i THIENOTHIAZINE SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES PROCESS AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THEIR

PREPARAΗON AND THEIR USE AS CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS z

3 Background of the Invention

e The disease state referred to as glaucoma is characterized by a permanent loss of

7 visual function due to irreversible damage to the optic nerve. The several β morphologically or functionally distinct types of glaucoma are typically characterized

9 by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered to be causally related o to the pathological course of the disease. Ocular hypertension is a condition i wherein intraocular pressure is elevated but no apparent loss of visual function has 2 occurred; such patients are considered to be a high risk for the eventual 3 development of visual loss associated with glaucoma. If glaucoma or ocular hypertension is detected early and treated promptly with medications which 5 effectively reduce elevated intraocular pressure, loss of visual function or its 6 progressive deterioration can generally be ameliorated. Drug therapies which have 7 proven to be effective for the reduction of intraocular pressure include both agents s which decrease aqueous humor production and agents which increase the outflow 9 facility. Such therapies are in general administered by one of two possible routes, 0 topically (direct application to the eye) or orally. 1 2 One class of orally administered drugs which has been used for approximately 3 thirty years to assist in the maintenance of intraocular pressure is carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These agents inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which 5 is present in the ciliary process of the eye and intimately involved in the production 6 of aqueous humor. Drugs of this class act through their ability to decrease the 7 production of aqueous humor. Though these agents are efficacious and nontoxic ^β to ocular tissues following oral administration, they are known to lead to 9 detrimental, systemic (extraocular) side effects. The most serious, but rare, side 0 effects are life-threatening blood dyscrasia and the formation of renal calculi. The 1 more common side effects are nausea, dyspepsia, fatigue, impotence, depression, 2 metabolic acidosis, and others which, although not generally life threatening, are 3 sufficiently debilitating that patients frequently choose to discontinue therapy.

ι There is, therefore, a clear need for an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase which would

2 be topically effective, thereby eliminating, or significantly reducing, the detrimental

3 side effects associated with oral administration. The compounds of the present

4 invention are new sulfonamides which are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful for

5 lowering IOP without producing significant systemic side effects when delivered

6 topically to the eye.

7 β Compounds of commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,240,923 possess a chiral

9 center within the 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine ring. It has been o demonstrated that, in general, one of the two possible stereochemical i representations about this center is more active in binding to the target enzyme, 2 carbonic anhydrase. Therefore, for those compounds it is most advantageous to 3 obtain the preferred enantiomer in optically pure form. This can be accomplished 4 by procedures known in the art, such as resolution or synthesis; however, 5 obtaining an optically pure compound can be laborious. Therefore, it is 6 advantageous to employ compounds with no chiral centers, or with as few chiral 7 centers as possible if such alternatives are available. Surprisingly, it was 8 discovered that compounds of the present invention, which do not possess a chiral 9 center within the heterocycle, 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine, are in general more 0 potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase than the corresponding reduced 1 compounds. 2 3 The class of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents generally referred to as oxicams 4 (e.g. piroxicam) can be considered to be structurally related to the compounds of 5 present interest. Specifically, the compound known as tenoxicam and its numerous 6 substituent variations are similar in that they share a common parent heterocyclic 7 ring structure with the compounds of interest in the present invention: 2H- β thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine. However, there have been no disclosures wherein a 9 sulfamoyl (S0 ₂ NH ₂ ) group has been contemplated as a substituent within this 0 group of compounds. A primary sulfamoyl group is a required substitution in the 1 context of the present invention. Replacement of the fused benzene ring of 2 piroxicam with a thiophene and further structural variations are disclosed in

ι German Patent No. 2,537,070 and Swiss Patent No. 617,705 (and their related

2 U.S. Patent Nos. 4,230,873; 4,224,445 and 4,177,193); and European Patent No.

3 103,142 and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,180,662 and 4,187,303.

4

5 U.S. Patent No. 5,093,332 discloses 2,3-dihydro-1 H-thieno[2,3-b][1 ,4]thiazine-6- e sulfonamide 4,4-dioxides, which are shown to be weak inhibitors of carbonic

7 anhydrase, for treating elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. U.S. Patent β Nos. 4,619,939 and 4,746,745 disclose sulfonamides and a process for reducing

9 intraocular pressure by applying topically to the cornea a carbonic anhydrase ιo inhibitor having a particular set of properties. The compounds of this invention are ii not disclosed in these patents.

12 i3 Summary of the Invention

14 is The present invention is directed to new sulfonamides which can be used to lower

16 and control IOP and control ocular hypertension and glaucoma in warm blooded

17 animals, including man. The compounds are formulated in pharmaceutical is compositions suitable for topical delivery to the eye. New intermediate compounds

19 useful in making the sulfonamides are also disclosed.

20

21 The invention is also directed to methods for lowering and controlling IOP by the

22 administration of the compositions comprising the sulfonamides of the present

23 invention. The compositions are administered topically to the eye.

24

25 Detailed Description of the Invention

26

27 Compounds consistent with Formula I are the topic of this invention:

28

ι Wherein G, J and the two atoms of the thiophene ring to which they are attached 2 form a six-membered ring chosen from

3 4

e wherein if Z is Z Z ¹ is

7 C^alkyl; β C ₁ . ₃ alkyl-C ₃ _ _e cycloalkyl;

9 CH ₂ C(=O)R ⁷ ; CH ₂ C(=O)NR ² R ³ ; CH ₂ CN; ιo C ₂ . ₈ alkyl substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy, C ₂ _ ₄ alkoxy- ιι C^alkoxy, OC(=O)R ¹ , N(R ² )C(=O)R ¹ , halogen, CN, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ or C(=O)R ⁵ ;

12 C^alkyl substituted with an aromatic group chosen from phenyl or Q either

13 of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C^alkyl, C ₄

14 alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitrile, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ , C(=O)R ⁵ or C ₁ . ₄ alkyl which is

15 substituted with hydroxy, NR ² R ³ , halogen, CO ₂ R ¹ or C^alkoxy;

16 C ₃ . _e alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy or NR ² R ³ ;

17 C ₃ . ₈ alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, C^alkoxy or NR ² R ³ ;

18 and if Z is Z ² , Z ² is an aromatic group chosen from phenyl or Q either of which can

19 be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C^alkyl, C^alkoxy, hydroxy

20 halogen, nitrile, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ , C(=O)R ⁵ , or C _{1 l} alkyl which is substituted with

21 hydroxy, NR ² R ³ , halogen or O,. ₃ alkoxy;

22 Y is hydrogen;

23 C^alkyl;

24 C^alkyl substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy, C ₂ . ₄ alkoxy-

25 C^alkoxy, OC(=O)R ¹ , N(R ² )C(=0)R ¹ , halogen, CN, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ , or C(=O)R ⁵ ;

26 C^alkyl substituted with an aromatic group chosen from phenyl or Q either

27 of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C^alkyl, C,_ ₄

ι alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitrile, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ , C(=O)R ⁵ or C^alkyl which is

2 substituted with hydroxy, NR R ³ , halogen, CO ₂ R ¹ or C^alkoxy;

3 C ₃ . ₈ alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, C^alkoxy or NR ² R ³ ; C ₃ _ _B alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy or NR ² R ³ ;

5 R ¹ is C^alkyl; e C^alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, halogen, C^alkoxy, NR ² R ³ or C(=O)R ⁵ ;

7 phenyl which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C^ β alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy or halogen;

9 R ² and R ³ are independently chosen from hydrogen; o C^alkyl; CH ₂ CN; 2 C _g.6 cycloalkyl; 3 C ₂ . ₄ alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, halogen, CN, C-^alkoxy or C(=O)R ⁵ ; 4 hydroxyl; 5 C^alkoxy; 6 C ₂ . ₄ alkoxy substituted with hydroxyl, NR ² R ³ , halogen or C^alkoxy; 7 C ₃ . _β alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxy, or O,. ₄ alkoxy; s C ₃ . ₈ alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, or C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy; 9 or further R ² and R ³ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can 0 be incorporated into a saturated heterocyclic ring of 5 to 8 atoms which may 1 include a second heteroatom selected from O, S or N, such as pyrrolidine, 2 oxazolidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1 ,1 -dioxide, piperazine, 2- 3 oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptane, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane, thiazolidine, or 4 thiazolidine 1 ,1 -dioxide, which can be unsubstituted or substituted on carbon with 5 hydroxyl, (=0), halogen, C^alkoxy, C(=O)R ⁵ , C^alkyl, C^alkyl substituted with 6 hydroxyl, halogen, C^alkoxy, C(=O)R ⁵ , or on nitrogen with C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy, C(=O)R ⁵ , 7 SO _n R ⁴ , C^alkyl or C^alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, halogen, C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy or 8 C(=O)R ⁵ . 9 R ⁴ is C^alkyl; 0 C ₂ . ₄ alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, halogen, NR ² R ³ or C^alkoxy; 1 R ⁵ is C _h alky!;

ι C^alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, halogen, SO _n R ⁴ , C-^alkoxy, NR ² R ³ or

2 C(=O)R ⁶ ;

3 C ₁ . ₄ alkyl substituted with an aromatic group chosen from phenyl or Q either

4 of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C ₁ . ₄ alkyl, C,. ₄

5 alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitrile, NR ² R ³ , SO _n R ⁴ or C ₁ . ₄ alkyl which is substituted with e hydroxy, NR ² R ³ , halogen or C^alkoxy;

7 hydroxyl; β C ₁ . ₄ alkoxy;

9 C ₂ . ₄ alkoxy substituted with hydroxyl, NR ² R ³ , halogen or C-^alkoxy; o NR ² R ³ ; i R ⁶ is C^alkyl; 2 C^alkoxy; 3 amino;

6 R ⁷ is hydroxyl, C^ ₄ alkoxy, C^ alkoxy substituted with hydroxyl, NR ² R ³ or C^ 7 alkoxy; s n is 0,1 , or 2; and 9 Q is a monocyclic five or six membered heterocyclic ring system wherein one or 0 more of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur are incorporated into the 1 ring, such as thiophene, furan, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, 2 oxazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, 3 pyridazine, and pyrazine. 4 5 In compounds of Structure I substituent Y can be attached at position 3 or 4, or 6 independent variations of substituent Y can be attached at positions 3 and 4. In 7 the preferred embodiments of this invention substituent Y, when other than 8 hydrogen, is attached at position 3. Selected compounds of Structure I can 9 possess one or more chiral centers within substituents Y or Z, this invention 0 contemplates all enantiomers, diastereomers and mixtures thereof. 1

ι In the above definitions, the total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is

2 indicated by the C prefix where the numbers i and j define the number of carbon

3 atoms; this definition includes both straight chain and branched chain alkyl groups.

4

5 It is important to recognize that a substituent may be present either singly or

6 multiply when incorporated into the indicated structural unit. For example, the

7 substituent halogen, which means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, would β indicate that the alkyl or aryl portion to which it is attached may be substituted with

9 one or more halogen atoms, which may be the same or different. 0 i Synthesis 2 3 Certain desirable compounds of Formula I can be prepared from the appropriate 2- 4 substituted 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide (1), where T is H, Br or Cl, and 5 Z is as defined previously, as shown in Equation 1. Introduction of the sulfamoyl 6 group at position six can be accomplished by treating compound 1 with a strong 7 organometallic base such as n-butyllithium to form the organolithium intermediate s which can be reacted with an appropriate electrophile, such as sulfuryl chloride or 9 sulfur dioxide, to give the sulfonyl chloride or lithium sulfinate, respectively. 0 Subsequent amination of these intermediates with either ammonia, in the first case, 1 or with an electrophilic aminating reagent, for example, hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic 2 acid, in the second provides the desired sulfonamides of Formula I. Alternately, 3 conversion of the sulfinate salt to the sulfonyl chloride with, for example, N- 4 chlorosuccinimide, chlorine or sulfuryl chloride followed by reaction with ammonia 5 gives compounds of Formula I. 6 7 Equation 1:

8

ι Intermediate 1 can be prepared by the methods shown in Equations 2-4. Alkylation

2 of compound 2, which can be prepared as described in U. S. Patent 5,153,192 and

3 U. S. Patent 5,240,923, using any of a variety of conditions known in the art, which

4 in general involve the use of a base, such as sodium hydride or potassium

5 carbonate, in an inert solvent, such as DMF, DMSO or ethanol, provides selectively e alkylation at nitrogen, ring position two. The hydroxyl group of 3_ can be activated

7 toward subsequent elimination by formation of an intermediate sulfonate ester, β such as by reaction with methanesulfonic anhydride in an inert solvent to give the

9 methanesulfonate ester. Treatment of such sulfonate esters under generally basic o conditions results in formation of the desired intermediate olefin 1 (Equation 2). 1

4 Alternately, activation of the hydroxyl group of compound 3 toward elimination can s be accomplished by reaction with an appropriate aryl thionochloroformate to give 6 intermediate ____. Treatment of ____ under conditions favorable for pyrolytic eliminations 7 of the Chugaev reaction type [e.g. see Organic Reactions, 12, 57 (1962), J. Amer. s Chem. Soc. 108, 800 (1986)], generally neat, at temperatures between 100°C and 9 300°C under vacuum, provide the desired olefin compound 1 (Equation 3). 0 1 Equation 3

ι Chlorination of intermediate 3 with a suitable chlorinating agent such as thionyl

2 chloride either neat or in the presence of an inert solvent provides intermediate 5;

3 dehydrohalogenation under basic conditions provides the desired intermediate olefin 1 (Equation 4).

5

6 Equation 4

β Furthermore, it can be advantageous to prepare certain intermediates 3_ from

9 compounds such as fi, prepared by alkylation of compound 2 with a suitable o dibromoalkane in the manner analogous to that previously described for Equation i 2. The hydroxyl group of 6. can be activated toward subsequent elimination by 2 formation of a sulfonate ester, e.g. methanesulfonyl; treatment of such sulfonate 3 esters under generally basic conditions results in formation of olefin 7. Reaction of 4 olefin 7 with the desired nucleophile, e.g. amines or alcohols, using conditions well 5 known in the art, provides intermediates 1 wherein Z is a substituted alkyl group 6 such as aminoalkyl, i.e. R ² R ³ N-alkyl-, or alkoxyalkyl, i.e. R ¹ -O-alkyl- (Equation 5). 7 8 Equation 5

0 Intermediate compounds 3 _. can also be prepared as shown in Equation 6; this 1 method is particularly preferred for those compounds of Formula I where Z is Z ² , as 2 previously described. The requisite thiophene ketals (8), where T is H or Cl, can 3 be readily prepared by standard methods well known to one skilled in the art from 4 commercially available thiophene ketones. The incorporation of a sulfonamide or

ι substituted sulfonamide at position two of the thiophene ketal (8) can be

2 accomplished in a manner analogous to Equation 1 , but in this case reacting the

3 intermediate sulfonyl chloride with the appropriate arylamine to give intermediate 9.

