| GB804883A | 1958-11-26 | |||
| DE1454878A1 | 1969-02-20 | |||
| US3060921A | 1962-10-30 | |||
| FR2468850A1 | 1981-05-08 | |||
| FR2563324A1 | 1985-10-25 | |||
| DE2138400A1 | 1973-02-08 | |||
| US4393815A | 1983-07-19 | |||
| DE2061435A1 | 1972-06-22 | |||
| US2781756A | 1957-02-19 |
| 1. | What is claimed is: An apparatus for direct heating of a liquid by hot gases avoiding the discharge of pollutants into the environ¬ ment, comprising means for holding a liquid containing an absorbant, said holding means including an outflow opening f the introduction of hot gases; burner means having a burning chamber situated above the holding means, elongated tubular means arranged within said holding means having a hot gas inl and a hot gas outlet, the hotgas inlet being connected to th burner means, at least the hot gas outlet of the tubular mean extending into the liquid; and means located within the hot g tube for generating a suction effect directed into the liquid said suction effect means also effecting turbulent motion of the hotgases within the liquid for mixing and heating of sai liquid and removal of pollutants by said absorbant. |
| 2. | An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the mea for generating the suction effect is provided adjacent to the hot gas tube outlet. |
| 3. | An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the mea for generating" a suction effect is a turbine in combination a opera ively associated with guide tube means. |
| 4. | An apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein said turbine is connected to a drive means through a drive shaft, said drive shaft is surrounded by said guide tube means and wherein a flame tube leads to and is connected to said guide tube means. |
| 5. | An apparatus for direct suction of gasses into a liquid to avoid the discharge of pollutants into the environ¬ ment, comprising tank means containing a liquid with an absorbant, a gas tube arranged within said tank means having gas inlet and gas outlet, the gas inlet being connected to a guide tube, an outflow opening provided within the tank mean for entry of the gases, at least the gas outlet of the guide tube passing through the outflow opening and dipping into th liquid; and means provided adjacent to the guide tube for generating a suction effect directed into the liquid and for effecting turbulent motion of the gases with the liquid. |
| 6. | An apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, wherein said me for generating a suction effect is turbine driven by drive means in combination with a guide tube. |
| 7. | An apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, wherein said gases are biogases. |
| 8. | Turbine comprising a rotatable member having lower and upper sides each of which having attached thereto a plurality of blades; wherein the blades on the upper side ar at least three times larger in area than the blades on the lower side. |
| 9. | Turbine as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the rotatab member is a shaft. |
| 10. | Turbine as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the rotatab member is compact or segmented disc means. |
| 11. | Turbine as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the blades the upper side are curved. |
| 12. | Turbine as claimed in Claim 11, wherein the blades the upper side are curved in an Sshape. |
| 13. | Turbine according to Claim 8, wherein the number of blades is six each on the upper side and the lower side of th rotatable member. |
| 14. | Suction device comprising a turbine according to Claim 8 combined and operatively associated with guide tube means. |
| 15. | Suction device as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the outer edge of each blade on the upper side of the rotatable member is rectangular and is substantially flush with the low edge of the guide tube means. |
| 16. | Suction device as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the blades are rectangular and protrude by at least 1 mm beyond t lower end of the guide tube means. |
| 17. | A process for heating a liquid while avoiding the discharge of pollutants into the environment which comprises the liquid being heated by direct contact with the combustion gases, which comprises introducing hot gases with turbulence into the liquid with a suction effect. |
| 18. | A process as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the hot gases are directed against the liquid level above the latter and release the entrained pollutants to the liquid with the assistance of an absorbent, at the same time heating the liqu through which they flow, and escape harmlessly upward. |
| 19. | A process as claimed in Claim 17, wherein the hot gases are generated in a burner flame which points directly t the surface of the absorbent liquid but ends a short distance above the latter. |
| 20. | A process as claimed in Claim 18, wherein the liqui is water and contains a base as an absorbent. |
| 21. | A process as claimed in Claim 19, wherein the wat contains salts as the absorbent. |
| 22. | A process as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the wate contains calcium carbonate as the salt. |
| 23. | A process as claimed in Claim 16, wherein pollutan contained in the liquid are oxidized electrochemically or by means of a corona discharge.*& 10. |
| 24. | A process as claimed in Claim 22, wherein ozone is used as the oxidizing agent. |
| 25. | A process for heating a liquid while avoiding the discharge of pollutants into the environment which comprises 15 holding a liquid containing an absorbant; effecting a turbulent motion of hot gases containi pollutants in said liquid by directing said gases into said liquid through the suction device of claim 13, thus mixing s gases with said liquid; and 20 heating said liquid while removing said pollutants from said gases by said absorbant to avoid discharge of said pollutants into the environment. |
| 26. | A process for heating a liquid while avoiding the 25 discharge of pollutants into the environment which comprises holding a liquid containing an absorbent; directing said liquid to burner means for contacti its outer surface for precooling of hot gases generated therefrom and for preventing overheating of said gases; 3 ■0 effecting a tubulant motion of said gases in said liquid by directing said gases from said burner means to sai liquid; and heating the liquid while removing said pollutants from said gases by said absorbant to avoid discharge of said 5 pollutants into the environment. |
Cross Reference to Related Applications
This application is a continuation-in-part of applicat serial no. 694,461, filed January 24, 1985, now U.S. Patent
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a novel turbine which suitable especially for whirling gases into liquid media, t term gases also comprising vapors, and liquid/gas mixtures.
