The portable monitor of the present invention is useful in the fighting of fires in forested or rural en¬ vironments, however this is not its exclusive use. The device according to the invention can be used in certain urban fire fighting situations and indeed, in many situa¬ tions not related to fighting fires but where it is desired for environmental purposes (cleaning, cooling, irrigating, etc.) to control the dispersal of pressurized water.

The three desirable characteristics of the port¬ able water monitor are stability, low weight, and articula¬ tion. Clearly the greater the water flow, the more effective the monitor. There does exist however, a direct relationship between water flow and the reactive force which acts back through the nozzle. As flow increases so does reactive force. The problem that this reactive force can cause for a portable water monitor is that the more the nozzle is pointed away from the vertical axis, the more is the increase in the horizontal force vector. This horizon¬ tal force component could result in not only upsetting the monitor by tipping but also in moving the monitor along the ground in a sliding action. Previous proposals to overcome the stability problem with portable monitors has been to increase the total weight of the unit, to provide for the attachment of the unit to an external anchor point, to increase the base area of the unit and to lower, through the plumbing arrangement, the thrust point through which the nozzle sprays. The lowering of the thrust point attempts to ensure that the reactive force vector acts through the unit's base. There exists therefor a contra¬ diction in that, in order to be suitable for portability, the monitor and its plumbing should be of light weight, whereas in order to provide a stable base unit, the base should have a heavy weight.

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The factor of nozzle articulation, also bears on weight and stability. To be effective a water monitor nozzle must be capable of movement in both the horizontal and elevation directions. Since a metal tube carrying pressurized water cannot be bent readily, it is necessary, with conventional monitors, to provide a sealed axis for each desired articulation. This is accomplished with a multitude of curved tubing and seal arrangements. A cer¬ tain compactness has been achieved in some designs by clever plumbing arrangements but these have, in the main, paid the price of weight and complexity and high production cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to provide a compact, stable, light weight unit, which can be deployed in a number of situations.

Accordingly the present invention provides a portable fire fighting monitor comprising a base member; fluid input conduit means for the base member; a vertical axis swivel action coupling having a lower part and an upper part, said coupling being operatively connected at its lower part to said fluid input conduit means and being operatively connected at its upper part to a fluid output conduit means; a ball and socket coupling operatively connected to said fluid output conduit means; a monitor nozzle operatively connected to an outer end of the ball and socket coupling; means to elevate and depress the nozzle relative to the base member on the ball and socket coupling; and control means to rotate the nozzle and the ball and socket coupling relative to the base member on the swivel action coupling about the vertical axis of the coupling.

If desired, the monitor may include means to offset position, or skew, the nozzle relative to the swivel action coupling, on the ball and socket coupling.

In a preferred form of the device according to the invention, the swivel action coupling has a 360°

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turning capability to enable the nozzle and the ball and socket coupling to be completely rotated about the vertical axis of the coupling by the means to rotate the nozzle and the ball and socket coupling. Conveniently the base member is an essentially hollow structure of generally circular configuration having upper and lower surfaces joined by a peripheral wall, and means to permit filling and emptying of at least a major part of the hollow structure with water to impart stability to the base member. Filling may be effected automatically when the monitor is used, e.g. by the provision of a water line connected to fill the base member and controlled by a float valve therein to shut off the water line when the base member is full. The means to rotate the nozzle and the ball and socket coupling relative to the base member preferably includes a platform mounted for rotation about the vertical axis, above and generally parallel to the upper surface, and operatively connected on the one hand to the swivel action coupling and adapted, on the other hand, to run on circumferential track means adjacent an outer edge of the upper surface.

In one embodiment of the present invention the device is manually controlled and it further includes a manually operable control arm means attached to the nozzle and operable to rotate the nozzle, the ball and socket coupling, and the platform, about the coupling vertical axis, on the track. The manually operable control arm may be used as the means to elevate and depress the nozzle. Suitably a means to offset position the nozzle may comprise a vertically oriented pivotal connection between the platform and the nozzle which vertically oriented pivotal connection is radially spaced from the coupling vertical axis, locking means may be provided to secure the nozzle guide means to the platform.

