PURPOSE: To provide a small-size wheelchair descending system requiring less expenditure and area for construction by building a simple-structure device inside or outside the building that automatically descends with the physically handicapped person aboard in case of fire or earthquake.

CONSTITUTION: A rope is wound around a rotation direction changing unit attached on a shaft 9 at the top of a pillar 3 erected on the downstair location K' to reach the upstair location K. A descending box 1 is attached tight to an end of the rope, and a balancing weight 13 is attached tight to the other end of the rope. The weight G' of the balancing weight 13 serves as a brake by working to counter the weight G to be created when the physically handicapped person in a wheelchair gets on the descending box 1.