4 The conversion of these thiophenesulfonamides into the desired cyclic compounds

5 of Formula I can be accomplished using a variety of procedures well known in the e art; e.g. acid hydrolysis of the ketal followed by bromination of the ketone and

7 subsequent base catalyzed cyclization of the α-haloketone provides intermediates β of structure 3. Furthermore, the groups Z of intermediate 1 introduced according to

9 Equations 2-6 can in many instances be further modified to furnish yet other novel o compounds of Formula I using methods known to one skilled in the art. 1 2 Equation 6

3 4 Alternately, it can be advantageous in certain cases to incorporate the sulfonamide 5 group into the molecule prior to formation of the olefin. In these cases it may also 6 be advantageous to protect the primary sulfonamide group from undergoing 7 potentially undesirable reactions by incorporating a protecting group such as t- 8 butylamine, a formamidine, or an imidate ester. Therefore, certain compounds of 9 Formula I can best be prepared according to Equation 7. Alkylation of compound 0 11. which can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,240,923, with a

haloalkylester, such as 2-bromoethyl acetate, using any of a variety of conditions known to the art provides intermediate 12. Transformation of the secondary hydroxyl group of 12 to a sulfonate ester, for example, by treatment with methanesulfonic anhydride, and subsequent treatment under basic conditions to effect elimination, provides, after cleavage of the ester, intermediate alcohol 13. The primary hydroxyl group of 12 can be transformed into groups (Z ¹ ) of interest in the context of the present invention by a variety of functional group transformations. For example, an amino group can be incorporated by procedures known in the art, preferably by displacement of an aryl or alkyl sulfonate ester under mildly basic conditions with a primary or secondary amine, or by using conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction, diethyl azodicarboxylate-triphenylphosphine-amine. Deprotection of the sulfonamide group provides compounds of Formula I.

Equation 7

1. s ₂ 0

2. DBU 3. NaOH

Other desirable compounds of Formula I can be prepared according to Equation 8 where R ² , R ³ , T and Z are as described previously. Incorporation of the desired substituted sulfonamide at position two of the thiophene acetal 14 to give intermediate 15_ can be accomplished in a manner analogous to that described for thiophene ketals in Equation 6. Alkylation of intermediate 15_ with the desired α- halo-carboxylic ester, e.g. ethyl bromoacetate provides intermediate lg which can

ι be cyclized by initial hydrolysis of the acetal followed by treatment of the aldehyde

2 under basic conditions, e.g. DBU, to give 17. Modification of the ester group of 17

3 by methods known to the art provides desired 2,3 disubstituted compounds of

4 Formula I wherein substituent Y at position three is as defined previously. For

5 example, reduction of the ester group, with for example DIBAL, provides a primary e alcohol (IS) which can be readily converted to a sulfonate ester by known

7 procedures; treatment of this sulfonate ester with the desired primary or secondary β amine gives intermediate 19_. Introduction of the primary sulfonamide can be

9 accomplished by the sequence involving n-butyllithium, sulfur dioxide, and o hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (Equation 1) to give compounds of Formula I. 1 2 It can be advantageous in certain cases to introduce the primary sulfonamide prior 3 to incorporating the amino group. In such cases direct sulfamoylation of 18 can be 4 accomplished to give intermediate 20 by employing a procedure similar to that 5 used for the sulfamoylation of 19. Amination of 20. by the same method used for 6 the conversion of 18 to 19 provides compounds of Formula JL 7

Equation 8

DIBAL

1) n-BuU 1) n-BuU 2) S0 ₂ 2) S0 ₂ aj H -J-OSO _j JH ^' H gNOSO - _j HV

It can be desirable in certain cases to modify the substituent Z of Formula I (see Equation 9) to provide yet other compounds of Formula I. For example, where Z is Z ¹ and Z ¹ is alkoxyalkyl (e.g. 21), treatment under conditions suitable for ether cleavage, for example with a Lewis acid, such as borontribromide or bromodimethylborane, provides the ω-hydroxyalkyl substituent at position two (22) which can be selectively acylated by treatment with the desired acyl chloride under acidic conditions, for example in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, to give compounds of Formula I wherein Z ¹ is an acylated ω-hydroxyalkyl group (23). Oxidation of the primary alcohol group of 22 with, for example, Jones reagent, provides the compound of Formula I where Z ¹ is an alkylcarboxylic acid substituent, such as butanoic acid (24). Esterification of this carboxylic acid moiety can be readily accomplished by any of a variety of procedures known in the art, such as treatment with the desired alcohol in the presence of a suitable acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, to provide 25. Other esters of Formula I can be

prepared from an ester so prepared by transesterification using various conditions known to the art (see, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, R. C. Larock, page 985). Amination of the alkylesters 25 by a variety of conditions known to the art provides the substituted alkylamides 26.

Equation 9

26 5

Yet other desirable compounds of Formula I, namely 2,3-disubstituted 2H- thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxides, can be prepared in a manner analogous to that already described for 2,3-disubstituted 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxides in Equation 8, but using instead acetal 27 as the starting material (Equation 10). Selective metallation of 2,3-dibromothiophene

with an organolithium base and subsequent treatment with an N, N- dialkylformamide, such as N,N-dimethylformamide or N-formylpiperidine, provides 3-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde which can be protected as the acetal (27). Introduction of the desired substituted sulfonamide at position three of acetal 27 to give intermediate 28 can be accomplished in a manner analogous to that already described for thiophene acetals in Equation 8_. It can be advantageous in certain cases to react the intermediate sulfonyl chloride prepared from 27 directly with an N-substituted glycine ester to provide intermediate 29. Cyclization of intermediate 29 and the subsequent transformation to compounds of Formula I proceeds as described in Equation 8.

Equation 10

1) TsOH

2) DBU

DIBAL

Additional compounds of Formula I can be prepared according to Equation 11 , where T, Y, and Z are as described previously. Oxidation of alcohol 3 to ketone 33

ι can be accomplished by any of a variety of procedures known to the art, such as

2 Jones reagent (Cr ₂ O ₃ /HOAc). Treatment of 33 with the desired Grignard reagent

3 provides tertiary alcohol 34 which can be converted to the olefin 35 by treatment of

4 the sulfonate ester under basic conditions as previously described in Equations 5

5 and 7. Introduction of the primary sulfonamide can be accomplished by the e sequence involving n-butyllithium, sulfur dioxide, and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid

7 (Equation 1) to give compounds of Formula I.

8

9 Equation 11

1 By following a sequence comparable to that described in Equation 11 , but using 2 instead ketone 36 as starting material, which can be prepared in a manner 3 analogous to that illustrated in Austrian patent 352,744 (1979), it is possible to 4 prepare yet other compounds of Formula I as shown in Equation 12. 5

Equation 12

3 The compounds of this invention, Formula I, can be incorporated into various types

4 of ophthalmic formulations for delivery to the eye. For example, these compounds

5 can be combined with ophthalmologically acceptable preservatives, surfactants, e viscosity enhancers, penetration enhancers, buffers, sodium chloride and water to

7 form an aqueous, sterile ophthalmic suspension or solution. In order to prepare β sterile ophthalmic ointment formulations, the active ingredient is combined with a

9 preservative in an appropriate vehicle, such as, mineral oil, liquid lanolin, or white o petrolatum. Sterile ophthalmic gel formulations may be prepared by suspending i the active ingredient in a hydrophilic base prepared from the combination of, for 2 example, Carbopol-940 or the like (carboxy vinyl polymers available from B.F. 3 Goodrich Company) according to published formulations for analogous ophthalmic 4 preparations; preservatives and tonicity agents can be incorporated. Ophthalmic s solution formulations may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a 6 physiologically acceptable isotonic aqueous buffer. Further, the ophthalmic solution 7 may include an ophthalmologically acceptable surfactant to assist in dissolving the 8 active ingredient. Furthermore, the ophthalmic solution may contain a thickener

ι such as hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose,

2 polyvinylpyrrolidone, or the like to improve the retention of the medicament in the

3 conjunctival sac. Ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, ointments, gels, are the

4 preferred dosage forms, typically at pH 4-8, the physiologically acceptable range for

5 ophthalmic administration. The compounds will normally be contained in these e formulations in the amount of 0.1 % to 10% by weight, but preferably in an amount

7 of 0.25% to 5% by weight. Thus, for topical presentation these formulations would β be delivered to the surface of the eye 1-4 times/day depending upon the discretion

Θ of a skilled clinician. 0 i The following examples are given to illustrate the preparation of compounds which 2 are the subject of this invention but should not be construed as implying any 3 limitations to the claims. The preferred compounds of Formula I are 2-substituted 4 and 2,3-disubstituted 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxides. 5 Especially preferred compounds are those set forth in Examples 7, 10, 10.5, 11.1 , 6 11.3, 11.4, 25 and 27. Most preferred is the compound of Example 11.1. The 7 proton magnetic resonance spectrum of each compound of the Examples was s consistent with the assigned structure. 9 0 Example 1 1

3 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 , 4 2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide sodium salt 5

ι Step A: 3-(2,5,5-Trimethyl-1 ,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide

2

3 To a solution of 3-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1 ,3-dioxan-2-yl)thiophene (106 g, 0.5 mol) in

4 hexane (1200 ml_) at -60°C was added a 2.5 M solution of n-butyliithium in hexane

5 (240 ml_, 0.6 mmol) over 40 min. The mixture was allowed to warm to room β temperature (approximately 1.5 hr) and then once again cooled to -60°C and

7 anhydrous THF (400 mL) added. Sulfur dioxide was passed over the surface of β the reaction mixture for 30 min at which point the reaction mixture was allowed to

9 warm to room temperature under a positive SO ₂ pressure (approximately 1 hr). o The solvent was removed and the residue dissolved in water (1200 mL) to which i sodium acetate trihydrate (217.73 g, 1.6 mol) was added. The solution was cooled 2 (ice bath) to 0°C and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (107 g, 0.95 mol) was slowly 3 added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr and then extracted 4 with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with a saturated aqueous s sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a 6 viscous brown oil (174.05 g); this product was used in the next step without further 7 purification. 8 9 Step B: 3-Acetyl-2-thiophenesulfonamide 0 1 The product from Step A (174.05 g, crude) was dissolved in a mixture of THF 2 (1000 mL) and 1 N HCI (1000 mL) and heated at reflux temperature for 1.5 hr. 3 The THF was evaporated and the aqueous solution made basic by the addition of 4 a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture was cooled and the 5 precipitate collected by filtration, washed with cold water and dried in vacuo to give 6 the crude product (109.1 g,). Recrystallization from acetonitrile gave the desired 7 product (81.5 g, 79%); mp 193-196°C. 8

ι Step C: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-4-ol 1 ,1-dioxide

2

3 A solution of the product from Step B (102.6 g, 0.50 mol) in THF (3000 mL) was

4 cooled to 10°C and the addition of pyridinium bromide perbromide (183 g, 0.515

5 mol) commenced and continued as the temperature continued to drop to 0°C. e After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 7 14°C (approximately 3 hr). The solvent was evaporated and the residue mixed β with water; filtration provided the crude intermediate which was washed with cold

9 water and dried in vacuo overnight to give 149.5 g of solid which was dissolved in o ethanol (3000 mL) at room temperature and then chilled with ice; this solution was i treated with NaBH ₄ (19 g, 0.5 mol) and the mixture, which turned clear in about 15 2 min, was heated at 50°C for 2 hr, and then stirred at room temperature for an 3 additional 18 hr. The ethanol was evaporated and the residue dissolved in water; 4 this aqueous solution was adjusted to a pH of 6 and then extracted with ethyl s acetate. The extracts were washed with brine, dried and evaporated to give a 6 residue which was triturated with cold ethyl acetate. The solid (crude product) was 7 collected by filtration and the ethyl acetate soluble material was purified by column 8 chromatography (silica, 20% to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane). These two batches of 9 product were combined and recrystallized from ethyl acetate (59.6 g, 58%): mp 0 138-140°C. 1 2 Step D: 4-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-2-(1-ethoxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3 ,2-e]-1 ,2- 3 thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 4 5 A solution of the product from Step C (106.9 g, 0.521 mol) in THF (360 mL) was 6 cooled to 0°C and para-toluenesulfonic acid (3.6 g) was added. Ethyl vinyl ether 7 (250 mL, 2.6 mol) was added over a period of 1 .75 hr while maintaining the 8 temperature of the reaction mixture below 5°C. The yellow solution was stirred at 9 0°C for 1 hr, a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (400 mL) was 0 added and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 250 ml). The 1 combined extracts were dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and evaporated to give a residue which 2 was purified by column chromatography (silica, hexane to 20% hexane/ethyl

ι acetate) to give the desired product (78%) as a light yellow oil. This material was

2 used in the next step.

