MICROFICHE INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to microfiche information retrieval techniques, and is more particularly concerned with the provision and retrieval of digital information on a microfiche card, which information is to be retrieved for data processing purposes in, for example, a parts management and inventory control system or in an accounts management and checking system. Description of the Prior Art

It is well known in the art to provide control information on reel or cartridge or microfilm to identify frames along the length of the microfilm _* This information may be in the form of alphanumeric characters which are visually read on a trial and error basis until the desired frame is properly positioned for reading in a viewer. It is also well known in the .art to place control informa¬ tion along the edge of a strip of microfilm to be read by an optical scanner in order to place a desired frame within the viewing field of a viewer. It is also known in the art to mechanically ^* address and position a micro- fiche transport, on an x-*-y basis, in order to register a desired frame of information within the viewing field of a viewer; however, mechanical techniques are .expen¬ sive, and the expense increases with increased accuracy of registration, With respect to microfiche cards used in parts management and inventory control systems _f such as may be used in the retail, automotive and farm equipment indus¬ tries, or accounts, credit check, and signature card

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systems in the banking industry, a card is placed on an x-y transport, generally manually operated, and the desired frame is obtained, again by a trial and error method through repeated repositionings of the card until the desired frame appears on the viewer.

Heretofore, microfiche cards have been limited to providing, in conjunction with parts catalogues and the like, visually readable graphic illustrations and/or alphanumeric information, such as generally found in retail catalogue and parts ordering systems.

To generally sum up the state of the art, alpha¬ numeric and digital codes have been provided on .reel- type microfilm for visual or electronic observation, while microfiche cards have been provided with visual indicators to identify the position of a frame within a matrix of frames on a card.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a management system for parts and accounts information retrieval. A more specific object of the invention is to pro¬ vide a microfiche information retrieval system which utilizes a data base which is easily and inexpensively up-dated.

Another specific object of the invention is to provide a new and improved parts management and inven¬ tory control system.

Another specific object of the ^" invention ^' is to provide a new and improved bank and credit account information checking system. According to the invention,- two basic types of"cut microfiche, hereinafter simply called microfiche or microfiche cards, are provided as a data base. One type of microfiche card, called a "viewer microfiche",

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bears graphic information and digital information, the differences between such information being discussed below. In a parts management and inventory control system two types of viewer microfiche are provided: (1) A "parts" microfiche which bears graphic information concerning parts, such as an exploded view of a pump or the like, and parts identification and location information; and (2) A "master" microfiche which bears the manu¬ facture 's part numbers and related system locator numbers.

The second type of microfiche is a totally digital microfiche which bears machine readable codes. More specifically, in a parts management and inventory con¬ trol system (PMIC) the second type of microfiche is called a "price" microfiche and bears digital codes which indicate manufacturer's part number, locator number, current price and if the part is presently in stock.

The locator number may serve two purposes: (1) Identify the correct price microfiche and provide.an address for the information concerning the part being investigated; and (2) Provide a physical location of the part in the dealer's warehouse.

The PMIC system and related banking and retail catalogue systems are based upon a concept having the following features: CD Microfiche cards bear digital information which may be of several types and may be employed in conjunction with graphic information;

(2) The digital information on a microfiche card may be employed in conjunction with an optical scanner for locating a certain area on the card, which area may contain digital or graphic information; ^*

(3) The microfiche card, in conjunction with a scanner, locates a desired area to be scanned and adjusts the scanner or card transport, if necessary, with respect to skew so that the scanner and the information to be read are in accurate alignment; and

(4) Apparatus is provided for accurately locating a microfiche card with respect to a scanner, including structure for con- trolling operation of the scanner so as to detect positioning marks on the card which, after positioning, control the posi¬ tion of the card and/or scanner transport. A microfiche card generally includes a header and a body, The header usually bears some type of text which identifies the card and its general content, while the body of the card bears the information sought to be retrieved. As has been indicated above,, and as will be more fully appreciated from the detailed discussions below, the information to be retrieved may be graphic information or, according to the pre¬ sent invention, digital information.

More specifically, in a PMIC system, a master microfiche has a header comprising a sequential range. of manufacturer part numbers and the body of the micro¬ fiche comprises the individual part numbers and the

respective corresponding system locator numbers. The locator numbers may denote physical stock locations, as well as serve the primary function of identifying the corresponding price microfiche and addresses of the price microfiche inventory and price information.

A parts microfiche has a header which carries manufacturer model and part numbers, while the body bears graphic information concerning the parts, manu¬ facturer part number, general descriptions of the parts, and corresponding locator numbers.

The price microfiche bears a price microfiche number on the header, while manufacturer number informa¬ tion and current sale price are carried on the body portion of the microfiche. In banking and credit check applications, as will be understood from the detailed description below, a digital microfiche (corresponding to a PMIC price microfiche) may include account information in a ma¬ chine readable form only, and may be accessed by appropriate addressing, such as by bank or credit card account number, and provide an account check in complete privacy from all persons, including the clerk or teller, as the case may be, who is seeking such information. It should be noted that, as used herein, "digital information" is generally meant to identify marks, either opaque-on-clear or clear-on-opaque, while the term "graphic information" is generally meant to identi¬ fy all other forms of information including alpha- numeric information, drawings and the like. Also, contrasting colors may be used for digital and/or graphic information when such display is desired, such as for example in television applications.

In the context of a parts management and inven¬ tory control system, the present invention may advan¬ tageously be embodied in a system which comprises the aforementioned master, parts and price microfiche and apparatus for retrieving the information stored on such microfiche. In such a system, a viewer micro¬ fiche (master of parts) is positioned in a viewer, addressed and read to find a pertinent locator number which is assigned to a part being investigated. The locator number includes a price microfiche identifica¬ tion number ^* to identify the pertinent price microfiche. The price microfiche is selected and placed in a scanner, Then, the locator number is keyed into the system to cause the scanner to access the price inventory informa- tion concerning that particular part. Finally, upon command, the price and inventory information is dis¬ played by means of, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) display unit. If a sale or parts order is made, the system is provided with a printer for making a permanent record of the transaction and, in the case of an order, or a cancellation due to newly-received previously ordered parts, the transaction information is stored, at least on a temporary basis, for later communication to a central parts management computer. Such storage may advantageously be made with a mag¬ netic tape unit and communicate to the central computer by way of the commercial telephone network by utilizing either a modulator-demodulator (MODEM) unit or a coder- . decoder (CODEC) arrangement. All digital inter-unit and inter-network transmission may be accomplished with a specific digital code, such as the ASCII code.

A price microfiche, also called a "scanner" microfiche is intended to define a convenient, read¬ only, transportable, filable, data base constructed in standard microfiche form. ^" The microfiche may bear written, graphic, audio or other information. The scanner microfiche may carry the information in digital or analog form and can be read with a scanner, trans¬ formed electronically to any desirable form, and can be displayed or used in any desired manner, or can be read with a TV camera and processed as a standard TV picture of signals. When the scanner microfiche is employed to provide data for another machine, (such as ^* a computer) to accept and store, the entire micro¬ fiche may contain data only, an incremental encoding, as disclosed below, is not needed, except perhaps for initial alignment or periodic alignment purposes. A viewer microfiche is also a convenient, read-only, ^" transportable, filable, data base in standard micro¬ fiche form. The information content may be written, graphic, audio, or other information. In contrast to the scanner microfiche, however, it is intended that the viewer microfiche have the information to be retrieved by projection onto a viewing screen.

With respect to the scanner microfiche, by using CON techniques, the present invention utilizes the possibility of generating, "printing" and distributing digital information at less expense and at greater speed than heretofore known. A particular advantage of all the microfiche cards used in the present inven- tion is that information may be distributed, and up¬ dated, by mail, on an inexpensive basis, to provide a current inexpensive data base.

Other objects, features and advantages of the in¬ vention, its organization, construction and operation will be best understood from the following detailed descrip¬ tion, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, on which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic pictorial representation of a parts management and inventory control system con¬ structed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 1A is a fragmentary view of the digital dis- play of the apparatus of FIG. 1, shown in greater detail;

FIG. IB is a schematic representation of the scanner as applied to bank account and credit account status checking;

FIG. 1C is a schematic representation of a scanner as a part of a computer for programming the computer;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a master (viewer-type) microfiche;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a parts (viewer-type) microfiche;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a portion of a digitized scanner (price) microfiche which is illustrated in FIG. 5, the information illustrated thereon being hand- generated digital information; FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of another scanner (price) microfiche, similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5, on which the digital information is COM- generated information;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a system for aligning and reading a microfiche card of the type illustrated in FIGS. 4-6, with a scanner sensor;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a portion of a viewer microfiche card which has alignment and locating tracks in the grid between the viewable information frames;

FIGS. 9-11 illustrate scanning, alignment and frame-finding techniques which may be employed in con¬ junction with the viewer microfiche card of FIG. 8, including proper tracking, frame centering and frame cornering;

FIG. 12 illustrates the use of auxiliary codes on a viewer microfiche card;

FIG. 13 illustrates the use of redundant auxiliary codes on a viewer microfiche card; and

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a system for transporting and accurately positioning a viewer microfiche card for subsequent viewing, and for con¬ trolling and reading a scanner (price) microfiche.

Inasmuch as a plurality of different aspects of the invention are discussed below for accurately aligning and reading microfiche cards, these techniques will be discussed separately in accordance with the following outline:

I. GENERAL SYSTEMS CONCEPTS

A. PMIC Systems Concepts

B. Banking and Credit Check Systems Concepts II . SCANNER MICROFICHE

A. Control Data and Output Data

B. Reading Scanner Microfiche III. VIEWER MICROFICHE

A. Tracking B. Stop At Frame Center

C. Stop At Frame Corner

D. Auxiliary Codes

E. Reading Viewer Microfiche

F. Exemplary Program

IV. COMBINED DIGITIZED AND VIEWER MICROFICHE 5 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

A. Parts Management and Inventory Control Example

V. SINGLE MICROFICHE CONTROL SYSTEMS

A. Banking and Credit Check Examples 10 B. TV Applications

C. Computer Program

I. GENERAL SYSTEMS CONCEPTS

A. PMIC Systems Concepts

The PMIC system was designed with an overall view of improving product or parts management and inventory control. More specifically, the PMIC system services seven areas which are critical to efficient parts management and inventory control, namely:

(1) parts are identified;

(2) prices are found rapidly; (3) parts are retrieved quickly from stock with bin numbers provided by the system; (4) records are made of the day's transactions; (.5) parts are ordered from a central location, preferably via a central computer; (6) orders are fulfilled; and

* ^' (7) critical information such as availability, substitution and price change are kept up-to-date. The importance of each of these areas becomes readily apparent when one considers the fact that a customer must be quickly serviced, the dealer must have complete records of his sales, orders and inventory, as well as up-to-date price and substitution information, and the central warehouse must be provided, not only with orders, but also with the fact that orders have been received and should not be carried as back-ordered parts.

