To provide a holographic recording medium excellent in characteristics such as high diffraction efficiency, good storage property, low shrinkage, dry processing property and multiple recording characteristics (high recording density).

A holographic recording composition and a holographic recording medium containing at least a recording compound, an acid generator and an acid generation accelerator are disclosed. The recording compound can record interference fringes as refractive index modulation by any method of (1) polymerization reaction, (2) color development reaction, (3) color development of a latent image and self-sensitization and amplification reaction of the color developing material, (4) color development of a latent image and sensitization and polymerization reaction of the color developing material, (5) orientation changes in a compound having intrinsic birefringence, (6) dye decoloration reaction and (7) formation of a latent image of a residual decoloration dye and sensitization and polymerization reaction of the latent image.