Summary of the Invention
The invention relates to an apparatus for the direct heating of a liquid by hot gases while avoiding the dischar of pollutants into the environment. This apparatus compris means for holding a liquid containing an absorbent and including an out-flow opening for the introduction of hot g into the liquid; burner means having a burning chamber situ above the upper level of the liquid in the holding means; elongated tubular means arranged within the holding means having!a hot gas inlet and a hot gas outlet, the hot gas in being connected to the burner means and wherein at least th hot gas outlet of the tubular means extends into the liquid and means located within the tubular means for generating a suction effect directed into the liquid, the suction effect means also effecting turbulent motion of the hot gases with the liquid for heating of the liquid and removal of polluta by the absorbant.
More specifically, the means for generating a suction effect are partly located above the hot gas outlet and partly below.
The invention also relates to a turbine, a suction device, and methods of use thereof as more fully described in the detailed description hereinbelow.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Further benefits and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following description given with reference to the accompanying drawings figures which specify and show preferred embodiments of the invention and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a suction device accordin to the invention with portions of the outer housing removed to illustrate the turbine blades therein;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the turbine blades and guide tube of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a turbine blade to illustrate it shape and configuration; and
FIG. 4 is an end view of the turbine blades and guide tub of FIG. 2.
Description of the Invention
This invention is directed to an improvement of that disclosed in application serial no. 694,461, filed January 24,
1985, now U.S. Patent No. . To the extent necessary to understand or describe the present invention r the content of that application is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to a suction device of a type generally illustrated in Figure 1, which includes a turbine (5) combined with a guide tube (1) . The features of this device are more specifically shown in Figures 2-4. The combination of the turbine and p guide tube makes it possible to
draw gas mixtures or liquid/gas mixtures into liquid media. Due to the high suction force of the turbine, the gas or liquid/gas mixture can also be drawn and whirled into the liquid medium even if the liquid medium is heated, it being possible in an extreme case for the liquid medium to be hea to its boiling point.
In detail, the turbine according to the invention inclu a disc (3), having lower and upper sides to which blades (2) are attached, and is characterized in that the blades on the upper side are at least three times larger than the blades o the underside.
The turbine is furthermore characterized in that at least the larger blades are located partly below the hot gas outlet of the tubular means as is described in more detail beiow. it is possible for the disc to be compact o also for segments (4) to be cut out of this disc, if desire
In a preferred embodiment of the turbine, the blades o the upper side are curved. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the blades on the upper side of the disc have a S-shaped curvature or form.
The disc (3) preferably has. a height (thickness) of 0.1 4 cm. Advantageously, the height of the disc depends on its diameter and the size of the blades, these dimensions in tur being related to the desired power of the turbine. Thus, th higher the suction power of the turbine, the greater is the diameter of the disc, the higher (thicker) is the disc and, a rule, more sharply curved are the blades on the upper side the disc. The sizing in an individual case depends on the required constructional principle, which in turn depends on field of use. The material used also has likewise a substan tial influence on the proportions in sizing. The diameter o
the disc depends advantageously on the speed of rotation, a smaller diameter requiring a high speed of rotation, an d vice versa. In a preferre d embodiment, the diameter of the disc i 8 to 12 cm, prefera b ly 9 to 11 cm and more prefera b ly 10 to 1 cm.
In such a preferred embodiment, the height of the blades on the lower side of the disc is 1 to 3 cm and, correspond¬ ingly, the height of the blades on the upper side is 3 to 20 cm. These preferred dimensions can be multiplied with a facto for the case where, because of specific technical conditions and problems, higher or lower power of the turbine is required Segments can be cut out of the disc, whereby the disc becomes lighter but the suction effect of the turbine is not substanti ally affected. Thus, any segment cut-out sizes (4) are possible between the extreme cases, on the one hand, of the compact disc and, on the other hand, fixing of the blades directly to the shaft (6) , which rotates the turbine, that is to say the largest segment cut-outs which are possible in view of the size (in Figure 4, the segment (4) is completely absent in the extreme case) .
