2 -QUINOLINYL-ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS HIV ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS

Cross Reference to Related Application

This patent application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. application serial No. 61/361335, filed July 2, 2010.

Background of the Invention

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and related diseases are a major public health problem worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) encodes three enzymes which are required for viral replication: reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase. Although drugs targeting reverse transcriptase and protease are in wide use and have shown effectiveness, particularly when employed in combination, toxicity and development of resistant strains have limited their usefulness (Palella, et al N. Engl. J. Med. (1998) 338:853-860; Richman, D. D. Nature (2001) 410:995-1001). Accordingly, there is a need for new agents that inhibit the replication of HIV. There is also a need for agents that are directed against alternate sites in the viral life cycle including agents that target the interaction of Lens Epithelial Derived Growth Factor (LEDGF/p75) and HIV-1 integrase.

Summary of the Invention

In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the invention which is a compound of formula I:

I

wherein:

G ¹ is N, G ² is CR ⁸ , and the dashed bond is a double bond; or

1 S

G is CR , G is N, and the dashed bond is a double bond; or G ¹ is CR ⁵ , G ² is NR ¹³ , the dashed bond is a single bond, and R ⁷ is an oxo (=0) group; or

G ¹ is CR ⁵ , G ² is NR ¹³ , the dashed bond is a single bond, and R ⁷ and R ¹³ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g.l, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ¹ is R ^la orR ^lb ;

R ² isR ^2a orR ^2b ;

R ³ isR ^3a orR ^3b ;

R ^3' isR ^3a' orR ^3b' ;

R ⁴ isR ^4a orR ^4b ;

R ⁵ isR ^5a orR ^5b ;

R ⁶ isR ^6a orR ^6b ;

R ⁷ isR ^7a orR ^7b ;

R ⁸ isR ^8a orR ^8b ;

R ¹³ isR ^13a orR ^13b ;

R ^la is selected from:

a) H, halo, (CrC ₆ )alkyl and (d-C^haloalkyl;

b) (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -CC^-R ¹¹ ,^^)^-^ ¹ ,^-^ ¹ ,^-^ ¹ ,^)^ ¹¹ ,^-^ ¹ ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ ,

0-R ⁿ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(C^alkyl-SCC -R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ,

-(CrC^alkyl-NCR^R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C]-C6)alkyl and (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, and wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R ^lb is selected from:

a) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ ) carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , - C(0)-(C!-C6)alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(C,-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl- Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , - (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d ,

NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

-(C2-C6)alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C2-C6)alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹ and -halo(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-Z ³ , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C7)halocarbocycle,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5), wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl and -X(d- C6)haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C3-C7)carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C2-C6)alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and

(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NReRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NReR _f , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, as a part of group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^2a is selected from:

a) H, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl and -0(C _r C ₆ )alkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, halo, nitro and cyano;

c) C(=0)-R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ ,

-(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ^u , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C6)alkyl, (C2-C )alkenyl, (d- C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

d) -OH, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle and -Oheteroaryl;

e) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(O)-

N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(CrQ alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and

C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ - C )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R is selected from:

a) -(d-C^alkyl-O-Cd-Ceialkyl-CC _B -C^carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(Ci-C^alkyl-SOi-CCrC^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl- Z ¹³ , -0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(C C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- C(0)-0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C,-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C6)alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NRaS0 ₂ NRcR _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl- heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z and -halo(C ₁ -C )alkyl-Z , wherein any

(d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl and -X(d- C ₆ )haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C7)carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NReR _f , -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _s R _f , wherein any (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, as a part of group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^3a is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -(d-C^alkyl-aryl, -(d-C^alkyl-heterocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-heteroaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -Oaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -0(Ci-C6)alkyl-aryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-heterocycle or -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl of R ^3a , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN, and wherein any

(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^3a , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN; and R ^3a' is H;

R is -(C ₇ -C ₁ 4)alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle,

-(CrQ alkylOH, -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C C ₆ )alkyl- S(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z", -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z , -(d-QOalkyl-S OMd- C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a R _b ,