B. Banking and Credit Check Systems Concepts

A customer's account may be checked, upon the presentation of a personal check or credit card, for example, by utilizing the account number .to address a

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digitized scanner microfiche. The information read from the fiche may readily be converted into alpha¬ numeric account identification and account status information and displayed on a LED unit, with complete privacy as to the name of the customer. In this manner, rapid credit checks can be made through the simple use of digitized microfiche cards, and a scanner which has an input keyboard and an output display unit. It is also possible to place bank account signature cards on viewer microfiche and key in the customer's account number so as to compare an endorsement on a withdrawal slip, for example, with the signature of the customer as seen on the. viewer.

Information as to the scanner microfiche, the viewer microfiche and information relating to proper alignment, addressing and tracking, is provided im¬ mediately below so as to aid in understanding the present invention, the discussion of which will follow in connection with FIGS. 1, 1A, 2 and 3, with a reversion to FIGS. 7 and 14.

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II. SCANNER MICROFICHE Before continuing with a discussion of viewer- type microfiche, and because an operating program immediately follows the discussion of the viewer micro- fiche, attention is directed to FIGS. 4-7 which illustrate various techniques of manually-generated and COM- generated data, and techniques for ensuring align¬ ment between the data to be retrieved and a sensor. A. Control Data and Output Data Referring first to FIGS. 4 and 5, a microfiche card 50 is generally illustrated in FIG. 5 as comprising a body 52 composed of a plurality of information storage areas 54, and a header 56.

In the associated scanner apparatus, discussed in greater detail below, a linear photosensor is oriented transversely to the long dimension of the microfiche.

In apparatus which has been constructed, the sensor is placed in direct contact with the microfiche card. However, an optical system may be employed to project the microfiche images on a sensor. The use of an optical system is determined by the particular application.

The sensor may comprise a single continuous line of photocells fabricated as a single unit that spans the entire width dimension, 105mm for example, of the microfiche card, or the sensor can be constructed of any number of segments, each segment containing ^' a number of photocells, with the segments fabricated as a single unit that spans the entire 105mm dimension of the microfiche card. The sensor can also be con¬ structed of a single segment, or a number of segments, that span less than a full width of the microfiche

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card, or a matrix of cells which can sense a block of data, or a linear sensor in combination with a TV camera.

The light source that activates the sensor is located on the same side of a microcard as the sensor, wLsreas in microfiche applications the microfiche is located between the source and the sensor.

The entire sensor is moved left-to-right or right- to-left in the long direction of the microfiche. This is, of course, relative motion and in actual practice either the sensor or the card may be the moving element. As will be discussed below, logic circuits control the rate and mode of movement of the sensor.

As will be greatly appreciated by those skilled in the art, the sensor (or the transport) is mounted with a pivot, located at the upper end in the case of the sensor, and a device to move the bottom end of the sen¬ sor either left or right is provided to bring the sensor in complete alignment with a single vertical line of data that is to be read. The drives discussed herein with reference to block diagrams may advantageously with worm gear mechanisms and may utilize, for example, 2 DC servo-motor manufactured by Transcoil, Inc., Part Number K-21-5540-3-2-6-3.

Referring to FIG, 4, a schematic illustration of a storage area 54 illustrates manually-generated Information. Inasmuch as this sample was manually generated, continuous bars have been employed in portions of the coding. The same microfiche card can be generated by COM techniques, in which case the bars would not necessarily be continuous.

The example of a scanner microfiche card illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 contains all digital data and is not typical in the sense that all frames are identical and widely spaced. In a practical scanner microfiche card of this type, centering marks, incremental encoding and start of data codes would be placed only at the top row of frames, and the end of data and bottom sensor align¬ ment codes would be placed only at the bottom row of_ frames, these codes being shown in FIG. 4 on both sides of the area 54 to aid in understanding the invention. In a microfiche card of this type, there would be very little unused space.

Referring to the storage area 54 illustrated in FIG. 4, the data which is to be retrieved from the microfiche card are provided as opaque-on-clear or clear-on-opaque marks, here opaque-on-clear marks, in the form of rows of data 58 which are aligned trans¬ versely of the microfiche card. Again, contrasting colors can be used.

The card bears a plurality of centering marks 60, each of which is aligned with a respective data row 58. The microfiche card also carries incremental and coding data 62, a start of data code 64, the data field 66, and end of data code 68 and bottom sensor alignment codes 70.

With the exception that the end of data code 68 and the bottom sensor alignment codes 70 are actually pro¬ vided physically displaced on the codes 60, 62 and 64 on a card, the card is laid out in a plurality of elongate data rows 0—80. It is the incremental encoding 62, however, which identifies and forms the addresses of the data rows 58.

Referring to FIG. 5, a storage area 54* is illustrated. This storage area is quite similar to that of FIG. 4, with the exception that the data field, generally indicated at 78, is COM-generated data. This data may also be manually ^' generated. In addition, with this type of microfiche card, al*^ though the same may be employed in the same manner as that of FIG. 4, may be employed as a programming tool in which the data 78 is to be fed step-by-step into another machine, such as a microprocessor, com¬ puter or the like. In this case, since it is not necessary to access a particular row, the encoding and alignment codes may be provided to ensure align¬ ment at the first data row, such as indicated at 74 and at some other or periodic point or points, such as illustrated at 76. The use of the encoding and alignment marks will be best understood from the follow¬ ing detailed description of reading a scanner micro¬ fiche card. B. Reading Scanner Microfiche

When certain information is selected for re¬ trieval, the logic circuits of the scanner apparatus cause the sensor ^" to move across the microfiche card toward the selected data" and the logic circuit remember the position of the sensor at all times.

The sensor first moves to the transverse column of frames within which the selected line of data is to be found ^" . After locating the proper column of frames, the sensor advances until it detects the incremental code within that frame defines the address.of the selected data. The sensor then moves ahead until it detects the

centering mark for that selected incremental code. The centering mark ensures that at least the top of the sensor will be in alignment with the codes at the selected address. The logic circuits now compare bits 5—8 of the incremental code in the top longitudinal rows to bits 77-80 in the bottom longitudinal rows. If these bits do not correspond, bit-for-bit, the sensor is rotated in the proper direction, as determined by the logic circuits that compare the bits, to achieve alignment with the entire selected transverse data row 58.

When the ^" bits 5—8 correspond, bit-for-bit, with the bits 77-80, the sensor has achieved alignment with the selected transverse data row. As previously men- tioned, the sensor is pivotally mounted; however, in the alternative the transport may be pivotally mounted.

The sensor is now operated to scan the data trans¬ versely of the row aligned therewith and makes use of the information codes that are between the start of data code and the end of data code. Any portion of the data be¬ tween the start of data code and the end of data code may be used, or ignored, as controlled by the logic circuits.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a more detailed dis--*- cussion of access and alignment will be given for the scanner microfiche card. In FIG. 7 a keyboard 82 is provided forthe user to enter a desired address' and an activating order. The keyboard may be a scanned type arrangement as is common in the art, or may be con— structed using, for example, a MOSTEK MK 50311 N four function calculator circuit, the necessary additional

switches (PRICE, etc.) and a keyboard integrated circuit such as the S 9262 touch control interface manufactured by American Microsystems, Inc. The address is fed to and held in an entry register 84 and the activating order is fed to a lock 86 for sequence control. The clock 86 is also connected to other elements than illustrated iii the drawing, which connections have been omitted for the purpose of clarity, the same being understood to those skilled in the art. After an address has been entered and an activating order given, a column counter 104 and a comparator re¬ gister 88 determine which direction to drive the sensor to the selected column.

After the sensor has found the selected column, the sensor steps ahead until the incremental code it reads compares bit-for-bit with the selected address, then the sensor is stepped ahead in smaller increments until the centering mark of the desired column is detected. The sensor then stops. It should be noted that the sensor 98 may count any one of the bars, such as the bar 72 to determine the proper frame, and the remainder of the marks of the code, for example, the longitudinal bars in rows 1—8 may be counted to determine the proper transverse row 58. The incremental code and the sensor alignment code, both being identical, are compared in the comparator re¬ gister 88 and the sensor 98 is pivotally adjusted, as indicated at 100, so that the codes compare bit-for-bit. The entire vertical line of data, that is a data row 58, is now scanned and abstracted or used by the data processing circuits 96 for output to circuits which are to utilize the digital information.

The column counter 104 keeps track of the column in which the sensor Is positioned. The increment counter selects the address out of the scanned data, and the sensor alignment register selects sensor align- ment codes from the scanned data to control positioning of the sensor. The sensor position drive and the sensor alignment drive area elements which are well known in the art.

The entire circuit outlined in the broken line may be configured from a microprocessor of the type Motorola

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MC 6800 P or the Intel 808Q series, while the sensor re¬ gister 102 may be formed of any standard weil known re¬ gister and the sensor 98 may be constructed from a well known device, such as the Fairchild CCD 17280. As al- ready mentioned, the keyboard 82 and the entry register 84 are also devices which are well known to those skilled in the art.

It should be noted that the comparator register includes a portion identified ROM or RAM, for a read only memory (ROM! or a random access memory. (RAM) . This is because the microprocessor may include a ROM in which the program is "wired" in. With the aforementioned Motorola device, however, we selected a RAM and it is necessary to feed in a program when the power to the unit is turned on. As will be evident from the discussion below with respect to the viewer microfiche and the program for read¬ ing the viewer microfiche, programming of a RAM n a microprocessor or a "wired-in" program for a ROM is well within the skill of those versed in this art.

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III. VIEWER MICROFICHE CARD

The viewer microfiche card is generally illustrated at 110 in FIG. 8 as comprising a plurality of frames 112 formed in a matrix and having spaces between the frames which are scanned by a sensor 114 which is positioned, for example at 45° with respect to the directions of movement of the microfiche card. In the spaces between, the frames 112 a plurality of tracking lines 116, 118, 120 are provided in the longi- tudinal direction of the card and a plurality of track¬ ing lines 122, 124 and 126 are provided in the trans¬ verse direction of the microfiche card.

The tracking and code system described herein is one selected for certain of our test purposes, and re- presents only one of many configurations this scheme can take while still providing the necessary tracking and coding functions.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the tracking lines 116—- 126 are not in the viewing areas and are placed on the microfiche card in precise positions relative to the graphic information within the viewing areas 112.

When this microfiche card 11Q is employed in a viewer, the lines are projected on the sensor 114 out of the viewing area. The sensor 114 may be constructed of approximately 40_ individual photocells and is used to detect the lines and other data. The sensor 114, as mentioned above, is positioned at 45° to the tracking lines to allow a single sensor to detect both vertical and horizontal tracking lines, although two sensors at right angles to the tracking lines could be utilized to perform as well.

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The tracking lines may be either clear lines with a black background, or vice-versa. We have planned to use clear lines with a black background; however, the system will work either way. A. Tracking

Referring to FIG. 9, when the sensor is positioned with respect to the tracking lines 116, 118, 120, as illustrated at 114, all three tracks are sensed, and the microfiche card is in the correct vertical "tracking" position for accessing or viewing. If the sensor is in the position illustrated at 114', however, the pattern of photocells sensing the tracks allows the logic circuits to determine the direction the microfiche must be moved to bring the sensor back to the relative position of that illustrated at 114. In the alternative, if the sensor is in the position illustrated at 114' , the pattern of sensing photocells will allow the logic cir¬ cuits to determine that the microfiche card must be moved vertically in a direction opposite to that to correct for the position 114*.

