Related Field of the Invention The invention relates to the field of communication systems and more particularly, a code division multiple access communication system.

Background of the Invention A code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system operating according to any of the Interim Standard (IS) 95 specification includes a communication structure for providing voice, data, and simultaneous voice and data communications. A generalized multi-media service may also be supported in such communication system. For multi-media application including an internet access, the data throughput is directly related to the

quality of the service. The data throughput, however, may be limited due to the carrier signal bandwidth and effectiveness of the available bandwidth utilization. For example, a CDMA carrier signal with 1.25 MHz bandwidth may not support peak data rate of more than 0.5 Mbps under certain conditions. For a multi-media or an internet access application, communication data rates of more than 0.5 Mbps are highly desirable due to the nature of such types of communications while complying with the communication standards such as IS-95A, B and C.

Therefore, there is a need for a method and apparatus for providing high data rate communications in a CDMA communication system.

Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 depicts block diagram of a communication system operation according to various aspects of the invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a table containing variable data rate selection based on selected modulation coding scheme and spreading code.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment (s) According to various aspects of the invention, the bandwidth capacity of a communication link from a source user to a destination user is maximized. A modulation-coding scheme is

selected based on a communication quality criteria such as carrier to interference ratio of a communication between the source user and the destination user. The carrier to interference ratio may be based on an earlier communication between the source user and the destination user.

The source user may be a communication system base station and the destination user may be a mobile station. As such, the communication is a downlink communication. A possible number of data bits is determined that can be modulated and encoded according to the selected modulation-coding scheme and spread according to one spreading code of a plurality of spreading codes which results in fitting in a predetermined time frame. The plurality of spreading codes may be orthogonal Walsh codes as commonly known. As such, the communication system may be a code division multiple access communication system. The modulation-coding scheme includes modulation according to a quadrature amplitude modulation level and coding according to a coding rate. The coding rate may be selected from a plurality of turbo encoding rates available in the communication system. The quadrature amplitude modulation level may also be selected from a plurality of quadrature amplitude modulation levels available in the communication system. As such, the modulation-coding

scheme may be selected from a plurality of modulation-coding schemes available in the communication system.

A number of data bits to be transmitted from the source to the destination is determined. Load Level of the predetermined time frame is determined based on a ratio of the number of data bits and the possible number of data bits. The load level is rounded to a next whole number. A number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected which equals to the whole number for spread coding of the number of data bits after being modulated and coded according to the selected modulation-coding scheme. As such, the communication bandwidth is maximized by modulating and encoding the number of data bits according to the selected modulation-coding scheme and spreading according to the selected number of the plurality of spreading codes for transmission from the source to the destination.

The number of data bits may be a part or an entire data packet to be transmitted. In case of two or more data packets, at least two packets of data to be transmitted from the source to the destination are appended to form an appended packet of data, and using the appended packets of data for determining the number of data bits. Error detection bits such as cyclic redundancy check bits may be appended to the appended packets of data before determining the number of data bits. As such, whether there is one

or more packets of data, all packets are appended and given a single set of error detection bits.

According to various aspects of the invention, when the whole number is larger than number of the plurality of spreading codes, at least one of the least two packets of data is scheduled for a subsequent transmission. At least one of the non-selected of the least two packets of data is used for determining the number of data bits.

According to various aspects of the invention, where the whole number is larger than the number of the plurality of spreading codes, the selected modulation-coding scheme may be changed or adjusted to a new modulation-coding scheme. A new possible number of data bits is then determined based on the new modulation-coding scheme. Load Level based on a new ratio of the number of data bits and the new possible number of data bits is determined, and rounded to a new next whole number. A new number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected which equals to the new whole number for spread coding of the number of data bits after being modulated and coded according to the new selected modulation-coding scheme.

Various aspects of the invention may be more apparent by making references to a transmitter 100 shown in FIG. 1. A source user at 101-1 inputs a number of data bits 102 for transmission.

The number of data bits may have a cyclic redundancy bit 103.

Moreover, number of data bits 102 may be formed by appending several packets of data such as packets of data 104-06 each having different number of data bits. Other source users at 101-2 through 102-k may also input data bits at respective inputs. A modulation- coding scheme is selected at encoder/modulator 107 based on a carrier quality criteria such as carrier to interference ratio of a communication between the source user and the destination user.

The carrier to interference ratio may be based on an earlier communication between the source user and the destination user.

A possible number of data bits is determined that can be modulated and encoded according to a selected modulation-coding scheme at encoder/modulator 107 and spread according to one spreading code of a plurality of spreading codes 108 which results in fitting in a predetermined time frame. Such time frame may be 5 msec long according to the known IS-95 CDMA standards.

