| US3617237A | 1971-11-02 | |||
| GB1263719A | 1972-02-16 | |||
| GB677077A | 1952-08-06 | |||
| JPS6349238A | 1988-03-02 |
| Claims 1. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers, which includes stages during which the components of a fertilizer are dispensed, crushed, mixed, granulated, dried, and packaged, characterised in that the method additionally comprises the following stages: - during the mixing stage, the fertilizer components are moistened by means of sprayers, and liquid components, including component fixatives, are added to the fertilizer components; - the fertilizer components are aerated during the mixing stage; - during the granulation stage, the fertilizer components are crushed, granulated, and solidified in granulators under a predetermined pressure; - during the mixing stage, granules of a predetermined size are screened in a rotary screen, and granules that do not match the predetermined size are routed back to the granulators; - the granules are rounded to predetermined dimensions in a granule rounding device, and any granules that do not match the dimensions are returned to the granulators. 2. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein 1-96% of phosphate flour by weight, 1-96% of magnesium oxide by weight, 1- 96% of magnesite by weight, 1-60% of bischofit by weight, 1-96% of potassium sulphate by weight, and other microelements, and 5-50 litres of water per ton are mixed for producing granulated organic fertilizers. 3. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein 1-95% of phosphate flour Ca (P04)2 by weight, 1-96% of magnesium oxide MgO by weight, 1-96% of magnesite MgCC>3 by weight, 1-60% of bischofit MgCl2x6H20 by weight, 1-60% of potassium sulphate K2S04 by weight, and other microelements, 1-60% of plant-growing peat by weight, and 5-50 litres of water per ton are mixed for producing granulated organic fertilizers. 4. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein an organic fertilizer with the following composition is obtained: - a phosphorus/potassium/magnesium fertilizer (40/30/30% by mass); - a potassium/magnesium fertilizer (50/50% by mass or 75/25% by mass or 70-30% by mass); - a magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer (30/70% by mass or 50/50% by mass or 50/75% by mass or 70-30% by mass). 5. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein 1-96% of ammonium nitrate AN by weight, 1-96% of monoammonium phosphate MAP by weight, 1-96% of diammonium phosphate DAP by weight, 1-96% of carbamide (urea) by weight, 1-96% of diammonium phosphate NPK by weight, 1-96% of sulphate monoammonium phosphate NP + S are mixed to produce a granulated mineral fertilizer. 6. A method for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer components are moistened by means of sprayers, and potassium chloride or potassium sulphate is used to fix the components; calcium is added according to the respective recipe. 7. A method for producing mineral and organic fertilizers according to claim 1, characterised in that the fertilizer granules are dried at 50-100 °C depending on the fertilizer components. 8. Equipment for the production of granulated mineral and organic fertilizers according to any of the methods as per claims 1-7, characterised in that the mixing machine (6) contains a total of four spirals: a) three rotating spirals with the same increment, and b) one spiral in the middle of the mixing machine. 9. Equipment according to claim 8, characterised in that the spiral (8) in the middle of the mixing machine (6) has an axial, straight part (9) in the centre of it, which has airholes (10) in it for aerating the fertilizer components. 10. Equipment according to claim 8, characterised in that the mixing machine (6) is in a slanted position; the angle between the central axis of the mixing machine and the horizontal level is preferably around 25-35 degrees. 11. Equipment according to claim 8, characterised in that the granulators (15) have a cartridge-type design; the cartridges are independent of each other and can be removed and replaced with new ones when necessary, e.g. when the granulator is not operational. 12. Equipment according to claim 8, characterised in that the granule rounding machine (20) consists of a cylinder, which preferably has three nets with a mesh size of 1-6 mm, the distance between the nets preferably 10 mm; airflows are created in the cylinder and directed from the front and rear part of the device so that an air vortex is created. 13. A fertilizer produced according to any of the methods as per claims 1-5, wherein the granulated organic fertilizer contains 1-95% of phosphate flour Ca (P04)2 by weight, 1- 96% of magnesium oxide MgO by weight, 1-96% of magnesite MgC03 by weight, 1-60% of bischofit MgCl2 x 6H20 by weight, 1-60% of potassium sulphate K2S04 by weight, other microelements, 1-60% of plant-growing peat by weight, and 5-50 litres of water per ton. 14. A fertilizer obtained according to any of the methods as per claims 1-5, wherein a granulated organic fertilizer with the following composition is produced: - a phosphorus/potassium/magnesium fertilizer (40/30/30% by mass); - a potassium/magnesium fertilizer (50/50% by mass or 75/25% by mass or 70/30% by mass); - a magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer (30/70% by mass or 50/50% by mass or 50/75% by mass or 70/30% by mass). 15. A fertilizer obtained according to any of the methods as per claims 1-5, wherein the granulated organic fertilizer contains up to 5% phosphorus and up to 7% potassium; the moisture content of the fertilizer is 0.7-1%, the granule diameter 2.0-4.5 mm. |
FERTILIZER
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and plant cultivation and relates to a technology for producing granulated mineral and organic fertilizers.