In a different embodiment of the present inven¬ tion the device may be power operated. Here the means to

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rotate the nozzle and the ball and socket coupling relative to the base member may suitably further include a motor mounted on the platform, which motor is drivingly connected to a friction drive means which engages the track adjacent the outer edge of the upper surface.

The means to elevate and depress the nozzle may comprise a substantially telescopically extending - and - retracting drive element, the drive element being connected at one end to the platform and, at its other end pivotally to the nozzle, whereby extension of the drive element causes the nozzle to move on the ball and socket coupling to depress the nozzle and retraction of the drive element causes the nozzle to move on the ball and socket coupling to elevate the nozzle. Conveniently the drive element may be an electri¬ cal linear actuator.

In one preferred form of the invention the means to elevate and depress the nozzle may be remotely controll¬ ed and further remotely controlled means may be provided to govern a flow control actuator and a spray pattern control actuator for the nozzle. Conveniently the remote control may be a radio control or in addition, a hard wire control may be provided, capable of overriding the radio control and taking over the operation of the device. According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a ball and socket coupling for use in a pressure fluid transmission system comprising a hollow part-spherical coupling first member, and an embracing

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coupling second member, adapted; to receive said first member in fluid tight relation, and permitting relative motion with two degrees of freedom between the first and second members. The invention further provides in a coupling for use in a pressure fluid transmission system, which coupling is of the type in which a ball shaped swivel coupling part is received in fluid tight relation in a socket part, the improvement wherein the spherical outer surface of the ball shaped part is formed of a smaller diameter near its discharge end than at its inner end.

The following is a description by way of example of certain embodiments of the present invention reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electrically operated monitor;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the device shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side elevation, partly broken away to show the hydraulic and mechanical connections;

Figure 3a is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a detail of Figure 3;

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a manually operated monitor; Figure 5 is a sectional view showing a further type of ball and socket joint.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The monitor 10 comprises a base member 11 which is an essentially hollow structure of generally toroidal configuration made in one piece from rotationally molded plastic material having upper and lower surfaces, 12, 13, joined by a peripheral wall 15. The lower surface 13 is of as large a diameter as is convenient, in order to provide a wide ground engaging surface. The base member has a major section 17 formed as a hollow doughnut structure which can be filled with the water to substantially increase the weight of the unit and to provide stability for the device

in the field. The base member is provided with a plurality of holes 14 around it's upper periphery to permit the entrance or exit of air as the base is emptied or filled. Any suitable valve, port, or aperture, may be provided for filling and emptying the section 17. Here is shown float valve assembly 9 which, when pressurized water is provided to the main intake 21, will direct water to fill the base until the valve is closed by the float 8 as the water reaches the top. The section 17 defines a semi- circular entranceway 18 which terminates in a cylindrical center post 20. A fluid (usually water) input conduit 21 is positioned along the entranceway 18 and is provided at its outer end with a suitable hose coupling closed by a plug 25 when not in use. The conduit 21 is generally horizontal and at its inner end is integral with a lower elbow 31, of a vertical axis swivel action coupling 30. The coupling has an upper part, seen here as an upper rotating elbow 32 on an output conduit 33. The fixed lower conduit 21 and the movable upper conduit 33 are connected together by a sealed rotary bearing connection 34. The upper elbow 32 is capable of total 360° rotation in the bearing connection 34. The upper conduit 33 terminates in a male threaded outer sur¬ face and an inner surface which contains a low-friction seal and defines a socket 42 upon which the ball end 41 of a ball and socket coupling 40 may be seated. The socket 42 is screw threaded onto the output conduit 33 and the ball is sealed between the seal 38 of the output conduit and the seal 37 within the socket. The ball and socket 40 as best seen in Figure 3 is specially configured to reduce the size and weight of the coupling and to enable the nozzle to be attached closer to the ball. The ball 41 itself has been made so that it has a spherical surface 35 of smaller diameter near its discharge end than the diameter 36 of the spherical surface of its other part, near the inner end of the ball and socket. The socket 42 is dimensioned at seals 37 and 38