3

4 Step E: 4-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-2-(1-ethoxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-Λ/-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-

5 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

6

7 The product from Step D (125.6 g, 0.359 mol) was dissolved in THF (1200 mL, dry) β and the solution cooled to -70°C. n-Butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 215 mL, 0.538

9 mol) was added slowly, after stirring at -70°C for 1 hr sulfur dioxide was bubbled o into the mixture until the pH reached 4. The reaction mixture was stirred at room i temperature for 1 hr. The solvent was evaporated to give a residue which was 2 dried in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (1500 mL) and 3 cooled to 0°C, N-chlorosuccinimide (62.3 g, 0.467 mol) was added in portions while 4 maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture at 0°C. The mixture was s allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for 2 hr. 6 Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (500 mL) and brine (500 mL) were added 7 and the organic layer was separated and washed with saturated aqueous sodium s bicarbonate (250 mL) and brine (250 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give 9 the sulfonyl chloride intermediate as a brown oil (132 g, 82%). The sulfonyl 0 chloride (147 g, 0.327 mol) was dissolved in THF (900 mL) and cooled to 5°C. t- 1 Butylamine (350 mL) was slowly added and the mixture was allowed to warm to 2 room temperature, stirring continued for 20 hr. The solvent and excess amine 3 were removed by evaporation to give a dark oil which was stirred with ethyl acetate 4 (500 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (250 mL). The organic layer 5 was removed and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 250 mL). 6 The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered through silica gel, and 7 evaporated to give the desired product as an oil (159 g, 99%). 8

ι Step F: 3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-Λ/-(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-

2 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide

3

4 A mixture of the product from Step E (158 g, 0.325 mol), THF (700 mL) and 2 N

5 HCI (180 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 20 hr. After evaporating the e THF, the aqueous mixture was cooled to 0°C and sodium bicarbonate (50 g) was

7 carefully added followed by water (400 mL) and ethyl acetate (500 mL). The two β layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (250

9 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO ₄ ) and o evaporated to give a foam which was triturated with methylene chloride (200 mL) to i give a solid (81.7 g, 75%): mp 144-147°C. Recrystallization of this solid from 2 methylene chloride gave an off-white solid: mp 163-165°C. 3 4 Step G: 3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-/V-(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H- 5 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 6 7 The product from Step F (0.3 g, 0.88 mmol) was added to a suspension of sodium 8 hydride (0.05 g of a 60% suspension in mineral oil, rinsed once with hexane, 1.25 9 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at 0°C. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was 0 stirred for one hour at which point 2-bromoethyl methyl ether (0.09 mL, 0.97 mmol) 1 was added. The mixture was stirred for 18 hr at room temperature, water was 2 added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 3 mL). The combined 3 extracts were washed with water (10 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to provide 4 an oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica, hexane/ethyl acetate 5 gradient) to give the desired product as an oil (0.35 g, 100%) which was used in 6 the next reaction. 7

ι Step H: 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-Λ/-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-

2 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 The product from Step G (4.11 g, 10.31 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.52

5 g, 20.6 mmol) were combined in dichloromethane (50 mL) and the mixture was e cooled by means of an ice bath. Phenyl chlorothionoformate (2.1 mL, 15.5 mmol)

7 was added rapidly to the mixture and the cooling bath removed. After three hours β the mixture was washed with 2 N HCI (15 mL), water (15 mL), saturated aqueous

9 sodium chloride (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was o purified by column chromatography (silica, hexane/ethyl acetate) to provide the i desired product (2.14 g, 39%) as an oil. This oil was heated under vacuum 2 (200°C/5 mm Hg) for approximately 5 minutes (until no more condensate collected) 3 and then purified by column chromatography (silica, hexane/ethyl acetate) to 4 provide the desired product (1.48 g, 97%) which was used in the next step. 5 6 Step I: 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1- 7 dioxide sodium salt 8 9 The product from Step H (1.48 g, 3.89 mmol) was mixed with trifluoroacetic acid 0 (15 mL) and stirred for 36 hr at room temperature. Evaporation provided a residue 1 which was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 mL) and washed with water (3 x 10 2 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (15 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to 3 a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient 3:1 4 hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3 methylene chloride/methanol) to give the desired 5 product (0.7 g, 55%) as an oil. To a solution of this oil in ethanol (2 mL) was 6 added 2 N NaOH (1.08 mL, 2.16 mmol). Ethyl ether was added to the cloud point 7 and the product that precipitated was collected by filtration, washed with ether and 8 dried under nitrogen to give the desired product (0.3 g) as a white solid: mp 95- 9 97°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₉ H ₁₁ N ₂ O ₅ S ₃ Na-2.0 H ₂ 0: C, 28.27; H, 3.95; N, o 7.33. Found: C, 27.90; H, 3.64; N, 7.19. 1

ι Example 2

2

4 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,

5 1 -dioxide sodium salt

6

7 Step A: 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-4-O-phenoxythiocarb onyl- β 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide

9 o Sodium hydride (1.1 g of a 60% suspension in mineral oil, 27.53 mmol) was added i in portions to a solution of 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- 2 thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide (6.0 g, 25.03 mmol) in dry DMF (100 mL) under nitrogen. The 3 mixture was stirred for 1 hr, cooled to 0°C in an ice bath and 3-bromopropyl methyl 4 ether (3.83 g, 25.03 mmol) was added The mixture was stirred overnight at room s temperature and evaporated to a residue which was mixed with water (100 mL) 6 and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 20 mL). The extracts were combined, washed 7 with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to provide 8 an oil. A solution of this oil and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4.58 g, 37.5 mmol) in 9 1 ,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) was cooled by means of an ice bath and phenyl 0 chlorothionoformate (4.15 mL, 37.5 mmol) was added slowly. The cooling bath 1 was removed and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 hr, diluted with a 2 3:1 mixture of hexane/ethyl acetate (200 mL) and filtered through silica gel. The 3 filtrate was evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography 4 (silica, hexane to 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the desired compound as an oil 5 (5.1 g, 46%). 6

ι Step B: 6-Chloro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide

2

3 The product of Step A (5.1 g, 11.38 mmol) was heated under vacuum (200°C/0.5

4 mm Hg) until no more condensate formed (approximately 5 min). The flask was

5 cooled to room temperature and the residue purified by column chromatography e (silica, hexane to 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the desired product as an oil 7 (2.33 g, 70%) which was used in the next reaction.

8

9 Step C: 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 - o dioxide sodium salt 1 2 The product from Step B (2.31 g, 7.86 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (35 mL) 3 and cooled in a dry ice/isopropanol bath (-78°C) under nitrogen. n-Butyllithium (4.1 mL of a 2.1 M solution in hexanes, 8.65 mmol) was added dropwise and the 5 mixture stirred for 45 min; excess sulfur dioxide was introduced into the flask until 6 the solution tested acidic to moist litmus paper. The reaction mixture was 7 evaporated to a residue which was dissolved in water (40 mL) followed by the 8 addition of sodium acetate trihydrate (5.35 g, 39.3 mmol) and hydroxylamine-O- 9 sulfonic acid (2,67 g, 23.58 mmol). This mixture was stirred at room temperature 0 for 4 hr and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 8 mL). The combined extracts were 1 washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO ₄ ) and 2 evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 3 gradient 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3 methylene chloride/methanol) to give the 4 desired product as an oil (0.91 g, 34%). This oil was converted to the sodium salt 5 by dissolving it in ethanol (1.5 mL) and adding 2 N NaOH (1.26 mL). Ethyl ether 6 was added to the cloud point and the product which precipitated was isolated by 7 filtration under nitrogen to give the desired salt (0.81 g, 90%): mp 90-92°C. 8 Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₀ H ₁₃ N ₂ O ₂ S ₃ Na-H ₂ O: C, 30.30; H, 4.32; N, 7.07. Found: 9 C, 30.29; H, 4.13; N, 6.97. 0

Example 3

2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

Step A: 3-Bromopropyl ethyl ether

To a solution of 3-ethoxypropanol (5.0 g, 48 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (19.1 g, 57.6 mmol) cooled to 0°C was added triphenylphosphine (15.1 g, 57.6 mmol); this mixture was stirred for 3 hr, filtered through silica gel and evaporated to a residue which was distilled to give and oil (10.98 g). Redistillation of the oil from phosphorous pentoxide gave 3-bromopropyl ethyl ether (8.0 g, 100%): bp 142- 144°C.

Step B: 2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-4-ol 1 ,1- dioxide

A solution of the product from Example 1 , Step C (13.0 g, 63.3 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride (2.5 g of a 60% slurry in mineral oil, washed with hexane, 63.3 mmol) in DMF (300 mL) at 0°C. After stirring for 45 min, the product from Step A (10.6 g, 63.3 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 18 hr, during this time the temperature slowly increased to room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 10 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (3 x 10 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient, 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3 methylene chloride/methanol) to provide a clear oil (13.1 g, 71%) which was used in the next step.

ι Step C: 4-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-2-(3-ethoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[ 3,2-e]-

2 1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 A solution of the product from Step B (13.0 g, 44.77 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic

5 acid (0.20 g) in THF (250 mL) was cooled in an ice bath and ethyl vinyl ether (4.7 e mL, 49.24 mmol) was added slowly; this mixture was stirred at room temperature

7 for 18 hr. Sodium bicarbonate (2.0 g) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 β min, washed with water (3 x 75 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL)

9 and dried (MgSO ₄ ). The mixture was evaporated to a residue which was filtered o through silica gel with 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to give a pale yellow oil (7.53 g, i 46%) which was used in the next reaction. 2 3 Step D: 2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 4 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 5 6 A solution of the product from Step C (13.25 g, 36.5 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was 7 degassed under nitrogen and cooled to -60°C in a dry-ice/isopropanol bath, n- 8 Butyllithium (16.0 mL of a 2.5 M solution, 40 mmol) was added slowly over 5 min 9 and the mixture was stirred at -60°C for 45 min followed by the introduction of 0 excess sulfur dioxide gas into the flask. The mixture was allowed to warm to room 1 temperature over two hours and the solvent was removed by evaporation. The 2 residue was mixed with water (200 mL) and sodium acetate trihydrate (13.91 g, 3 102.2 mmol) followed by the addition of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (6,9 g, 61 .32 4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr and then extracted 5 with ethyl acetate (5 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were evaporated and the 6 residue dissolved in THF (150 mL), mixed with 2 N HCI (10 mL), warmed gently for 7 1 hr and then evaporated to a residue. The residue was mixed with ethyl acetate β (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with 9 saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue 0 which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient, 3:1 hexane/ethyl 1 acetate to 7:3 methylene chloride/methanol) to provide a pale yellow solid (11.6 g,

ι 86%): mp 140-145°C dec. Analysis. Calculated for C^H^Na©^: C, 35.66; H,

2 4.90; N, 7.56. Found: C, 35.79; H, 4.80; N, 7.47.

3

4 Step E: 2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-

5 6-(sulfonylacetimidate methyl ester) 1 ,1 -dioxide

6

7 The product from Step D (1.6 g, 4.32 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile (20 β mL) and trimethylorthoacetate (11 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at

9 reflux temperature for 18 hr and then evaporated to provide an oil (1.88 g, 100%) o which was used without further purification. 1 2 Step F: 2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-phenoxythiocarbonyl-2H-thie no[3,2- 3 e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-(sulfonylacetimidate methyl ester) 1 ,1 -dioxide 4 s The crude product from Step E (1.88 g, 4.32 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine 6 (0.8 g, 6.48 mmol) were mixed with 1 ,2-dichloroethane (25 mL) and cooled in an 7 ice bath. Phenylthionocarbonyl chloride (0.7 mL, 5.2 mmol) was slowly added and s the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 18 9 hr, diluted with 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate (100 mL) and filtered through silica gel. 0 The filtrate was evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 1 chromatography (silica, gradient elution hexane to 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) to give 2 the desired product (0.79 g, 33%) and a secondary product wherein the protecting 3 group had been removed (0.35 g, 16%). 4 5 Step G: 2-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1- 6 dioxide 7 8 The combined products from Step F (0.79 g, 1.4 mmol and 0.35 g, 0.69 mmol) 9 were heated under vacuum (200°C/0.5 mm Hg) until no more condensate formed 0 (approximately 5 min). The flask was cooled to room temperature and the residue 1 was dissolved in methanol (5 mL); 2 N HCI (1.0 mL) was added. The mixture was 2 heated at 50°C for 2 hr and evaporated to a residue which was mixed with

ι saturated aqueous sodium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 2 mL).

2 The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was

3 purified by column chromatography (silica, 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3

4 methylene chloride/methanol) to give the desired product (0.42 g, 57%) as a white

5 solid: mp 131-132°C. Analysis. Calculated for C^H^O^: C, 37.49; H, 4.58; e N, 7.95. Found: C, 37.82; H, 4.56; N, 7.82.

7 β Example 4

i 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 2 3 Step A: 3-Acetyl-2-[(phenylmethyl)thio]-5-chlorothiophene 4 5 A mixture consisting of thiourea (858.4 g, 11.28 mol), benzyl bromide (1 ,930 g, 6 11.28 mol), THF (9000 ml), and water (3000 ml) was heated at reflux temperature 7 for 2 hr followed by cooling to 50°C. To this solution was added 3-acetyl-2,5- 8 dichlorothiophene (2000 g, 10.25 mol) and an aqueous solution of sodium 9 hydroxide (2,200 g of 50% NaOH diluted to 3000 ml); this mixture was heated at 0 reflux temperature for 4 hr, cooled to room temperature, and the two layers 1 separated. The organic layer was diluted with ethyl acetate (6000 ml) and washed 2 with water (3 x 2000 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried (MgSO ₄ ) 3 and the solvent evaporated to give a residue which was triturated with hexane. 4 This solid was collected by filtration and dried to give the desired product (2,550 g, 5 88%): mp 86-88°C. 6

ι Step B: 3-Acetyl-5-chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide

2

3 The product from Step A (15 g, 0.058 mol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (150

4 mL), water (15 mL) was added and the solution cooled to 3°C. Chlorine gas was

5 slowly passed through the solution until the temperature reached 15°C at which e point the mixture was cooled to 5°C before the addition of chlorine was continued;

7 this sequence was repeated four times. The reaction mixture was poured into ice β water (300 mL) and extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 200 mL). The

9 combined extracts were washed with cold 2 N NaOH (2 x 200 mL), brine (150 mL) o and dried (MgSO ₄ ). One half of this solution of sulfonyl chloride was evaporated to i an oil which was dissolved in DMF, cooled (3°C), and a solution of p-anisidine 2 (7.14 g) in DMF (50 mL) was added. After stirring for 0.5 hr, the mixture was 3 evaporated to a residue which was suspended in water and extracted with 4 methylene chloride (2 x 70 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and 5 evaporated to a syrup which crystallized to give a yellow solid (3.15 g). The mother 6 liquor was chromatographed (silica, 20% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an additional 7 quantity (1.66 g) of the desired product (total yield, 48%). 8 9 Step C: 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno [3,2-e]- 0 1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 1 2 The product from Step B (4.20 g, 12.14 mmol) was dissolved in THF (40 mL) 3 containing 30% HBr in acetic acid (0.1 equiv, 0.25 mL) and cooled to 3°C. A 4 solution of pyridinium bromide perbromide (4.32 g, 13.52 mmol) in THF (20 mL) 5 was added and the reaction mixture allowed to warm to room temperature. The 6 THF was evaporated and the residue dissolved in ethanol (40 mL); this solution 7 was cooled (3°C), sodium borohydride (pellets, 3.25 g, 86.03 mmol) added and the 8 reaction mixture stirred at 5°C for 1 hr followed by heating at reflux temperature for 9 1 hr. The reaction mixture was evaporated to a residue which was suspended in 0 water and the pH of this suspension was adjusted to 7 with saturated aqueous 1 ammonium chloride. This mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL) and 2 the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ). The products from two such reactions

ι were purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 1 :1 ethyl acetate/hexane) to

2 give the desired product (3.6 g), mp 127-132°C; this material was used in the next

3 reaction.