State of the art
EP1411036 discloses a method for obtaining nitrogenated granular fertilizers with a high microelement content. The invention also discloses fertilizers obtained thereby. The production of fertilizers is known from the state of the art, but it is forbidden to use nitrogen in present-day organic fertilizers, and the production of such fertilizers is not known from the state of the art.
The novelty of the invention: all kinds of mineral as well as organic fertilizers can be mixed and granulated by using this technology, thereby giving such fertilizers optimal agrotechnical and agrochemical properties, utilising different components without including any nitrogen.
Another weak point of the technologies for producing fertilizers known from the state of the art is the great energy intensity of these technologies.
Summary of the invention
The method according to this invention enables the production of granulated organic and mineral fertilizers without using nitrogen; such methods are currently not known to be provided by anyone else, and similar products are not manufactured.
Less thermal and electric energy is used with the method of this invention, and up to five times more energy is saved compared to other technologies and other factories engaged in the production of fertilizers. The device of the invention minimises the amount of manufacturing waste produced; it keeps the production ecologically clean; any air pollution is ruled out.
Minimal energy use is of key importance when it comes to the cost-effectiveness of producing granulated organic and traditional mineral fertilizers. Alternative sources of heat, such as solar energy, peat, wood in pelleted form, etc. can be used with the device of this invention. These are ecologically clean, safe, and also financially attractive sources of energy.
The technology allows the user to give organic as well as traditional mineral fertilizers optimal agrophysical and agrochemical properties so that such fertilizers can be used in all fertilizer spreaders; such fertilizers also maintain their optimal properties when mixed in soil, maximally satisfying the nutrient needs of plants.
The method of the invention includes the following stages:
- The raw material components of a fertilizer are transported from wagons and cars to a belt conveyor, which is used to feed the raw materials to dispensing devices.
- In the dispensing devices, the components are dispensed according to a predetermined recipe and depending on whether organic fertilizers of mineral fertilizers are produced.
- The dispensed and mixed components are carried to a grinder by means of a belt conveyor, where the components are ground. - The ground components are delivered to a mixing machine for mixing the raw materials.
- Liquid components, including component fixatives, are added to the fertilizer components in the mixing machine via a humidifier (in the form of a sprayer) and pump dispenser.
- The components in the mixing machine are aerated.
- The mix is transported to granulators by means of a belt conveyor, where the fed pressurised fertilizer mix is crushed, granulated, and solidified.
- The granules are transported to a rotary screen in which granules of predetermined dimensions are screened, and the remaining granules are guided back to the mixing machine by means of a belt conveyor.
- Granules of a predetermined size are transported to a granule rounding machine, where the granules are rounded to predetermined dimensions, and all granules that do not meet these dimensions are returned to the granulators or mixing machine by means of a belt conveyor. - The fertilizer raw materials are transported to a drier from the rounding machine, where the raw materials are dried at temperatures between 50 and 100 °C depending on the fertilizer components used.
- When dry, the granules are transported to a vibrating screen by means of a belt conveyor; granules of different diameters are screened, and any granules whose diameter differs from the predetermined diameter are returned by means of a belt conveyor.
- Granules of different predetermined diameters are transported to a packaging machine to be packaged as finished fertilizers.
Two types of fertilizers can be produced by using the method and device of the invention: organic fertilizers (option I) and mineral fertilizers (option II).
A device for producing organic and mineral fertilizers specifically designed for the method is used for the implementation of the method of the invention. The device consists of different parts that are preferably interconnected by means of a belt conveyor and are designed for implementing the stages of the method: raw material hoppers with dispensing scales, a raw material grinder, or mill, a mixing machine for mixing the raw material, a humidifier, a pump dispenser (feeder), granulators (18 units in a preferred embodiment), a rotary screen, a pellet rounding machine, a drying cylinder, a vibrating screen, a return conveyor, a packing machine.