to accommodate the differences in the diameters of the surfaces of the ball parts, and to provide for ease of operation and maintenance of secure fluid tight relation¬ ship of the ball 41 within the socket 42. The smaller diameter ball surface 35 extends over a similar arc as the larger diameter ball surface 36. Indeed each surface 35, 36 is preferably arranged to extend over 50° to 60° arcs subtended at the ball center. Operatively connected to the outer end of the ball and socket coupling is a monitor nozzle 50. The monitor nozzle may be any suitable standard nozzle and as shown in this example is a nozzle known generally as an automatic nozzle. The model illustrated here is patterned on the model HTFT-V manufactured by Task Force Tips Inc. of Valparaiso, Indiana, U.S.A. suitably modified to conduct electronic, instead of manual, control. Control of the positioning of the nozzle 50 is by means of an electric motor 48 which may be remotely controlled by a radio controller, or as is known in the art, by hard wiring from a remote switch. Mounted for rotation with the output conduit 33 is a dished circular platform of plate member 55. The plate member 55 is vertically spaced from the upper surface 12 of the base member 11 for rotation generally parallel and relative thereto. At the front end the plate member 55 is bolted to horizontal surface of the output conduit 33.

A circumferential track 57 encircles the upper periphery of the upper surface 12 of the base member 11, and an electric motor 48 (such as made by Pittman Motor, Harleysville, PA, U.S.A.) positioned on a peripheral flange of the plate member drives a friction wheel 49 around the track 57 to drive the plate member 55 completely through 360° to rotate the nozzle 50 about the vertical axis of the swivel action coupling 30.

Mounted on and upstanding from, the upper surface of the plate member 55 are a pair of brackets 56, one on either side of the ball and socket coupling. Pivotally mounted on each bracket 56 along the horizontal center line

61 of the ball coupling 40 are V-shaped cranked elevation arms 62. At its outer end 63 each elevation arm is bolted to the nozzle 50 (thus providing three point support of the nozzle, the ball and socket coupling 40 being the third point) while the opposite ends 64 of the elevation arms are coupled by a connecting rod 65. Connected between the center of connecting rod 65 and a mount bracket 66 which is bolted to plate member 55 is a linear actuator 67 which controls elevation of the nozzle. This linear actuator 67 is a standard item such as is supplied by Motion Systems

Corp. of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, U.S.A. Extension of this actuator 67 will cause depression of the nozzle 50 and retraction of the actuator will cause elevation of the nozzle. It will be noted that the reaction force from the operation of the nozzle 50 will, in most positions be through the base and in the more elevated positions, through the wide bottom 13 of the base. This provides great stability to the monitor in the field, particularly when the base is filled with water.

Conveniently, the underside of the bottom plate 13 of the base may be roughened or provided with a number of small V-shaped protrusions to increase the resistance of the base to sliding motion over the ground by the monitor due to the reactive forces of the watv≥r, when in operation on a smooth surface. This lessens the necessity to anchor the base to an external point.

As seen in Figure 3, a similar linear actuator 68 is mounted on the nozzle to control the volume flow of the nozzle. In a shelf standard version of the nozzle a manu¬ ally operated lever, is provided. Actuator 67 and linkage

62 provide for remote control. To automatically effect the spray pattern control, which in the standard automatic nozzle is controlled by a ring, a further linear actuator, or the like, device 69, is provided. Both linear actuator 68 and 69 may be remotely controlled similarly to the actuator 67 and the motor 48.

Electronics box enclosure 71 contains the remain¬ der of the three main electrical components (not shown) necessary for control of the unit, which are: battery, radio receiver and electronics control system. In prefer- red embodiments, the electronics control system is software based with all electronic control components mounted on a printed circuit board. On the outside of the electronics box 71 is provided a two position switch wired for "remote" and "local". When "remote" position is selected, the PCB control board is connected to an antenna 73 and may now control all four nozzle movements via signals received from a remote hand held control transmitter. When "local" posi¬ tion is selected, nozzle movements are controlled by a hand held controller which is directly wired to the electrical box.

Also showing in Figure 3 is a top cover 75 which mounts upon appropriate brackets (not shown) on plate mem¬ ber 55 which mainly serves to protect the upper parts of the unit from water or from airborne contaminants such as smoke or ^* dirt. This top cover 75 is provided with a slot

77 through which the end of the nozzle 50 extends and which is elongated in the vertical plane to allow for elevation and depression movements of the nozzle. A suitable flex¬ ible cover or boot (not shown) is attached to the nozzle on one end and to the top cover on the other such that it will maintain the outer seal but will allow for the movement of the nozzle.