With the 45° orientation of the sensor 114, or two sensors oriented at 90°, the tracking scheme permits the vertical tracking, lines 122, 124 and 126 to be followed in the same manner. The tracking technique amounts to a dynamic, or feed-back, registration system.

The sensor 114 and tracking line position can also be used to provide proportional control. That is, any misalignment, greater than a single cell of the sensor, with respect to the tracking lines, will produce an error signal that can be used to correct the microfiche card position.

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B. Stop at Frame Center

Referring to FIG. 10, the tracking lines des--- cribed above allow for moving the microfiche card in a. precise matrix or grid pattern in order to automatically 5 access single or partial frames from a microfiche card. In order to stop at the proper location to allow a frame to be viewed, a frame center code, for example the code marks 124, 126 and 128 is placed between two of the tracking lines, for example the tracking lines 118 0 and 120, while a frame center bar is placed between both the top and middle, and the middle and bottom tracking lines, that is between the tracking lines 116 and 118, and between the tracking lines 118 and 120, here illus¬ trated in the form of two marks 130 arid 132. In FIG. 10 5 the reference 114 diagrammatically illustrates the center line of the sensor, while the line 122 diagrammatically illustrates the center line of the frame. With this cod¬ ing, there are two channels, Channel A and Channel B pro¬ vided in which the frame center code is located in Q Channel B and the frame center bar is located in Channels A and B. The frame center code corresponds to the addres of the frame in the horizontal direction.

The microfiche card is moved in a direction such that the relative motion of the sensor is left-to-bright 5 in FIG. 1Q. As the sensor 114 passes over the frame cen¬ ter code marks 124, 126, 128, the sensor detects the three bits of the frame center code, which the logic cir¬ cuits interpret to mean that the microfiche is to stop when the sensor detects the bit between the upper track- ύ ing line 116 and the middle tracking 118, that is in

Channel A and the bit between the middle tracking line 11 and the bottom tracking line 120, which is in Channel B.

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C. Stop at Frame Corner

Referring to FIG. 11, a corner of a frame may be detected in a manner similar to that discussed above with respect to FIG. 9. The tracking lines 116, 118, 120 and the tracking lines 122, 124, 126 generally come together at the corner of each frame. Therefore, in the longitudi¬ nal direction there is still a Channel A and a Channel B, while in the transverse direction there is a Channel AV and a Channel BV. A' plurality of frame corner code mark- ings 136, 138 are provided in the Channel B and a. plural¬ ity of frame corner code markings 140, 142 are provided in the Channel BV, while a frame corner bar is provided in Channel A and Channel B, as illustrated at 144, 146. In FIG. 11, the sensor, again symbolically illustrated at 114, detects the two frame corner codes 136, 138 as it passes thereover. The logic circuits then cause the transport to stop the motion when the frame corner bar 144, 146 is detected.

If downward vertical (.transverse) motion is re- quired after reaching a frame corner bar, the sensor 114 would be inhibited for a specific time and move downward. The time of inhibition is selected such that at the rate

• _* * of motion utilized, the sensor would stand across all three vertical tracking lines before becoming active again. After becoming active, the sensor will "track" - the vertical lines to its next point of action.

The logic program may ignore frame center ¹ codes and/or frame corner codes and/or any other codes ^' that it may detect during travel along the tracking lines, until a selected point is reached. The distance between the points is measured, for example, by the rate of transport and by the time of transport.

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D. Auxiliary Codes

Referring to FIG. 12, codes other than frame center codes, frame corner codes and frame corner and center bars may be placed within any of the tracking lines in Channel A and/or Channel B. For example, in FIG. 12, Channel A includes a code which is provided by the marks 148, 150, 152, 154 and 156, while in Channel B a code is provided with the marks 158, 160, 162, 164 and 166. These codes may be used for an infinite number of purposes, such as frame numbering, frame content designation, branch designation, sound track selection (when used with a complementary audio component) , access address to a scanner, and so on. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the codes may be placed in either one or both of the channels. For extreme reliability requirements, redundant codes may be utilized, as illustrated in FIG. 12. It will be noted that in Channel A there is a code provided by the markings 168', 170', 172* and 174'. which is redundant with the code provided by the markings 168, 170, 172 and 174 in Channel B. For added reliability, a parity scheme will be used in addition to redundancy.

Although it has not been mentioned above, it should be readily apparent that all codes, including frame center codes and frame corner codes may take on an infinite variety of forms.

E. Reading Viewer Microfiche Card

Referring to FIG. 14, a system and a method for positioning a viewer microfiche card for reading is illustrated in which the apparatus comprises a keyboard 176 and an entry register 180 which are the same as similar elements illustrated in FIG. 7. The user keys

in a desired address and an activation order, the address being deposited in the entry register 180 and the activation order being forwarded to the block 178 for sequence control. Again, the clock is illus- trated as being connected only to certain components, while clock connections to other components have been omitted for purpose of simplicity.

After activating, the row register 194, via the comparator register 182, determines the vertical and horizontal direction in which the microfiche must be moved in order to bring the selected frame into the viewing position. The microfiche moves either verti¬ cally or horizontally, never diagonally in this system. The tracking comparator 192 is fed by the sensor 188 by way of the sensor register 190 and compares the track position with a standard track position and con¬ trols the horizontal and vertical microfiche drives 186 and 184, respectively, to maintain tracking as discussed above so that the sensor extends over all three tracking lines in the particular direction which the microfiche is being driven.

The sensor register provides an output 198 as the data output, which output may have interposed therein an auxiliary code register 200 which reads the auxiliary codes, such as are illustrated in FIGS. 11 and/or 12.

The sensor 188 may be a 4_0_ or 6_0_ element, sensor of the type discussed above. The vertical and hori¬ zontal drives 184 and 186, as well as the keyboard 176 and 180 are well known to those skilled inthe art,

while the elements bounded by the broken line may be a conventional microprocessor, such as the Intel 8080A or the Motorola MC6800P. As with the apparatus of FIG. 7, the comparator register 182 includes a ROM or a RAM section for storing the program. In a parti¬ cular device constructed and utilized we have employed the Motorola MC6800P microprocessor with, a RAM section so that it was necessary to feed in the program each time the system was energized. F. Exemplary Program

The following is an exemplary program for.accurate ly positioning a viewer microfiche, or more importantly a desired portion of a viewer microfiche, with respect to a viewer. It should be understood by those versed in this art that a similar program, although a simpler program, may be employed, in connection with the apparatus of FIG. 7 for accurate alignment of a data row 58 (FIGS. 4-6) in that the scanner microfiche is generally only operated by movement of the sensor (or transport) in a single direction, in addition to correction of skew by the pivoting of the sensor or the transport, and in connection with the additional apparatus of FIG. 14 which relates to reading with the scanner.

"B

SYSTEM MONITOR

21D BD MONITR: JSR Set up peripherals for first

00 move

CO Move to upper left corner

220 86 HOME: LDAA #$3C Select vertimotor up (Horiz.

3C motor already selected left)

222 B7 STAA PIACRB

80

07

225 86 LDAA #$FF Both motors full speed ahead

FF

227 87 STAA PIAORB

80

06

22A 20 GO: BRA GO Wait here while user resets

FE and engages micro -switches at end of move

22C BD JSR INIT Reinitiate PIA 's after manual

00 reset

00

22F 86 STRHrSN: LDAA #$04 Routine to move to frame 01

02 start position at left end of horizontal guidebar

JU EA

OMPI

231 BD JSR BA HOM

05

234 20 BRA INITFRAME Initiate frame pointer to 01

37

ROUTINE TO SCAN DATA OF ARRAY FOR POSITION AND SIZE OF ALL VALID FEATURES

- - •

246 BD SCAN: JSR SRCH Get first feature

00

IE

249 CE . LDX #$00 Initialize feature ar

00

00

24C DF STX CODEPTR Save it

F3

24E 96 NEXFEAT: LDAA LITCNT Feature there? F2

250 2F BEQ END No --end of scan 17

252 D6 LDAB CODEPTR+l Check for more than features,

F4 to protect program from being written over

254 Cl CMPB #$08

08

256 2E BGT END If more than five, out of

11 focus— Go to re-read program

258 A7 STAA CODETABL-H.X Yes— Store its size in array,

F7 then store its position

25A 96 LDAA FEATSTRT

Fl

25C A7 STAA CODETABL.X

F6

25E 08 INX Update pointer for next feature

25F 08 INX

260 DF STX CODEPTR Save it again

F3

262 BD JSR XTRACT Extract next feature

01

00

265 DE LDX CODEPTR Retrieve pointer

F3

267 20 BRA NEXFEAT •-Go again

E5

269 39 END: RTS

26A 00

00

00

26D 86 . INΓΓFRAME:

01

26F 97 S STTAAA PRESFRAME Present frame=0l

E2

User sets breakpoint to key in desired next frame

271 BD ROUTE: JSR NINES Routine to calc, route to next 02 frame— first convert next C5 frame input to row and column format

274 96 LDAA NEXFRAME To complete final hor, motion El use col. number of next frame (lower half -byte) to index a table indicating closest vert.

276 84 ANDA #$0F bar to final row number

OF

278 B7 STAA HERE

02

7F

27B CE LDX ROUTEABL x contains base address

02 of table

BB

27E E6 LDAB 0,X Load address of vertical

00 HERE: bar into ACCB

280 D7 STAB HORZ Final hor. motion completed

A9 as (NEXFRAME - Vertical

Hor Bar Address

1 t

ACCA ACCB

282 90 SUBA HORZ

A9

284 97 STAA HORZ Result is neg. for motion

A9 to left, pos. for right

286 96 LDAA PRESFRAME Calc, first hor. motion

E2 (present frame vert, bar)

288 84 ANDA #$OF

OF

28A 97 STAA HORl As (Vert, bar PRESFRAME

A7 address hor. ACCB ACCA

28C DO SUBB HORl

A7

290 OO 00 OO 00

294 96 LDAA PRESFRAME Next, fetch row number of E2 present frame into lower half -byte of ACCA with zeros in upper half -byte

296 48 ASLA

297 48 ROLA

298 49 ROLA

299 49 ROLA

29A 49 ROLA

29B D6 L LDDAABB NEXFRAME And same for row number

El of next frame in ACCB

29D 58 ASLB

29E 59 ROLB

29F 59 ROLB

2A059 ROLB

2A1 59 ROLB

φ,

A284 ANDA #$OF Mask out upper hal -bytes

OF

A4C4 ANDB #$OF

OF

A6D7 STAB VERT Vert, motion computed as

A8 (PRESFRAME - NEXFRAM

A890 SUBA VERT

A8

AA97 STAA VERT POS.=UP EG.=DOWN

A8

AC26 BNE DONE Any vertical motion

09 required?

