To provide a civil engineering structure capable of sufficiently preventing melting of a foam resin block from external heat without increasing the thickness of a cement hardened layer or even in the case of thinning the thickness of a cement hardened layer to the extent of satisfying strength to foreign matters such as ballast.

The civil engineering structure 1 is constructed by piling up main construction members 2 formed of the foam resin blocks 4, and arranging external facing construction members 3 each with the cement hardened layer 7 formed on at least one surface of the foam resin block 5, outside the piled main construction members 2 so that the cement hardened layers 7 are on the outer surface side. In this case, a heat-resistant heat insulating material 6 is interposed between the cement hardened layer 7 of the external facing construction member 3 and the foam resin block 5.