4

5 Step D: 6-Chloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide

6

7 A solution of the product from Step C (1.4 g, 4.05 mmol) and 4- β dimethylaminopyridine (0.74 g, 6.08 mmol) in 1 ,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) were

9 cooled in an ice bath. Phenyl chlorothionoformate (0.67 mL, 4.86 mM) was added o slowly. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room i temperature for 18 hr, mixed with 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate (25 mL) and filtered 2 through silica gel. The filtrate was concentrated and heated under vacuum 3 (200°C/0.5 mm Hg) approximately 5 min followed by cooling the mixture to room 4 temperature. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 3:1 s hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3 methylene chloride/methanol) which gave 0.91 g (65%) 6 of the desired product as an oil which was not purified further. 7 8 Step E: 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1- 9 dioxide 0 1 The product from Step D (0.9 g, 2.75 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) and 2 degassed under nitrogen. The solution was cooled in a dry-ice/isopropanol bath (- 3 78°C) followed by the slow addition of n-butyllithium (2.2 ml of a 1 .54 M solution, 4 3.44 mmol). After stirring for 1 hr, sulfur dioxide gas was passed through the flask 5 until the solution tested acidic to moist litmus paper at which point the cooling bath 6 was removed. After stirring for 1 hr the solvent was evaporated and the residue 7 mixed with water (10 mL). Sodium acetate trihydrate (1.87 g, 13.75 mmol) and β hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (0.94 g, 8.25 mmol) were added and this aqueous 9 mixture stirred for 3 hr and then extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 3 mL). The 0 combined extracts were washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 1 chloride (10 mL), dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was partially 2 purified by column chromatography (silica, 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to 7:3

ι methylene chloride/methanol) to give 0.19 g of a dark oil. To a solution of this oil

2 in ethanol (2 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.3 mL of a 2N solution) followed

3 by sufficient diethyl ether to precipitate the disodium salt which was collected by

4 filtration: mp 98-100°C. A solution of the sodium salt in water (3 mL) was acidified

5 (pH 4) with 2N HCI and the precipitate collected by filtration to give the desired e compound (67 mg, 6%) as a tan solid: mp 90-92°C. Analysis. Calculated: C,

7 41.92; H, 3.25; N, 7.52. Found: C, 42.02; H, 3.31 ; N, 7.53.

8

9 Example 5 0

2 2-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 3 1 , 1 -dioxide hydrochloride 4 5 Step A: 2-(2-Bromoethyl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-thieno[3, 2-e]-1 ,2- 6 thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 7 8 To a solution of 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 - 9 dioxide (2.0 g, 8.37 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added sodium hydride (0.37 g, 9.2 0 mmol), after stirring for 30 min 1 ,2-dibromoethane (2.36 g, 16.7 mmol) was added 1 and this mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 hr. The reaction mixture 2 was poured into water and the aqueous mixture was extracted with ether. The 3 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to an oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give 1.52 g (53%) 5 of the desired product as a viscous syrup which was used in the next step. 6

ι Step B: 6-Chloro-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -

2 dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step A (0.76 g, 2.20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30

5 mL) containing triethylamine (0.56 g, 5.5 mmol) was added methanesulfonic e anhydride (0.75 g, 4.3 mmol); this mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr

7 and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in DMF (30 mL), β triethylamine (1 mL) was added and the mixture heated at 150°C for 45 min.

9 Morpholine (3 mL, 34 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and heating o continued at the same temperature for 1 hr followed by heating at 100°C for an i additional hour. The volatiles were evaporated and the residue mixed with ethyl 2 acetate; this mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 3 dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to an oil which was purified by column 4 chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane to ethyl acetate) to give a s viscous oil (0.42 g, 58%) which was used in the next step. 6 7 Step C: 2-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide s 1 , 1 -dioxide hydrochloride 9 0 The product from Step B (1 .00 g, 2.99 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (30 mL) 1 and cooled to -65°C under nitrogen. n-Butyllithium (1.44 mL of a 2.5 M solution in 2 hexanes, 3.59 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture stirred for 20 min during 3 which time the temperature was allowed to increase to -45°C. The reaction mixture 4 was cooled to -70°C and sulfur dioxide was introduced into the flask for 5 min and 5 the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Evaporation of the reaction 6 mixture provided a residue which was dissolved in water to which was added 7 sodium acetate trihydrate (1 .63 g, 12 mmol); this solution was cooled to 0°C and β hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (0.676 g, 5.98 mmol) was added followed by stirring 9 for 18 hr. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined 0 extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a crude oil which was purified by 1 column chromatography (silica, 5% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a viscous 2 oil (0.115 g). This oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 mL) and treated with

ι ethanolic hydrogen chloride (2 mL). The suspension which formed was evaporated

2 to a solid which was triturated with ethyl acetate, filtered and dried (vacuum) to give

3 the desired product (105 mg, 17%): mp 234-236°C. Analysis. Calculated for

4 C ₁₂ H ₁₈ CIN ₃ O ₅ S ₃ : C, 34.65; H, 4.36; N, 10.10. Found: C, 34.69; H, 4.41 ; N, 10.04.

5

6 Example 6

9 2-Methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide o 1 , 1 -dioxide hydrochloride 1 2 Step A: N-[[3-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-N-methyl-glycine ethyl ester 3 4 To a solution of thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde ethylene acetal (5.82 g, 37.3 mmol) in 5 anhydrous THF (50 mL) at -70°C was added 2.5 M n-butyllithium (16.4 mL, 41 6 mmol) over 10 min. The solution was stirred at -50°C for 10 min, cooled to -70°C 7 for 30 min and sulfur dioxide was passed over the reaction mixture for 5 min. The 8 mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, the volatiles were 9 evaporated and methylene chloride (200 mL) was added. The suspension was 0 cooled (ice bath) and N-chlorosuccinimide (6.47 g, 48.5 mmol) was added. This 1 mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h, filtered and the filter pad was 2 washed with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The combined filtrates were added to a 3 solution of sarcosine ethyl ester hydrochloride (15.0 g, 97.6 mmol) in saturated 4 aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and the mixture stirred for 4 h at ambient 5 temperature. After the organic layer was separated, the aqueous layer was 6 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL), the combined extracts were dried 7 (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography β (silica, 30 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave an oil (8.95 g, 72%).

ι Step B: Ethyl 2-methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylate

2

3 A mixture of the product from Step A (8.80 g, 26.3 mmol) and 4-toluenesulfonic

4 acid (1.0 g) in acetone (250 mL) was stirred overnight at ambient temperature.

5 Water (0.5 mL) was added and this mixture was stirred for 4 h followed by addition e of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and evaporation of 7 the acetone. The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL) β ' and the combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to give crude

9 aldehyde which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL). DBN (0.5 g) was added o and the mixture heated at reflux temperature for 2 h, cooled and washed with a i saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL). The ethyl acetate 2 solution was dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by 3 column chromatography (silica, 30 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the desired 4 product as a white solid (5.05 g, 70%). 5 6 Step C: 2-Methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 7 s To a solution of the product from Step B (1.00 g, 3.66 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 9 mL) at -70°C was added DIBAL (1.0 M, 7.69 mL, 7.69 mmol). The mixture was 0 warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 2 h, additional DIBAL (20 mmol) 1 was added and the reaction was stirred for 18 h. Methanol (100 mL) was added 2 and the reaction mixture was evaporated to a residue which was suspended in 2 N 3 HCI (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 ml). The combined extracts 4 were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to give a solid which was recrystallized from 5 ethyl acetate/hexane to give the desired product (0.80 g, 95%): mp 128-130°C. 6 7 Step D: 2-Methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 8 9 To a solution of the product from Step C (0.79 g, 3.42 mmol) and triethylamine 0 (1.04 g, 10.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at ambient temperature was added 1 methanesulfonic anhydride (0.89 g, 5.13 mmol) with stirring. After 30 min 2 morpholine (2 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 1 h at ambient

ι temperature and then heated at reflux temperature for 1 h. The volatiles were

2 evaporated and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (80 mL) was

3 added. This mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the

4 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a viscous oil which

5 was purified by column chromatography (silica, 30 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to e give a white solid (0.82 g, 84%): mp 104-106°C.

7 β Step E: 2-Methyl-3-(4-morphoiinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

9 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

10 ii To a mixture of the product from Step D (0.30 g, 1.04 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30

12 mL) under nitrogen at -65°C was added 2.5 N n-butyllithium (0.63 mL, 1.56 mmol)

13 over 5 min. The mixture was stirred at -50°C for 10 min and at -65°C for 1 h.

14 Sulfur dioxide was passed over the mixture for 5 min and the mixture was allowed is to warm to ambient temperature followed by evaporation to dryness. Ice water (50

16 mL) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) were added

17 and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). Hydroxylamine-O- i8 sulfonic acid (0.294 g, 2.60 mmol) was added to the aqueous mixture and stirring

19 continued for 3 h. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and

20 the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give the free base

21 (0.098 g, 26%) which was converted to the hydrochloride salt by treatment with 1.5

22 N HCI in ethanol: mp 231 -233°C. Analysis: Calculated for C ₁₂ H ₁₈ CIN ₃ O ₅ S ₃ - 0.5

23 H ₂ O: C, 33.91 ; H, 4.51 ; N, 9.89. Found: C, 33.95; H. 4.58; N, 9.75.

24

25 Example 7

26

7

2β 2-[2-[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide

29 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

ι Step A: 2-[2-(Acetyloxy)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-N-(1 ,1 -dimethyl)ethyl-2H-

2 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product of Example 1 , Step F (3.00 g, 8.82 mmol) in anhydrous

5 DMF (50 mL) at ambient temperature under nitrogen was added sodium hydride e (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.424 g, 10.59 mmol). The mixture was stirred for

7 20 min, cooled (ice bath) and 2-bromoethyl acetate (2.21 g, 13.2 mmol) was β added. Stirring continued at this temperature for 2 h followed by warming the

9 reaction mixture to ambient temperature and stirring at this temperature for 18 h. o The mixture was poured into an ice/sodium bicarbonate mixture (100 mL) and i extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried 2 (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 3 chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a foamy residue (3.36 g, 4 89%). 5 6 Step B: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 7 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 8 9 To a solution of the product from Step A (3.36 g, 7.89 mmol) and 2,6-lutidine (3.00 0 mL, 25.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) under nitrogen was added 1 methanesulfonic anhydride (2.06 g, 11.8 mmol). This mixture was stirred for 30 2 min at ambient temperature followed by evaporation to a residue. Anhydrous DMF 3 (50 mL) and DBU (1 mL) were added to the residue and this mixture was heated at 4 165°C (bath temperature) for 20 min and evaporated to dryness. Methanol (50 mL) 5 and 2 N NaOH (20 mL) were added to the residue and this mixture was stirred for 6 2 h at ambient temperature. Methanol was evaporated and the aqueous mixture 7 was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried β (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give the desired product as an oil (2.78 g, 96%). 9

ι Step C: 2-[2-[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethyl]-N-(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)-2H-

2 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product of Step B (1.02 g, 2.79 mmol) and triethylamine (0.84

5 g, 8.36 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added methanesulfonic anhydride e (0.80 g, 4.18 mmol) under nitrogen. This mixture was stirred at ambient

7 temperature for 30 min followed by evaporation to a residue which was dissolved in β ethyl acetate (80 mL) and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium

9 bicarbonate (50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to ιo give a solid (1.06 g) which was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (50 mL) and bis-(2- ιι methoxyethyl)amine (5 mL) was added and the mixture heated at reflux

12 temperature for 1 h, cooled and poured into a saturated solution of sodium

13 bicarbonate (100 mL). The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL)

1 and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a crude oil is which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl

16 acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil (0.89 g, 66%).

17

18 Step D: 2-[2-[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)]amino]ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

19 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

20

21 The product from Step C (0.89 g, 1.85 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid

22 (8 mL) and the resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h.

23 Evaporation gave a residue which was mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of

24 sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL). The

25 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was

26 purified by column chromatography (silica, 3 to 5% methanol/methylene chloride) to

27 give an oil (0.74 g) which was converted to the hydrochloride salt by treatment with

28 2 N HCI in ethanol (0.63 g, 79%): mp 60-65°C. Analysis. Calculated for

29 C ₁₄ H ₂₄ CIN ₃ O _e S ₃ : C, 36.39; H, 5.24; N, 9.10. Found: C, 36.46; H, 5.28; N, 9.01.

30

Example 8

2-[2-(Propylamino)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

Step A: 2-[2-(Propylamino)ethyl]-N-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide

To a solution of the product from Example 7, Step B (1.02 g, 2.79 mmol) and triethylamine (0.84 g, 8.36 mmol) in anhydrous THF ( 50 mL) was added methanesulfonic anhydride (0.80 g, 4.18 mmol) with stirring under nitrogen. The volatiles were evaporated after 30 min and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (80 mL). This mixture was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a solid. The solid (1.55 g from two batches) was dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous DMF (40 mL) and 1-propylamine (6 mL) and heated at reflux temperature for 1 h followed by evaporation to a residue which was added to a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL). This mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to an oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 6% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a viscous oil (1 .17 g, 84%).

Step B: 2-[2-(Propylamino)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide

1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

The product from Step A (0.37 g, 0.90 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. Evaporation gave a residue which was mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 10% methanol/methylene chloride) to give an oil (0.19 g). Treatment with 1.5 N HCI in ethanol gave the hydrochloride salt (0.18 g, 50%): mp 208-210°C. Analysis. Calculated for C, 34.06; H, 4.68; N, 10.83. Found: C, 34.13; H, 4.67; N, 10.78.