AE96 NOVERT: LDAA HORl No --Combine HORl, HORZ

A7 into single horizontal motion and store in HORl

B09B ADDA HORZ

A9

B297 STA -HORl

A7

^" UREA

O PI

B4 7F CLR HORZ No need for HORZ

00

A9

B7 7E DONE: JMP NEXM( ready to start move to

03 next frame

08 ^'

BB ROUTETABLES Gives frame address of vertical route to be taken for destination frame whose column number is:

I - BC OL i 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8

C4 09

Routine to convert between decimal and row -column format for frame numbers

C5 96 NINES: LDAA NEXFRAME ACCA gets converted El

X7 81 CMPA #$19 Is ACCA in row 1 or row 2?

19

209 2D BLT I or 2 Yes—Branch around

03

2CB 7E JMP PATCH 6 No --Continue checking

01

El .

2CE 81 1 or 2: CMPA #$10 No --is ACCA in row I

10

2D02C BGE .+3 No --Branch around

03

2D2 7E JMP LAST Yes — Nα conversion required

05

E7

2D5 C6 .-43: LDAB #$01 ACCB=Conversion amount

01 =+1 for row 2

2D7 7D DECIDE: TST CONVRT Which direction is OO conversion desired? A5

2DA 7E JMP PATCH 9 Go find out 05 D3

01E1 81 PATCH 6: CMPA #$30 Is ACCA In bottom row?

30

IE3 2E BGT BOTTOM Yes— Branch around

05

IE5 C6 • IDAB #$02 Convert by adding ± 2

02 for row 3

1E7 7E JMP^DECIDE Go decide on conversion

02 desired

D7

IEA C6 " BOTTOM: LDAB #$ -30 For bottom row, subtact

DO * + 30 to convert

1EC 7E JMP DECIDE --Go do it

02

D7

5D3 27 PATCH 9: CONVERT If decimal to row/col.

06 desired, do addition

5D5 50 NEGB If row/col. dec. desired, do subtraction

5D6 81 CMPA #$19 If, row 1, col. 9, then special

19 case— only subtract I instead of 2

D8 26 BNE CONVERT

01

DA 4C INCA Add I to compensate

DB .IB CONVERT: ABA Preform conversion here (add ACCB to ACCA)

DC 7E JMP PATCH 10 Check for special decimal

03 conversions of 19 -♦•21 or 2l→l9

DF 7D STORE: TST CONVERT Should result be stored in ^*

JQO NEXFRAME? (convrt=0)

A5

E2 26 BNE LAST No- -Branch around

03

E4 97 STAA NEXFRAME Yes -Store it

El

E6 00

E7 7F LAST: CLR CONVRT --Auto clear flag (conversion 00 is decimal — _»row/col. by A5 default)

EA 39 RTS --All done

AO C6 PATCH10: LDAB #$06 Load decimal adjust term 06

A2 81 CMPA #$1B Does conversion result equal

IB ; IB (19+2)?

A4 27 BEQ ADD Yes --ADD decimal term,

05 next

A6 50 . NEGB No— Negate decimal term for next test

A7 81 CMPA #$IF Does conversion resuit=lF

IF (21-2)?

A9 26 BNE BACK No — don't adjust

01 ^*

AB IB ADD: ABA ^' Yes— add decimal term

AC 7E BACK: JMP STORE Now go decide whether to

05 store conversion result

.I3F

Subroutine to search and lock onto a hor. guidebar

EO 96 FINDBAR:LDAA MINBAR

DB

E2 97 STAA BARTTME Load converter with min. BO time to establish a valid bar

/"

E4 D6. REFIND: LDAB OUTVIEW Which direction is search AC desired? (outvie w=0 for up,

1 for down)

E6 27 BEQ FA LEFT

04

E8 86 LDAA #$34 Down --Select vertical DIA

34 down

EA 20 BRA .+2

02

EC 86 ^* LDAA #$30 Select ed. vertical

3C search speed

FO B7 STA PIACRB

80

07

F3 F7 STAB PIAORB Start motor

80

06

F6 80 LOOK: JSR SRCH Scan present input data

00 for guidebar

IE

F9 96 LDAA LITCNT If found, LITCNT will

F2 be 0

-i.0-

2FB 27 BEQ FINDBAR If not, reset bartime E3 and try again

2FD 7A DEC BARTIME When found, advance timer

300 96 LDAA BARTIME Min. Time expired?

BO .

302 26 . BNE LOOK No --keep timing

F2

304 7F CLR PIAORB Yes— bar found stop

80 motor

06 "

30F 39 RTS Return to caller

PERFORMS NEXT HOR. MOVE:

320 96 HORIZONTAL: LDAA HOR I What kind of move is required?

A7

322 27 BEQ HALT None— up date frame pointers

4B and to back for user input

324 2B BMI LEFTMOVE Left -branch here

0A

326 86 LDAA #$3C Right- -Select direction

3C =right

DETERMINES NEXT MOVE

308 BD NEXMOVE: JSR HORIZONTAL Do first hor. move

03

20

SOB 96 LDAA VERT Any vert, motion required?

A8

SOD 27 BEQ DEST No --at destination, update

OA frame pointer

30F BD JSR VERT Yes --do vert, move

03

BO

312 96 LDAA HORZ Prepare for further hor.

A9 move if necessary

314 97 STAA HORl

A7

316 BD JSR HORIZONTAL Then do it

03

20

319 96 DEST: LDAA NEXFRAME

El

31B 97 STAA PRESFRAME New source in old destination

E2

'BU EA

OMPI fr^ WIPO

31D 7E JMP CODES Go read codes at destination

05

23

328 7C INC HORl Add in a dummy move so

00 initially finding guidebar is

A7 not counted as a frame when moving right.

32B 97 STAA HORDIR Store direction data

DA

32D 7E . JMP IGNR Jump away from codes to

01 find guidebar

BD

330 86 LEFTMOVE: LDAA #$34 Store DIRECTION=LEFT

34 (No dummy move required siπo initially guidebar is advancing to next frame when moving left

332 97 STAA HORDIR Store direction

DA

334 20 BRA PREPULS Determine whether long or

20 short pulse is necessary, then do it

336 86 IGNORE I: LDAA #$FF Routine to pulse through

FF intermediate codes:

338 97 STAA PULSTTM Use max. pulse width

F5

33A 96 LDAA HORDIR Select proper direction

DA

33C C6 LDAB #$08 Select med. hor. speed

08

33E BD JSR PULSE Do the pulse

01

FO

341 39 RTS .Back to caller

0342 BD REGET: JSR REGISTER ;Now refind guidebar for next

03 frame

344 70

347 96 LDAA HORl Update frame counter

A7

349 2B BMI INCR In which direction?

03

34B 4A DECR: DECA — Down if positive

34C 20 BRA .+1 01

34E 4C INCR: INCA --Up if negative

^" BURE

___OMPl

^>r _r ^W 'PO

^{^}

34F 97 STAA HORl Store it

A7

351 27 BEQ STOP All done if count is zero

15

353 BD JSR CENTER Now guide along bar to move

00 along next frame

53

368 86 STOP: LDAA #$34 Select direction=left

34

36A 97 STAA HORDIR

DA

36C BD JSR CENTER Guide left along bar to have

00 position at left edge

53

36F 39 HALT: RTS Return to monitor for next move

356 96 PREPULS: LDAA NEXFRAME ;Start calc. trigger El _. Frame for long code ignore pulse

358 D6 LDAB HORDIR J Which direction are we going? DA

35 C1 CMPB #$34 ;If left, HORDIR=34

34

35C 27 BEQ .+l ;If left, trigger frame =

01 present frame (Do not increment to next frame)

35E 4C INCA ;If right, trigger frame next frame

35F 90 .+1: SUBA HORl ^• Calc. present horizontal Al . ^• position to check if at trigger ^• frame (=NEXFRAME - HORl)

361 7E JMP PATCH 3 .Now finish calc.' check 01 ;for doing the long pulse, and CO jpulse around the codes

THIS PATCH DETERMINES WHETHER FICHE IS GOING TO JUMP OVER TO RIGHTMOST COLUMN (COL.9) AND IF NOT GOES AHEAD AND DOES A LONG FULSE TO GET OVER CODES (IF COL. 9, LONG PULSE WOULD RUN INTO- MECHANICAL STOP

ICO OO PATCH 3: .Frame number after this jump

OO ; is already in ACCA

OO

DO

OO

IC5 84 ANDA #$OF ;Select column from

OF .frame number

"BURE U

OΛ1PI

^ _^ ^{^} wi ^p o ^""

IC7 81 CMPA #$09 ;Is it right most column?

09

1C9 27 BEQ IGNR ;If so, do a short jump

10 ;only

1CB 00

00

00

00

lCF 86 LDAA #$01 ;Initialize a counter to

01 ;do 1 pulse

IDl 97

D4 STAA PULSNMR

1D3 BD MORE: JSR IGNORE ;Do the pulse

03

36

1D6 7A DEC PULSNMR jC-ount it off

00

D4

1D9 26 BNE MORE ;Not done— then pulse some more

F8

1DB BD IGNR: JSR IGNORE .Get around remaining codes

03

36

O

IDE 7E JMP REGET ;Go find the

03 ;bar again

42

ROUTINE TO REGISTER CENTER BAR AT START OF NEXT FRAME

370 7F REGISTER: CLR PULSTIM Start with min. vert.

00 sweep from present

FS position

373 96 SWEEP: LDAA PULSTIM Initates a new sweep;.

F5

375 8B ADDA #$08 By incrementing the sweep

F5 timer

377 97 STAA PULSTIM

F5

s

3C •

386 97 . +2: STAA SAVZ Save direction for additional

EB pulse when bar found

388 C6 ^' LDAB #$30 Select med. slow motor speed

30 for narrow sweep range

38A 7C INC SRCHFLAG Flag to search for data

00 during pulse

AG

38D BD JSR PULSE Go do it

01

FO

390 96 LDAA LITCNT Result of pulse?

FZ

_

392 27 BEQ SWEEP No data yet --Go again

DF ;Additional pulse after registering bar, to make sure bar is in view and prevent

misleading end of condition by center

394 86 LDAA #$01

01

396 97 ^{• •} STAA PULSTIM ^• Small size pulse

F5

398 96 LDAA SAVZ ;Load same motor directioi

FB as before

39A C6 LDAB #$20 ;Siow motor speed

20

39C BD JSR PULSE ;Do the pulse

01

FO

39F 39 RTS ;End of register routine Performs next vert, move

3BQ 96 VERTICAL: LDAA VERT What direction required? AB

3B2 2B BMI DOWNMOVE ^■ Choose proper vert, direction 03 for FINDBAR ROUTINE

3B4 4F CLRA

3B5 20 BRA STORE 02

'BURE _OMPI

- - - WIPO ^" ~ 5?NATlO

3B7 86 DOWNMOVE: LDAA #$01

01

3B9 20 STORE: BRA PATCH 9 Go store it

ID

3BB BD FIND: JSR FINDBAR Go across frame vert, to

02 next guidebar

E0

3BE 86 LDAA #$34 Now guide along bar left

34 to home position

300 97 STAA HORDIR

DA

3C2 BD JSR CENTER

00

53

3C5 96 LDAA VERT Update frame counter

A8

3C7 2B BMI INC In which direction?

