In accordance to international classification of patents, the subject of the invention is signed by a basic classification symbol E. 04. 8/08 that refers bearing constructions accomplished by joining prefabricated hollow blocks, and secondary classification symbols E. 04. C. 1/24 and E. 04. C. 5/065, as well with classification symbols which symbolize the field of technology of production : C. 04. B. 33/36, C. 04. B. 33133, C. 04. B. 18/16, C. 04. B. 28/22 and E. 04. D. 1/16.

The technical problem The technical problem that is to be solved by this invention is : how to construct ceramic elements (blocks) for building which will be steam-free, ecologically right, bearing, accumulative, heat and noise insulating and which will enable excellent interconnection and joining (corners, the joining of two walls of same or different thickness) and which will not require shuttering or concreting the joints. Their must be some concreting, but inside the elements itself and without any kind of shuttering. These elements must be facade type, so we can pass over rendering outside and inside. The question of girders above the doors and windows and ring beams must be solved by this invention. These elements will be made from same materials as others. This invention provide a possibility of cooling the walls and premises during the summer or mixing or extracting the accumulated warm air from walls during the winter.

Current state of technology/Background Art It is well known that every serious rough ceramic producer in the world produce ceramic elements (blocks) for building as caring so-cold giter blocks with smaller (12x--25xl (19x19x29) measurements-Those ceramic elements is produced-by burning clay with principals of rough ceramic which has porous structure and they are caring elements but they do not have insulating characteristics. There are some examples of production ceramic elements which will have insulating characteristics by implementing some materials in to the clay in the phase of shaping elements, but this materials are flammable and they are unstable on the higher temperatures (as example milled polystyrene).

After the burning in such elements there are cavity filled with air and this cavities give heat- insulating characteristics to the elements but this elements stays bad by the question of noise insulation. Bearing power and toughness of these elements are became less by using these materials.

There are some elements for building produced as concrete elements with stone aggregates or with lighten aggregates (as example durisol blocks). The first elements are massive and they have bad heat-insulating and ecological characteristics. Elements with lighten granules have small bearing power. There are some elements in which the cavities are filled during the building walls with heat-insulating materials such as polystyrene, tervol or with glass wool. There is a patent with official number P-1703/88 YU. This patent introduce us with a special kind of concrete made of stone, bricks and glass with mixing with cement, water glass and water. The hardness of this concrete are relatively small (22MPa)

and their resistance to the low temperatures is bad and that means that their durability is bad too. As we know, water glass is reacting with Ca (OH) 2 So, concrete as environment became acid and that is why the process of hydration will be stopped.

The Essence of the Invention The essence of the invention is the fine grained concrete elements for building walls, girders above the windows and doors and ring beams, which will be produce as several types, such as : -One-chamber (one row of vertical cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for partition walls and horizontal ring beams, with moldings on the flanks -Two-chamber (two raw of vertical cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for external and internal bearing walls and columns with moldings on the flanks -Three-chamber (three rows of vertical cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for external bearing walls and columns with moldings on the flanks -Three-chamber (three rows of vertical bigger cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for bearing walls without moldings on the longer sides but with concavities on the top of the frontispiece (as one possibility) -Three-chamber (three rows of bigger vertical cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for bearing walls without moldings on the longer sides (as another possibility) -One-chamber (one raw of bigger vertical cavities) ceramic concrete elements for partition walls with totally plane longer sides (as one solution) -Radial two-chamber (two raw of vertical bigger cavities-by length) ceramic concrete elements for production of silos, pools and similar cylindrical buildings with totally plan frontispiece and with moldings on the interior side and on the flanks.

Ceramic concrete elements are made on the base of ceramic aggregates produced by burning clay on the principals and by technology of producing rough ceramic with porous material, pure Portland cement, puzzolanic ceramic additives and water. Ceramic concrete elements produced like that is ecologically in range of the rough ceramic and they are steam- free, lightweight, they have better characteristics of heat insulation and noise insulation (than the ordinary concrete elements), their shapes are correct and their bearing power is high The production starts with burning clay chips, after that the chips will be grounded by the 2 mm pieces and that makes the ceramic aggregate for production ceramic concrete which id used <BR> <BR> for-ceramic-concrete elements whichirsubJect-ofthis-irlvention. After the--shaping-faze-th-e- specified cavities of the elements are filled with lightweight insulating concrete which is made from cement, water, fine grounded ceramic and lightweight aggregates such as milled polystyrene, pozder or something similar.

The gauge of three-chamber elements (as basic elements) will be in modules (length : width) 4 : 3, while the gauge of two-chamber elements will be in modules 4 : 2. The gauge of one-chamber elements will be in modules 4 : 1. The cavities (chambers) are designed so that the upper cavity exactly covers lower cavity so that eventually concreting with fine-grained concrete can be done easily. There are two kinds of cavities. The bigger ones are used for filling with insulating materials, and the smaller ones are used for ventilation the wall itself.

The dimensions of the cavities are enlarged because this way the concreting (and eventual reforcing) can be done well and easy. The cavities are completely or partly filled with lightweight insulating concrete, made of milled polystyrene, cement, fine grounded ceramic and water. They can also be filled with lightweight insulating pozder concrete made of pozder, water glass, cement, fine-grounded ceramic and water. The cavities filled that way give to the elements the following characteristics : heat and noise insulation, is good and they are steam-free. The cavities can be filled with some other heat-insulating materials, as example : flat glass. The thinner interior rows of cavities along the element in three and two-

chamber elements give us the possibility of ventilation of the walls, so in the summer the facade can be cooled through the cavities and in the winter warm air can be put in to the cavities, so by circling that air in the cavities we can warm up the wall itself. The cavities will be joined one with others horizontally and vertically, so the ventilation and the circulation of the air through the wall can be done from the specific tops near the floor or near the ceiling. Ceramic elements are joined by gluing, applying a lime-cement-ceramic paste-glue which will be brushed on up to the thickness of 2 mm. Their external appearance is identical because the corresponding moldings on the entire height of the facade certain visual effects, giving shades that prevent facade overheating and enable a good and correct connection of the two neighboring elements. The internal appearance of the elements can be flat too. If the elements are made from ceramic concrete the rendering of exterior or the interior side of the wall can be avoid. Smoothing, grinding and interior painting can be done partly corresponding to requirements. As one of the possibilities, on the top of the frontispiece of the element we can put concavity along the entire height and length of the element, so when the wall is build it has facade joints. The another possibility is to make elements with flat frontispiece and interior side without moldings, but flanks must have grooves and slots.