Turning now to Figure 4, there is shown a manu¬ ally operated version of the device of Figures 1 to 3. The base 11, plumbing, including conduits 21 and 33, swivel action coupling 30, ball and socket connection 40, and monitor nozzle 50 are essentially the same as in the pre¬ viously described version.

It will be noted that the friction drive wheel 49 and motor 48 have been replaced by rollers 80 which engage the outer periphery of the upper surface 12, and, of course, all electrical parts shown in Figures 1 to 3 are

omitted, as is the top cover 75 since the remaining compon¬ ents are no longer in need of protection. Upon removal of these features specific to the electronic version the two main features that are added to the manual version are (1) a manual control arm and (2) the means to allow the nozzle to be moved about the vertical axis of the ball and socket coupling 40 (such motion to be referred to as "offset posi¬ tion").

The manual control arm assembly 90 as seen in Figure 4 is simply an extension of the V-shaped elevation arms 62 shown in Figure 3 which provide the operator with greater leverage for nozzle manipulation and give a means to control nozzle rotation and elevation from a standing position. The offsetting or skewing of the nozzle 50 per¬ mits the reaction force from the pressurized water emitted from the nozzle to cause continuous rotation of the nozzle and all the upper mechanisms to which it is connected. This feature would be used in a situation where it is de- sired to soak the entire 360° area surrounding the unit without the need of an operator to rotate the nozzle manu¬ ally. In Figure 4, bracket 56 with spaced upright side- arms, (which bracket in the electric version was permanent¬ ly fixed to the plate member 55) is instead pivotally con- nected to the plate member 55 at 95 such that for normal operation the nozzle 50 can be clamped in the "straight ahead" or radial orientation by a wing nut 96 that engages a bolt passing through a curved slot 97 in the bracket 56. To offset the nozzle 50, wing nut 96 is loosened, the nozzle is offset positioned by swivelling the bracket 56 about the pivot 95 and the wing nut 96 is re-tightened. In the horizontal plane as viewed from above, it will be understood that the thrust vector acting back through the center line of the nozzle no longer passes through the axis of the swivel action coupling 30, but is skewed, thus resulting in a force component or moment which rotates the nozzle.

Figure 5 shows an alternative form of ball and socket coupling to that shown in Figure 3. Here, the ball

170 is formed from a hollow part-spherical first member 171 which is screw threaded or otherwise attached at 172 to the output conduit 174. An embracing coupling socket 175, receives the part-spherical coupling 171 in fluid tight relationship. Sealing rings 177, 178 frictionally and sealingly engage with the ball member 170. The arrangement permits two degrees of freedom of movement between ball 170 and socket 175. In the configuration shown, the ball 170 is fixed to the output conduit 174, and the socket 175 moves relatively to the ball 170, carrying the nozzle (not shown) with it. The nozzle inner end is depicted by the dotted line 180.

As will be seen, the socket 175 is made of two parts, an outer piece 181 which carries the sealing ring 177 and an inner piece 184 which threadedly engages with the outer piece 181 and carries the inner sealing ring 178. The inner piece 184 is configured at 187 to receive the inner end of the nozzle

It will be appreciated that the device according to the present invention gives to the operator the ability of providing high gallonage of water in a variety of tactical situations to irrigate, or combat a fire. The device, for example, may be deployed to a suitable fire site where it can be set up with the nozzle in the offset position to continuously rotate and soak down an entire circular area of ground. Alternatively, it can be pre-programmed to electrically wet down a 180° arc in the path of a fire, or indeed to cover whatever sweep of arc is desired. The device, being positioned on a sturdy stable base, which may be water filled, is not likely to move from its set position.

A fog or spray pattern can be selected for the nozzle and consequently a variety of types of wetting operation can be obtained. When connected to the remote radio control device the whole operation of the monitor can, in its automatic configuration, be controlled from a helicopter or a safe position on the ground or, if hard

wired, can be controlled by a remote operator and thus the invention provides the forest fire fighter with a unique tool giving him the versatility of adapting his tactics of fighting the fire to the conditions of the fire.