To provide an air intake and exhaust device for a building, thinning an air intake and exhaust pipe to a compact type, maintaining required ventilation efficiency and eliminating projection in an interior room space as much as possible to effectively use the interior space by integrating an air intake and exhaust pipe formed in the longitudinal direction on the wall surface with a ventilation fan installed on a ceiling part.

This air intake and exhaust device is formed of a flat type oblong air intake and exhaust pipe 1 fitted in the longitudinal direction between the ceiling surface 10 and the floor surface 11 along the interior wall surface 12 and the ventilation fan 2 connected to the air intake and exhaust pipe 1 and installed in the interior of the ceiling surface 10. The air intake and exhaust pipe 1 is so constructed that an intake port 5 is provided at least on the floor surface 11 side, a joint part 3 is fitted to the ceiling surface 10 side and connected to the ventilation fan 2 installed on the ceiling part. By starting the ventilation fan 2, odor and air are forcibly sucked from the intake port 5, and discharged to the outdoor by a cavity hole 1e formed in the flat type oblong air intake and exhaust pipe 1 and a ventilation hole of the ventilation fan 2.