The Short Description of the Figures For better understanding of the invention itself as well as for demonstration of the practical realization of the invention, there are some figures included in the patent, such as : o Figure 1-shows in axonometric picture the basic idea three-chamber carrying external ceramic concrete element for building with moldings on flanks o Figure 2-shows in axonometric picture the basic idea, two-chamber carrying external ceramic concrete element for building with moldings on its every side o Figure 3-shows in axonometric picture basic idea, one-chamber partition ceramic concrete element for building and for horizontal ring beams with moldings on its every side o Figure 4-shows in axonometric picture three-chamber ceramic concrete element for building without moldings on long sides, but with concavities on the top of the frontispiece, used for making facade joints, as one of the solutions o Figure 5-shows in axonometric picture three-chamber ceramic concrete element for building with flat longer sides, as one of the solutions o Figure 6-shows in axonometric picture one-chamber ceramic concrete element, with flat longer sides, as one of the solutions o Figure 7-shows in axonometric picture radial two-chamber ceramic concrete element for silos, pools, and other cylindrical buildings with flat longer sides and moldings on the flanks a Figure 8-shows the use of the elements (the first row) a Figure 9-shows the use of the elements (the second row) o Figure 10-shows the use of the radial elements in building silos, pools and other cylindrical building o Figure 11-shows the forced ventilation of the external wall for cooling the wall during the summer a Figure 12-shows the forced ventilation of the external wall for mixing or extracting the accumulated warm air during the winter

a Figure 13-shows the technological scheme of the production of ceramic aggregate (granulates) which is basic material in production of fine- grained concrete Disclosure of the Invention Figure 1. Shows us the basic idea : three-chamber, insulating, carrying, facade ceramic concrete element for building (1). This element is consisting of width exterior ceramic concrete wall (2), which by the angle of 45'graduafly change to thinner wall (3) and bigger cavity (4) inside the element itself. These cavities are placed along the entire length of the element in three rows and their are filled with insulating concrete made of milled polystyrene (5) or pozder (6). Joining channels, which are constructed on some of the internal wall (7), joins the cavities placed along the frontispiece and on side of the wall (8), so the appearance of the so-cold cool bridges on the exterior is minimal. There are smaller cavities along the length of the element (9), which provide the ventilation. This cavities are vertically directly joined and horizontally they are joined by smaller horizontal exterior channels (16) or by interior channels (17), see figures 8. And 9. The height of this ceramic element (1) is 14 cm.

The proportion length : width of these elements is 4 : 3. This elements are modular and the suggestion is that module should be 10 cm. The concrete ceramic elements are constructed to enable excellent interconnection and joining, crossing walls with the same or different thickness (see figures 8 and 9). The chambers, cavities (4), (9) and (15) exactly cover each other and that is independent from the masonry bond between two raw of the wall if there is one-module phase shift between the row. Between some of the cavities in interior there are some walls across (18) or along (19) the exterior cavities, or some walls along the center row of cavities. As we are crossing from the width external wall along the element (2) of ceramic element to the thicker wall (3) we can see some moldings on the frontispiece of the element, which are regular along the entire height of the wall (their corresponding is good). This moldings (concavities and convexities) enable a good and correct connection of the two neighboring elements. The corresponding moldings give visual effects and by giving shades prevent overheating the wall during the summer. The walls are built from three-chamber ceramic elements (1) which are joined by gluing, applying a iime-cement-ceramic paste-glue which will be brushed on up to the thickness of 2 mm. These elements are heat and noise insulating, steam-free and carrying (M10). Walls made of this elements can be ventilated to prevent overheating during the summer (11) or to enable mixing and extracting the <BR> <BR> accumulated'warm air dunng me winter' (12) This ventilation is forced by using certain spots near the floor or near the ceiling and that airflow through the opening (9) inside the wall. Using already existing vibrato-machines, which can produce several elements on the concrete runway, produces these elements. After particular hardening of the element, which last for three days, the bigger cavities (4) and the cavities across the elements (15) are filled with lightweight concrete. After several hours the elements are put to the pallets. The pallets have PVC coverage to protect loss of the moisture and to prevent further hardening of the ceramic and the insulating concrete. The construction of the elements themselves makes possible to lay vertical supporters in the walls without the need of concrete forms (figure 8 and 9). The cavity (4) are reinforced with specific section steel and filled with fine-grounded concrete.

The figure 2 shows two-chamber ceramic concrete element for building (12) with two raw of bigger cavities (4) along the entire length of the element. Modular proportion of these elements is 4 : 2, and the thickness is 14 cm. These two-chamber elements are similar to three-chamber elements-The difference is in the width of the elements and in the quantity of the insulating (4) and the ventilating (9) cavities. The cavities across the element are filled with insulating concrete. These two-chamber elements are used for building interior walls, crossing walls and even exterior facade walls in some of the climatic zones.

The figure 3 shows one-chamber element (13) with one row of cavities (4) along the element and a raw of smaller cavities across the element. Modular proportion of these elements is 4 : 1, and the thickness is 14 cm. This elements are completely compatible with two and three-chamber elements. In this one-chamber elements all of the cavities are filled with insulating cement. They are used for crossing walls and for forming the ring beams. The reinforcing of the walls and concreting the cavities with fine-grounded concrete can be done in these elements too (figure 8 and 9).

