To provide an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst which is suitable for the gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane with molecular oxygen, does not use a single catalyst but uses a plurality of catalysts to enhance the conversion of the alkane, uses especially a specific combination of the catalysts in a specified location order to give a more excellent effect, and can simultaneously give an olefin, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound and an unsaturated acid on a gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation reaction; and to provide a method for producing an olefin with the catalyst.

The method for the gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of the alkane is characterized by the gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of the alkane by the use of two or more catalysts. Preferably, the two or more catalysts are a vanadium-magnesium-based catalyst and a cobalt-molybdenum-based catalyst, and are mixtures of the vanadium-magnesium-based catalyst with the cobalt-molybdenum-based catalyst.

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