Dynamic Surround Channel Volume Control

Field of the Inventions

The inventions described below relate to the field of sound presentation and control and more specifically to multi- channel surround sound volume control.

Background of the Inventions

"I can't hear my surround speakers" is a very common consumer complaint.

As the volume level of a multi-channel audio system is varied from the presentation sound level at which the program material was mixed in a calibrated mixing studio, the listener is no longer presented with the same surround experience as at the presentation sound level. Except for occasional special effect sounds, the ambient material in the surround channels is recorded at a very low level relative to the front channels, so as system volume is reduced the ambient surround content is masked by environment noise or falls below the threshold of hearing. The problem is compounded when the system has no way of matching the studio performance sound level.

To allow a more acceptable low level listening experience a variety of manufactures offer a "late night listening" feature which upon user activation applies various types of level adjustments to a sound system. The changes applied by these systems are not based on the actual recorded levels or the particular playback conditions in the home rather they are arbitrary and subjective. Without knowing the performance sound levels from the studio or the sound level of the home they cannot match the experience of the original material as it was recorded at the performance sound level in the studio.

Summary

A dynamic surround channel volume control can offset the volume level and loudness compensation of the surround channels dynamically (as the user adjusts the volume control) in order to provide a surround experience at all levels that closely matches the original (performance sound level) surround experience. In its simplest form, a sound system employing this technique applies a variable gain control to the surround channels of a multi-channel system. Thus the volume levels of the surround channels are related to the main volume control of the system which in turn maintains some predictable relationship between the surround channels and the main or front channels. Peak levels of the surround channels are controlled through the use of compression, peak limiting, soft clipping or variable gain. Average levels of the surround channels (related to the ambient content of the channels) are controlled using expansion, or variable gain. Thus the sense of surround envelopment is retained but does not distract when a loud special effect sound is used.

An example of a simple implementation is the use of an exponential volume control for the surround channels which is referenced to the volume control of the main channels. The change in surround level from a main channel volume of N dB to N-I dB can be expressed as 10 ^λ (-i/n) + (x-1) where i is the starting volume level (N), n is y/logl0 ( 2-x) , x is the initial step size (in surround channel dB per main channel dB), and y is the linear cutoff (main channel volume reduction level at which the surround channels will be reduced at the same rate as the main channels).

An extension of the example to improve control of the surround channel's peak level could be implemented using a fast acting peak limiter. A fast acting peak limiter can be implemented as follows. The signal is compared on a sample by

sample basis to a limit value L (which is dynamically controlled by the master volume control). If the signal exceeds L for a time greater than the attack time Tl then the limiter enters limiting mode. In limiting mode the limiter will attenuate the volume of the channel (prior to the signal entering the limiter) at a rate of N dB per sample. If the signal remains below L for a time greater than T2 , the limiter leaves limiting mode. When out of limiting mode the limiter returns the channel gain to its original value at a rate of M dB per sample.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a surround sound system incorporating dynamic surround channel volume control.

Detailed Description of the Inventions

Surround sound system 10 as shown in Figure 1 includes media player 12, display 14, front speakers 16, surround speakers 18 and sound apparatus 20. Sound apparatus 20 may be any suitable sound processing apparatus such as a sound receiver. Volume control 22 is primary volume control for sound apparatus 20. Sound signal 15 is provided from media player 12. Sound signal 15 is processed in processor 26 according to primary volume setting 21 and any other suitable parameters. Processor 26 separates primary channel signals 17 from surround signals 19.

While the preferred embodiments of the devices and methods have been described in reference to the environment in which they were developed, they are merely illustrative of the principles of the inventions. Other embodiments and configurations may be devised without departing from the spirit of the inventions and the scope of the appended claims.