To obtain a locking device and a locking system, which enable locking in accordance with the matching of data on one key and the other key, and which disable unlocking at the mismatching of the data.

This locking device comprises one key which has the prescribed data and is to be held by a person for transporting a storage vault in which the locking is controlled according to the matching of at least two prescribed keys; the other key which has the data preset so as to match one key, and is to be held by a person for being ordered to lock the storage vault; and an unlocking mechanism which enables the unlocking at the proper collation of one key and the other key.