-(Cj-C ₆ )alkyl-NRa-C(0)-OR _b ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -C(0)-NR _a R _b , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-

SOaNR _c R _d , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0aryl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(d-C^alliyl-NR _a -SOHd-Ceialkenyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-NRa-S0 ₂ -(C ₃ -C )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -aryl,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heteroaryl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heterocycle, -0(C ₇ - C ₁₄ )alkyl, -0(C C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a R _b , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylOC(0)-NR _c R _d , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a - C(0)-OR _b , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -C(0)-NR _a R _b , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -aryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heteroaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heterocycle,

-OCd-C^alkyl-NR _a -SO^NR _a R _b , -Oid-C^alkyl-NRa-SOj-^-C^carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -aryl, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c Rd, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl- NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle,

-S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl or -S0 ₂ heterocycle, wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₇ -C ₁₄ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocycle of R ^3b , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and R ^3b is H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl; or R ^3b and R ^3b together with the carbon to which they are attached form a heterocycle or (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle which heterocycle or (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle of R ^3b and R together with the carbon to which they are attached is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^4a is selected from aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl of R ^4a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -(XQ-Q alkyl, -SH, -S(CrC ₆ )a]kyl, -NH ₂ , - NH(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl and -NCCd-C^alkyl^, wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano and oxo;

R ^4b is selected from;

a) (Q-C^alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C^C^alkyl,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -Ci4)carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle;

c) spiro-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle, wherein spiro-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle; and

d) aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; or R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a

macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle wherein any macroheterocycle or

macrocarbocycle of R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and R ³ is H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or -C d-Qjalkyl;

R ^5a is selected from:

a) halo, nitro and cyano;

b) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ^u , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -

O-R ¹¹ , -(C Q alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(d-C^alkyl-S C -R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

c) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl and (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , - (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-R ^H , -S0 ₂ -R ^u , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C6)alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R ^5b is selected from:

a) -(d-C^alkyl-O-Cd-C^alkyl-iCs-C^carbocycle,

-(d^alkyl-S-Cd-C^alkyl-CCs-C^carbocycle,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₆ )carbocycle,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, - (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, - (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NRaS0 ₂ NRcR _d ,

-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹ and -halo(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-Z ³ , wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g.

1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -X(d- C ₆ )haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C2-C6)alkynyl and -X(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NRcRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _s R _f and -(d-C^alkyl-SOzNR _e R _f , wherein any (d-C )alkyl, as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^6a is selected from:

a) H, halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ^u and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^-N R^R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^6a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R ^6b is selected from:

a) -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z' and -halo(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-Z ³ , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C _r C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; c) (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g.

1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -X(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(C ₁ -C6)alkyl and -X(Ci- C ₆ )haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (CrC ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C2-C6)alkynyl, wherein (d-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and

(C2-C6)alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Zl groups; and

g) -NReRf, -C(0)N¾R _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NReR _f wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^7a is selected from:

a) H, halo, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(d-Ceialkyl-SiC -R ¹¹ and -(d-Q alkyl-SOrR ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (Ci-C6)alkyl and (C ₃ -C )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, and wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R is selected from:

a) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(Ci-C6)allcyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d- C6)alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹ and -halo(C ₁ -C )alkyl-Z ³ , wherein any (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the

(C ₃ -C7)carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (d-C6)alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl and -X(d- C6)haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C ₂ -C )alkenyl, -X(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (Ci-C6)haloalkyl, (C3-C )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NR _e R _f , -C(0)NR _e R _f , -OC(0)NR _e R _f , -S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _c Rf and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S02NR _e R _& wherein any (Cj-C6)alkyl, as a part of group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^8a is selected from:

a) halo, nitro and cyano;

b) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^-O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(Cj-Q alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ⁿ is independently selected from H, (C]-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C]-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

c) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C

C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ,

and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C )alkyl and (C ₃ -C7)cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C )alkenyl, (C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups;

R ^8b is selected from:

a) -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(C _r C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(Cj-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(OMCi-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(CrC ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ ,