The figure 4 is showing three-chamber ceramic concrete element (14) for building walls and columns. Modular proportion length : width is 4 : 3 and the element's thickness is 14 cm. This elements are almost equal to basic three-chamber elements, they differ in the fact that they have not mouldings on the frontispiece (3) so they are flat. On the upper section of the frontispiece there is concavity (22) which by one edge (23) moves to a lower part as imitation of the facade joint. The flanks of the element (14) have concavities (3) and convexities (8), as it is on the basic three-chamber element (1). The two-chamber element, as alternative for basic two-chamber element (12), has no mouldings on the longer sides, with concavity on the top of the frontispiece. The three-chamber element's (14) can be changed in to elements for girders above the doors and the windows, by making notches (18) on the walls of exterior cavities (4) and (15), so that way we can get places where we can put the reinforcement.

Observing figure 5 it is visible that three-chamber ceramic concrete element (24) for building walls and supporters had modular proportion, length : width, 4 : 3 and the thickness of the element is 14 cm. The construction of these elements is similar to construction of the basic three-chamber element (1). The difference is in the fact that this element (24) has no mouldings on the frontispiece, the flanks are flat too, but it has concavities and convexities on the flanks (as the element (1)). The construction of the two-chamber element is exactly same and this element is one of the alternatives for element (12). The three-chamber element's (14) can be changed in to elements for girders above the doors and the windows, by making notches (18) on the walls of exterior cavities (4) and (15), so that way we can get places where we can put the reinforcement.

Observing figure 6, it is visible that the one-chamber element (25) for building partition walls has modular proportion, length : width, 4 : 1, and the thickness is 14 cm. The construction of these elements is similar to construction of the basic one-chamber element (13).-The difference is in the fact that'this element (23) has no mouldings on the frontispiece, the interior side is flat too, but it has concavity (3) and convexities (8) on the flanks.

The figure 7 is showing radial ceramic concrete element (26) with two exterior rows of bigger cavities along the entire length of the element (27) and with two rows of smaller cavities along the element (28). There are smaller cavities across the element (29). The exterior cavities (27) are connected with each other by notches (30) on the walls of changeable thickness (31) and by notch (32) on the wall (33). The interior cavity (27) are connected by notch (33) on the walls of changeable thickness (34), and by a notch (35) on the wall (36). The smaller cavities (28) in the central section are connected with horizontal channels (37), (38) and (39) or with channels (40), (41) and (42), which are on the cone walls which separates the chambers (28). The following walls : (43), (44), (45), (46) and (47) of radial element are curved and that makes that the element itself is radial too. The exterior cavities of these elements are filled with heat-insulating polystyrene concrete (, 5) or ponder concrete (6). The cavities on the central section of the exterior side (28) are ventilating cavities, while the cavities on the interior side are for putting vertical reinforcement. The interior cavity (27) and (29) are used for putting the ring carrying reinforcement.

Observing figures 8 and 9, the applying of ceramic concrete three, two and one- chamber elements for building is visible. Figure 8 is showing the first row, figurer 9 is

showing the second wall, etc. It is visible that the interconnections and joining are perfectly right. The phase shift between row must be at least one module (10 cm). The chambers, cavities (4), (9) and (15) exactly cover each other and that is independent from the masonry bond between two raw of the wall, so it is possible to make ring beam or supporter on every section in the wall, without the need of concrete form The vertical ring beams can be reinforced with steel profile (11) with or without binders. The bigger cavity (4) are filled with lightweight insulating concrete (5) or (6). The smaller cavities across the three, two and one-chamber elements are filled with this concrete too, while the cavities (9) in the three and two-chamber elements are connected and they are used for ventilation. That fact fulfilled the physical demands that elements must be steam-free. The elements are joined by gluing, applying a cement-lime-ceramic paste-glue which is brushed up to the thickness of 2 mm.

Cutting one module of the element itself can change the length of some elements.

Observing the figure 10, the way of building with radial elements is visible. This elements are also joined by gluing, applying a cement-lime-ceramic paste-glue which is brushed up to the thickness of 2 mm. When the ring reinforcement is put in to interior cavitv (27) and (29), the cavities are filled with ordinary ceramic concrete (12). When there are 20 to 30 rows the vertical reinforcement is put into interior cavity (28) and these cavities are also filled with concrete with slightly vibration.

The figure 11 is showing functioning way of ventilation through external three- chamber wall, from internal space to external space, which is important during the summer time. This ventilation provides the cooling the walls and extraction of the warm air, which is accumulated near the ceiling, The ventilation is forced by ventilating system consist of ventilator (30), system of closures (31) and of ventilating chamber (cavities) (9) inside the wall itself. The ventilators are placed separately each from another by pre-calculated distance.

The figure 12 is showing the functioning way of ventilation through three-chamber ventilating wall. This ventilation provides the mixing of the air in the room and extracting the accumulated warm air from walls during the winter.

Observing figure 13, the technological process of production of ceramic aggregate is visible. This technology follows the principal of technology of producing the rough ceramic with porous materials (as example : roof tile). This ceramic aggregate is made from the clay with following structure of minerals : Kaof init-20-25%- Ilit 8-10% Chloride in traces Montmorillonit 34% Clay 5-6% Quartz 374û% Carbonates up to 10%.