03

3C9 4A DECR: DECA — Down if positive

3CA 20 BRA .+l 01

CC 4C INCR: INCA —Up if negative

CD97 STAA VERT Store it

A8

CF 26 BNE VERT Done? If not, do another frame

DF

DI 39 RTS Otherwise back to monitor for next

D8 97 PATCH9: STAA OUTVIE W Store vert, direction flag AC for findbar

DA 86 LDAA #$FF Now large hor. and vert, pulses

FF to get away from present guidebar and angle bars

DC 7 STAA PULSTIM Max. pulse width

F5

DE 86 LDAA #$3C HORDIR=right

3C

EOC6 LDAB #$07 HOR. SPEED=medium

07

E2 BD JSR PULSE Do horizontal pulse

01

FO

^" BURE U OMPI

3E5 96 LLDDAAAA OOUUTTVIEW Which direction for large

AC vertical pulse?

3E7 27 BEQ UP

04

3E9 86 ^* DOWN: LDAA #$34 DOWN if outv_ew=l

34 .

3EB 20 BRA .+2

02

3ED 86 UP: LDAA #$3C Up if outview=l

3C

3EFC6 . +2: LDAB #$70 Select med. vert, speed

70

3FI BD JSR PULSE Do the vertical pulse

01

FO

3F4 20 • BRA FIND Ready to find next guidebar

C5

Routine to bring 2 codes into view, read them and output to -ΕESULT ^* *

47C 97 READZ: STAA LOWLIM

A2 Store limit from patch 7 for verifying codes

47E D7 STAB UPLIM A3

480 7F ^' READ 2+4: CLR RESULT

00 Clear previously read codes

D9

483 7F CLR CODECNT

00 codes to read

DF • *

486 86 NEXT: LDAA #$FF Prepare to use pulse routine

FF with search for light feature

488 97 STAA PULSTIM Make search for time big

F5

48A 86 LDAA #$34 Select direction ^* =left

34

48C Co LDAB #$02 Select slow hor. speed

02

48E 7C INC SRCHFLG Enable data search

00

AG

Search for next code

491 7E JMP PATCH12

02

36

When code is in view,

494 00 position and read it.

00 Back code into "RESULT ^*

496 96 BACK4: LDAA CODECNT

DF

498 4C

499 97 STAA CODECNT

DF

49B 81 CMPA #$02 All codes read?

02 .

49C 26 BNE NEXT No --Get and re-read answer

E8

swap digits of result, since

04 las _t digit was read firs - need to rotate 4 bits

4AI 96 LOOP: LDAA RESULT D9

A3 2B BME .+3 03

A5 06 CLC Determine carry for next rotate

A6 20 BRA .+1 01 Swap by rotating 4 bits

A8 0D • +3: SEC

A9 79 . +1: ROL RESULT

00

D9

AC 5A DEC B All done?

AD26 BNE LOOP No — rotate again

F2

AF 00 Yes -Back to PATCH 4 to verify 2nd code

BO BD PATCH4: JSR VERIFY Verify code just read, output 05 is re-read = 1 for good read, 0" for bad

B3 D6 LDAB REREAD Good read? Al

4B5 27 BEQ GOOD Yes— eturn from decode

03 routine:

4B7 00 No— Go ahead anyway—

00 Do not re-read code

00 manually or automatically ^*

4BA 39 GOOD: RTS Return to READ 2

4BB BD PATCH4B: JSR DECODE _. When code is in view, positio

03 " ;and read it, pack code

^" FC ;into result

4BE 86 LDAA #$FF _. Set up another

FF ;long pulse enable, to get off code

4C097 STAA PULSTIM ;put the pulse

FS jlength away

4C2 86 LDAA #$34 ;We still want

34 ;i to go left

4C4 C6 LDAB #$02 .And, we want it

02 .to go slow

4C6 7A DEC SRCHFLG ;Pulse until we get off code

00 ; (Pulse until dark)

A6

4C9 BD JSR PULSE ;This is what actually

01 ; Makes it go

FO

4CC 7E JMP BACK4 ;Go back to what was before

04 ;it was not

95

236 BD P TCH12: JSR PULSE Search for code

01

FO

239 BD . JSR SRCH At end of search, has

00 code been found?

IE

23C 96 LDAA LITCNT If so, data is non-zero

12

23E 26 BME FOUND Yes— Go on

03

240 7E JMP NEXT No— Do another search

04 pulse

86

243 7E FOUND : Go to decode here

04

BB

^" BU RE

___0A1PI . WIPO

Routine executed upon reaching home on destination frame. Reads all codes at destination, chooses next frame address from array based on user key input.

Finally, return to home position on the frame and proceeds to user next frame for πovement based on key input on 64 or 65.

523 96 - CODES: LDAA PRESFRAME Where are we now?

E2

525 81 CMPA #$34 If frame 64 or 65 (row 3,

34 4 or 5), must now read string of codes to be accessed by user keys.

527 27 BEQ BLTCODES

3A

If normal frame, must only read single code pair to

529 81 CMPA #$35 verify location at proper destination

35

52B 27 BEQ KEYCODES

36

52D 86 NORMAL: LDAA #$3F First store software interrupt

3F code to enable breakpoint for next input automatically

52F B7 STAA ROUTE 02 71

"B

_ .

532 86 LDAA #$01 Flag for PATCH 7 that

01 frame is not 64 or 65

534 97 STAA NORM

A4

536 BD JSR PATCH 7 Do conversion and put

05 result in limits to verify

10 codes read.

539 BD JSR READZ Now read and verify

04

7C

53C B6 SAME: LDAA #$01 Initialize number of code

01 pairs read to I for getting back home

53E 7 STAA NUMBER

DC

540 BD JSR BAKHOM Get hack to home position

05 on frame

46

543 7E JMP ROUTE Ready to go with user

02 input

71

546 97 BAKHOM: STAA PULSNMR

D4

548 86 LDAA #$80 Use med. pulse width

80

54A 97 STAA PULSTIM

F5

54C 86 LDAA #$3C Pulse directioπ=right

3C

54E C6 LDAB #$08 Pulse speed fast

08

550 BD JSR PULSE Pulse over the codes

01

FO

553 7A DEC PULSNMR

00

D4

556 26 BNE BAKHOM

FO

558 BD JSR REGISTER Done jumping over codes,

03 then find the guidebar

70

55B BD JSR CENTER Back to left of bar for

00 home position

53

55E 39 RTS Ready to go on with user input, or automatic route to frame commanded by user key

55F 00

00

00

562 00

563 86 KEYCODES: LDAA #$BD Store original instruction into first instruction of next

BD cycle, to enable automatic routine to frame selected with user key

565 B7 STAA ROUTE

02

71

568 86 LDAA #$07 Number of code pairs to be

07 read=7

56A 47 STAA NUMBER

DC

56C 97 STAA NUMCNT+l Init. counter to keep track

DE of codes

56E 7F CLR NORM Indicate special frame 64 or

00 65 for PATCH 7

A4

571 8D PAIR: BSR PATCH 7 Calc. limits for valid code

9D read

573 BD JSR READZ Read next pair of codes

04

^* 7C

576 DE LDX NUMCNT Load pointer to array

DD for storing the result

578 96 LDAA RESULT Fetch result of code

D9

57A A7 STAA KEYTABL-l.X Now store in table for access

E2 by key input later

57C 7A DEC NUMCNT+l Count off the codes just read

00

DE

57F 26 BNE PAIR Not done yet? Then read

FO another pair of codes

581 86 SELECT: LDAA #$CO Prepare to light up next

CO frame LED

58B 20 BRA READKY Then go wait for user to select IB next frame with a key

Routine to convert present frame number into decimal format for comparison with result of reading codes, and set upper and lower limits to verify code reading

510 7C PATCH 7: INC CONVERT Enable flag for conversion

00 in this direction

A5

513 BD JSR NINES Do conversion on

02 NEXFRAME (=PRESFRAME);

C5 Result of conversion is in ACCA

516 D6 LDAB NORM Is frame normal (not 64 or 65)?

A4

518 27 BEQ SPECIAL No --store special limits

03 for codes on frames 64, 65

51A 16 TAB Yes — Both limits are=PRESFRAME

51B 20 BRA SETLIM Limits are in ACCA, ACCB

04

51D C6 SPECIAL: LDAA #$79 Upper limits for frames 64, 65

79 is high digit=7, low digit=9

51F 86 LDAA #$60 Lower limit is high digit

60 =6, low digit=0

521 39 SETLIM: RTS Return then read 2 intermediately stored ACCA and ACCB into liπ±s

SWITCH REG. READ PROGRAM-WAITS FOR SWITCH TO BE

- PRESSED, LEADS THE REGISTER, WAITS FOR SWITCH RELEASE AND SELECTS NEXT FRAME -

585 87 SWITCH: STAA LEDREG Light up appropriate LED's

06 00

588 B6 READl: ^■ LDAA SWREG Read switch register

07

00

58B 81 CMPA #$80 Will have top bit set

80 -

58D 27 BEQ READl Wait for switch to be p

F9

58F 80 SUBA #$80 Erase top bit,

80

591 97 STAA KEYREG And save result

D8

593 B6 READ2: LDAA SWREG Wait for switch release

07

00

596 81 CMPA #$80 Topbit will again be set

80

598 26 BNE READZ All other bits should be reset

F9

59A 86 LDAA #$40 Now clear LED's

40

59C 7E JMP PATCH 11 Go finish the routine

01

1A

17A B7 PATCHll:STAA LEDREG Clear LED's

06

00

17D 96 LDAA PREV In case of previous bad read,

AE recall previous result before re-reading (In case of next frame, this doesn't matter)

17F 97 STAA RESULT D9

181 39 RTS Back to caller

5A0 BD READKY: JSR SWITCH Read user selection key 05

85

5A3 CE LDX #$0006 Yes --prepare to access table 00 based on switch read 06

5A6 86 LDAA #$40 Switch #6 is bit 6 set in

40 SWREG

5A8 91 BACK: CMPA KEYREG Was this switch pressed?

D8

5AA 27 BEQ MATCH Yes— Go access table

07

5AC 09 DEX No --Advance table pointer

5AD44 LSRA Advance to next down the line

SAE 26 BNE BACK Last switch checked? No go

F8 check another

5B0 7E ERRl: JMP SELECT Yes —switch data invalid;

05 interrupt for user to try again

81

5B3 A6 MATCH: LDAA KEYTABL.X Fetch code data from table,

E3 as selected by switch

5B5 97 STAA NEXFRAME Code data is next frame

El address

5B7 86 LDAA #$04 Go back to home position before

04 moving to next frame

5B9 BD JSR BAKHOM

05

46

BC 7E JMP ROUTE Ready to do it over again 02 71

GENERAL PURPOSE PATTERN RECOGNITION SUBROUTINE

Extracts Features According To The Following Definitions

-Start of feature is two consecutive 'light" half -bytes (INPTID=1)

^■ INPΉD'O- -. '-DON'T CARE "--Counts as 'light" inside feature, "dark" if outside

- End of feature is last "light" half -byte preceeding first "dark" half -byte

Calls XAMIN to determine INPTID, scans to end of feature or end of array, whichever first output is feature (Start, Length) in half -bytes

If no feature is found, FEATSTRT=0

100 4F XTRACT: CLRA Clear outputs as signal in case no signal is found

101 97 STAA LITCNT

F2

103 97 STAA FEATSTRT

Fl

105 00

00

00

. 00

^" BURE U

_ OMPI

^ o

109 BD FSTIME: JSR XAMIN Examine next half -byte

01 46

:■ 86 LDAA #$IE All data examined?