List of drawings
The preferred embodiments of the method of the invention are described by referring to the attached figures. The figures depict the following:
FIG 1 is the preferred embodiment of the device required for the implementation of the method.
FIG 2 is the central spiral of the mixing machine. FIG 3 is the middle part of the central spiral of the mixing machine.
Example embodiment of the method and device of the invention
The raw material components of a fertilizer are loaded from wagons, cars or other means of transport onto a belt conveyor, which will transport the raw material to a raw material hopper that is equipped with dispensing scales; the components are dispensed from the hopper according to a suitable recipe. The recipes can be changed depending components used.
The production technology is designed for the production of two kinds of fertilizers
- production of granulated organic fertilizers (option I);
- production of mineral fertilizers (option II).
Two options for dispensing components
Granulated mineral and organic fertilizers are produced according to any recipe using the components listed in the table (phosphate flour/magnesium oxide, phosphate flour/magnesium oxide/potassium sulphate with different mass percentages + other microelements).
In the dispensing devices, the components are dosed according to a predetermined recipe and depending on whether organic fertilizers or mineral fertilizers are produced. The dispensed and mixed components are carried to a grinder by means of a belt conveyor, where the components are ground. The ground components are delivered to a mixing machine for mixing the raw materials. Liquid components, including component fixatives, are added to the fertilizer components in the mixing machine via a humidifier (in the form of a sprayer) and pump dispenser. The components in the mixing machine are also aerated. Potassium chloride (1-70%) or potassium sulphate (1-70%) is dissolved for mixing the components, and calcium (1-70%) is added according to the recipe. The mix is transported to granulators by means of a belt conveyor, where the pressurised fertilizer mix is crushed, granulated, and solidified. The granules are then transported to a rotary screen in which granules of predetermined dimensions are screened, and the remaining granules are guided back to the mixing machine by means of a return conveyor. Granules of a predetermined size are transported to a granule rounding machine from the rotary screen, where the granules are rounded to predetermined dimensions, and all granules that do not meet these dimensions are returned to the granulators or mixing machine by means of a return conveyor. The fertilizer raw materials are transported to a drier from the rounding machine, where the raw materials are dried at temperatures between 50 and 100 °C depending on the fertilizer components used. When dry, the granules are transported to a vibrating screen by means of a belt conveyor; granules of different diameters are sieved, and any granules whose diameter differs from the predetermined diameter are returned to the granulators or mixing machine by means of a belt conveyor. Granules of different predetermined diameters are transported to a packing machine from the screen, where the finished fertilizer is packed.
Formulas of fertilizers of the invention
A granulated organic fertilizer which contains the following amounts of phosphate flour Ca(P0 4 ) 2 , potassium sulphate (K 2 S0 4 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), plant-growing peat, magnesite MgC0 3 , bischofit MgCl 2 x 6H 2 0 (in mass percentages): phosphate flour Ca (P0 4 ) 2 : 1-95% potassium sulphate K 2 S0 4 : 1-60% magnesium oxide MgO: 1-96% plant-growing peat: 1-60% magnesite MgC0 3 : 1-96% bischofit MgCl 2 x 6H 2 0: 1-60% water H 2 0: 5-50 1
An organic fertilizer thus produced contains up to 5% phosphorus, up to 7% potassium, and additionally microelements (N/P 2 0s/K 2 0) 0/5/7. For example:
A phosphorus/potassium/magnesium fertilizer (40/30/30%) A potassium/magnesium fertilizer (50/50% or 75/25% or 70/30%) A magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer (30/70% or 50/50% or 50/75% or 70/30%) Values of granulated organic fertilizers
Description of the device of the invention
Raw materials that are unloaded from wagons, cars or other means of transport are moved to a production room for the production of granulated mineral and organic fertilizers. A belt conveyor 1 (see FIG 1) transports the raw materials to raw material hoppers 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and the raw materials are loaded into the respective raw material hoppers. The raw materials are intended for the production of granulated mineral and organic fertilizers, and the raw materials include, among other things, phosphate flour, potassium sulphate without chlorine, magnesium oxide, magnesite, sulphur, boron, calcium, iron, and other microelements. The components are dosed in accordance with a suitable recipe in the raw material hoppers, which are equipped with dispensing scales. The dosed components are transported to a grinder 4 along a belt conveyor 3, where the raw material components are crushed and ground. The crushed and ground components are moved to a raw material mixing machine 6, which contains four specifically shaped spirals, by means of a belt conveyor 5. Three of the spirals 7 have the same spiral increment. The three spirals all rotate at once. The mixing machine 6 is a container of stainless metal. The fourth spiral 8 (see FIG 2) is installed in the middle of the mixing machine 6. The centre part of the spiral 8 features an axial straight part 9 with airholes 10 (see FIG 3). The components in the mixing machine are aerated through the said airholes. The mixing machine 6 is in a slanted position; the angle between the central axis of the mixing machine and the horizontal level is preferably around 25-35 degrees. The diameters of the spirals 7 of the preferred embodiment of the invention are: Width - 150 mm
The holes - length: 100 mm, width: 70 mm, the gap between them is 50 mm
The length depends on the output capacity of the mixing machine.