The chosen form of the turbine in a special case depends on the nature of the gas or vapor or the mixture of the two an on the nature of the liquid medium into which the gas or gas/vapor mixture is to be whirled.
If, for example, a flue gas is whirled or drawn into water, which, if appropriate, can also contain additives for absorbing constituents of the flue gas, such as alkali or alkaline compounds or the like, a turbine embodiment is preferred in which the blades on the upper side of the disc have an S-shaped form. If the water is to be heated by the flue gas, the flue gas above the turbine consists of a mixtur of gas and steam, as a function of the temperature (and the vapor pressure of the water with the additive) . These
conditions, as explained above taking flue gas and water as example, are also applicable to other types of gases and liq media, if these are heated. The conditions become particula extreme if the liquid medium is heated almost or even fully to the boiling point. Analogous conditions apply in the case of operation under a reddce ' d pressure (if.e. in vacuo) or und an elevated pressure, especially when a compressor or axial compressor is used, that is to say the gas is first compress and then forced in to the turbine.
The turbine is operated preferably in the range of 2500 to 3500 revolutions per minute, more preferably at 2900 r.p.m. Furthermore, the circumferential speed of the blades, at its greatest diameter, is considered to be of importance. This speed is in the range of 12 to 16 meters per second, preferably 14 meters per second.
The turbine runs with particularly high efficiency if i is combined with a guide tube. The invention thus also rela to a suction device which is characterized in that the turbi (5) described above is combined with a guifie tube (1) .
In a preferred embodiment of the suction device; the blades (2) are located on the upper side of the disc (3) with the guide tube (1) as shown in Figures 2-4. The minimum distance of the blades (2) within the guide tube (1) from the inner edge of the guide tube is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 cm. An embodiment is also preferred in which the lower edge of the guide tube ends flush with the turbine and the dimension of the disc is only 2/3 of the diameter of the guide tube. An arrangement is also preferred in which the lower edge of the disc is at the same height as the lower edge of the guide tube and the diameter of the disc is 50% to 80% of the diameter of the guide tube.
An embodiment is particularly preferred in which that p of the blades fixed to the upper side which is arranged near to the disc ends at a right angle flush with the lower edge the guide tube or protrudes by a maximum of 2 cm, preferably 1 cm and most preferably 1 mm, beyond the latter. The numbe of blades on the upper side of the disc is at least 3, preferably a multiple of 3, particularly preferably 6 to 12 a with a very particular preference being 6 blades. The same applies to the number of blades on the underside of the turbine. However, other numbers are also possible, if desire
The diameter of the guide tube is 7 to 12 cm, preferabl 8 to 11 cm and particularly preferably 10 cm, for drawing in relatively small gas rates. These guide tube dimensions all 30 to 80 i of gas per hour to be whirled or sucked into the tube. If, for example, air is drawn into water, the output such a suction device at a water, temperature of 20 * C is abou 70 to 120 m of air per hour and sometimes higher. This applies to a . gas temperature of 100 * C or higher. If the wat iε heated to 80 to 90*C, the output of the suction device at, for example, a diameter of the guide tube of 10 cm in a preferred embodiment of the turbine is still approximately 4 m of gas per hour or possibly higher. The drop in the turb output is a consequence of the evaporation of water, so that, at these high temperatures of the liquid medium, the turbine must also additionall -draw-steam into the--liquid medium. " T suction device is thus suitable for drawing gases into cold hot liquid media, the gases simultaneously also being disper in an optimum manner in the liquid medium. The output of th turbine is substantially affected by the flow velocity, with preferred flow velocity being 12-14 meters per second.
The suction device is thus suitable, for example, for drawing flue gases into liquid media with simultaneous dispersion, so that the hot flue gases release their heat to the liquid medium in an optimum manner. An example of a
preferred use of such a suction device is in heating technol ogy, especially in low-temperature absorption heaters, as sh in Figure 1. This suction device is also suitable for drawi biogaεes from, for example, effluent treatment plants into a absorption liquid, whereby pollutants such as hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride and the like are eliminated. Th purified biogas can then be used further for other applications. The same device can be used for aerating effluent treatment plants. Such suction devices have hithe not been used in technology, so that no theoretical knowledg whatsoever exists.
The invention also relates to a process for drawing gas into liquid media, which is characterized in that the turbin and/or suction device described above is used.
Whfile it is apparent that the invention herein disclose is well calculated to fulfill the desired results, it will b appreciate that numerous modifications and embodiments may b devised by those skilled in the art, and it is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and embodi¬ ments as fall within the true spirit and scope of the presen invention.