After the extraction, the clay is put to lie at least six mounts. After that phase follows the phase of mixing the clay, so we can get the mention mineralogy structure of the clay. The clay is mixed in the mill, so that ever-present limestone is milled under 1-mm pieces. The clay, which wetness is 13%, goes to the vacuum press (43), came out as chips thickness (D = 10 mm and 50-100 mm long, goes throughout the month. This mouth is constructed from four shade length d=30 m, which have holes, greater on the interior side (-20 nun), it change to O= 10 mm on the length of 50 mm. The radius of 10 mm of the smaller holes we keep on the whole length of 70 mm. This is the way of production, which provide compression of the clay, which gives good physical-mechanical properties of the ceramic after the burning. After the shaping, the chips are transported to the rotating furnace (44) to preheating on 80 ° C at the beginning, which increase to 600 ° C at the end of rotating

furnace. Burning in rotating furnace (45) on 1000 ° C trough 40 minutes follows the preheating phase. The cooling in rotating pipe, which takes 20 minutes, follows this phase In this phase the clay mass is disinfected and cooled of, so on the central part of the pipe (46) on the temperature of 300 °C we put mixture of Ca (OH) 2 and water in proportion 1 : 10 in to the clay. This mixture penetrates very fast in to the preheated cervical material, which is cooled of during this process and even became more resistant to microorganisms. Now, the chips are milled in the mill with bawl (48). After it was milled, the burned ceramic is sieved on the sieve (49) to fractions 0-0, 09 ; 0, 09-0, 5 ; 0, 5-1, 0 and 1-2 mm. That was the production technology by which we get ceramic fine-grounded aggregate (50). This ceramic aggregate has the following chemical oxydic structure : # Si02 61, 86% a A12°3 1 6, 68% Fe203 5, 76% % o CaO 7, 87% o Mg0 3, 24% # Na, 0, 58% # K20 0, 83% The deviation from given structure can be + 10% in some of the given oxides. The testing of this fine-grounded aggregate gives the following results : o Melting point up to I 1 50°C # Bulk density 1880 kg/m3 # Specific mass 2560 kg/m3 o Water absorption 12, 5 % o Linear shrinking through burning 0-) 8% o Bending tension strength 18, 2 MPa o Compressive strength 45 MPa o Coefficient of thermal conductivity 0, 8 W/mK o Colour from red to yellow a Thermal coefficient 4, 5. 10-6 1/°C o Maximal temperature of burning 1000 °C Some of the given properties can deviate + 10%. Mixing ceramic fine-grounded aggregate (50) with pure Portland cement and water gives ceramic fine-grounded concrete (51), which is highly resistant and durable. The amount of water is defined by a needing consistency.

A specified quantity of water is added which will be absorbed by the ceramic aggregate. The first step is to mix the ceramic aggregate with 60% of needed water during the period of 30 seconds. After that, the pure Portland cement is added to the mixture with rest of the water and at last we add puzzolanic additive (50), fractions 0-0, 09 mm in the quantity of 15% of the cement. The whole mixing last for three minutes.

In the following part of the description, we give some of the names ans'marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the ceramic concrete (51) as well as the example of concrete production (51). mcinkg mass of the cement

mpk in kg mass of the ceramic puzzolanic aggregate (ceramic flour 0-0, 09 mm) mak in kg mass of the ceramic aggregate (granulate) fraction 0, 09-0, 5 ; 0, 5-1, 0 ; 1, 0-2, 0 m,, in kg mass of the water, which is consisting of the free water inside the fresh mixer between the components and the water and water m*v which is already absorbe by ceramic aggregate mvu = mv+m*v mvu=mv+mv=0,3(mc+mpk)+0,1.mak Ysc in kg/m'specific mass of pure Portland cement Ysk inkglm3 specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic-ceramic flour (puzzolanic additive) fraction up to 0, 09 mm. ybk-in kg/m3 specific mass of water (1000 kgím3) γzk in kg/m3 bulk density of ceramic aggregate fraction 0, 09-0, 5 ; 0, 5-1, 0 ; 1, 0-2, 0 Vb in m 3 bulk density of fresh concrete Vc in m 3 absolute volume of cement <BR> <BR> Vpk in m'absolute volume of ceramic puzolanic additive<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> in m, absolute volume of ceramic aggregate (granulate) including the cavities inside the aggregate itself Vm in in volume of water and the remains of the air in the fresh mixture (5-15%) which dictates the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Vb = 1,0=Vc+VpkVak+vrez..................... (1, 0)<BR> Or ;<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> mc m#k mak Vb=1,0= + Vrez...................... (1,0) γsc γsk γzk The components which is known in solving this problem are so that the unknown components are Vak and m ak Vak = 1 - ####### ....................... (2, 0) r5 ru k This gave as that the mass of aggregate is : mak = Vak # γzk..................................... (3,0) which is distributed to the specific fraction in the following percents : M 09-0.5) = 45%; m(0,5-1.0) = 3.0%; m(1.0-2.0) = 25% It is obvious, that the volume of free water is that small that it is present in only 5% volume in compared to the absolute volume of the concrete Vb. These is the way by what we dictate the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture. The mass of water is

calculated to depend of the needed consistency, so that concrete mixture can be mixed well and that mass of water is : mNu= 0, 3 x (mc+mpk)+0,1 msk (4,0) One of the properties of this procedure is that ceramic aggregate must be completely dry. The pressing of mixture will extract the unneeded water.

In the following we gave the example of production of ceramic concrete elements . The known properties in production the quantity of 1 m 3 concrete are : m c = 5 50 kg ; m, k 0, 15. 550 = 82, 5 kg ; γsc = 3000,0 kg/ m 3; γsk = 2560 kg/m3 ; γzk = 1880 kg/m3; Vrez = 5%- reserved space for water and air which automatically dictates the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture.