IE

: 91 CMPA BYTPTR-rt

D7

26 BNE CHKOUT No --Go look for start of

01 feature

112 39 RTS Yes— Go back to caller

113 96 CHKOUT: LDAA INPTID What did last half -byte contain? AA

115 2E BGT FIRST I _>75% light— possible feature

0B

117 7F CLR LITCNT < 75% light— cancel feature

00

F2

HA 20 BRA FSTIME +keep looking

ED

11C 00

00

00

00 00 00

122 7C FIRST!: INC LITCNT First light data found -add to

00 • length of feature

F2

125 B6 LDAA #$02 Two consecutive light half -bytes

02 found yet?

127 91 CMPA LITCNT

F2 ^"

129 26 BNE FSTTME No --look for second

DE *

12B 96 LDAA BYTPTR+l Yes— Calculate start of feature

D7

12D 48 ASLA By multiplying bytes

12F 9B ADDA HLFPTR Add half -byte count (0 or I)

AB

130 80 SUBA #$02 +Subtract two half -bytes, Byte

02 count always looks ahead one byte

132 97 STAA FEATSTRT Store start of feature Fl

134 BD 2NDTIME: JSR XAMIN Look at next half -byte

01 -

46

137 96 LDAA INPTID Result?

AA

139 2A BPL SECNDl >50% light (0 or I) INPTID

01 —add to feature

13B 39 RTS _^ < 50% light— end of feature

13C 7C SECNDl: INC LITCNT Add to feature

00

F2

13F 86 CHECKIN: LDAA #$20 End of data?

20

141 91 CMPA BYTPTR+l

D7

143 26 BNE 2NDTIME No --Look at next half -byte

EF

145 3A RTS Yes — end of feamre

EXAMINE SUBROUTINE

HLFTR=0 or I HALF -BYTE FROM BYTABL, OUTPUT IS (INPTID= 1 > 1/2 bits set, -I for < 1/2 bits- set, 0 for 1/2 bits set)

TS _

146 DE XAMINE: LDX BYTPTR

D6

148 A 6 LDAA BYTABL*

B2

14A D6 LDAB HLFPTR Which half -byte is desired?

AB

14C 26 BNE RHLF If right (low order) ignore next

09 step

14E 7C INC HLFPTR If left (high order)point to right

00 for next time,

AB

151,- 44 LSRA Shift left data into right half- byte with zeros in left half -byte

152 44 LSRA

153 44 LSRA

154 44 LSRA

155 20 BRA IDENT +Go on

08

157 84 RHLF: ANDA #$0F Mask out left byte

OF

159 7A DEC HLFPTR Point to left half -byte for next

00 step

AB

15C 7C INC BYTPTR-H Point to next byte for next step

00

D7 .

15r B7 IDENT: STAA HERE Data is used as index for table

01

66

162 CE LDX #IDTABL Xcontaiπs table base address

01

6A

165 E6 LDAB 0,X

00 HERE:

167 D7 STAB INPTID Store result of table look-up

AA

'B

/

INTERFACE PROGRAM

INIT-SETS UP INPUT/OUTPUT PIA'S SRCH-GENERAL PURPOSE SUBROUTINE TO

FIND FIRST FEATURE STRINT -START INTERRUPT

00 OF INIT: SEl Do not interrupt until this routine is completed

01 86 LDA #$30 Select DDR for 8004

30

03 B7 STA PIACRA 80 05

06 B7 STAA PIACRB ♦—And 8006, with falling edge

80 sensor interrupt. rig.

07

09 7F CLR PIACRA Select all lines of 8004 as

80 inputs

04

0C 86 LDAA #$FF

FF

STAA PIAORB Select all lines of 8006 as

OE B7 outputs

80

06

Select proper horizontal

11 96 LDAA HORDIR direction

DA

+Store in 8005

13 87 TAA PIACRA

80

05

Blank LED's

16 86 LDAA #$40

40

18 B7 STAA LEDREG

06

00

Now ready for interrupts

IB OE CLI

Back to monitor

IC 39 RTS

IP ! 7C SRCH: INC PIACRB Enable sensor interrupt

80

07

21 3E WAI Wait for new data

22 7F CLR BYTPTR Initialize pointers to left edge

00 of view D7

5 7F CLR HLFPTR

00

AB

8 BD JSR XTRACT +Extract leftmost feature

01

00

B 39 RTS . Back to caller

0 7A INTRUP: DEC PIAC-RB Disable further start interrupts

80

07

3 CE LDX #$00 Reset input data counter

00

00

6 7C INC PIACRA Enable sensor data interrupt

80

05

9 86 WAT: LDAA #$80 Mask out all but interrupt bit

80

B B4 ANDA PIACRA

80

05

E 27 BEQ WAIT Wait for interrupt to occur

F9

40 B6 LDAA PIAORA Then fetch input data

80

04

43 A7 STAA BYTABL Bl

45 08 INX Update data counter

46 8C CPX #$20 All done?

00

20

49 26 BNE WAIT No --back for next byte

EE

4B 7A DONE: DEC PIACRA Yes— disable sensor interrupt

80 until next interrupt routine

05

4E 96 LDAA BYTABL Shift leftmost data to right

Bl end since first data byte was missed

50 97 STAA BYTABL+21 Dl

52 3B RTI +Return

CENTER

53 BD CENTER: JSR SRCH Get start and length of 00 guidebar IE

56 D6 LDAB LITCNT Length=0?

F2

58 26 BNE GUIDE No — Guidebar was found

04

5A 7E JMP PATCH 2 Yes --Check to make sure

01 blank data was really seen

AO

5D 00

5E 7F GUIDE: CLR BLANKCNT Guidebar found -reset

00 blank data flag AD

61 96 LDAA FEATSTRT Start of bar at left edge of view

Fl

63 27 BEQ LEFT Yes — Go center the bar

25

65 9B ADDA LITCNT No --End of bar at right edge

F2 of view?

fURE4

OMPI

^< 5 wi ^p o~ ,-

ΦtfNATlO

67 81 CMPA #$40

40

69 27 BEQ RIGHT Yes— Go center the bar

19

6B Cl CMPB #$04 No —Does bar have minimum

04 valid width?

6D 2C BGE SIDE I Yes— Go see if it needs center¬

2A ing

6F 86 LDAA #$3C No --Enable PIA to stop motor

3C

71 00

72 20 BRA HOR ONLY —Go do it 0C

74 D6 SIDE: LDAB FEATSTRT Check if guidebar needs

Fl centering

76 Cl CMPB #$08 < — Left edge extreme, bar

08 must start either left or allowed area

78 2D BLT LEFT - 10

7A Cl CMPB #$38 < — ight edge extreme 38

7C 2E BGT RIGHT Or right of allowed area 06

7E 86 LDAA #$34 No centering required

34

80 C6 ' HORONLY: LDAB #$06 Load horizontal speed only

1551

82 20 BRA STOMOTR -fStore in PIA

0A ^*

84 86 RIGHT: LDAA #$34 If bar too far right (down'

34 make vertical direction u]

86 C6 LDAB #$23 Store-vert. speed=2, Hor speed=3

88 20 BRA STOMOTR -Store in PIA

04

8A 86 LEFT: LDAA #$3C If bar too far left (up)

3G make vertical direction down

8C C6 LDAB #$23 Vert. speed=2, Hor. speed=3

8E B7 STOMOTR: STAA PIACRB Store vertical direction 80 07

92 F7 STAB PIAORB +Both motor speeds

80

06

94 00

00

96 7E JMP CENTER Back to start

00

- 53

99 96 SIDEl: LDAA HORDIR Makes sure proper horizontal

DA direction is chosen for this cycle

9B B7 STAA PIACRA

80

05

9E 20 BRA SIDE

D4

AO 39 END: RTS

1A0 86 PATCH2: LDAA #$03 Valid blank at edge of guidebar

03

IA2 B7 STAA PIAORB Slow down motor in case

80 this is valid blank

06

IA5 96 LDAA BLANKCNT Register blank data

AD

IA7 4C INCA

1A8 81 CMPA #$04 Blank data seen min. number

04 times in a row?

1AA 27 BEQ . +5 Yes --Stop motor and exit

05 from center

IAC 97 STAA BLANKCNT No --keep timing the blank

AD

IA-E 7E JMP CENTER Back another time

00

53

1BI 86 .+5: LDAA #$34 Store vertical direction

34

1B3 5F - GLRB +Clear both motors

1B4 B7 STAB PIAORB

80

07

IBA 7F CLR BLANKC

00

AD

IBD 39 RTS True end of guidebar here

PULSE

1FO C1 PULSE: CMPB #$10 B contains motor speed, is

10 pulse vert. ? —If so B ^.10

1F2 2D BLT HORDIR No— Store direction in -hor. PIA

05

IF4 B7 STAA PIACRB

80

1F7 20 BRA .+8

08

1F9 B7 HORDIR-_3TAA PIACRA

80

05

1FC 86 LDAA #$34 If horizontal*, motor may not

34 yet be enabled for output, Go do it

1FE B7 STAA PIACRB 80 01

201 F7 +.8: STAB PIAORB Start upmotor 80 06

•Λfi wi

-83-

204 D6 LDAB PULSTIM Fetch pulse width

F5

206 5A MORE: DECB

207 27 BEQ STOP Pulse timed out?

OA

209 96 ^■ LDAA SRCHFLG No— Data search

A6 during pulse?

20B 26 BNE JUMP Yes — Go look

OD

20D 4F CLRA Execute inner wall

20E 4A LOOP DECA Loop

20F 26 BNE LOOP

FD

211 20 BRA MORE +Go test for end of pulse

F3

213 7F STOP: CLR PIAORB Yes — Stop motor

80

06

216 7F CLR SRCHFLG Reset input enable Flag

00

A6

^" BUREAU

O PI

A v , WIPO φ? ATlO^

219 39 RTS Back to caller

21A 7E JUMP JMP PATCH I

01 83

183 D7 . PATCHl:STAB SAVl ;Save B to keep count D2 pulse width

185 BD AGAIN: JSR SRCH ;Go look

00 IE

188 F6 LDAB SAVl ;Bring it back 00 D2

18B 96 LDAA LITCNT .Get the data F2 26 BNE LIGHT ;Go see what to do about it 06

18F 96 DARK: LDAA SRCHFLG ;If no data, stop if < 0

A6 _. Keep going if > 0

191 2B BMI STOPl ;Here for stop

06

193 20 BRA MOREl _. Else Here for more pulse 07

^" B

^ ~

195 96 LIGHT: LDAA SRCHFLG ;If data there, stop if

A6 ,'Search flag > 0, and keep going if SRCHFLAG < 0

197 2B BMI MOKE I .Here for more pulse

03

199 7E STOP1:. JMP STOP ; Here for stop

02

13

19C 7E MORE1: JMP MORE ;Here for more pulse

02

06

DECODE

Positions, reads & packs a code when brought into view by monitor

3F7 86 DECODE -5: LDAA #$00 Turn on reread LED

00

3F9 BD JSR SWITCH Only executed if code out of 05 focus --user presses red switch B5 after focussing, then code re¬ read

3FC 86 DECODE: LDAA #$3C Slow movement in up direction 3C to position + read index bar

.rc<_ . LDAB #$20 Select slow vert, speed 20

400 B7 STAA PIACRB Store direction

80

07

403 F7 STAB PIAORB Store speed to start motor

80

06

406 BD INDEX: JSR SRCH Read leftmost feature

00 (Index BAR)

IE

409 96 LDAA FEATSTRT Look where it starts

Fl

40B 81 CMPA #$20 Far enough to right?

