| WO2003087434A1 | 2003-10-23 | |||
| WO2007041872A1 | 2007-04-19 | |||
| WO2003011437A1 | 2003-02-13 |
HUI LI ET AL: "Development of a continuous reactor for the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide to formate - Part 1: Process variables", JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DO, vol. 36, no. 10, 22 August 2006 (2006-08-22), pages 1105 - 1115, XP019398021, ISSN: 1572-8838
| CLAIM POINTS: 1. The new procedure is caracterized with that we execute the dioxide gas neutralization with reduction, elctron lifting. 2. The new procedure is caracterized with that we use hidroxid ion (OH") for the dioxide reduction. 3. The claim point number 2 is caracterized with that we produce the hidroxid (OH*) ion in ionization cell. 4. The new procedure is caracterized with that we use catalyst for the ion forming, practically some kind of alcalic metal, practically potassium (K) and/or Natrium (Na) 5. The claim point number 4 is caracterized with that the cell spaces and /or catalyst surface in the reactor container are shaped from metal-potassium and/or metal-natrium plates. 6. The claim point is caracterized with that the ionization cell is built in a reactor container provided with safety valves. 7. The new procedure is caracterized with that we divide outside air in the reactor space, and we utilize its oxigen (O2) and water steam (H2O) content. 8. The claim point number 7 is caracterized with that apply ventury valve practically for providing the air replacing. |
Applicant: Ferenc Meszaros, Piliscsev, HUNGARY Date: 17. July 2008
Subject of the invention method and equipment for reduction of the contaminating emission of flue gases
The gas derogating and flue gas neurizating procedures kown from technic state are the following:
Filteration (eg.: active carbon)
Metal catalyst - Gaswasher (eg.: limemilk - CaOH vaporizing in the gas )
Gas occlusion (in some kind of reducing liquid, eg.: into natrium-hidroxid water), etc. For the experts many flue gas cleaner (emission reducer) technology are known that are used in the industry in wide range for many decades. Eg.: the unfumigation of fuel gas of the power stations. The sulphur dioxide in the flue gas (SO 2 ) and the sulphur acid (H 2 SO 3 ) are harmful for the enviroment, however it is really toxic for the live organisms. The other gas which I would stress as example and the curently world mostly concern about the dioxide(CO 2 ).
As the state of technic there is no economic technic - usable by industry - for the CO 2 setting and/or neutralizing. This gas is taken responsible for clime disaster and global warming up. Internationally the industry, the traffic (air-mainland , water) power station, and household etc. dioxide emission is measurable in more than ten billion tones per years. Todays many scientists and clime experts agree about that the dioxide emission has to be reduced, radical measures have to be taken for handling of the CO 2 problem, because the stake is the humanity future. I stress these two gases (flue gas) SO 2 , CO 2 and mainly the dioxide as probably this is the problem number one of humanity which is waiting for the solution. Opportunities are: Theoritically and /or as laboratory level, accidentally in small industry measures (eg: active coal filtertion) the dioxide gas can be set, made stabil and transformed for other not agressive compound.
In great industry measures, globally in all the countries of the earth there is no way for the CO 2 naturalizing. Bigger volume tests, test productions (experiments) are under procedure in more countries for storage buryed under the ground, in stone stratum, in holes under the sea in 1-1,5 kms depths. The experts taking after the theme are optimist about the project, but currently the procedure is not enough safe and very expensive. There is not guarantie that the gas will stay in the ground. Currently any other industry measure solutions is unknown under tests. During working out the solution as the innovation my aim was to contribute to save the clime and the enviroment, reduce the airpollution and global warming. The prior aim of the technology is integrating it to more industry spheres through the vehicle industry.
The procedure as the innovation is counted among the gaswasher, gas occlusion technologies and/or all those solution that use liquid for naturalizing of the gases. These liquids are almost some kind of water solutions, suspensions.
The water is always contains some chemical, contribution so-called reaction partners: because the gas can be transformed into other form, state it create new compound it need reaction medium and partner. Eg.: caustic potash (KOH), natrium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hidroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), magnesium hidroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ). The water solutions of these materials provide lye medium, and if it reacted with gas (eg: CO 2 ) ion and salt are formed
Eg.:Ca(OH) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 = 2HCaCO 3
Calcium hidroxide + water + carbon = to hydrated calcium-carbonate
I we make the CO 2 dessolved into clean (natural) water, carbonated water (H 2 COa) are formed, that means we still have so-called agressive gas, which is not stabil, it sublimates from the water. To set, stabilize the dioxid we have to make the water lye, eg.: some kind of alcalic metal, hi this case carbonate ion is formed from the agressive CO 2 gas or the carbonate. If we give calcium-hidroxid to the water, calcium-carbonate will be formed, which is already stabil shape for long term.
The problem of method is it need great measure of contribution. More ponctually the ratio orderly is about it need 1 1 NaOH for 1 1 CO 2 . It likes industrially that eg.: 1 million tones CO 2 leave from a smaller power station's stack per years, and for its neutralization we need about
1 million tones NaOH contriobution material. Certainly we have to take care of the formed new material (saltlike).