For example if the next whole number is equal to five, five of the plurality of spreading codes 108 are selected. As such, the usage of the communication bandwidth is maximized by modulating and encoding the number of data bits according to the selected modulation-coding scheme and spreading according to the selected number of the plurality of spreading codes for transmission from the source to the destination. After spreading

according to the selected number of the plurality of spreading codes 108, a summer 112 sums the result. A summed result 113 is complex scrambled at spreader 114 by a pseudo random (PN) scrambling code. The resulting signal is carrier-modulated and filtered in carrier modulator 115 to produce a CDMA carrier signal 116. The CDMA carrier signal 116 is amplified in a linear power amplifier 117 and transmitted from an antenna 118. The plurality of spreading codes 108 may be Walsh codes as commonly known.

As such, the communication system may be a code division multiple access communication system operating according to the known IS-95 CDMA standards.

The modulation-coding scheme selected at encoder/modulator 107 includes modulation according to a quadrature amplitude modulation level and coding according to a coding rate. The coding rate may be selected from a plurality of turbo encoding rates 110 available in the communication system.

The quadrature amplitude modulation level may also be selected from a plurality of quadrature amplitude modulation levels 109 available in the communication system. As such, the modulation- coding scheme may be selected from a plurality of modulation- coding schemes 111 available in the communication system. Any of the encoder/modulators 107-1 through k may include a turbo encoder 150, a rate matching 151, a channel interleaver 152, a

variable amplitude quadrature modulator 153 and a channel gain adjuster 154 to encode and modulate input data bits before spread coding according to any of the codes 108-1 through"n+1".

According to various aspects of the invention, where the whole number is larger than the number of the plurality of spreading codes, the selected modulation-coding scheme may be changed or adjusted to a new modulation-coding scheme or data packets of data bits 102 may be scheduled for an immediate and subsequent transmission. In case of changing the modulation- coding scheme, a new possible number of data bits is then determined based on the new modulation-coding scheme. Load Level based on a new ratio of the number of data bits and the new possible number of data bits is determined, and rounded to a new next whole number. A new number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected which equals to the new whole number for spread coding of the number of data bits after being modulated and coded according to the new selected modulation-coding scheme.

According to various aspects of the invention, in a communication system, a first modulation-coding scheme is selected based on a quality indicator of a communication between a source user and a first destination user. A first possible number of data bits is determined that can be modulated and encoded according to the selected modulation-coding scheme and spread

according to one spreading code of a plurality of spreading codes which results in fitting in a predetermined time frame. Such time frame may be 5 msec. long.

Referring to FIG. 2, a table 200 shows different possible number of data bits in column 201 using different modulation- coding schemes, shown in column 202 that can fit in a 5msec. time frame using only one spreading code. A first number of data bits to be transmitted from the source user to the first destination user is determined. A first load level based on comparing the first number of data bits and the first possible number of data bits is determined. The load level may simply be determined by determining a ratio of the data bits 201 and the first data bits to be transmitted. If the first load level is unequal to a whole number, the first load level is rounded to a next first whole number. A first number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected based on the first whole number of load level for spread coding of the first number of data bits after being modulated and coded according to the selected modulation-coding scheme. For example if the whole number of load level is equal to 15, fifteen of the plurality of spreading codes is selected. In an example, if the modulation- coding scheme is selected to be at MCS6, the effective data rate of the communication between the source user and the destination user would be equal to 5.1840 Mbps in a 5 msec. time frame. This

is an efficient use of the communication resources allowing high data rate communication for application such as internet access.

Modulating and encoding the first number of data bits according to the selected first modulation-coding scheme and spreading according to the selected first number of the plurality of spreading codes takes place for a transmission from the source to the first destination user.

When the first load level is unequal to a whole number, the first number of data bits may go through a step of rate matching to a nearest possible data rate to produce a rate adjusted first number of data bits. The rate adjusted first number of data bits is substituted for the first number of data bits in determining the first load level. The rate matching may be according to at least one of decreasing the selected modulation-coding scheme, using data bits repetition, and puncturing a plurality of data bits in an encoded version of the first number of data bits. Such puncturing may take place after encoding operation shown in turbo encoder 150.

Modulating and encoding the rate adjusted first number of data bits according to the selected first modulation-coding scheme and spreading according to the selected first number of the plurality of spreading codes takes place for a transmission from the source to the first destination user.