By the equation (1, 0) Vb=1,0=550/3000 + 82,5/2560 + mak/γzk + 0,05 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Vb=1,0=0,183+0,032+Vak+0,05<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> By the equation (2, 0) V=l- (0, 183+0, 032+0,05)=0,735m3 So, on the end by equation (3, 0) mak=1880 - 0,735 = 1381, 8 kg These represents the mass of completely dry, which will be divide to the fractions of the ceramic aggregate ; m (0, 09-0, 5) = 1381, 8x 0, 45 = 621, 81 kg ; m (0, 5-1, 0) =1381, 8x 0, 3 = 414, 54 kg ; m (1, 0-2, 0) = 1381, 8x 0, 25 = 345, 45 kg so, by equation (4, 0) m= 0, 3 x (550 + 82, 5) + 0, 1 x 1381, 8 = 327, 93 kg The process of mixing pure Portland cement with ceramic fine-grounded aggregate is taking to chemical puzzolanic reactions on the relation of oxides from ceramic fine-grounded <BR> <BR> aggregate (50) such as : SiO2 ; A12°3 Fe203 and Ca (OH) as one of the products of hydration of clinker cement minerals C3S and C, S. These reactions are especially intensive at the following fractions of ceramic aggregate : 0-0, 09 and 0, 09-0, 5mm. Stabile, insoluble chemical compounds like hydro-silicates, hydro-alumnae and calcium-hydro-ferrite are made by this reactions. It live us to conclusion that ceramic fine-grounded aggregate is active, so that increasing of strength of fine-grounded ceramic concrete (51) is provide not only with activity of pure Portland cement, but also with activity of this aggregate (51). The contact zone cement stone-ceramic fine-grounded aggregate is especially good, so that also bring us to the increase of the strength of concrete. I Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 is partly moving to fine-grounded ceramic aggregate (50), and that makes that pH value is base (pH = 12, 5). That will stop the corrosion of the steel in concrete (if it is any). The concentration of stress is minimal in ceramic fine-grounded concrete, because this concertino is the result of present of massive grain in massive-

grounded concrete. The process of increasing the strength of ceramic fine-grounded concrete is very quickly.

The compressive strength after 28 days is 44, 0 MPa, and after 4 years the compressive strength of ceramic fine-grounded concrete increases to 85, 0 MPa, with a tendency to grove further.

Ceramic concrete elements are produced from fine-grounded ceramic concrete by the following procedure : o Ceramic aggregate (51) are measured by the fractions : 621, 81 kg of fraction 0, 09-0, 5 : 414, 54 kg of fraction 0, 5-1, 0 mm : 345, 45 kg of fraction 1, 0-2, 0 mm. o After that these aggregate is mixed with 60% of the mass of water (196, 76 kg) in mixer. a The 550 kg of pure Portland cement is added in to the mixer, as well as the remaining water (131, 17 kg) and finally ceramic aggregate of fraction 0, 0-0, 09 mm is added to the mixture too.

3 The entire process of mixing is last for at least 3 minutes. After that the concrete is put out on the vibrato-press. a Using this press, the ceramic concrete elements (I), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) are made.

Ceramic concrete described in this invention has several advantages in compare with ordinary concrete with stone aggregate. Ecological aspect is one of the most important if we are speaking about residential buildings. Ceramic aggregate made by the technology of rough porous ceramic satisfies the ecological requirements very good, which leads us to conclusion that ceramic concrete has ecological properties same as rough ceramic. The bulk density of this concrete is 1900, 0 kg/m ;' while the bulk density of ordinary concrete is 2400, 0 kgf/mS The heat-insulating characteristics of ceramic concrete is better too, B= 1, 8 W/mK in ordinary concrete while in ceramic concrete it k = 0, 66 W/mK Ceramic concrete is steam-free, factor of resistance of the water vapor is ll= 6. The high increase of the strength of ceramic concrete leave us to the conclusion that these concrete is highly resistant in the aggressive surrounding (the influence of the atmospheric precipitation, acids or something else). The destruction made by these aggressions is smaller than the increase of the strength and that fact guaranties the durability of ceramic concrete. The frost resistance of ceramic concrete is smaller than the frost resistance of the ordinary concrete, but it can be increased with aeration by adding milled polystyrene as additive in ceramic concrete.

Twenty-four hours after the cavity (4), (15) and (27) in the ceramic concrete elements are filled with insulating polystyrene concrete (5). This insulating concrete is made from the following components : o milled polystyrene as aggregate (massiveness should be 5 mm) fine-grounded ceramic (ceramic flour) as puzzolanic additive (fractions less than 0, 01 mm) o pure Portland cement o water The first step in production of polystyrene concrete is to volume measuring of polystyrene in state of looseness (as basic demand), which will be used as aggregate and its massiveness should be less than 5 mm. This polystyrene is put in to resistive mixer. The water is measured by mass compering with absolute volume of milled polystyrene and the water which will be chemically bound and closed in to the gel pore in the moment when the cement hydration is 80% finished. The milled polystyrene is mixing with water in mixer for at least 1/2 minutes (water must enter in to the polystyrene), and just now we add fine-grounded ceramic in to the mixer. Now, the mixing is following for at least 2, 5 minutes. When the mixing is done, the fresh ceramic concrete (5) is transported to the elements (blocks) without segregation, and it is placed in to the cavities by hands or mechanically without vibration.

The physical-mechanical properties of polystyrene concrete depend of bulk density of concrete, so it is referred that the bulk density of concrete should be between 200 and 800 kg/m3. The following presumption must be satisfied in order to produce good polystyrene concrete : o the bulk density of hardened concrete in totally dry state must be known as advance # the specific mass of the cement is known as advance o specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic is known as advance o the absolute bulk density of milled polystyrene is known as advance # bulk density of milled polystyrene in state of looseness is known as advance o water must totally enter in to porous milled polystyrene during the process of mixing o segregation of fresh concrete must be done slowly by hands or mechanically, with press, or by extruder technology In the following part of the description, we give the names and marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the polystyrene concrete : Yb in kg/m3 bulk density of hardened concrete γb,sv in kg/m3 bulk density of fresh concrete muv in kg mass of binder (the whole) which is equal to bulk : density of concrete decreased with mass of polystyrene on the base of the effect in the volume of the concrete mc in kg mass of cement mk in kg mass of fine-grounded ceramic (it should be 30% of the mass mu,-) mmlpol mass of milled polystyrene in, mass of water calculated in volume in proportion to the volume of milled polystyrene (2Q%) of water in proportion of the volume of the milled polystyrene mv* mass of water chemically bond in gel pores of CSH gel in the moment when hydration is 80% finished (it is 0, 315) γsc specific mass mass cement (3000 kg/m3) wYSk specific mass of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0, 1 mm (2560 kg/m3) specific mass of water (1000 kgfm') (absolute) bulk density of milled polystyrene, massiveness less than 5, 0 mm (15, 0 kg/m3) Vm,. pol. in m3 absolute volume of milled polystyrene, massiveness less then 5, 0 mm Vml.pol.ras in m3 volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness, massiveness less than 5, 0 mm (Vmi. pol. is three times greater than Vml.pol.ras.) Vc in m3 volume of cement V) in m3 volume of ceramic Vb in m3 volume of concrete Vv in m3 volume of water The calculations of the needed components of polystyrene concrete, with known bulk density of the concrete oh is given in the equation :