Example 9

2-[2-[4-Acetyl-(1 -piperazinyl)]ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 , 2 ^< -thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

Step A: 2-[2-[4-Acetyl-(1-piperazinyl)]ethyl]-N-(1 ,1 -dimethyl)ethyl-2H-thieno[3,2- e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

To a solution of Example 7, Step B (2.78 g, 7.60 mmol) and triethylamine (2.30 g, 22.8 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added methanesulfonic anhydride (2.17 g, 11.4 mmol); this mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min followed by evaporation to give a residue which was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL); this

ι solution was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (80

2 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a solid (3.45 g). A portion of this solid

3 (1.70 g) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (50 mL), 1-acetylpiperazine (2.40 g, 18.7

4 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 1 h,

5 cooled, poured into ice water (150 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ethyl e acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated

7 to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate to β 10% methanol/ethyl acetate) to give a viscous oil (1.30 g, 73%) which solidified

9 upon standing: mp 135-138°C. 0 i Step B: 2-[2-[4-Acetyl-(1-piperazinyl)]ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- 2 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 3 4 A solution of the product from Step A (1.30 g) in trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) was 5 stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h and evaporated to dryness. The residue 6 was suspended in a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (80 mL) and 7 this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts s were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue that was purified by column 9 chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate to 10% ethanol/ethyl acetate) to give a solid 0 which was recrystallized from methanol/methylene chloride to give the desired 1 product (0.59 g, 52%): mp 180-183°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₄ H ₂₀ N ₄ O ₅ S ₃ : C, 2 39.98; H, 4.79; N, 13.32. Found: C, 40.02; H, 4.78; N, 13.23. 3 4 Example 10

5

6 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2-thiazine- 7 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

ι Step A: N-[[3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-glycine ethyl ester

2

3 A solution of 3-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride, prepared from

4 thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde ethylene acetal (13.27 g, 85.1 mmol) as described in

5 Example 6, Step A, was combined with glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride (33.99 g,

6 221 mmol) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (250 mL).

7 After stirring for 18 hr at ambient temperature, the organic layer was separated, β dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column

9 chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil (16.55 g, 61 %). 0 i Step B: Ethyl 2-(3-methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylate 2 1 ,1 -dioxide 3 4 A solution of potassium t-butoxide in t-butanol (1 M, 15.7 mL, 15.7 mmol) was 5 added to a solution of the product of Step A (4.80 g, 14.95 mmol) in anhydrous 6 DMF (50 mL) at 0°C followed by 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane (3.43 g, 22.4 mmol) 7 and sodium iodide (0.2 g). The mixture was stirred for 5 h at ambient temperature, s poured into ice water (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The 9 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to give a viscous 0 liquid which was dissolved in acetone (300 mL); p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.4 g) was 1 added and this mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 4.5 h. A saturated 2 aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) was added to the reaction 3 mixture and acetone was evaporated. The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL) and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered 5 and evaporated to give crude aldehyde which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 6 mL). DBN (0.2 g) was added and the mixture heated at reflux temperature for 2 h 7 under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled, quenched with a 2 N HCI (50 mL) and 8 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 mL). The combined extracts were dried 9 (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a syrup which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a white solid (2.68 g, 54%): mp 82-83°C. 1

ι Step C: 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1 -

2 dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step B (3.70 g, 11.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF

5 (50 mL) at ambient temperature under nitrogen was added DIBAL (50 mL of a 1.0 e M solution, 50.0 mmol). After stirring for 4 h the reaction mixture was cooled (ice

7 bath) and 2N HCI (100 mL) was added over a 10 min period. THF was evaporated β and the aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The

9 combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to give a viscous oil o (3.23 g), which was used in the next step without further purification. 1 2 Step D: 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2- 3 thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 4 5 To a solution of the product from Step C (1.30 g, 4.50 mmol) and triethylamine 6 (1.36 g, 13.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at ambient temperature was added 7 methanesulfonic anhydride (1.18 g, 6.75 mmol). After stirring for 30 min, s morpholine (5 mL) was added; this mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 9 18 h and then heated at reflux for 1 h. The volatiies were evaporated and a 0 saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) was added. The 1 mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined extracts 2 were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a viscous oil which was purified by 3 column chromatography (silica, 30 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous 4 oil (1.51 g, 94%). 5 6 Step E: 2-(3-Methoxypropyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2- 7 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride 8 9 n-Butyllithium (3.35 mL of a 2.5 M solution, 8.38 mmol) was added to a solution of 0 the product from Step D (1.50 g, 4.19 mmol) in anhydrous THF (60 mL) under 1 nitrogen at -70°C. After stirring at this temperature for 30 min, a stream of sulfur 2 dioxide was passed through the mixture (5 min) which was allowed to warm to

ι room temperature and then evaporated to a residue. A saturated aqueous solution

2 of sodium bicarbonate (150 mL) was added to the residue and this mixture was

3 extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The aqueous mixture was cooled (ice bath)

4 and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1.42 g, 12.6 mmol) was added; this mixture

5 was stirred for 15 h and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined

6 extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by

7 column chromatography (silica, 80 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil β (0.81 g) which was dissolved in ethyl acetate, treated with 1.5 M HCI/EtOH (1 mL)

9 and evaporated to give the hydrochloride salt (0.69 g, 35%): mp 145-149°C. o Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₅ H ₂₄ CIN ₃ O _e S ₃ : C, 38.00; H, 5.10; N, 8.86. Found: C, i 37.90; H, 5.15; N, 8.78. 2 3 By following the above procedure but using instead n-propylbromide, i-butylbromide 4 or cyclopropylmethylbromide in Step B the following compounds were prepared: 5 6 1. 3-(4-Morpholinylmethyl)-2-propyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 7 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 233°C. 8 9 2. 2-(2-Methylpropyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 ,2-thiazine-6- 0 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide, mp 180-181 °C. 1 2 3. 2-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2- e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 3 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 1 10° C. 4 5 By following the above procedure but using the appropriate alkylbromide instead of 6 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane in Step B the following compounds were prepared: 7 8 4. 3-(4-Morpholinylmethyl)-2-(2-propenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide, mp 136-138°C. 0 1 5. 2-Ethyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 239-241 °C.

By following the above procedure but using propylbromide in Step B and propargylamine in Step D the following compound was prepared:

6. 2-Propyl-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide, mp 136-138°C.

Example 11

3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenylme thyl)-2H- thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide

Step A: N-[[3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenylmeth yl) glycine ethyl ester

To a solution of the product from Example 10, Step A (2.80 g, 8.72 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) at 0°C was added a solution of potassium t-butoxide in t- butanol (1 M, 9.16 mL, 9.16 mmol) followed by 4-methoxybenzyl chloride (1.78 g, 11.34 mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h, poured into 2 N HCI (50 mL), diluted with water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 120 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to give a viscous oil (3.91 g) which was used in the next step.

ι Step B: Ethyl 2-(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-

2 carboxylate 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 A mixture of the product from Step A (3.91 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.2 g) in

5 acetone (150 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 3 h, cooled and a saturated e solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) was added and acetone evaporated. The 7 aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL) and the combined β extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and filtered. DBU (0.3 g) was added to the filtrate

9 and this mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 2 h, cooled and acidified by o the addition of 1 N HCI. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO ₄ ) and i evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 30% 2 ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil (1.80 g, 55%). 3 4 Step C: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- 5 thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1-dioxide 6 7 To a solution of the product from Step B (1.80 g, 4.75 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 8 mL) at ambient temperature was added DIBAL (1.0 M, 11.87 mL, 11.87 mmol) and 9 the mixture was stirred for 1 h. Additional DIBAL (1 M, 15 mL,15 mmol) was 0 added (TLC showed starting material remained) and the reaction mixture was 1 stirred for 20 h, cooled (ice bath) and the reaction was quenched by the slow 2 addition of 1 N HCI (100 mL). THF was evaporated and the aqueous mixture was 3 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried 4 (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to give an oil (1.60 g) which was used in the next 5 step without further purification. 6 7 Step D: 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenylmethy l)-2H- 8 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 9 0 To a solution of the product from Step C (1.60 g, 4.75 mmol) and triethylamine 1 (1.44 g, 14.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) at ambient temperature was 2 added methanesulfonic anhydride (1.24 g, 7.13 mmol). After 1 h, the reaction

ι mixture was divided into two equal portions; to one of these portions was added

2 bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine (6 mL). The mixture was stirred for 72 h, evaporated to

3 dryness and the residue extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined

4 extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to a residue which was

5 purified by column chromatography (silica, 20-30% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an e oil (0.71 g) which solidified upon standing: mp 75-77°C.

7 β Step E: 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminoJmethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenylmethy l)-2H-

9 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 0 i To a mixture of the product of Step D (1.08 g, 2.39 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 2 mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M, 1.91 mL, 4.78 mmol) 3 over 5 min. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and then sulfur dioxide was passed 4 over the reaction mixture for about 5 min followed by allowing the reaction mixture 5 to warm to ambient temperature, and finally the mixture was evaporated to 6 dryness. A saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) was 7 added to the residue; this mixture was cooled (ice bath) and hydroxylamine-O- 8 sulfonic acid (1.00 g, 8.84 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 18 h at 9 ambient temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The 0 combined extracts were dried (MgSO and evaporated to a residue which was 1 purified by column chromatography (silica, first column 50% ethyl acetate/hexane; 2 second column 5% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a solid which was 3 triturated with methylene chloride/hexane, filtered and dried under vacuum at 65°C 4 to give a solid (0.29 g, 23%): mp 104-105°C (dec). Analysis. Calculated for 5 C ₂₁ H ₂₉ N ₃ O ₇ S ₃ : C, 47.44; H, 5.50; N, 7.90. Found: C, 47.50; H, 5.49; N, 7.95. 6 7 By using the procedure described above but using instead the appropriate 8 alkylhalide in Step A the following compounds were prepared: 9 0 1. 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-ethyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e ]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- 1 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 185-186°C. 2

ι 2. 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-propyl-2H-thieno[3,2- e]-1 ,2-thiazine-

2 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 201-203°C.

3

4 3. 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-t hieno[3,2-e]-

5 1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 200-202°C.

6

7 By using the procedure described above but using instead methyl iodide as the β alkylhalide in Step A and 2-methoxyethyl(3-methoxypropyl)amine as the alkylamine 9 in Step D the following compound was prepared: 0 4. 3-[[(2-methoxyethyl)(3-methoxypropyl)amino]methyl]-2-methyl- 2H-thieno[3,2- 2 e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 173-175°C. 3 Example 12 5

7 2-[4-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-butenyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 8 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride 9 0 Step A: 3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-N-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)-2- 1 butenyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 2 3 Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.1 13 g, 2.82 mmol) was added to a 4 solution of the product from Example 1 , Step F (0.80 g, 2.35 mmol) in anhydrous 5 DMF (50 mL) under nitrogen. After 20 min, the reaction mixture was cooled (ice 6 bath), 1 ,4-dibromo-2-butene (0.754 g, 3.53 mmol) was added and the mixture 7 stirred for 2 h. Morpholine (5 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred β at ambient temperature for 18 h. DMF was evaporated under reduced pressure

ι and the residue was mixed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (100

2 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were

3 dried (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to dryness. Chromatography on silica (ethyl

4 acetate) gave the desired product as a viscous oil (0.65 g, 58%).

5

6 Step B: N-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)-2-butenyl]-2H-thieno[ 3,2-e]-

7 1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

8

9 To a solution of the product from Step A (0.64 g, 1.34 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 o mL) under nitrogen were added methanesulfonic anhydride (0.349 g, 2.00 mmol) i and 2,6-lutidine (0.431 g, 4.02 mmol). After 30 min, an additional quantity of 2 methanesulfonic anhydride (0.349 g, 2.00 mmol) and 2,6-lutidine (0.431 g, 4.02 3 mmol) was added and the reaction continued for 30 min. Evaporation of the 4 solvent provided a residue which was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (50 mL) and s DBN (1 mL) was added. This mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 1 h, 6 cooled, poured into a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and 7 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried over 8 (MgSO ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 9 chromatography (silica, 5% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a viscous oil (0.35 0 g, 57%). 1 2 Step C: 2-[4-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-butenyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- 3 sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide hydrochloride 4 5 A solution of the product from Step B (0.35 g) in trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was 6 stirred at ambient temperature for 3 days and evaporated to dryness. The residue 7 was mixed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and this β mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL). The combined extracts were 9 dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 0 chromatography (silica, 6% methanol/methylene chloride to give a viscous oil (0.21 1 g, 68%). The free base was converted to the hydrochloride salt by treating a 2 methanol solution (5 mL) of the free base with 2 N HCI/ethanol. The residue was

ι dissolved in methanol and evaporated under high vacuum at 65 °C to give 0.152 g

2 of a powder (50%): mp 108-112°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₂ H ₂₀ CIN ₃ O ₅ S ₃ - 0.5

3 H ₂ O: C, 37.28; H, 4.69: N, 9.31. Found: C, 37.35; H, 4.68; N, 9.25.

4

5 Example 13

^β 2-(4-Methoxyphenylmethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[ 3,2-e]-1 ,

9 2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride 0 i Step A: 2-(4-Methoxyphenylmethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[ 3,2-e]- 2 1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 3 4 Methanesulfonic anhydride (1.24 g, 7.13 mmol) was added to a solution of the 5 product of Example 11 , Step C (1.3 g, 3.86 mmol) and triethylamine (1.17 g, 11.6 6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 1 h, 7 morpholine (3 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux s temperature for 1 h followed by removal of solvent. A saturated aqueous solution 9 of sodium bicarbonate was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate 0 (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to an oil 1 which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 30% to 60% ethyl 2 acetate/hexane) to give a solid (1.39 g, 88%): mp 112-114°C. 3

ι Step B: 2-(4-Methoxyphenylmethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[ 3,2-e]-

2 1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

3

4 The product of Step A (0.70 g, 1.72 mmol) was treated in a manner analogous to

5 that described for Example 11 , Step E to give, after purification by column e chromatography (silica, 50% to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane), a viscous oil (0.34 g).

