To provide a float type emergency shelter which has a simple structure and is easy to construct.

A float type emergency shelter comprises: one column 1 which is erected on the ground by being driven into the ground; a float 2 which has a central opening 21 where the column 1 is inserted therein and is capable of being freely elevated along the column 1 by buoyancy; and a structure 3 which is arranged on the float 2, has a habitable space 32 therein, has the opening 31 where the column 1 is inserted therein and is capable of freely being elevated along the column 1 by the buoyancy. In particular, the float type emergency shelter is constructed by driving the column 1 in the ground and installing the float 2 as well as the structure 3 on the ground so that the column 1 penetrates through the openings 21 and 31. Also, a concave section g is configured on the ground to install the float 2 therein.