To provide multiplexing device and method receiving device and method and a digital broadcasting system for efficiently performing the using conditions of a broadcasting band without giving disadvantages to a user not taking part in an emergency situation.

This multiplexer 313 is for multiplexing streams inputted from a first encoder 301, a second encoder 302 and a third encoder 303. A multiplex control part 310 controls statistical multiplex for performing multiplexing by feeding back an encoding rate to the first encoder 301, the second encoder 302 and the third encoder 303 so as to turn the transmission rate of the stream to be equal to or lower than a prescribed transmission rate.