In case there are more than one destination user, the process is repeated for the source user and a second destination user based on a selected second modulation-coding scheme, a second possible number of data bits corresponding to the second selected modulation-coding scheme, and a second number of data bits to be transmitted from the source user to the second destination user. A second number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected such that a combined number of the first and second number of the plurality of spreading codes remains less than or equal to the plurality of spreading codes. For example, if there is at most fifteen spreading codes 108, the combined number would remain either less or equal to fifteen. While referring to FIG.

1, a demultiplexing block 180 demultiplexes the first and second number of data bits to correspondingly selected spreading codes after the being modulated and coded according to the selected modulation coding schemes. The first and second modulation- coding schemes may the same modulation-coding schemes.

Modulating and encoding the first and second number of data bits respectively according to the first and second selected modulation- coding schemes and spreading according to the first and second selected numbers of the plurality of spreading codes take place for a transmission from the source to the first and second destination users over a single time frame of the predetermined time frame.

Summing a result of the first and second numbers of data bits after respective modulation-coding and spreading for the transmission also takes place.

In case when at least one the first and second number of data bits is associated with voice communication, at least one of the first or second selected modulation-coding schemes is limited to a predetermined modulation coding scheme to allow voice communication to pass through with minimal problem. For example, the limited modulation scheme may be any of the modulation schemes 111 that has a quadrature modulation level of four (i. e. quadrature phase shift keying: QPSK). Moreover, alternatively or in conjunction, in case when at least one the first and second number of data bits is associated with voice communication, at least one of the first or second spreading code is limited to a predetermined number of spreading codes to allow voice communication to pass through with minimal problem. As such, the effective data rate of the data information may be limited which as a result allows the voice communication to pass through with minimal problem. Similarly, when the source user is transmitting voice information to the first destination user in combination with data information, the selection of the first modulation-coding scheme is limited to a predetermined modulation-coding scheme.

In case some control channel data bits are being transmitted along, such as for example, control data bits at 101-k, modulating and encoding the first and a number of control data bits respectively according to the first and a second selected modulation-coding schemes at modulator-encoder 107-K and spreading according to the first and a second selected numbers of the plurality of spreading codes, such as Wn+1 (108-"n+1"shown in FIG. 1) takes place for a transmission from the source to the first destination user. Control data may also be transmitted to other destination users. Summing a result of the first number of data bits and second number of control data bits after respective modulation-coding and spreading takes place at summer 112 for the transmission.

The selected first number of the plurality of spreading codes may be larger than the plurality of spreading codes. For example, fifteen spreading codes may be available, but after determining the load level and taking the ratio, the whole number of the load level may be larger than fifteen. A portion of the first number of data bits is selected for a subsequent transmission, and a remaining non-selected portion is used for determining the first number of data bits. Alternatively, the selected modulation-coding scheme may be changed to a new modulation-coding scheme, and repeating the process while substituting the new modulation-

coding scheme for the previously selected modulation-coding scheme to determine a new possible number of data bits. A new first load level is determined based on comparing the first number of data bits and the new first possible number of data bits, and, if the new first load level is unequal to a whole number, rounding to a next first whole number of the new first load level. A new first number of the plurality of spreading codes is selected based on the new load level number for spread coding of the first number of data bits after being modulated and coded according to the new selected modulation-coding scheme.

There may be more than one packet of data to be transmitted to the first destination user. In that case, at least two packets of data are appended to be transmitted from the source to the first destination user to form an appended packet of data, and using the appended packets of data for determining the first number of data bits. In this situation, if the selected first number of plurality of spreading codes is larger than the plurality of spreading codes, at least one of the least two packets of data is selected for a subsequent transmission, and using at least one of non-selected of the least two packets of data for determining the first number of data bits. Appending overhead data bits including at least cyclic redundancy data bits and tail data bits to the appended packet of data may take place before determining the first number of data

bits. Similarly, appending overhead data bits including at least cyclic redundancy data bits and tail data bits to the first number of data bits may take place before determining the first number of data bits.

The quality indicator may be based on a carrier to interference ratio of a communication between the source user and the destination user. Moreover, the quality indicator may alternatively or in conjunction may be based on carrier to noise ratio, error rate, eye-opening and total metric in a turbo decoder.

The communication system may also be a code division multiple access communication system.

The first modulation-coding scheme may include modulation according to a quadrature amplitude modulation level and coding according to a coding rate. The selection of the coding rate may be from a plurality of turbo encoding rates 110 available in the communication system. The selection of the quadrature amplitude modulation level may be from a plurality of quadrature amplitude modulation levels 109 available in the communication system. As a result, the selection of the first modulation coding scheme may be from a plurality of modulation-coding schemes 111 available in said communication system.