-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(CrC ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-0-(CrC ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d ,

-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z and -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein any spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(C C ₆ )alkyl and -X(C C6)haloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NReRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NR _e R _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e Rf, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , wherein any (Ci-C )alkyl, as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^13a is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ¹¹ , -(C^aUcyl-C^-O-R ^{1 1} , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(d-d alkyl-SC^-R ¹¹ , wherein each R ^{1 1} is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C )alkenyl, (C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

b) -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C

C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ - N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -(C ₁ -C6)alkylaryl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; R is selected from:

a) -(d-C^alkyl-SOz-CCrCeialkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^-id-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C C^alkyl-O-Cd-Ceialkyl-CCs-C^carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C6)alkynyl-(C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, -halo(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle,

-(C2-C6)alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C2-C6)alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C7)carbocycle-Z ¹ , - halo(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ³ , -NRaS0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle, wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or

5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d- C6)haloalkyl, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -C(0)NR _e R _f , -S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , -(d-C^alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)- NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _€ R _f , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

or any of R ^5a and R ^6a , R ^6a and R ^7a , R ^7a and R ^8a , R ¹ and R ⁸ , R ¹ and R ² or R ¹ and

R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle, wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or the 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents each independently selected from halo, (Q- C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d-Csihaloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -C d-C _f alkyl, - SH, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ ;

or any of R ⁵ and R ⁶ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ or R ⁷ and R ⁸ , together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle, wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or the 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ⁷ or Z ⁸ groups, wherein when two Z ⁷ groups are on same atom the two Z ⁷ groups together with the atom to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or 4, 5 or 6-membered heterocycle;

1 R 1 1 1 ^

or any of R and R , R and R or R and R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle, wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or the 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ⁷ or Z ⁸ 7 7 groups; wherein when two Z groups are on same atom the two Z groups together with the atom to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or 4, 5 or 6- membered heterocycle;

X is independently selected from O, -C(O)-, -C(0)0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S0 _2- , -(C C ₆ )alkylO-, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-, -(d-CejalkylC^O-, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS-, -(C _r

C ₆ )alkylS(0)- and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS0 ₂ -;

each Z ¹ is independently selected from halo, -N0 ₂ , -OH, -SH, -CN, (CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -0(Ci-C6)alkyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(O) (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)carbocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl,

-S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ NRcR _d , -NRcR _d , -NR _a C(0)Ra, -NR _a C(0)OR _a , -NR _a C(0)NRcR _d -NR _a S0 ₂ Rb, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ R _a , -C(0)Ra, -C(0)OR _b , -C(0)NRcRd, and -OC(0)NR _c R _d , wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -(Q- C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle of Z, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR , -CN, -NR _a C(0) ₂ R _b , -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle or -S(0) ₂ NRcR _d ;

each Z ² is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, spiro-heterocycle, bridged- heterocycle, spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, bridged-bicyclic carbocycle, NRaS0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _t R _d , -NRaS0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle and -NRaS020aryl;

each Z ³ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -OH, oxo, =NOR _a , thioxo,

-aryl, -heterocycle, -heteroaryl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -0(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, - Sheterocycle, -Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle,

-S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a R _b , -NR _a C(0)R _b , -C(0)NR _c R _d , -S02NRcRd, -NR _a S0 ₂ NRcRd, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -N0 ₂ , -CN, -OH, oxo, =NOR _a , thioxo, -aryl, -heterocycle, -heteroaryl, -(C ₃ -C )halocarbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C6)alkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S(Cr C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheterocycle, -Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a R _b , -NR _a C(0)R _a , -C(0)NR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ NRcRd, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁵ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c Rd,

-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteraryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl,

-NR _a S0 ₂ heterocycle, -NR _a C(0)alkyl, -NR _a C(0)alkenyl, -NR _a C^alkynyl, -NR _a C(0) (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a C(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a C(0)aryl,

