PURPOSE: To enable smooth automatic replacement by dividedly providing an apparatus for replacing empty sliver cans with full sliver cans in an open end spinning machine and a can replacement carriage each as a specific mechanism.

CONSTITUTION: A signal transmitter 111 which emit can replacement signal in association with a sliver monitor 39 and an opening and closing mechanism for carrying out opening and closing of a sliver guide ring 25 in association with the sliver monitor 39 is provided in each spinning part 2 of a spinning machine 1. A receiver 113 for can replacement signal and a program controller 99 for responding by the reception are provided in a can replacement carriage 3. An opening and closing device 87 of a guide ring 25, a device 98 for inserting a sliver 7 into the guide ring 25 and a binding device 93 for binding a sliver 7 of new cans 4 inserted into the guide ring 25 to the end 63 of an old sliver protruded from a sliver penetrating part 5 is provided in the can replacement carriage 3.