7 Treatment of this oil with 2 N HCI in ethanol provided the hydrochloride salt (0.342 β g, 20%): mp 212-214°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₉ H ₂₄ CIN ₃ 0 ₆ S ₃ : C, 43.71 ; H,

9 4.63; N, 8.05. Found: C, 43.88; H, 4.73; N, 7.97. 0 i Example 14 2

4 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 5 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide 6 7 Step A: 3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-thiophene-2-sulfonamid e 8 9 A solution of 3-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (11.16 g), prepared 0 from thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde ethylene acetal as described in Example 6, Step 1 A, in THF (100 mL) at 0°C was combined with p-anisidine (7.87 g, 63.9 mmol) and 2 triethylamine (4.04 g, 40 mmol). After stirring for 4 hr at ambient temperature, the 3 mixture was evaporated to a residue which was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 4 150 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue 5 which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) to 6 give an oil (10.21 g, 75%). 7

ι Step B: N-[(3-formyl-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-glycine methyl

2 ester

3

4 To a solution of the product of Step A (10.21 g, 29.9 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100

5 mL) and DMF (15 mL) at 0°C was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in e mineral oil, 1.32 g, 32.9 mmol). After stirring for 30 min, methyl 2-bromoacetate

7 (5.49 g, 35.9 mmol) was added and stirring continued at ambient temperature for 4 β h. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated solution of sodium

9 bicarbonate (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The o combined extracts was dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give an oil which was i dissolved in acetone (150 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 g) was added. 2 This solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h, heated at reflux 3 temperature for 5 h, cooled and mixed with water (100 mL) and sodium carbonate 4 (1.0 g). Acetone was evaporated and the aqueous was extracted with ethyl 5 acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated 6 to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl 7 acetate/hexane) to give an oil (3.67 g, 33%). 8 9 Step C: Methyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3- 0 carboxylate 1 ,1 -dioxide 1 2 A mixture of the product from Step B (3.67 g, 9.95 mmol), DBU (1.0 mL) and 3 molecular sieves (1 .5 g) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, washed with 2 N HCI (50 mL) and brine (50 5 mL), and dried (MgSO ₄ ). Evaporation of the solvent provided the desired ester 6 (1 .92 g) as an oil which was used without further purification. 7

ι Step D: 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1 -

2 dioxide

3

4 A 1 M solution of DIBAL in THF (45 mL, 45 mmol) was added to a solution of the

5 product from Step C (1.92 g) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) and this mixture was e stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. After cooling (ice bath) the reaction was

7 quenched by the addition of 1 N HCI (100 mL). This mixture was extracted with β ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and

9 evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 50% o ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil (1.19 g, 41%). 1 2 Step E: 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H- 3 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide 4 5 To a solution of the product of Step D (1.19 g, 3.68 mmol) and triethylamine (1.24 6 g, 12.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added methanesulfonic anhydride 7 (1.07 g, 6.13 mmol). After 30 min, bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine (3 mL) was added 8 and stirring continued for 18 h at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was 9 heated at reflux temperature for 1 h, cooled, poured into a saturated solution of 0 sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 1 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue 2 which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) to 3 give a viscous oil (1.16 g, 72%). 4 5 Step F: 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H- 6 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulf onamide 1 , 1 -dioxide 7 8 The product of Step E (1 .12 g, 2.56 mmol) was treated in a manner analogous to 9 that described for Example 11 , Step E to give, after purification by column 0 chromatography (silica, 60% to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) a colorless glass (0.41 1 g, 31%): mp 48-51 °C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₂₀ H ₂₇ N ₃ O ₇ S ₃ : C, 46.40; H, 5.26; 2 N, 8.11. Found: C, 46.34; H, 5.30; N, 8.04.

By following the procedure described above but replacing para-anisidine with 4-(4- morpholinyl)-aniline in Step A, and further replacing bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine with morpholine in Step E the following compound was prepared:

1. 3-(4-Morpholinylmethyl)-2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2H-thien o[3,2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 230-235°C.

Example 15

ιo 2-(1 -Methylethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- ιι 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

12

13 Step A: 3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide

14

15 By following the procedure described in Example 14, Step A , but using

16 isopropylamine in place of para-anisidine the desired compound was obtained,

17 following column chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane), as a colorless is oil (62%).

19

20 Step B: N-[[3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-N-(1-methylethyl)-glyc ine

21 ethyl ester

22 3 To a solution of the product from Step A (25.0 g, 90.3 mmol) in anhydrous DMF 4 (350 mL) at 0°C was added a 1 M solution of potassium t-butyloxide in t-butanol 5 (99.3 mL, 99.3 mmol) followed by ethyl bromoacetate (12.0 mL, 18.1 g, 108.4 6 mmol). The solution, which immediately turned cloudy, was maintained at 0°C for 7 18 h. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of

sodium bicarbonate (600 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ether (3 x 300 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give an viscous oil (36.25 g) which was used in the next reaction without further purification.

Step C: Ethyl 2-(1-methylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylate 1 ,1- dioxide

A solution of the product from Step B (36.25 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (2.0 g) in acetone (300 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 6 h, cooled and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) was added. Acetone was evaporated and the aqueous mixture was extracted with ether (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a dark brown oil which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL). DBU (2 mL) was added to this solution and after 1 h the reaction mixture was washed with 2 N HCI and brine, dried (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to give a solid which was recrystallized from 25% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 9.95 g of product. The mother liquor was chromatographed (silica, 25% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an additional 3.57 g of product (total 13.52 g, 50%): mp 97-99°C.

Step D: 2-(1-Methylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1-dioxide

To a solution of the product from Step C (13.80 g, 45.85 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at ambient temperature was added DIBAL (1.0 M, 145 mL, 145 mmol) under nitrogen. After stirring for 5 h, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and mixed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), water was slowly added over 20 min. The mixture was acidified with 2 N HCI and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil. Crystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane gave the desired product (7.51 g, 63%): mp 67-69°C.

ι Step E: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

2 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step D (3.25 g, 12.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (60

5 mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M, 12.5 mL, 31.4 mmol) e over 5 min. The suspension was stirred for 1 h before a stream of sulfur dioxide

7 was passed over the surface of the reaction mixture for 5 min. The mixture was β warmed to ambient temperature and evaporated to give a residue which was

9 combined with water (100 mL); this mixture was cooled (ice bath) and o hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (4.24 g, 37.5 mmol) and NaOAc (8.5 g, 62.5 mmol) i were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h and 2 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried 3 (MgSO ₄ ), filtered, and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 4 chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil (4.20 g, s 98%). 6 7 Step F: 2-(1-Methylethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- 8 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 9 0 To a solution of the product from Step E (2.16 g, 6.39 mmol) and triethylamine 1 (2.58 g, 25.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) at 0°C was added p- 2 toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.44 g, 12.8 mmol) with stirring. After 1 h the reaction 3 mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and maintained at this temperature for 4 4 h. Half of the reaction mixture was removed, cooled on an ice bath and 5 morpholine (3 mL) was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 6 h and evaporated to a residue which was mixed with ethyl acetate (200 mL); this 7 solution was washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), β dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered and evaporated to a residue which was purified by colunmn 9 chromatography (silica, 4% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a viscous oil 0 which crystalized from methylene chloride/hexane to afford a yellowish solid (0.41 1 g, 32%): mp 196-198°C. Analysis: Calculated for C ₁₄ H ₂₁ N ₃ 0 ₅ S ₃ : C, 41.26; H, 5.19; 2 N, 10.31. Found: C, 41.35; H, 5.10; N, 10.28.

Example 16

2-(1 -Methylethyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

To a solution of the product from Example 15, Step E (1.40 g, 4.14 mmol) and triethylamine (1.26 g, 12.4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (80 mL) at 0°C was added p- toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.18 g, 6.21 mmol) and the mixture was maintained at this temperature for 20 h. Propargylamine (3 mL) was added to the reaction mixture which was stirred for an additional 18 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to a residue which was mixed with 2 N HCI (60 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and adjusted to pH 7.5 by the addition of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) followed by extraction with ethyl acetate (2 x 60 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 50% to 75% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil which crystallized from methylene chloride/hexane to provided an off-white solid (0.61 g, 39%): mp 133-135°C. Analysis: Calculated for C ₁₃ H ₁₇ N ₃ O ₄ S ₃ : C, 41.58; H, 4.60; N, 11.11. Found: C, 41.42; H, 4.60;0N, 11.11.

Example 17

2-(1-Methylethyl)-3-[[(2-methoxyethyl)(3-methoxypropyl)am ino]methyl]-2H- thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

By following the procedure described in Example 16 but using (2-methoxyethyl)(3- methoxypropyl)amine instead of propargylamine, 2-(1-methylethyl)-3-[[(2- methoxyethyl)(3-methoxypropyl)amino]methyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2-thiazine-6- sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide was obtained as an oil following purification by column chromatography (silica, column one: 3% to 5% methanol/methylene chloride; column two: gradient, 60% ethyl acetate/hexane to ethyl acetate). Treatment of this oil with ethanolic hydrogen chloride provided the title compound as a white solid (26%): mp 56-60°C. Analysis: Calculated for C ₁₃ H ₁₇ N ₃ O ₄ S ₃ - 0.5H ₂ O: C, 39.79; H, 6.09; N, 8.19. Found: C, 39.50; H, 6.14; N, 8.12.

Example 18

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thieno [3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-

6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

Step A: 3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide

2

3 By following the procedure described in Example 14, Step A, but using meta-

4 anisidine in place of para-anisidine the desired compound was obtained, following

5 column chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane), as a solid (62%): mp e 112-114°C.

7

8 Step B: N-[[3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-

9 glycine ethyl ester 0 i A solution of the product from Step A (10.0 g, 29.3 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (100 2 mL) was treated in a manner essentially analogous to that described in Example 3 15, Step B to give a viscous oil (12.52 g) which was used in the next step without 4 further purification. 5 6 Step C: Ethyl 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylate 7 1 ,1 -dioxide 8 9 A solution of the product from Step B (33.78 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate 0 (3.0 g) in acetone (300 mL) were treated in a manner essentially analogous to that 1 described in Example 15, Step C to give a total of 13.41 g (46%) of the desired 2 product: mp 107-109°C. 3 4 Step D: 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1- 5 dioxide 6 7 A solution of the product of Step C (5.64 g, 15.45 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 β mL) was treated with DIBAL (66 mmol) in a manner essentially analogous to that 9 described in Example 15, Step D to provide the desired product as a white solid o (3.62 g, 73%): mp 141-143°C. 1

ι Step E: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

2 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 A solution of the product from Step D (2.0 g, 6.19 mmol) was treated sequentially

5 with n-butyllithium, sulfur dioxide and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid in a manner e essentially analogus to that described in Example 15, Step E to give an orange

7 solid (1.78 g, 72%): mp 180-182°C.

8

9 Step F: 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynyiamino)methyl]-2H-thieno[3, 2-e]-1 ,2- o thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 1 2 To a solution of the product from Step E (0.766 g, 1.89 mmol) and triethylamine 3 (0.57 g, 5.67 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at 0°C was added p-toluenesulfonyl 4 chloride (0.54 g, 2.84 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h maintaining s a temperature below 15°C. Propargylamine (2 mL) was added and this mixture 6 was stirred for 18 h, evaporation of the solvent provided a residue which was 7 acidified to pH 1 with 2 N HCI and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The s aqueous layer was separated, adjusted to pH 7.5 with a saturated aqueous solution 9 of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 0 x 80 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a 1 solid which was recrystallized from methylene chloride/hexane to give a cream 2 colored solid (0.26 g, 31 %): mp 174-176°C. Analysis: Calculated for C ₁₇ H ₁₇ N ₃ O ₅ S ₃ - 3 0.5H ₂ O: C, 45.52; H, 4.05; N, 9.36. Found: C, 45.53; H, 3.85; N, 9.12. 4 5 By following the procedure described above but replacing propargylamine with 6 morpholine in step F the following compound was prepared: 7 8 1. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2-thiazine-6- 9 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride mp 170-174°C. 0 1 By following the procedure described above but replacing meta-anisidine with the 2 appropriate substituted aniline in Step A the following compounds were prepared:

2. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thien o[3,2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 154-156°C.

3. 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thien o[3,2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 236-237°C.

By following the procedure described above using 3,5-dimethoxyaniline in Step A and replacing propargylamine with morpholine in Step F the following compound was prepared:

4. 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3, 2-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 236-237°C.

Example 19

2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thieno [3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

Step A: 3-Chloromethyl-N-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2H- thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

To a solution of the product from Example 18, Step D (4.81 g, 14.89 mmol) in anhydrous THF (80 mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M, 14.89 mL, 37.22 mmol) over 5 min. After stirring for 1 h, a stream of sulfur dioxide was passed over the surface of the reaction mixture for about 5 min. The mixture

ι was warmed to ambient temperature and evaporated to a residue which was mixed

2 with methylene chloride (250 mL). This suspension was cooled on an ice bath and

3 N-chlorosuccinimide (6.96 g, 52.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was

4 stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h and t-butylamine (15 mL, 143 mmol) was

5 added; the mixture was evaporated to dryness after 16 h. The residue was mixed e with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and extracted

7 with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and β evaporated to give a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica,

9 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil (4.41 g, 62%): 0 i Step B: 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2-propynylamino)methyl]-2H-thieno[3, 2-e]-1 ,2- 2 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride 3 4 To a solution of the product from Step A (1.00 g, 2.10 mmol) in anhydrous DMF s (20 mL) was added propargylamine (1.77 g, 32.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred 6 at ambient temperature for 30 min, heated at 80°C for 2 h and evaporated to 7 dryness. The residue was mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 8 bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The 9 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was 0 purified by column chromatography (silica, 50 % ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a 1 viscous oil (0.53 g, 51%). The oil was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 mL), 2 cooled to 0°C, and a 1 M solution of BBr ₃ in methylene chloride (5.25 mL) was 3 added over 3 min. The mixture was allowed to warmed to ambient temperature 4 and maintained at this temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was poured into a 5 saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with 6 ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and 7 evaporated to an oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 70% 8 ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil which was dissolved in ethyl acetate and 9 treated with HCI/EtOH. After evaporating the solvent, the salt was recrystallized 0 from ethanol/methylene chloride to give a yellowish solid (0.278 g, 57%): mp 195- 1 198°C. Analysis. Calculated, for C ₁₆ H ₁₆ CIN ₃ O ₅ S ₃ : C, 41.60; H, 3.49; N, 9.09. 2 Found: C, 41.69; H, 3.51 ; N, 9.04.