-NR _a C(0)heteroaryl, -NR _a C(0)heterocycle, NR _a C(0)NR _c R _d and NR _a C(0)OR _b ;

each Z ⁶ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -NR _a R _a , NR _a C(0)R _b , -C(0)NR _c R _d , -(C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -aryl, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oaryl,

-Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -O^-C^alkyl,

-Oid-C^alkyl-O-iC C^alkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C!-C ₆ )alkyl, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, - S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)halo(C C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (CrC ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ halo(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -SO^R _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a SO^R _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁷ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NORa, -CN, -(C ₁ -C )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenylOH, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-OH, -(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl-Z ¹² , -(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkylOH, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹² , -(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycleOH, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -(d-C^alkylNR _c R _d , -(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -aryl, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -0(C C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C _! -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -0(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -S(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Sid-C^alkylNR _c R _d , -S(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)Ra, -S(d-C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , - S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (d- C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a ,

-S0 ₂ NRcRd, -NR _a C(0)OR _b , -NR _a C(0)NRcRd

-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ R _a , -C(0)NR _c R _<1 , and

-OC(0)NRcRd, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C7)halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle of Z , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN, -NRaC(0) ₂ R _b , -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, - Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NRcRd.

Q

each Z is independently selected from -N0 ₂ and -CN;

each Z ⁹ is independently selected from -(d-C ₆ )alkyl and -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl;

each Z ¹⁰ is independently selected from:

i) halo, oxo, thioxo, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-, -OH, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl, -0(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -SH, -S(Cj-C ₆ )alkyl, -SO(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and

ii) (C C ₆ )alkyl optionally substituted with -OH, -0-(d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, or -0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; and

iii) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, which aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or COOH;

each Z ¹¹ is independently selected from Z ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-NH ₂ , -C(=0)-NH(C ₁ - C ₄ )alkyl, -C(=0)-N((C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -C(=0)-aryl, -C(=0)-heterocycle and

-C(=0)-heteroaryl;

each Z is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NOR _a , thioxo, -aryl,

-heterocycle, -heteroaryl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle,

-0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C7)carbocycle, -Shalo(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheterocycle, -Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl,

-S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle,

-S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a R _a , -NR _a C(0)R _b , -C(0)NR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ NR _c R _<1 , -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ¹³ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -OH, =NOR _a , -SH, -CN, -(C ₃ -

C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -OCC C^alkyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C

C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -SCOXCrQ alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -SCOXd-C^haloalkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

-S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _c R _d , -NR _a C(0)R _a , -NR _a C(0)OR _b , -NR _a C(0)NR _c R _d -NR _a S0 ₂ R _b , -NR _a SOjNR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

-NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ R _a , -C(0)R _a , -C(0)OR _b , -C(0)NR _c R _d , and -OC(0)NR _c R _d , wherein any (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(C ₃ - C7)halocarbocycle, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle of Z ¹³ , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN, -NRaC(0) ₂ R _b , heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle, or

-S(0) ₂ NRcR _d ;

each Z ¹⁴ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NOR _{a s} -CN, -(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -0(C3-C7)halocarbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)(C3- C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NRaS0 ₂ NR R _< i, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl and -OS(0) ₂ R _a , wherein any -(C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle of Z ¹⁴ , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN, -NR _a C(0) ₂ R _b , heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NR _c R _d ;

each R _a is independently H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, aryl(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-, heteroaryl or heteroaryl (Cj- C ₆ )alkyl-, wherein any (C i -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl or heteroaryl of R _a , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, OH and cyano;

each R _b is independently -(C C^alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, aryl(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-, heteroaryl or heteroary^Ci- C ₆ )alkyl-, wherein any (Ci-C6)alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )aikynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl or heteroaryl of R _b , either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, OH and cyano;

Rc and Rj are each independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, aryl, aryl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-, heterocycle, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl and heteroaryl of R _c or Ra, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, OH and cyano; or R _c and Rj together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycle, wherein any heterocycle of Rc and R _d together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, OH or cyano;

each ¾ is independently selected from -ORa _, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and

(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein (Ci-C6)alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ , -(C2-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein any