20

40D 2D BLT INDEX

F7

40F 00

00

00

00

413 86 ENOUGH: LDAA #$34 Now reverse direction to bring

34 all data into view

BU

415 87 STAA PIACRB (Index bar at far left) with

80 same slow speed

07

418 BD FIX: JSR SRCH Fixes index bar at top of view

00

IE

41B 96 LDAA FESTS"

Fl

41D 81 CMPA #$10 Close enough to top

10

41F 2E BGT FIX ^* No --keep moving down

F7

421 7E JMP CALC Yes --Stop motor & calculate

04 size of final positioning pulse

FB

424 8B FINAL: ADDA #$0A Add in. exp. deter, pulse width,

OA set up .to remove index bar and erase all data in view

426 97 STAB PULS1NT F5

428 86 LDAA #$34 Direction=down 34

42A C6 LDAB #$30 Speed=5low vertical

30

42C BD JSR PULSE --Do it; then ready to

01 stablize view for reading the

FO data bars

42F 86 . LDAA #$FO

FO Long pulse width=delay time

431 97 STAA PULSTIM

F5

433 86 LDAA #$34 Do not change motor direction

34

435 5F CLRB No motion during delay

436 BD JSR PULSE Perform the delay -then read

01 to read data

FO

439 96 INTERPRET: LDAA ; Routine is to read properly

D9 asitioned code by interrupting data found in the four quadrants of the view

43B 97 STAA PREV ;Save previous results in case AF this read is bad

43D BD JSR SCAN ;First get the data

02

46

440 96 LDAA CODEPTϊ

F4 were found, from size of array

442 81 CMPA #$06 ;Less than three features

06 (6 Bytes?)

444 2D BLT DECODE -5 ; Yes --Wait for user switch

B3 as signal that focussing has been adjusted, then re-read code

446 81 CMPA #$0A ; > 5 features (10 bytes)?

OA

448 2C BGE DECODE -5 ;Yes— Wait as above, then

A9 re-read code

44A 96 LDAA CODETABL ;No— Where does first

F6 feature start?

44C 97 STAA QUAD jlnitialize quad, marker to

EA start of first feature --

00 delimits quadrant in which

00 first data bar is expected

450 7F CLR BARCNT Points to data bar presently

00 being interpreted

D3

45B CE LDX #$0000

00

00

456 DF STX TEMP+2 Points to feature presently

EE under investigation

458 00 ;Look for feature start

00 within specified tolerance

00 of quadrant marker

45B DE NEXFEAT: LDX TEMP+2 ;Fetch feature pointer

EE

45D A6 LDAA CODETABL.X ;Use it to fetch feature star

F6

45F 90 SUBA QUAD ;Find distance from

EA feature to quad, marker =

Abs. value of (FEATSTRT - QUAD)

461 ZA BPL .+1 01

463 40 NEGA ;Change sign only if neg.

464 81 . -H: CMPA #$06 ;Is feamre in quadrant,

06 within tolerance?

466 2F BLE READ ;Yes —Assign it to the

68 bar and read it

468 08 INX ;No- -Advance pointer to next feature

469 08 INX

46A DF STX TEMP+2

EE

46C- 96 LDAA TEMP+3 ;Check for end of feature

EF array

*

46E 91 CMPA CODEPTR+l

F4

470 2D BNT NEXFEAT ;Nop at end of array, keep

E9 looking

472 00 ;If pointing past end of array,

00 no feamre was found for the

00 data bar—Assign thin feature

00 (CODE=l) to the bar by setting

00 carry bit

00

^" BURE

O PI

478 OD SEC

479 7E JMP ASSIGN 04 DA

; Reads selected feamre and assigns it to a data bar (0 or 1) then packs data bar into result and sets up for next data bar, if any.

4D086 READ: LDAA #$05 ;Fetch min. size for "FAT" 05 (0) (BAR)

4D2 Al CMPA CODETABL+l.X ;Compare with feature F7 size

4D4 2F BLE ZERO ;Data bar larger, must be 0 03

4D6 0D SEC ;Data bar smaller, must be I

4D7 ZO BRA ASSIGN

01

4D9 0C ZERO: CLC

4DA 79 ASSIGN: ROL RESUL' ;Carry contains data bar value -

00 Shift left into Z -digit result

D9

DD96 LDAA BARCN"

D3

DF 81 CMPA #$03

03

E1 26 BNE SETUP ;Not yet- -set up for next bar

07

E3 96 LDAA CODEC!

DF

E5 27 BEQ PATCH 4 Yes— Verify the code

C9

E7 20 BRA SWAP No — ait until digits are

B6 swapped to verify

00

EACE SETUP: LDX #$0000 ;Get feamre pointer back to

00 start of array

00

EDDF SIX TEMP+2

EE

EF 7C INC BARCNT ; Advance bar count

00

D3

"BU REA U

OMPI

.A

4F2 96 LDAA QUAD ;Advance quad, marker

EA

4F4 8B ADDA #$OE

OE

4F6 97 STAA QUAD ;Store it

EA

4F8 7E JMP NEXFEAT ;Start looking for new data bar

04

5B

;Check to see if in ;Position for final pulse ;tD remove index bar

4FB 81 CALC: CMPA #$10 ;is index bar still to left

10 of 1/4 mark?

4FD2F BLE NOTRDY ;Yes_--not read for final

06 ;pulse— keep moving down

4FF 7F CLR PIAORB ; No --Stop motor

80

06

502 7E JMP FINAL jCalculate size of final

04 ;pulse from index bar position

24 ;in ACCA

505 7E NOTRDY: JUMP DECODE ;If sent here go back 03 ; and start positioning FC ;over again

50800 00 00 00 00 00 00

50F 00

Subroutine to verify code just read Low lim. , up lim. give accepted range for code verification.

5EB 96 VERIFY:LDAA LOWLIM Fetch limits --lo\

A2

5EDD6 LDAB UPLIM --upper

A3

5EF 7D TST CODECNT 1st or 2nd code?

00

EF

5F2 26 BNE NOMASK If second (1 code

CD counted)compare code with full limits

5F4 84 ANDA #$OF If first (no codes counted)

OF compare code read with lower digit of limits only

5F6 C4 ANDB #$OF

OF

5F8 20 BRA NOMASK Go compare

C7

SCI 91 ^* NOMASK: CMPA RESULT Is code read result less tt

D9 lower limit?

5C3 2E BGT SET ;Yes— Set re-read flag

07

5C5 D1 CMPB RESULT No— reater than upper lii

D9

5C7 2D BLT SET Yes— set re-read flag

03

5C9 4F CLEA. R: CLRA No— clear re-read flag

5CA 20 BRA . +2 Go do it

02

5CC 86 SET: LDAA #$01 Set re-read flag here

01

O

CE97 .+2: STAA READ Go do it

Al

D039 RTS Re rn to caller

IV. COMBINED DIGITIZED AND VIEWER MICROFICHE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL A. Parts Management and Inventory

Control Example In the foregoing discussions, the system has been covered with respect to proper alignment of a microfiche, both with respect to the viewer and with respect to the scanner. A specific example will now be provided with respect to a combined system, suitable for PMIC appli- cations, with reference to FIGS. 1, 1A, 2, 3 and 14.

In utilizing the apparatus of FIG. 14 in a PMIC application, a single microprocessor may be employed. In addition to the apparatus already discussed, peri¬ pheral apparatus is provided for the scanner, which apparatus comprises a scanner control 202 and the sensor apparatus disclosed in FIG. 7, namely the sensor position drive 90, the sensor alignment drive 92, the scanner sensor 98, and the sensor register 102, as well as the auxiliary apparatus used in displaying, recording and transmitting the output data. This latter apparatus comprises the LED display 22, the line printer 14, the digital tape recorder 15, and the MODEM unit 16.

Before turning to a specific example, as can be seen in FIG. 1, a dealership information terminal is generally illustrated at 10 as comprising a microfiche file 11 which includes master, parts and price micro¬ fiche, a viewer 12, a scanner 13, a printer 14, a tape recorder 15, a MODEM unit 16, and his local telephone instrument 17. The telephone instrument 17 may be used to connect the terminal by way of the telephone network 18 to a central computer 19 located in a plant which supplies parts to the dealership.

The printer may advantageously be a line printer, such as the 4 character line printer of Anadex model DP-1000. A suitable tape recorder is the digital recorder, known as the SC-1000 Dumb Recorder, manufac- tured by Seaton Corp. The MODEM unit may be a Data COM 302.

The viewer 12 is illustrated as comprising a view¬ ing screen 20 which is positioned with respect to an optical system (not shown) which includes a microfiche transport which receives the viewer-type microfiche through a slot 21. A digital display 22, for example a LED display, is positioned immediately below the viewing screen 20.

The viewer 12 also comprises a keyboard which includes a four-function calculator unit 23 and a plurality of operational switches 24-33, the purpose of which will become evident from the description below.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of a frame 34 of a viewer microfiche, corresponding to a frame 112 of FIG. 8, which microfiche is a master microfiche, while FIG. 3 illustrates a frame 35, also corresponding to a frame 112 of FIG. 8, of a viewer microfiche which is con¬ structed as a parts fiche. The frame 35 is illustrated as comprising one portion 36 which bears graphic informa¬ tion, here in the form of an exploded view bf a pump, and another portion 37 which bears alphanumeric informa¬ tion concerning the parts illustrated in the frame por¬ tion 36.

^■ BU REA U OMPΓ ™

Assuming now that a customer goes to the parts department of a dealership, for example a farm equip¬ ment dealership, needing a part for a tractor. The customer has the model number and can describe where the part is located on the tractor.

Armed with this information, the parts man matches the machine and model information provided by the customer to the machine and model information on the header of the parts microfiche in the microfiche file 11, extracts the corresponding microfiche from the microfiche file and reads from the header that the parts on this microfiche are also found on the price microfiche #1. He then extracts the corresponding price microfiche and inserts the parts microfiche in the slot 21 of the viewer and the price microfiche in the slot

13' of the scanner 13. The price microfiche, of course, takes the form discussed above with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5, and has a header which identifies the models served by that parts microfiche. There are, of course, fewer price microfiche than parts microfiche, since a single price microfiche carries prices for several models. The data itself is in the form of digitized codes read¬ able to the scanner, rather than to the human eye.