ι By following the procedure described above but replacing propargylamine with

2 morpholine in Step B the following compound was prepared:

3 1. 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e] -1 ,2-thiazine-

5 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide mp 220-222°C.

6

7 Example 20

8

ιo N-[[6-(Aminosulfonyl)-2-methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazin-3-yl]methyl]-N-methyl- ιι glycine ethyl ester S\ S ¹ -dioxide

12

13 Step A: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide

14 1 , 1 -dioxide

15

16 To a solution of the product from Example 6, Step C (3.20 g, 13.85 mmol) in

17 anhydrous THF (50 mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M,

18 12.74 mL, 31.86 mmol) via syringe over 3 min. The suspension was stirred for 10

19 min before a stream of sulfur dioxide was passed over the surface of the reaction

20 mixture for about 5 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature

21 and solvent was evaporated to give a residue which was mixed with ice-water (200

22 mL). Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (4.70 g, 41 .6 mmol) and sodium acetate (7.53

23 g, 55.4 mmol) were added and this aqueous mixture was stirred at ambient

2 temperature for 16 h followed by extraction with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The

25 combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a solid which was

26 recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane (3.55 g, 83%): mp 144-146°C.

27

ι Step B: N-[[6-(Aminosulfonyl)-2-methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazin-3-

2 yl]methyl]-N-methyl-glycine ethyl ester S ¹ , S ¹ -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step A (1.00 g, 3.23 mmol) and triethylamine

5 (0.652 g, 6.45 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at ambient temperature was e added methanesulfonic anhydride (0.844 g, 4.85 mmol). After 30 min sacosine

7 ethyl ester (freshly prepared from 3.00 g of the hydrochloride salt, 7.9 mmol) was

8 added and the mixture stirred for 3 h, evaporated to dryness, mixed with a

9 saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with o ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and i evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 50% 2 ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil (0.94 g, 71 %). The oil was dissolved in ethyl 3 acetate (10 mL) and treated with 2 N ethanolic HCI. The volatiles were evaporated 4 and the residue was recrystallized from a water/methanol mixture to give a white 5 solid which analyzed as the free base (0.396 g, 30%): mp 106-108°C. Analysis. 6 Calculated for C ₁₃ H ₁₉ N ₃ O ₆ S ₃ : C, 38.13; H, 4.68; N, 10.26. Found: C, 38.16; H, 7 4.63; N, 10.31. 8 9 Example 21 0

2 N-[[6-(Aminosulfonyl)-2-methyl-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazin-3-yl]methyl]-glycine 2- 3 methylethyl ester S ¹ , S ¹ -dioxide hydrochloride 4 5 To a solution of the product from Example 20, Step A (1.00 g, 3.23 mmol) and 6 triethylamine (0.65 g, 6.45 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at ambient 7 temperature was added methanesulfonic anhydride (0.843 g, 4.84 mmol). After 5 β min glycine isopropyl ester (1 .20 g, 10.3 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred

ι for 2 h, evaporated to dryness, mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium

2 bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The

3 combined extracts was washed with 2 N HCI (2 x 50 mL). The aqueous was

4 separated, adjusted to about pH 8 and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL).

5 The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ⁴ ) and evaporated to give an oil (0.51 g) e which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL) and treated with 2 N ethanolic HCI. 7 Evaporation of the solvent provided a residue which was recrystallized from β isopropanol to give a white solid (0.37 g, 26%): mp 202-205°C. Analysis

9 calculated for C ₁₃ H ₁₉ N ₃ O ₆ S ₃ -HCI-H ₂ O: C, 33.65; H, 4.78; N, 9.06. Found: C, 33.69; o H, 4.76; N, 8.85. 1 2 Example 22 3

5 3-[[(2-methoxyethyl)methylamino]methyl]-2-methyl-2H-thieno[3 ,2-e]-1 , 6 2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 7 8 To a stirred solution of the product from Example 20, Step A (0.80 g, 2.58 mmol) 9 and triethylamine (0.52 g, 5.16 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was added 0 methanesulfonic anhydride (0.674 g, 3.87 mmol) under nitrogen. After 30 min the 1 reaction mixture was cooled on an ice bath and (2-methoxyethyl)methylamine (1 2 mL) was added, warmed to ambient temperature and maintained at this 3 temperature for 2 h followed by heating at reflux temperature for 10 min and 4 evaporated to dryness. The residue was mixed with 2 N HCI (50 mL) and 5 extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) to remove unreacted starting material. The 6 aqueous layer was separated, mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 7 bicarbonate (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The 8 combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to dryness. Column 9 chromatography on silica (4% methanol/methylene chloride) gave a viscous oil

which was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/chlorobutane to give a yellowish solid (0.635 g, 66%): mp 127-129°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₂ H ₁₉ N ₃ O ₅ S ₃ : C, 37.78; H, 5.02; N, 11.01. Found: C, 37.77; H, 4.99; N, 10.98.

Example 23

3-[(Acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thien o[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- 6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

Step A: 3-(2-Dioxolanyl)-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)]ethyl]-2-thiophenesulf onamide

To a solution of thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde ethylene acetal (10.0 g, 64.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M, 28.2 mL, 70.5 mmol) over 10 min with stirring under nitrogen. The solution was stirred at -50oC for 10 min and -70°C for 1 h. Sulfur dioxide gas was passed over the reaction mixture for about 10 min followed by warming to room temperature and then evaporating to dryness. The residue was mixed with methylene chloride (200 mL) and N-chlorosuccinimide (11.13 g, 83.3 mmol) was added to the suspension. After 2 h, the mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was cooled (ice bath) and 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethylamine (11.6 g, 89.1 mmol) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give a crude oil. Chromatography on silica (50% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave a viscous oil (20.15 g, 90%).

ι Step B: N-[(3-Formyl-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]- glycine

2 methyl ester

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step A (6.34 g, 18.2 mmol) in anhydrous DMF

5 (40 mL) at ambient temperature was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in e mineral oil, 0.80 g, 20.0 mmol) with stirring under nitrogen. After 20 min, methyl 2-

7 bromoacetate (3.62 g, 23.7 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred β at ambient temperature for 40 min; a 2N HCI aqueous solution (50 mL) was added

9 and the mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into a o saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (150 mL) and extracted with i ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium 2 sulfate and evaporated to give a crude oil (6.53 g, 95%). 3 4 Step C: 2-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-2-carboxylic 5 acid methyl ester 1 ,1 -dioxide 6 7 A mixture of the product from Step B (6.53 g, 1.74 mmol), DBU (0.8 mL) and s molecular sieves (4.0 g) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was stirred at ambient 9 temperature overnight and mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 0 bicarbonate (80 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (100 1 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give a crude oil. 2 Chromatography on silica (66% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave a white solid (4.15 g, 3 67%): mp 103-106°C. 4 5 Step D: 2-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1- 6 dioxide 7 8 To a stirred solution of the product from Step C (3.80 g, 10.6 mmol) in anhydrous 9 THF (50 mL) at 0°C was added a 1 M solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride in 0 THF (31.8 mL, 31.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h and then warmed to 1 ambient temperature and stirred for an additional 30 min, cooled (ice bath) and the 2 reaction was quenched by the addition of a aqueous solution of potassium sodium

tartrate (15.0 g in 50 mL of water). This mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and extracted with ethyl acetate (22 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give a solid (3.26 g, 93%): mp 1 19-121 °C.

Step E: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

To a mixture of the product from Step D (3.25 g, 9.85 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 9.06 mL, 22.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 7 min before sulfur dioxide gas was passed over the solution for about 5 min. The resulting mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and evaporated to a residue which was mixed with ice-water (150 mL), hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (3.34 g, 29.6 mmol) and sodium acetate (6.20 g, 45.6 g) and stirred for 4 h at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 5% to 10% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a glass (3.10 g, 77%).

Step F: 3-(Acetyloxymethyl)-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2H-thieno[3,2 -e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

The product from Step E (0.80 g, 1 .96 mmol) was mixed with acetic acid (20 mL) and acetic anhydride (0.45 g, 4.41 mmol), stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h, heated at reflux temperature for 2 h and evaporated to give an oil. A solution of the oil in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give a viscous oil. Purification of this oil by column chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane to ethyl acetate gradient) gave a foamy solid (0.61 g) which was dissolved in ethyl acetate and treated with ethanolic HCI. Evaporation and recrystallization from acetonitrile/isopropanol gave a colorless solid (0.57 g, 55%):

ι mp 135-140°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₅ H ₂₁ N ₃ O ₇ S ₃ -HCI-0.8 i-PrOH: C, 38.90;

2 H, 5.51 ; N, 7.82. Found: C, 38.85; H, 5.48; N, 7.72.

3

4 By following the procedure described above but using trimethylacetyl chloride and

5 trifluoroacetic acid in Step F the following compound was prepared.

6

7 1. 3-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl]-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)et hyl]-2H- β thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride, mp 156-

9 159°C. 0 i Example 24 2

4 Ethyl 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)[[6-(aminosulfonyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H -thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2- 5 thiazin-2-yl]methyl]amino]butanoate S\ S ¹ -dioxide hydrochloride 6 7 Step A: 4-[(2-Methoxyethyl)amino]butyronitrile 8 9 To a stirred mixture of 2-methoxyethylamine (20.3 g, 270 mmol) and potassium 0 carbonate (1 1 .2 g, 81 .1 mmol) was added 4-bromobutyronitrile (10.0 g, 67.6 mmol) 1 over 20 minutes. This mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 1 h, mixed 2 with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and distilled 3 at 109-1 15°C (0.1 mmHg) to give a clear liquid (9.78 g, quantitative). 4

ι Step B: 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)[[6-(aminosulfonyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H -

2 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazin-2-yl]methyl]amino]butyronitrile S ¹ , S ¹ -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of 3-hydroxymethyl-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

5 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide (prepared as described in Example 11.3) (2.54 g, 7.18 e mmol) and triethylamine (1.45 g, 14.4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at 0°C was

7 added methanesulfonic anhydride (1.88 g, 10.8 mmol) with stirring, when the β addition was complete, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was allowed to

9 warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was again o cooled (ice bath) and the product of Step A (2 mL) was added and the mixture i stirred for 2 h followed by heating at 50°C for 5 min and evaporation to dryness. 2 This crude product was mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 3 bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The 4 combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was s purified by column chromatography (silica, 70% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give two 6 compounds; 1.16 g and 0.57 g, respectively. NMR showed the first compound to 7 be unreacted mesylate intermediate, which was again treated with 4-[(2- 8 methoxyethyl)amino]butyronitrile (2 mL) but at refluxing temperature for 2 h to 9 effect conversion to the desired compound (total 1.42 g, 41 %). 0 1 Step C: Ethyl 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)[[6-(aminosulfonyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H - 2 thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazin-2-yl]methyl]amino]butanoate S\ S ¹ -dioxide 3 hydrochloride 4 5 A stream of hydrogen chloride gas was passed through (10 min) a solution of the 6 product from Step B (1 .40 g, 2.93 mmol) in ethanol (150 mL) at 0°C (exothermic 7 reaction). After stirring for 2 h, additional hydrogen chloride was passed through 8 the reaction mixture (10 min) which was then maintained at 5°C for 72 h. Water 9 (50 mL) was added to the mixture which was stirred for 2 h and then evaporated to 0 a residue which was mixed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium 1 bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL). The combined 2 extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by

ι column chromatography (silica, 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil (0.76 g,

2 49%). The oil was dissolved in methylene chloride and treated with 2N HCI/EtOH

3 to give the hydrochloride salt as an amorphous solid (0.72 g, 44%): mp 67-72°C;

4 Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₉ H ₃₁ N ₃ O ₈ S ₃ - HCI: C, 40.59; H, 5.74; N, 7.48. Found: C, s 40.48; H, 5.78; N, 7.41 ;

6

7 Example 25

ιo 6-(Aminosulfonyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine- ιι 2-butanoic acid 1 ,1 -dioxide ethyl ester

12

13 Step A: 3-(1 ,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide

14

15 A solution of 3-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride, prepared from

16 thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde ethylene acetal (20.0 g, 128 mmol) as described in

17 Example 6, Step A, was combined with 4-amino-1-butanol (17.1 g, 192 mmol) and

18 triethylamine (15 g, 148 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 h, a saturated

19 aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) was added and this mixture was

20 stirred for 1 h. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to

21 a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl

22 acetate/hexane to ethyl acetate, gradient) to give an oil (26.45 g, 62%).

23

ι Step B: 2-(4-Hydroxybutyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1 ,1 -

2 dioxide methyl ester

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step A (10.6 g, 34.5 mmol) in anhydrous DMF

5 (200 mL) at 0°C was added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.45 g, 36.3 e mmol). After 30 min methyl bromoacetate (3.92 mL, 6.33 g, 41.4 mmol) was

7 added and the solution was stirred for 40 min. A 2N HCI solution (100 mL) was β added and this mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, poured into ice-

9 water (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 mL). The combined o extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to give a viscous oil (13.42 g). The i crude oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), mixed with DBU (1 mL) and 2 molecular sieves (8.0 g) and stirred for 2 h followed by quenching the reaction by 3 the addition of 2N HCI (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 5 70% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a viscous oil (7.44 g, 68%). 6 7 Step C: 2-[4-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)butyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol s 1 ,1 -dioxide 9 0 To a solution of the product from Step B (1.01 g, 3.19 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic 1 acid (0.05 g) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at 0°C was added ethyl vinyl ether (0.5 2 mL, 5.23 mmol) and stirred for 15 min. To this solution was added via syringe 3 DIBAL-H (1 M solution in hexanes, 12 mmol); this mixture was stirred for 20 min at 4 which point a solution of potassium sodium tartrate (8.0 g in 30 mL water) was 5 added over 5 min. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight and extracted with 6 ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and 7 evaporated to give an oil. 8

ι Step D: 2-[4-(1 -Ethoxyethoxy)butyl]-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e ]-

2 1 ,2-thiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step C (2.52 g, 6.98 mmol) and triethylamine

5 (1.41 g, 13.9 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL) at 0°C was added methanesulfonic e anhydride (1.58 g, 9.07 mmol). The ice bath was removed and the reaction

7 mixture was allowed to proceed for 20 min; the reaction mixture was again cooled β on ice and morpholine (5 mL) was added. This mixture was stirred for 3 h at

9 ambient temperature, evaporated to dryness and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x o 100). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), evaporated to dryness and i purified by column chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give an oil 2 (2.52 g, 84%). 3 4 Step E: 2-(4-Hydroxybutyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 ,2- 5 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 6 7 To a solution of the product from Step D (3.22 g, 7.49 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 s mL) under nitrogen at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 3.30 mL, 9 8.24 mmol) via syringe over 5 min. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at which 0 point a stream of sulfur dioxide was passed over the surface of the reaction mixture 1 for about 5 min. The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature, evaporated to 2 dryness and the residue was mixed with water (100 mL), cooled on an ice bath at 3 which point hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1 .69 g, 14.9 mmol) and NaOAc (4.07 g, 4 29.9 mmol) were added; after stirring for 5 min, a saturated solution of sodium 5 bicarbonate (20 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 6 ambient temperature and stirred for 16 hr followed by mixing with a saturated 7 solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and extraction with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 β mL). The combined extracts were washed with 2N HCI (100 mL). The aqueous 9 layer was separated, stirred for 30 min, adjusted to pH 7 by the addition of 0 potassium carbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The 1 combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), evaporated to dryness and purified by

ι column chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate to 10% ethanol/ethyl acetate,

2 gradient) to give an oil (2.25 g, 69%).

