To prevent the display irregularities of a liquid crystal display element due to the non-uniformity of an obtained oriented film by turning the average value of the depression angle to a surface of many standing fibers densely grown on the surface of a rubbing cloth to a specified range, turning a difference between the maximum value and minimum value of the depression angle to be not more than a specified value and turning the average value of the deviation angle of the direction of the projection to the surface of the respective standing fibers and a rubbing direction to be not more than the specified value.

The rubbing cloth is formed so as to densely grow the standing fibers 3 whose length is about 2 mm on the surface. The average value for which an angle θ formed by many standing fibers 3 with a cloth surface (depression angle hereafter) is simply averaged is in the range of 45°-90°. Then, the difference between the maximum value and minimum value of the depression angle θ is ≤30°. Also, for the deviation angle of the direction of the image of projecting the standing fiber 3 vertically to the cloth surface (xy surface) and the rubbing direction (x direction), the average value is ≤15°. Thus, a rubbing processing is uniformly performed.