'" i c-e.ent inven ion relateϊ to a method and an apparatus tor imoroysno the etficien:. ot a heating system which ma- comprise one or severs' heater apparatuses inside which iscirculated a heat trans er -fluid.

The prior ar comprises radiators inside which is irculated -for instance -_ater or vapor, in order to transfer heat to the radiator and further to the ambient air. whereo> the water or vapor is irculated through some kind of heate- in order to be heated after having given off heat to the radiator or several radiators. Thus, the water or vapor acts to transport the heat Between the heater and one or several radiators, and the heat given off b>' the wster or vapor corresponds to the heat supplied b ^* - the heater.

^τ ''* -ifc'ect of the present invention is to achieve a method and an apparatus which make it possible to improve the efficiency, in that the energ> consumption is less than the heat given off by the apparatus.

The present invention makes use of a fluid which condenses and e pora ^t es in a closed circuit inside a heater apparatus, the evaporation being caused b> suppl- of heat.

ι-ιr, advantageous embodiment ot the method comprises that the heat is supplied by means of a fluid which itself is heated about 10 '/. of the time which the apparatus is used.

The apparatus ma> for instance be a radiator containing a closed circuit for circulation of a fluid, for instance Arcton 22. being at a pressure of for instance 50 to 60 cm2. The circuit may comprise one or several loops which are surrounded b* ribs or baffles in order to increase the heat transfer area. The loops are coupled to an internal heat exchanger, in which heat is supplied to the fluid. The internal heat exchanger ma> fo ^* instance be a hoπεontal tube which isclosed at both ends and contains a conduit extending longitudinal1 > through the tube. A heating fluid, for instance water having a temperature slightl.' above the

evaporation temperature of Arcton 22 at the existing pressure, for instance ?5 oC. f «s through the conduit, and heat is transferred to the Ar-cton. The loop or loops of the closed circuit is/are coupled to each and of the horizontal tube, at different heigths. and evaporated Arcton will enter the hiohest end of the loop or loops and rise inside the closed circuit. The vapor will give off heat and at least partly condense, and the liquid will flow down to the hor-isontal tube. This process will continue as long as a certain amount of the heat is transferred from the conduit. The heat given off b ^y the vapor is transferred through the walls of the tube constituting the closed circui , and the heat may for instance be transferred to the ambient air by convection.

The fluid, for instance Arcton inside the closed circuit circulates without the use of pump.

Alternativel to the use of a conduit through the horisontal pipe for supply of heat by means of a flowing fluid can be used another kind of heating means, for instance an electric heater.

In order to increase the heat transfer area in contact with the ambient air the tube of the closed circuit may, in a perse know manner, be equipped with ribs or baffles externally.

The apparatus according to the invention can be utilized in a system for instance for house heating, in which several apparatuses may be coupled in series, whereby the conduit for the flow of of the heat supply fluid runs through all the apparatuses. and means such as a valve may be provided for switching the circulation on and off. Means may also be provided for varyino the temperature and pressure of the heat suppl ^y fluid.

The e-fficienc.. of a heating s stem provided with the characteristic features presented in the foregoing has been found to be considerabl. super ι ^r to that before.

In the following, the invention is described more in detail with the aid of an example. referring to the drawing.

Fig, 1 presents the vertical section of a radiator appropriate for use in the present invention.

Fig.2 presents schematically a house heating system in which the procedure of the invention is applied.

Thus, ir- Fig. 1 is presented the radiator or heater element in which the method of the present invention can be applied. The radiator comprises a for irental heat exchanger in consisting of a tubular container 2 containing a fluid, such as Arcton or equivalent, both in gaseous and liquid form, which evaporates with the aid of a heating conduit 3 passing through the heat exchanger. To the container 2 is connected a heat exchanger element 4, in which the fluid in gaseous form gives off heat to the ambient air and conoenses at the same time. The element 4 is composed of a plurality of vertical pipes 5 connected on the top margin of the container 2. In Fig.1, the pipes 5 have been connected, to the bottom pipes.

Ir, Fig.2, the heater elements of the kind described above are indicated b> reference numeral 7. The house heating system depicted in Fig.2 comprises additionally a heating boiler 8, a water pipeline 9 and a shut-off valve 10.

The normal situation was previously that the water circulates in the system all the time, whereby the surface temperature of the heater elements 7 has settled on a certain level. In the method of the present invetion. the water circulation is automatically interrupted with the shut-off valve for a certain period, ofinstance for a few minutes, whereby the water momentarily heated to a temperature considerably higher than that which itwould have if itwere circulating all the time. Uhen the water has reached an appropriate temperature. the valve 10 opens and the water :=aga'n allowed to circulate in the heater elements 7. The hot water causes the Arcton in the heater element to be heated and to evaporate instant aneously, Herebv the surface temperature of the element rises rapid'y above the temperature which would have been achieved with contιnous water circulation, and it goes down ver ^y slowly back to this said temperature. The advantage is gained owing to the pressure of Arcton increasing exponentially in relation to the temperature.

In precise measurements which have been carried out, the improvement of efficiency has been indisputable. In one experiment, the surface temperature of the radiator had stabilized at 54 in continuous operation. The radiator was then tipped over on itsside, whereby the gaseous arcton could not ascend in the pipe 5 and remained instead in the heat exchanger 1 to be heated further. The radiator was kept lying on its side for three minutes, during which time the surface temperature of the radiator at a given point decreased to 48 .whereafter the radiator was pieced upright once more and the arcton could ascend. The sure ace temperature of the radiator rose to 60 in one minute and begin thereafter to go down very slowly, reaching the limit of 54 only after half an hour. In this way, the surface temperature of the radiator could be held most of the time over 54 which ismean temperature in a continuously operating radiator. Naturally, tipping radiators cannot be considered in actual practice, but it was easy to demonstrate by this experiment that a remarkable improvement in efficienc ^y is achieved with the aid of the invention, seeing that the fundamental principle of the procedure of the invention is the same as in the experiment. The invention is based on increasing the temperature of the arcton momentarily considerable above the average temperature.

Measurements have been carried out during use of radiator in accordance with the invention. Heat was supplied in an amount of 0,5 kW. Based on measurement; of the velocity of the ambient air upwardly through the radiator, the cross sectional area of the radiator through which the air flowed, and the temperature of the ambient air when coming up above the radiator the output was calculated to 1,17 kW.

Z teat- calculation bv Mol er 1-0 diaoraa

. Mrctor. 0.09 Tube ine.tr. 3.2 Evaporation "C 12

4 Radiator

0.236 cal / Kcal /'C

3.20 0.750 a/sec

3 600 242.99 fcj/h

811.57 Kcal 0.8c

944 watt

35 0.3 78 808.7 ^

Input 0.00

808.70 riudP fact.