, aft l, aryl - C3H ₆ )-0- _f , or R ³ ;

wherein the fiuoroaikyl silicone has at least one R group. . The fiuoroaikyl sil icone of embodiment 1 , wherein R _f is selected from -CF_¾ _; - CF ₂ CF¾ -€F ₂ C ₂ F$, -CFsCsF? _. , -CF ₂ C Fs, -CF ₂ CsPii,€ 0(€¥ ₂ ) _ζ €.¥ ₂ -,.

(CF ₃ )2N(CF2) ₂ CF2-, -CF CF(CF3)2 and C ₃ F ₇ OCF(CF ₃ )CFr. . The fiuoroaikyl silicone of any of the previous embodiments wher the ratio of n to m is greater than one. . The fiuoroaikyl silicone of any of the previous embodiments where the ratio of n to m is greater than ten. . The fiuoroaikyl silicone of any of the previous embodiments having a Mw of at least 200. The iluoroalkyi silicone of any of the previous embodiments wherein m is at least

The il uoroalkyi silicone of any of the previous embodiments wherein R ⁵ is ^■ ··· (C3¾)-OR _f ;

The iluoroalkyi silicone of any of embodiments I to 6 wherein p is at least 1 and

R. ³ is H.

The iluoroalkyi silicone of any of embodimesis 1 to 6 wherein p is at least 1 and R ³ is ·· --OR ⁴ , where R ⁴ is C _r C alkyl.

The fJuoroaikyl. si licone of any of embodiments 1 to 6 wherein p is at least ! and R ^"

The iluoroalkyi silleone of any of the previous embodiments wherein n is 10 to

2000.

The iluoroalkyi silicone of any of the previous embodiments wherein R« contains 1 to 8 perfluorinated carbon atoms.

The iluoroalkyi silicone of an of the previous embodiments wherein ¾ contains 2 to 6 perfiuorinated carbon atoms.

The . iluoroalkyi silicone of any of the previous embodiment wherein the ratio of m to p is 100:0 to 10:90.

A method of making the iluoroalkyi silicone of an of the previous embodiments comprising; hydrostlylatton the presence of a liydrosilylaiion catalyst of a perfluoroalkyl ai!yl ether of the formula: Rf CH2CH~C¾, where Rf is perfmoroalkyl of the formuia

"CFs-CqFiq-X-CrF , where q and r are independently 0 to 4;

with a hydrosilicone of the formuia: where ft Is 0 to 2000; and

q may be zero;

R* Is H, alkyl or ary!,

with the proviso that the hydrosilicone contains at least one Si-H group.

The m ethod of embodiment 15 wherein the perfi oroa!kyl ally! ether is prepared by allylation of Rf C(0)F with an aOylation agen in the presence of fluoride ion, where R is a€■-€¾ perfluoroaikyl group.

The method of ern-bodimenti6 wherein the R C(0)F is prepared by electrochemical fluori nation of a non-fluormated carboxvlie acid derivative in

18 The method of embodiment 15 wherein the hydrosilylation product is of the

Formula:

wriei

n Is 0 to 2000:,

rn may be zero;

5 may be zero to 2000;

R ⁷ is H, alkyl, aryi or -(C ₃ H ₆ )-OR _f with the proviso that the silicone contains at least one Si-H group and at least one - (C ₃ ¾)-0-R _f group. The method of embodiment 18 comprising the further step of alkdxyiatioa of the Si-H groups with an alcohol of the formula R -OlT where R ⁴ is C5 -C alkyi.

¾e product of embodiment 19 of the form ula:

wwhheerreeiinn

nn iiss 00 ttoo 22000000;;,,

mm iiss aatt lleeaasstt oonnee;;

ss m maayy bbee zzeerroo;;

tt mmaayy bbee zzeerroo.;;

R R* ⁸ iiss HH,, aallkkyyii oor aarryyll oorr OORR ⁴⁴ ,, wwhheerree RR ⁴⁴ iiss HH oorr CC ii--CCttss a allkkyyii;;

tt mmaayy bbee zzeerroo;;

w wiitthh tthhee pprroovviissoo tthhaatt tthhee ssiilliiccoonnee ccoonnttaaiinnss aatt lleeaasstt oonnee.. pprreeffeerraabbllyy aatt.. lleeaasstt ttwwoo SSii

The method of embodiment! 8 comprising: the further step of hydrosilylation of the Si-H groups with a compound of the formula CHj-CH-R ⁴ , where R* is Cr-Csq alkyi in the presence of a hvdrosilvlaiion catalyst. The method of embodiment! I providing a silicone of the formula:

wherein

n is 0 to 2000; ,

m is at least one;

s may be zero;

R ⁹ is alkyi, aryl or H¾¾)-R\ where R is CpCso alkyi;

with the proviso that t e silicone contains at least one ~{ ¾Η6)-Κ. ⁴ group. , The method of embodiment 18 comprising the farther step of crossllnking the silicone with a vinyl silicone polymer, , A release liner comprising a backing and a layer of the cured coating of the

fluoroalkyl silicone of any of embodiments 1-14 on at least one major surface of the backing. , The release liner of embodiment 24 wherein at least one of ^' " and R ^J of the

fluoroalkyl silicone is -OR ⁴ , where R is C1-.C4 alkyi. , The release liner of embodiment 25, ^' wherein the fluoroalkyl silicone is moisture cured. . The release liner of embodiment 24, wherein at least one of ^s and R ^' of the

fluoroalkyl. silicone is H, cured with a vinyl silicone. , The release liner of embodiment 24 wherein at least one of R ⁵ and R ^J of the

fluoroalkyl silicone is H, and at least one of ⁵ and R ^J of the fluoroalkyl silicone is -OR ^* ' and is. cured by hydrosilylaiion with a vinyl silicone , and moisture or photo- acid cured from Si-OR ⁴ , . The release liner of embodiment 25, wherein the fluoroalkyl silicone is photo

irradiation cured in the presence of a photoacid generator. An adhesive article comprising (I) a release liner comprising a backing and a cured release coating comprising the fluoroalkyl silicone of any of embodiments I -14 on at least one surface of the backing, and (II) a pressure-sensitive adhesive in contact with a surface of file rel ease li ner .

The adhesive article of embodiment 30, further comprising a second backing adhered to the adhesive surface on the opposite surface of the release liner.

The adhesive article according to any one of embodiments 30 or 31 , wherein the adhesive comprises a silicone adhesive.

The adhesive article according to any one of embodiments 31 to 32, wherein the adhesive comprises an acrylate · adhesive-.

A- coatable release solution comprising the- iluorosilieone of any if embodiments 1 ~ 14 and a solvent.

The coatable release soimion of embodiments 34 further comprising anon- fluorinated organopolysiloxane polymer.

The coatable release solution of embodiment 34 further comprising a linear fluoropolvmer.

The coatable release solution of embodiment 36 wherein the linear fiuoropolymer is a fluoroalkyl acrylate polymer.