To provide a photorefractive composition which ensures excellent moldability, high stability of a molded article, and high mechanical strength of the molded article, and to provide a recording element and a recording medium.

The photorefractive composition contains a compound expressed by a general formula (1), a nonlinear optical dye, and a sensitizer. In the general formula (1), AO represents an alkylene oxide skeleton, and R represents a substituent bonded directly or via a carbonyl or an amide.