The parts man then turns the viewer on with the ON-OFF switch 44 to energize all of the system hardware and the microfiche are automatically registered in place.

The parts man then presses the HOME button 33 which inputs an address for a home position into the entry register 180 (FIG. 14 \ to automatically index the microfiche to the first frame. The first frame is an index frame which bears alphanumeric information for the parts on that particular microfiche, such as

"Dual Pump—Frame 12 _^ ". The parts man then enters the 12 with the numerical keys 23 and presses the ADVANCE key 30.. The 12_ is the address and the key 30 provides the activation. The system operates for alignment as discussed above so that frame 12 becomes properly registered and the content thereof appears on the screen 20. In this example, this is the frame illustrated in FIG. 3. The parts man then checks the part and its loca¬ tion with the customer to determine if the proper part has, indeed, been selected. In this example, the part 11 indicated at 38 is the desired part and is described with the key number ll_ at 39 in the portion 37 of the frame as being the manufacturer's part number W 11852, as seen at 40, and is described at 41 to be a SHAFT- drive CD . The correct part corresponds to the locator number " CH 01-237". The portion CD of the locator number indicated at 42 corresponds to the price micro¬ fiche. The locator number has a two-fold function. First of all, within the dealership the locator number 0 can identify a physical location of the part, e.g., the corresponding part bin. Secondly, the locator number portion 43 is the address for the price micro¬ fiche.

The parts man then enters the locator number por*-- 5 tion 43 with the keyboard keys 23 and presses the PRICE key 31. In response to these actions, the scanner trans**- port moves to the addressed column and reads that portion of the column called for by the address, As an example, and referring to FIG. 14, the entry from the address ύ register 18Q into the comparator register 182 may set up a basis of comparison which instructs the micro-

- 102 -

processor and associated circuits to cause the scanner sensor to read only those bits occurring after the sensor scans a predetermined number of bits. The scanner control 202 feeds the scanned information into the comparator register 182 via the auxiliary code register 200. The comparator register 182, over a similar path back to the scanner control 202., which comprises logic circuits, monitors the data being pre¬ sented from the scanner sensor 98 to the sensor re- gister 102 so that the information finally lodged in the auxiliary code register is that portion of the scanned line defined by the address of the locator number. Actuation of this process by depression of the key 31 causes the desired information to be output to the display unit 22. As can be seen in FIG. 1A, the manufacturer's part number 11852 is displayed as a check, as is the price fiche locator number CD 01-237. In addition, the asterisk appearing on the display tells the parts man that the dealer has that part in stock. The information to the far right-hand side indicates that the desired part has a price of $7.25. Again, the locator number in the central por¬ tion of the display informs the parts man of the physical location of the part. The desired part is retrieved and the parts man copies the information from the display line onto the customer's sales invoice.

Then, for the dealership records, the parts man presses the SALE key 24, and possibly also the ORDER key 26 before depressing the PRINT key 29. The key 29

U

- O

activates the line printer 14 which immediately copies the part information, error-free, from the entire dis¬ play line onto a printer tape. The entry is thereby logged as a part of the day's transactions. In cases where the part is common to several sub- assemblies, a # appears as a part of the display to indicate that the locator number is a composite number. Inasmuch as the information on that part would appear on many parts microfiche and have numerous locator numbers, a single number is selected as the locator and appears on the, master microfiche, the price micro¬ fiche and on the stop bins.

In situations where a telephone inquiry is made and the customer can provide the manufacturer's part number directly, the parts man can immediately access the correct master microfiche of the few necessary master microfiche which carry all of the manufacturer's parts in alphanumeric order.

Upon selecting the correct master microfiche, he places the same in the viewer slot 21 and presses the HOME key 33. As with the parts microfiche, the master microfiche is addressed and moved to the home- frame, generally the first frame.

The home frame comprises an index or the first page of an index which states that the part numbers in the area under investigation are located at frame 47. He then enters 4_7_ with the keys 23 and presses the ADVANCE key which, as before, causes the desired frame to appear on the viewer screen 20. He there finds the manuf cturer's part number provided by the customer,

"BUREAU OMPI

"

which, in this example, again is part W 11852, as seen in FIG. 2. As also illustrated in FIG. 2, this part number corresponds to the locator number (1) 01-237. The parts man can now select the price microfiche (1) and proceed as in the foregoing example.

Cancellations are also readily handled with this PMIC system. If a customer calls later to cancel an order, the parts man can simply bring up the same dis¬ play on the LED unit 22, depress the CANCEL key 27 and then depress the PRINT key 29. The cancellation acti¬ vates both the printer 14 and the magnetic tape re¬ corder 15.

A number of conveniences for the parts man have been built, into the system. The memory key MM can be used to enter all part locator numbers calling for the same price microfiche and recalled by pressing the MR key and then the PRICE key to display the line of informa¬ tion. The clear entry CE key permits the parts .man to recover from a faulty entry, as is common practice with calculator devices, and the RETRACE key 32 permits the parts man to retrace frames step-by-step previously called for up to, for example, 32 _^ frames in that the internal built-in memory. is a last in-first out CLIFO) memory. The parts man will find the printed tape an essential part of his operation in that it carries all transactions identified by the symbols SALE, CHARGE, ORDER, CANCELLATION that was a SALE or a CHARGE or an ORDER or a CANCELLATION. The printed tape also carries information entered directly from the keyboard, for example the printing of the customer's invoice number with each transaction.

The system also allows the parts man to order a particular quantity by calling up the price line, by keying in the desired quantity, depressing the Q key 28, depressing the ORDER key 26 and then the key 29.

Should the dealer desire to have a listing of all the transactions of the day arranged by type,, all trans¬ actions can be placed on the magnetic tape during the day and then, at the end of the day, extracted type-by- type onto the print tape, by use of optional additional controls associated with the magnetic recorder. The printed tape is a permanent record of the day's activity i -the parts department, as well as a record of the day's orders contained on the magnetic tape. At the end of the day, when the parts man is ready to submit orders to the computer 19 at the factory, he places a telephone call with the conventional telephone instrument 17 and dials in his assigned identification code. He is then interfaced with the computer 19 which will accept the data from the magnetic tape unit 15. He then places the telephone hand set on the MODEM unit 16 and activates playing of the magnetic tape through the MODEM unit 16, the telephone 17 and the telephone network 18 to the com¬ puter 19.

Such daily, or even weekly communication, though it requires typically only a few minutes of telephone time, provides for frequent order fulfillment from the manu¬ facturer's warehouse. Frequent order and fulfillment capability provides accuracy in "real" inventory main¬ tenance.

In an ON-line real-time situation, speedy and frequent delivery must be made in order to justify the high costs involved. Although the instant PMIC system is based on fast and frequent delivery, it can, through the nature of its low cost, maintain a high degree of efficiency while permitting a more modest delivery system in terms of turn-around time.

To this point, the PMIC system described has serviced six of the seven critical areas previously stressed including quick access to parts identification and price, fast retrieval from storage bins, complete records, daily ordering and frequent fulfillment.

As to up-dating and maintaining a smoothly ^" func¬ tioning system, the key. is the microfiche as a data base, which is distributed at the remote locations, on safe, read-only microfiche media.

A PMIC system requires information that is both accurate and current—current enough for the application, yet costing no more than absolutely necessary. The price microfiche plays a particularly special communica¬ tions role in providing this information up-date feature, both accurately and economically. Heretofore, a trouble¬ some particularly disadvantageous drawback to the use of microfilm verses paper was the inability to correct errors regarding price or part information. When a parts man became aware of an error he could not make a note of it on microfilm as he could on paper. ^' Now, however," with the advent of the scanner the cooperable COM-generated digital microfiche having high-density digitized information, errors are quickly and economi¬ cally rectified.

_0

The price microfiche are replaced at responsible intervals and each may contain a special section which holds inventory up-date information. When the parts man receives a new price microfiche he may place the same, in the scanner and press a predetermined address, for example, 30-300 on the keyboard and then the PRICE key. In response to this action, the title line of a list of special messages appears on the display. He may, at this point, elect to read these messages one- by-one by pressing the PRICE key each time. Or, he may elect to use the PRINT key and obtain a print out of all the messages.

The price microfiche also supplies the corrective information required for a part: substitutions, parts that have become obsolete, new interchangeable parts, replacements, and errors.

When the locator number for such a part is used, the display iine appears, but special information on the digitized price microfiche energizes, in an automatically flashing manner, a lamp below the PRICE key. This sig¬ nals that there is corrective information on this part. By pressing the PRICE key, the correct information will appear on the line; in this case, a substituted part number. All. of the critical areas noted above have now been served: part identification, price, retrieval from stor¬ age, records, ordering, order fulfillment, and up-dating of inventory information and corrections.

OMPI

From the foregoing, it is readily apparent that the PMIC system disclosed herein is a totally inte¬ grated communications system which is readily expand¬ able in function to economically meet the data base and random access requirements of business, industry, education, ilitary and government.

V. SINGLE MICROFICHE CONTROL SYSTEMS

A. Banking and Credit Check Examples

As mentioned above, bank account signature cards may be placed on viewer-type microfiche with the account number serving as an address of the frame on which that signature will appear. Inasmuch as a great number of signatures can be placed on a frame, account numbers would be grouped and a decoder included to define a common address for a plurality of signatures. Keying in of the account number would then cause the viewer to function as before so that the desired signa¬ ture, along with signatures of the same frame, will be brought into view for checking the same against the signature on a check, withdrawal slip or the like. Privacy in checking account status and other information may be obtained by utilizing, in a separate system, the scanner 13, the LED display unit 22 and a keyboard, all located in the same housing. Referring to FIG. IB and FIG. 7, the system would operate as described above such that the account number, properly keyed in, will cause the scanner to find the proper account and provide the account information on the display. FIG. IB illustrates the scanner 13 connected to the keyboard 82 of FIG. 7 and receiving a digitized microfiche 50 of the type illustrated in FIG. 5, for feeding information to a display unit 22.

B. TV Applications

Referring to FIG. 7, the circuit is shown adapted for display of the digitized information carried by the scanner-type microfiche on a TV set 101, the information

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being fed from the data processing circuits 96 to the TV set 101 by way of a video display generator 103. The video display generator may be constituted by, for example, the video display generator S68047 manufactured by American Microsystems, Inc. C. Computer Programming

Referring to FIGS. 1C and 7, a computer, such as a home computer is generally illustrated as compris¬ ing a program section including a RAM 105 which is fed by a scanner 13 which receives the program on a digital microfiche 54' of the type illustrated in FIG. 6. In this embodiment, there is no addressing of the scanner and the keyboard and entry register would include a permanent sequential address for sequentially stepping the scanner to output the program to the RAM 105. A more simple control circuit may be included in the scanner in place of the microprocessor to merely step the. scanner through its sequence of operations. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may also be used as a RAM and accessed by addressing of the scanner by the computer. Although we have described our invention by re¬ ference to particular illustrative embodiments thereof, many changes and modifications of the invention may become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. We therefore intend to include within the patent warranted hereon all such changes and modifications as may reasonably and properly be included within the scope of our contribution to the art.

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