PURPOSE: To obtain a recording and reproducing method using a probe--capable of recording and reproducing at a S/N ratio enough even to a noise component.

CONSTITUTION: At the time of recording, a recording medium is recorded with a clock bit 200 required at the time of recording and reproducing together with a data bit 201 as a signal corresponding to a data input signal. That is, a bit corresponding to information '0' is recorded in the same position as arrangement of the clock bit 200. On the other hand, a bit corresponding to information '1' is recorded to be deviated from a position where the clock bit 200 should exist in the main scanning (X) direction.