The diameter of the spiral 8 in the centre:
Width - 200 mm The holes - length: 100 mm, width: 70 mm, the gap between them is 100 mm The length depends on the output capacity of the mixing machine.
A humidifier 11 (in the form of a sprayer) and a pump dispenser 12 are connected to the mixing machine 6. A pipe 13 is added to the humidifier 11 , and liquid components are added to the fertilizer components in the mixing machine by means of a pump dispenser 12. The pump dispenser 12 is constructed according to a special design, and special materials (stainless metal, polyurethane) have been used to construct the dispenser, as the working environment is aggressive due to the fertilizer components. The nozzles of the pump dispenser 12 moisturise all raw materials in the mixing machine. Belt conveyor 14 will transport the fertilizer mix into granulators 15, where the fertilizer mix is granulated and the granules are solidified. The granulators 15 are specific compactors, cartridge-type devices, which operate according to the principle of a press. They are used to crush, grind, and process the raw materials of the fertilizer mix. The granulators 15 (compactors) operate under a specific pressure. Owing to the cartridge-type construction, non-working granulators may be replaced without stopping the production of fertilizers. From the granulators 15, the granules are transported to a rotary screen 17 by means of a belt conveyor 16. The holes of the rotary screen are chosen so that granules whose diameter is 2.5-4.5 mm move forward from the rotary screen by means of a belt conveyor 18, but the remaining granules are guided to a return conveyor 19. The rotary screen is designed for separating granules by diameter. The rotary screen has two nets: one has openings of 6 x 6 mm in size, the other has openings of 10 x 10 mm. The granules are then transported to a granule rounding device 20 by means of the belt conveyor 18. The granule-rounding device 20 consists of a revolving cylinder with nets with a mesh size of 1-6 mm. The revolving cylinder of the granule -rounding device has three nets with a mesh size of 1-6 mm. The distance between the nets is 10 mm. The device has a special design - nets; airflow is directed from the front and rear of the device so that an air vortex is created, which results in proper (accurate) rounding of the granules. The rounding process is very precise thanks to the nets and directed airflow. Granules whose diameter is smaller than the predetermined diameter are transported to the return conveyor 19 from which they are moved back to the granulators 15. From the granule-rounding device 20, the granules are moved to a drier 22 by means of a belt conveyor 21. The drying process takes place at 50-100 °C depending of the type of the components. The drier 21 is a cylinder- type drier. The drying cylinder of the drier is designed to operate on different fuels. The drier may be of the heat boiler type (heated with different fuels) or of the combined heat/electric boiler type. Dried granules are transported to a vibrating screen 24 by means of a belt conveyor 23. The diameter of the granules is 2.0-4.5 mm (standard). The vibrating screen 24 is designed for sieving prepared granulated fertilizers to screen granules of the proper size. The vibrating screen is made up of the following parts: a vibratable frame, a sieve, a damper, a granule receiver with an airflow distributor. The vibrating screen 24 is made up of three nets with different meshes. The mesh sizes of the nets: 6 x 6 mm, 4 x 4 mm, 2 x 2 mm. This results in granules with a diameter of 2.0-4.5 mm. Granules of the appropriate size (2.0-4.5 mm) pass through the vibrating screen and are routed to a belt conveyor 25. Granules whose diameter is smaller than 2.0 mm are routed to the return conveyor 19. Finished products are received by a packaging machine 26, where the products are packaged according to the customer's wishes. The packaging machine is designed for packaging a wide selection of bulk and granulated goods. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the packaging machine consists of three lines where the finished products are packaged according to the customer's wishes.