To provide a fermentation treatment device capable of efficiently and effectively conducting the fermentation treatment of garbage under an appropriate aerobic atmosphere.

A fermentation container 102 for storing garbage M and aerobic fermentation bacteria m comprise a container body 102a and a door 102b which is freely opened and closed. The inner face of the container body 102a and the door 102b is wholly covered with nonwoven fabric bags 111 and 112 having breathability and water absorption property. The ventilation spaces 113 and 114 for communicating first suction and discharge holes 108a and 108b which are provided on the upper part of the container body 102a and the door 102b with second suction and discharge holes 109a and 109b which are provided on the lower part thereof are formed between the container body 102a and the door 102b and the nonwoven fabric bags 111 and 112.