3

4 Step F: 3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide-2-

5 butanoic acid 1 ,1 -dioxide ethyl ester hydrochloride

6

7 To a solution of the product from Step E (1.48 g, 3.39 mmol) in acetone (100 mL) β at 0°C was added Jones reagent (1.1 M, 10 mL, 11 mmol). The reaction mixture

9 was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h and then maintained at a temperature of o 5°C for 16 hr followed by quenching the reaction with an excess of isopropanol and i sodium bicarbonate. This suspension was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated 2 to dryness and dissolved in ethanol (15 mL). To this solution was added thionyl 3 chloride (1 mL) and the mixture heated at 50°C for 1 h and evaporated to dryness. 4 Purification by column chromatography (silica, 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave an s oil (0.42 g) which was dissolved in ethanol, treated with a 2N ethanolic hydrogen 6 chloride and evaporated to dryness. The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate 7 and dried to give a white solid (0.353 g, 20%): mp 130-134°C. Analysis. 8 Calculated for C ₁₇ H ₂₆ N ₃ O ₇ S ₃ CI: C, 39.56: H, 5.08; N, 8.14. Found: C, 39.41 ; H, 9 5.15; N, 7.96. 0 1 2 Example 26 3

5 6 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 , 7 2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide 8

ι Step A: 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 ,2-

2 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of 3-hydroxymethyl-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-

5 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide (prepared as described in Example 11.3) (3.40 g, 9.60 e mmol) and TEA (1.94 g, 19.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 mL) at 0°C was added

7 methanesulfonic anhydride (2.17 g, 12.5 mmol). After the addition was completed, β the ice bath was removed and the mixture was warmed to ambient temperature,

9 stirred for 30 min, again cooled on an ice bath and morpholine (10 mL) was added. o The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hr and evaporated to dryness. The crude i product was mixed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and 2 extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were dried 3 (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 4 chromatography (silica, 7% methanol/methylene chloride) to give an oil (1.57 g). 5 6 Step B: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-(4-morphoiinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2-e]- 1 ,2- 7 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1-dioxide 8 9 A mixture of the product from Step A (1.56 g), 48% HBr(16 mL) and water (4 mL) 0 was heated at reflux temperature for 18 h, evaporated to dryness, mixed with a 1 saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate 2 (2 x 80 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a 3 residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 5% 4 methanol/methylene chloride) to give a firm foam (0.85 g, 56%): mp 104-108°C. 5 Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₃ H ₁₉ N ₃ O _e S ₃ - 0.3H ₂ O: C, 37.63; H, 4.76; N, 10.13. 6 Found: C, 37.61 ; H, 4.60; N, 10.00. 7

ι Example 27

2

4 2-[2-(Acetyloxy)ethyl]-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3,2 -e]-1 ,

5 2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide hydrochloride

6

7 A solution of the product from Example 26 (0.41 g, 1.00 mmol), acetic anhydride β (0.167 g, 1.60 mmol) in acetic acid (4 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 1

9 h, evaporated to dryness, mixed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate o (60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 mL). The combined extracts were i dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to a residue which was purified by column 2 chromatography (silica, 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a foam (0.42 g). The 3 foam was dissolved in ethanol, treated with 2N ethanolic hydrogen chloride and 4 evaporated to dryness. Recrystallization from 2-propanol gave a solid (0.185 g, s 36%): mp 152-156°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₅ H ₂₂ N ₃ O ₇ S ₃ CI - 0.33 2-PrOH: C, 6 37.82; H, 4.89; N, 8.27. Found: C, 37.74; H, 4.91 ; N, 8.28. 7 s By following the procedures described above and in Example 26, Step B but using 9 instead the product of Example 10 in Example 26, Step B the following compound 0 was prepared: 1 2 1. 2-[3-(Acetyloxy)propyl]-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[3, 2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6- 3 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide, mp 54-55°C (foam). 4 5

Example 28

2-Methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2- thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

Step A: 3,5-Dibromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde

To a solution of 2,5-dibromothiophene (20.0 g, 82.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) at -70°C was added a 1.5 M solution of LDA in cyclohexane (60.6 mL, 90.9 mmol) over 10 min. The mixture was stirred for 1 h before anhydrous DMF (18.1 g, 248 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight, solvent evaporated, the residual oil poured into 2 N HCI (200mL), and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a brown solid (20.21 g, 91 %) which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step B: 3,5-Dibromo-2-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-thiophene

A mixture consisting of the product from Step A (1 1.0 g, 40.7 mmol), TsOH (0.25 g) and ethylene glycol (5.06 g, 81.5 mmol) in toluene (150 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 1 .5 h, water was removed by a Dean-Stark trap. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into a saturared aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100mL). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), and evaporated to dryness. Purification of this crude material by column chromatography (silica, 6% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave 10.33 g of an oil (81 %).

ι Step C: N-[[2-(1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]sulfonyl]-N-methyl-glycine ethyl ester

2

3 To a solution of the product from Step B (10.00 g, 31.85 mmol) in anhydrous ether

4 (150 mL) at -75°C butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 13.37 mL, 33.43 mmol) was

5 slowly added over 10 min, maintaining the temperature below -65°C; a precipitate e formed during the addition. After the addition was complete, n-propanol (1.91 g, 7 31.85 mmol) was added and the solution turned homogenous. A solution of n- β butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 13.37 mL, 33.43 mmol) was slowly added over 10

9 min and then sulfur dioxide was passed over the reaction mixture for about 10 min. o The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and evaporated to dryness. The i residue was mixed with methylene chloride (150 mL), cooled to 0°C, and N- 2 chlorosuccinimide was added with stirring. After 40 min a saturated aqueous 3 solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) was added to the mixture followed by 4 sacorsine ethyl ester hydrochloride (7.34 g, 47.8 mmol). The organic layer was s separated after 30 min, dried (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to dryness. Column 6 chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave 5.96 g of a viscous oil 7 (53%). 8 9 Step D: Ethyl 2-methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-carboxylate 1 ,1-dioxide 0 1 A mixture of the product from Step C (5.86 g, 16.5 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (8 2 mL) in acetone (50 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 1 h, cooled, and 3 poured into water (100 mL). Acetone was evaporated and the aqueous was 4 combined with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and 5 this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 mL). The combined extracts 6 were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to give a crude aldehyde which was dissolved 7 in ethyl acetate (100 mL) followed by the addition of DBN (1 mL) and molecular 8 sieves (5 g). This mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 15 min, cooled, 9 and poured into 2 N HCI (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried 0 (MgSO ₄ ), and evaporated to dryness. Column chromatography (silica, 30% ethyl 1 acetate/hexane) gave 3.60 g (79%) of an off-white solid: mp 87-89°C. 2

ι Step E: 2-Methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-3-methanol 1 ,1 -dioxide

2

3 To a solution of the product from Step D (3.16 g, 11.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30

4 mL) at 0°C was added DIBAL (1.0 M, 29.0 mL, 29.0 mmol). This mixture was

5 stirred for 30 min, warmed to ambient temperature, and stirred for an additional 30 e min. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue mixed with ethyl

7 acetate (100 mL) and poured into 2 N HCI (50 mL). The organic layer was β seperated, washed with brine, dried (MgSO ₄ ) and evaporated to dryness. Column

9 chromatography (silica, ethyl aectate/hexane) gave a viscous oil which solidified on o standing: mp 78-80°C. 1 2 Step F: 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 3 1 ,1 -dioxide 4 s To a solution of the the product from Step E (1.00 g, 4,33 mmol) in anhydrous THF 6 (30 mL) at -70°C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 3.81 mL, 9.52 mmol) 7 over 5 min (solution turned cloudy). After an additional 10 min, sulfur dioxide was 8 passed over the reaction for about 10 min, the resulting mixture was warmed to 9 ambient temperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a 0 mixture of sodium acetate (2.94 g, 21 .7 mmol) and water (50 mL) and extracted 1 with ethyl acetate (50 mL) to remove unreacted starting material. The aqueous 2 was cooled on an ice bath and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1.47 g, 12.99 ml) 3 was added with stirring. After stirring for 18 hr the reaction mixture was extracted 4 with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and 5 evaporated to dryness. Column chromatography (silica, 50% to 80% ethyl 6 acetate/hexane) gave 0.80 g of a viscous oil (60%). 7

ι Step G: 2-Methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-5-

2 sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide

3

4 To a solution of the product from Step F (0.78 g, 2.52 mmol) and triethylamine

5 (1.02 g, 10.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at ambient temperature was added e tosyl chloride (0.961 g, 5.04 mmol). After stirring for 4.5 h, morpholine (2 mL) was 7 added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h followed by heating at reflux β temperature for 10 min. The volatiles were evaporated and a saturated solution of

9 sodium bicarbonate (80 mL) was added. This mixture was extracted with ethyl o acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO ₄ ) and i evaporated to a viscous oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica, 2 5% to 10% methanol/methylene chloride) to give a solid (0.41 g 43%). 3 Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/methylene chloride gave a yellowish solid: mp 4 192-194°C. Analysis. Calculated for C ₁₂ H ₁₇ N ₃ O ₅ S ₃ : C, 37.98; H, 4.52; N, 11.07. s Found: C, 38.09; H, 4.53; N, 11.09. 6 7 The following formulations are exemplary and not limiting. They can be 8 administered 1-4 times daily for the control of intraocular pressure according to the discretion of a skilled clinician. 0

ι Example 29

2

3 Ophthalmic Suspension

4

5 Ingredient Concentration .wt %)

6

7 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)- β 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,

9 1 -dioxide hydrochloride (Compound) 3.0% o Hydroxypropylmethylcelluose 0.5% i Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 0.2% 2 Disodium Edetate 0.01% 3 Sodium Chloride 0.8% 4 Purified Water q.s. 5 Benzalkonium Chloride 0.01% 6 Polysorbate 80 0.1% 7 NaOH/HCI pH 7.02 8 9 The Compound (0.09 g), benzalkonium chloride (0.03 g), and polysorbate 80 (0.15 0 g) can be mixed together in water (1.23 g) and ball milled for approximately 4 hr. 1 A hydroxypropylmethylcellulose vehicle can be prepared by mixing 2% aqueous 2 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (40 g), sodium chloride (1.28 g), dibasic sodium 3 phosphate (0.32 g), disodium edetate (0.016 g), sodium chloride (1.28 g) and water 4 (35 g) together and the pH adjusted to 7.4 by the addition of 1 N HCI (250 μL). A 5 portion of this vehicle (1.5 mL) can be added to the mixture containing the 6 Compound to furnish the desired suspension. 7

ι Example 30

2

3 Ophthalmic Solution

Ingredient Concentration (wt %)

6

7 3-[[(2-methoxyethyl)(3-methoxypropyl) β amino]methyl]-2-methyl-2H-thieno [3,2-e]-1 ,2-

9 thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 ,1 -dioxide o hydrochloride (Compound) 2.0% i Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5% 2 Monobasic Sodium Phosphate 0.13% 3 Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 0.01% 4 Benzalkonium Chloride 0.01% s Disodium Edetate 0.01% 6 Purified Water q.s. 7 NaCI (Osmolality = 282 mOsm) 0.4% 8 HCI/NaOH pH 5.0 9 0 The Compound (0.06 g) and sodium chloride (0.014 g) were mixed together in 1 water (1.44 g) and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 5.02 by the addition of 2 1 N NaOH (10 μL). The hydroxyethylcellulose vehicle was prepared by mixing 3 together monobasic sodium phosphate (0.26 g), dibasic sodium phosphate (0.02 g) 4 and disodium edetate (0.02 g) in water (96.7 g). The benzalkonium chloride (2.0 g) 5 and hydroxyethylcellulose were added to the mixture and the pH was adjusted to 6 5.01 by the addition of 1 N HCI (100 μL). A portion of this vehicle (1 .5 g) was 7 added to the solution containing the compound and the pH was adjusted to 5.03 by β the addition of 1 N NaOH (10 μL). 9

ι Example 31

2

3 Ophthalmic Gel

4

5 Ingredient Concentration .wt %.

6

7 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-ethyl-2H- β thieno[3,2-e]-1 ,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1 , 1 -dioxide

9 hydrochloride (Compound) 1.0% o Mannitol 3.6% i Benzalkonium Chloride 0.01% 2 Carbopol 3.0% 3 HCI/NaOH pH 5.0 4 Purified Water q.s. 5 6 The mannitol (0.18 g), benzalkonium chloride (0.05 g), Compound (0.1 g) and 7 carbopol (0.15 g) can all be added to water (4.3 mL) and mixed well. The pH can 8 be adjusted to pH 5.0 and purified water (q.s. to 5 mL) can be added and mixed 9 well to form a gel. 0 1 Using the procedures described in Equations 1-12, the Examples 1-28 and well 2 known procedures, one skilled in the art can prepare the compounds disclosed 3 herein and those in the Tables. In the Tables the following abbreviations correspond to the indicated structural elements: Me is methyl; Et is ethyl; Pr is 5 propyl; iPr is isopropyl; iBu is isobutyl; Ac is acetyl; OABH is 2-oxa-5- 6 azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl; OABO is 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl. 7

Table 1

Table 2