where Vmi. is the volume of milled polystyrene and is the volume of cementing material.

The volume is not in this equation from the reason that water does not enter porous milled polystyrene and does not surround the powder of cement and of fine-grounded ceramic.

Mass of whole cementing material is : m, + mk (6, 0) Or : muv = γb - mv* - mml.pol.;.....................................(7,0) Or : It is visible from the equation that Which means that we are at the safe side, because we get a bigger mass mi ans volume but it is compressible. That means that the volume of cementing materials can provide its own place inside the volume of polystyrene concrete Vb.

Written otherwise : So, we are forming system of two equation with two unknowns in, 0, 7 <BR> <BR> 2)........................................................ mu 0, 3 7b 1) mc + 0, 76 x mk = 0, 76 x tSb-0, 76 x (1 - ------) x γzp .....................(12, 0) Ysc 0, 7 <BR> <BR> <BR> _<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 0, 3 Finally we get : fb mk = 0, 246 x [Yb- (1 - ------) x γzp] ............................ (14, 0) use

Yb m, =0,573 x [yb- (1 - ------) x γzp............................(15, 0) Ysc Absoute volume of milled polystyrene is calculated by equation : Me mk ---- + ------) .........................(16,0) γsc γsk While mass of milled polystyrene by : m pol. = Vml.pol. x γzp ................................(17, 0) From practical reasons the milled polystyrene is measured by volume in state of looseness, so volume is : Vml.pol.mst. = 3 x Vml.pol. .......................................(18,0) Written otherwise : me mu Vm, pol.rast. = 3 x [1 - (----- + ------)] .................(19, 0) Ysc Ysk The mass of water is calculated by : in, = mu + 0, 2 x Vml pol. X γsv............................ (20, 0) mc mk mv = 0, 315 x me + 0, 2 [1-(------ + ------)] x γsv ..........(20, 0) γso Ysk γb. = me + in,, + mV + mml.pol. -bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete The control of said calculation is the following the sum of masses of the components of polystyrene concrete must be equal to bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete. This means that the sum of absolute volumes of cement, fine-grounded ceramic and milled polystyrene must be equal to the volume of the element.

Yb = me + mk + m@v + mml.pol. -the first criteria + +-the second criterium Ysc Ysk Yzp In the following we give two examples of said calculation, with γb = 200 kg/m3 and γb = 800 kg/m3.

# The first example yb = 200 kg/M3 : 200 in, = 0, 573 x [200- xi 3000

me = 106, 58 kg-mass of pure Portland cement PC 45 200 mk= 0, 246 x [200- (I--) x 15] 3000 mk = 45, 75 kg-mass of fine grounded ceramic Fractions less then 0, 1 mm 106, 58 45, 75 Vml.pol. = 1 - (------ + ------) = 0, 946 m3 3000 2560 mml.pol. = 0, 946 x 15 = 14, 19 kg-mass of milled polystyrene massiveness less than 5 mm Vml.pol.rast. = 0, 946 x 3 = 2, 84 m3-volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness mv = 0,315 x 106, 58 + 0, 2 x 0, 946 x 1000 = 222, 77 kg-mass of water γb. (b., = 106, 58 + 45, 758 + 222, 77 + 14, 19 = 389, 29-bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete The control : γb = 106, 58 + 45, 75 + 0, 315 x 106, 58 + 14, 19-the first criteria 200 kg/m3 3 200,09m3 - the needed bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete 106, 58 45, 75 14, 19 Vb = 1 = ------ + ------ + ------ - the second criterium 3000 2560 15 1 m3 # 0, 999 m # The example when yb = 800, 0 kg/m3 : 800 mc = 0,573 [800- (1-) x 151 = 452, 10 kg-mass of cement 3000 800 mk = 0, 246 [800- (1-) x 15] = 194, 10 kg-mass of fine 3000 grounded ceramic 452, 10 194, 10 Vomi. pol. = 1 - (------ + ------) = 0, 77 m3-absolute volume of 3000 2560 milled polystyrene in concrete mimi. pol. = 0,77 x 15 = 11, 55 kg-mass of milled polystyrene

Vomi. St = 3 x 0, 77 = 2, 31 m3-volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness m, = 0, 315 x 452, 10 + 0, 2 x 0, 77 x 1000 = 296, 41 kg-mass of water Yb. = 452, 10 + 194, 10 + 296, 41 + 11, 55 = 954, 16 kg/m3-bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete The control : Yb = 452, 10 + 194, 10 + 0, 315 x 452, 10 + 11, 55-the first criteria 800 kg/m3 # 800,16 kg/m3 the needed bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete 452, 10 194, 10 11, 55 Vb I + +-the second criterium 3000 2560 15, 0 1 998 It is important to know, if the mass of said concrete is increased, the mechanical characteristics will increase too, but thermo-insulating characteristics is decreased, and invert.

Insulating polystyrene concrete, which is the subject of this claim with bulk density of P = 200 kglm3 has following characteristics : o Coefficient of thermal conductivity # = 0, 055 W/mK o Noise-insulating characteristics (air noise) are similar to said characteristics of ordinary concrete.

