To obtain an aqueous dispersion excellent in stability, film-forming properties, or the like, by dispersing a fluorine-based copolymer containing polymerization units based on a fluoroolefin, propylene, ethylene, or the like, and having a specific glass transition temperature in water.

This aqueous dispersion is obtained by dispersing a fluorine- based copolymer having -20 to +80°C glass transition temperature and containing (A) a polymerization unit based on a fluoroolefin (e.g. tetrafluoroethylene), (B) a polymerization unit based on propylene, (C) a polymerization unit based on ethylene and/or (D) a polymerization unit based on butylene (e.g. isobutylene) in water. In the above copolymer, the amounts of the components are preferably 20-80 mol% of the component A, 2-70 mol% of the component B and 5-70 mol% of the components C and/or D. Furthermore, (E) a polymerization unit based on a monomer selected from a vinyl ester, a vinyl ether, isopropenyl ether and allyl ether is contained to improve the pigment dispersibility, adhesion, or the like, to substrates.