PURPOSE: To maintain precise tolerance over large surface area by fluidly connecting individual volumes in a medium to one another.

CONSTITUTION: In the liquid crystal structure which generates a 1st optical response unless a prescribed input is present, orients a liquid crystal substance in response to the prescribed input, and generates a 2nd optical response, the liquid crystal substance is in a confinment medium and individual volumes in the medium are connected fluidly to one another. Namely, some capsule 22 is sometime not linked to other capsules 22, but another capsule 22 can be linked to ≥2 other capsules 22 by one or ≥2 paths 200. The mutual linkage can be made continuous or substantially continuous in, for example, a layer 34, or made discontinuous. Whether a path 200 is present or absent is considered to depend upon a method and/or conditions for manufacturing a capsule sealed liquid crystal substance and/or a method and/or conditions for arranging it and the layer 34.