# Polystyrene concrete is steam-free, but it is not hygroscope-the coefficient of vapour diffusion is, u= 9. o Said concrete is ductile with distinctly plastic deformations. o It is highly inflammable. a Durability o Compressive strength of polystyrene concrete is 0, 3 MPa.

The cavities (4), (15), (27) and (29) of the elements, which are the subject of this patent, can be filled with insulating pozder concrete (6) too. Pozder concrete is made of following materials : o Milled pozder, which is industrial waste in manufacturing hemp (pozder is milled stem of the hemp). o Fine-grounded rough ceramic (ceramic flour) as puzzolanic additive fractions less than o, 1 mm o Pure Portland cement PC45 as binder o Water glass (Na20 x SiO2 or K, O x SiO,) o Water In production of pozder concrete the first step is to measure the pozder in state of looseness. After that the pozder is saturated with water, so that moisture of pozder must be 100 %. Now pozder is drained during 15 minutes. Moist pozder is put into concrete mixer with forced mixing and during the mixing water glass (mixed with water irr proportion 1 : 1) is put into mixer. Water glasses neutralists pozder and provides cement to bind to pozder. Mass

of water glass is equal to 5% of mass of pozder. After one minute of the mixing, 20% of pure Portland cement and 20% of fine-grounded ceramic are added into mixer (addition must be slow) and we are mixing for 3 more minutes. This mixing provides a quick chemical reaction between cement, water and water glass and as one of the results of this chemical reaction cement is pilling over pozder as thin film. After this treatment pozder is laid of for 24 hours, but periodically we will mix it. After all of these, pozder is ready to be used in production of pozder concrete. In production of said concrete one of the most important conditions is that pozder is must be 100% moist. The components of the pozder concrete are put into mixer in following order : pozder, an amount of water, which is need to mixing, cement and ceramic puzzolanic additive (ceramic flour). After 3 minutes of mixing, pozder concrete is flowed or pumped into cavities (4), (15), (27) and (29) in the elements, with slightly compaction, but without vibration. Levelling of the concrete must be light too. The physical-mechanical characteristics of pozder concrete (6) depends of bulk density (as it is the case at polystyrene concrete), so we insist on small bulk density, because thermo-insulating characteristics is better than. Bulk density of hardened pozder concrete (6) is from 400 to 800 kg/m-3. The following presumption must be satisfied in order to produce good pozder concrete : o The bulk density of hardened pozder concrete (6) in totally dry state must be known as advance.

Q The specific mass of the pure Portland cement is known as advance. a Specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic-puzzolanic additive is known as advance.

# Bulk density of pozder is known as advance. a Before the phase of production concrete, pozder is must be 100 % moist, so it would not take out the water from concrete mixture. Vibrations must be avoided o Segregation of fresh concrete must be done slowly by hands or mechanically.

In the following part of the description, we give the names and marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the pozder concrete : Yb in kglm bulk densib of hardened concrete γb,sv in kg/m3 bulk density of fresh concrete m, in kg mass of binder (the whole) which is equal to bulk density of concrete decreased with mass of dry pozder and with mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores (muv*) mo in kg mass of cement me=0, 7 x muv mk in kg mass of fine-grounded ceramic mk=o, 3 X mUv mp in kg mass of milled pozder measured in the way that provides that sum of masses of cement, fine grounded rough ceramic, pozder, chemically bonded water and water in gel pores (muv*) must be equal to mass of concrete mv, in kg mass of water glass m, =0, 03 x mp mu, * in kg mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores m. in kg mass of water calculated in volume in proportion to the volume of concrete and milled pozder sc in kg/m3 specific mass of cement (3000 kg/m) 7, k- in ktm3 specific mass of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0, 1 mm (2560 kglm3) in kg/m3 specific mass of water (1000 kg/m3)

X zp in kg/m3 (absolute) bulk density of milled pozder (I 70, 0kglm') Vroz in m3 volume of reserved space (5%-15%) Vc in m3 volume of cement Vk in m3 volume of ceramic Vb in m'volume of concrete Vv in m3 volume of water Hp in % moisture of pozder The calculations of the needed components of concrete, which bulk density known advance, is given in the following equations : 0, 7 x mu,. 0, 3 x M, m ? ------ + ---------- + ------ + Vrez = 1 (1) ........... (21, 0) Ysc Ysk Yzp inu, + mp + 0, 315 x 0, 7 x muv = γb (2) ......... (22, 0) Where muE = in, + mk, mC = 0, 7 x muv and mk = 0,3 x muv ; and Vrez = 5% So, as solutions we got : muv = 0, 86 x γb - 138, 69-mass of binder (whole)........... (23, 0) mp = γb - 1,22 muv - mass of pozder ............. (24, 0) Me = 0, 7 x muv - mass of cement mk = 0,3 x muv - mass of fine grounded ceramic fractions less than 0, 1 mm m.,. = 0, 315 x mo - mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores mv = 0, 315 x mc + 0,3 x muv - mass of in,,,-mass water which water which into mixer, with condition that pozder is 100% moist The bulk density of fresh pozder concrete is : γb,sv = mc + mk + mp + mv + Hp x mp...........................(25,0) The control of said calculation is the following : the sum of masses of the components of polystyrene concrete must be equal to bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete. This means that the sum of absolute volumes of cement, fine-grounded ceramic and milled polystyrene must be equal to the volume of the element.

γb = mo + mk + mp + 0, as the first criteria (2670) Vb +-+-+ 0, 05 = 1, as the second criteria .... (27, 0) Ysc Ysk hp The first step is to prepare the aggregate (pozder), so it is necessary to prepare next components (by their masses):

mp-mass of dry pozder mc-0, 2 x mc-mass of cement m*k - 0,2 x mk - mass of fine grounded ceramic mvs - 5% x mp - mass of water glass in treatment of pozder The process of the treatment of the aggregate-pozder is already given.