The solution as the new procedure is identical with noted in our example as much as it use water as reaction medium. The procedure is based on the water (H 2 O) aoutodissociation. The water is dissociated to its ions by electric power effect. (H 3 O + hidronium and OH " hidroxid ions). This is the water ionization, that means ont he effect of suitable eletric power and voltage ionizated water is formed. The water molecule are settled to its ions: acid hidrogen and lye feature hidroxid ion.
2H 2 O = H 3 O + + OH "
1 acid hidronium and 1 lye hidroxid ion are formed from = 2 water molecules
The ionization procedure is different from the known water electrolysis, that it uses other
(small) eletric power strength and voltage and because of it the water molecules are only resettled, while on the effect of electrolysis the outcome is gas formation. The water deranges to hidrogen and oxigen gases.
So the procedure essence as the innovation is the ionisated water, more punctually the lye feature hidroxid water. The ion concentration can be regulated with the measures of the water ionization, or selection of the ionizated molecules. It means the water containing acid and lye ions get to separating. In our case the used part is the water containing majority lye ions (OH "
). We use this high hidroxid (OH " ) ion concentrated water solution for the gas reduction. We increase the value of the ionizated water PH-chemical effect between 7 and 11.
We can increase the OH " ion concentration as well above 13 PH value with different practics, which is suitable for a very lye solution.
In case of adopting the solution as the innovation we can set, stabilize gases with the lye feature water produced by the introduced method or reduce to other compound. The gas reacts
(step in reaction) with the water ionizated by lye, and its effect is that more or less state transformation and chemic transformation occurs. Ion (which suit for plasm state) and natural salt (microscopic measure cristal) will be formed from the gas. Eg.: the dioxid gas (CO 2 ) is formed to carbonate ion (CO 3 2~ ) and/or hidrogen carbonate/ bicarbonate. (2HCO 3 " ).
The features of the hiroxid ion (OH " ) are: It is a natural material, it is formed continiously in the earth atmosphere, mostly close to the ozone layer by the ionizating effect of sunbeam. The scient name it as athmosphere ,,detegent" too. It steps in reaction at the moment of forming with the free roots permanently present in the atmosphere (eg.: nitrogen oxids, carbon decay materials) and render them harmless. Seas and oceans make the largest measure CO 2 occlusion and setting close to the surface of the Earth. The chemic effect of these waters are midly lye, it moves around about 8,5 PH, which also can be thank to the hidroxid ion (OH " ) and carbonate ion content. These waters occluse and store the 70% of the CO 2 content for decades. So the new method models a natural procedure, it tryes to follow something which has happened in the Earth enviroment in theorithically for millions of years.
The opportunities of the procedure:
It can be produced, utilize, where water is available, rivers, seas, oceans, rainwater, groundwater, tapwater (or steam being formed together with all flue gas - evaporated water). Water ionizating, hidroxid ion (OH " ) production need electric power, sunbattery, radiated energy, radiofrequency irradiation, which can be applied at place of consuming.
Application:
It can be applied practically everywhere, where CO 2 is formed, as we use so-called rearanged water molecule, which is natural material and natural material is formed after the gas reduction. There is not enviromental pollution, there is not byproduct. The forming carbonate, bicarbonate is component of of natural waters, the humanity consume it day by day. So the CO 2 reducated by ionizated, hidroxid water (OH " ) can be come out the enviroment, because it is naturefriend compund. Out of this the procedure is compatible with all those technology, where the outcome (flue gas) contains dioxide.
Solution number 3.
It is same as the solution number 1 and 2 with the difference that catalyst part (K) metal potassium and/or (NA) metal-natrium, which is understandable literally, because we make the cell walls and/or separating parts from metal-potassium or metal-natrium. Whereas in the reaction medium the potassium-hidroxid (KOH) water solution and the (NaOH) natrium- hidroxid water solution form the reaction medium.
WE do not need direct current and/or any kind of outside source of energy to reserve the process compered with the solution number 1 and 2, so the catalyst stays int he cell, and the water molecules ionizate. The metal catalyst plates as their solid state features can be fix in the cell space. Because o fit we are provided that the catalyst material stay int he cell and does not sublimate from the cell solution with the leaving gases. The process need for reaction can be reserved for long time.
The potassium is one of the most reactable alcalic metal. It can work on maximum 63C degreese temperature, because above it the metal is melt and losts its solid features. The melting point of the natrium is 98C degree, so it can be used on higher temperature, but its reaction ability is somewhat smaller than the potassium's. Dangerees:
- The potassium-metal and/or natrium-metal are extremely reactable. They are stabil in dry ixigen atmosphere, it forms oxid layer within seconds on its surface.
- On the surface of the metal hidroxid layer is formed on wet, steamy air.
- It burns up and burns with strong light touched water been thanks to the violant exotherm reaction and hidrogen gas forming.
- To avoid dangegerees (K) and (NA) have to be store under petroleum. Solution:
1. At first step we fill up the reactor cell with saturated potassium-hidroxid (KOH) and/or natrium-hidroxid (NaOH) solution.
2. We lift the potassium(K) and/or natrium (Na) from under the petroleum safe layer in steamy room and we spray them with natrium and/or potassium-hidroxid solution.
3. In circumstances determined int he point 2 we form the soft, cuttable, formable metal to the suitable shape.
4. We fit the final shape potassium (K) and natrium (Na) metal cell part s into the reactor cell and fix them.
Attached drawings: MF03