In the following we give two example of said calculation, with Y b= 200 kg/m3 and γb = 800 kg/m3.

# The first example γb = 400 kg/m3 MUNI = 0, 86 x 400-I38, 69 muv = 205,31 kg mp = 400 - 1,22 x 205,31 mp = 149, 52 kg me = 0, 7 x 205, 31 = 143, 72 kg mk =0,3 x 205,31, = 61, 59 kg m*v = 0,315 x 143, 72 = 45, 27 kg mv = 0,315 x 143,72 + 0,3 x 205,31 = 106,86 kg γg,xv = 143, 72 + 61, 59 + 149, 52 + 106, 86 = 461, 69 kg/m' The control : Yb = 143, 72 + 61, 59 + 149, 52 + 0, 315 x 143, 72 400 kg/m3 # 400,1 kg/m3 143, 72 61, 59 149, 52 Vb = 1 = ---------- + ---------- + ---------- + 0,05 3000 2560 170 Vb = 0, 048 + 0, 024 + 0, 88 + 0, 05 Vb = 1, 00 m3 Which means that this way of calculations is good.

In the phase of aggregate treatment it is necessary to prepare the following components by mass : mp - 149, 52 kg-mass of pozder m*c - 0, 2 x 143, 72 = 28, 74 kg-mass of cement m*k - 0, 2 x 61, 59 = 12, 32 kg-mass of ceramic m+-0, 05 x 149, 52 = 7, 47 kg-mass of water glass # The second example yb = 800 kg/m3 muv = 0, 86 x 800-138, 69 m. = 549, 31 kg mp = 800-1, 22 x 549,31 mp = 129, 84 kg m, = 384, 52 kg mk = 164, 79 kg m. v= 0, 315 x 384, 52 = 121, 12 kg

mv = 121, 12 + 0, 3 x 549, 31 = 285, 91 kg /b. sv=129, 84+384, 52+164, 79+285, 91=865, 06 The control : γb = 384,52 + 164, 79 + 129, 84 + 0, 315 x 384, 52 800 kg/m3 # 800, 27 kg/m3 384, 52 164, 79 129, 84 Vb= 1 =----+-+-+0, 05 3000 2560 170 Vb = 0, 1 9 8 + 0, 064 + 0, 76 + 0, 05 Vh = 1, 00 m3 Which means that this way of calculations is good.

In the phase of aggregate treatment it is necessary to prepare the following components by mass : mP = 129, 84 kg-mass of pozder m. = 0, 2 x 384, 52 = 76, 90 kg-mass of cement m. k = 0, 2 x 164, 79 = 32, 96 kg-mass of ceramic mv = 0, 05 x 129, 84 = 6, 49 kg-mass of water glass Production of pozder concrete in said limits of bulk density between 400 kg/m'and 800 kg/m3 is consisting of two phases. The first phase is preparing pozder as aggregate, so that process of hydration and hardening of concrete can be provide. The masses of components are measured ; the mass of pozder (mp) in dry state must be between 149, 52 and 129, 84 kg, fractions between 2 and 10 mm. Pozder is put into water for 2 hours, so that moisture of pozder must be 100%. After that, pozder is dried off during 15 minutes and put into a mixer with forced mixing. Water glass (Na20 x SiO2 or K20 x Six2) is put into mixer too during the mixing. Mass of pozder is equal to 5% of mass of pozder, which means that it should be between 7, 47 and 6, 49 kg, and before in is put into mixer water glass is mixed with water in proportion 1 : 1.

In first minute of the mixing in mixer thin water film is forming around the granules of pozder. Now, 20% of cement is put into mixer, which means mass from 28, 74 to 76, 90 kg of pure Portland cement, as well as 20% of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0, 1 mm, which means mass from 12, 32 to 32, 96 kg of fine grounded ceramic (ceramic flour).

The mixing must not stop during the whole process. Around the granules of pozder thin film of cement and ceramic is formed, and quickly after that the process of hydration of cement is starting. The whole mixing last at least for 5 minutes. When the mixture is ready, it is put to lie of for at least 24 hours in state of looseness, and now the process of preparation of the pozder is finished.

The phase of concrete production are takes few steps. The first step is putting the prepared pozder mixture into mixer (mass of pozder (rnp) is between 149, 42 and 129, 84 kg) with condition that this mass must be increased with 20% of masses of cement and ceramic (in, * and mu*), which is amount between 41, 06 and 109, 86 kg. Mass of pozder must be also increased with mass of water, which is present in pozder. So, mass of pozder as aggregate, which is put into mixer, is between :

149, 52+41, 06=190, 58kg + Hp x 149, 52 and 129, 84+109, 86=239, 7kg + Hp (%) x 129, 84.

In this part, the 30% of whole water are measured into mixer during the mixing itself, which means the amount from 32, 06 to 85, 77kg of water. The remaining 80% of cement (mass between 114, 97 and 371, 62kg of cement) and ceramic (mass between 49, 27 and 131, 83kg of ceramic) is put into mixer too, as well as the remaining 70% of water (mass between 74, 80 and 200, 14kg of water). The entire process of mixing is last at least for 5 minutes, and after that fresh pozder concrete is transported to moulds without danger from segregation, when concrete is mechanically or by hands mounted into moulds with slightly compacting. Compacting last to step when concrete is totally compacted into known volume.

Concrete can be also mounted by extruder technology.

Potential application of the invention in industry and elsewhere Application of the invention is possible as totally prefabricated system, starting with production of ceramic aggregate (granulate) through production of fine-grounded ceramic concrete, which is mounted into ceramic concrete elements mentioned in this invention (1, 12, 13, 14, 25 and 26) by using machines. Insulating concrete 5 and 6 (polystyrene concrete and pozder concrete) can be prefabricated and mounted into cavities (4), (15), (27) and (29) of the elements (1), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) in even minor cement plants.