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ , and aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl is substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ ;

each R _f is independently selected from -R _g; -OR^ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ⁶ , -S0 ₂ R _g , -

C(0)R _g , C(0)OR _g and -C(0)NReR _g ; and

each R _g is independently selected from H, -ORa _, (CrC )alkyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C2-C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl,

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl of R _g is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

or a salt thereof.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention also provides method for treating (e.g. preventing, mediating or inhibiting) the proliferation of the HIV virus, treating AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS or ARC symptoms in a mammal (e.g. a human), comprising administering a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

The invention also provides a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in medical therapy (e.g. for use in treating (e.g.

preventing, mediating or inhibiting) the proliferation of the HIV virus or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS or ARC symptoms in a mammal (e.g. a human)).

The invention also provides a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the manufacture of a medicament for treating (e.g. preventing, mediating or inhibiting) the proliferation of the HIV virus or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS or ARC symptoms in a mammal (e.g. a human). The invention also provides a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment (e.g.

prevention, mediation or inhibiting) of the proliferation of the HIV virus or AIDS or for use in the therapeutic treatment of delaying the onset of AIDS or ARC symptoms.

The invention also provides processes and intermediates disclosed herein that are useful for preparing compounds of formula I or salts thereof.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Definitions

Unless stated otherwise, the following terms and phrases as used herein are intended to have the following meanings:

When trade names are used herein, applicants intend to independently include the tradename product and the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) of the tradename product.

"Alkyl" is hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary or tertiary atoms. For example, an alkyl group can have 1 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e, (C ₁ -C2o)alkyl), 1 to 10 carbon atoms (i.e., 1 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., (C ₁ -C ₈ )alkyl)or 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., (C _! -C ₆ alkyl). Examples of suitable alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl (Me, -CH ₃ ), ethyl (Et, -CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 1 -propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, - CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, -CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 1 -butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, -

CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 2-methyl-l -propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, -CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s- butyl, -CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH ₃ ) ₃ ), 1-pentyl (n- pentyl, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 2-pentyl (-CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 3-pentyl

(-CH(CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 3-methyl-2-butyl

(-CH(CH ₃ )CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3-methyl- 1 -butyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2-methyl- 1 -butyl (-CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 1-hexyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 2-hexyl

(-CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 3-hexyl (-CH(CH ₂ CH ₃ )(CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ )), 2-methyl-2- pentyl (-C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 3-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH ₃ )CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ), 4- methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3-methyl-3-pentyl (-C(CH ₃ )(CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2-methyl-3-pentyl (-CH(CH ₂ CH ₃ )CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl

(-C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH ₃ )C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , and octyl

(-(CH ₂ ) ₇ CH ₃ ). "Alkyl" also refers to a saturated, branched or straight chain hydrocarbon radical having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane. For example, an alkyl group can have 1 to 10 carbon atoms( .e., (Ci-Cio)alkyl), or 1 to 6 carbon atoms(/.e., (Q-C^alkyl) or 1-3 carbon atoms(z ^' .e., (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkyl). Typical alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH ₂ -), 1 , 1 -ethyl (-CH(CH ₃ )-), 1 ,2-ethyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ -), 1,1- propyl (-CH(CH ₂ CH ₃ )-), 1,2-propyl (-CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )-), 1,3-propyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -), 1,4- butyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -), and the like.

"Alkenyl" is a straight or branched hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary or tertiary carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e. a carbon-carbon, sp ² double bond. For example, an alkenyl group can have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ - C ₂₀ alkenyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ -C ₈ alkenyl), or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ - C ₆ alkenyl). Examples of suitable alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethylene or vinyl (-CH=CH ₂ ), allyl (-CH ₂ CH=CH ₂ ), cyclopentenyl (-C ₅ H ₇ ), and 5- hexenyl (-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH=CH ₂ ).

"Alkynyl" is a straight or branched hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary or tertiary carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e. a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond. For example, an alkynyl group can have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ -C ₂₀ alkynyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ -C ₈ alkyne,), or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C ₂ -C ₆ alkynyl). Examples of suitable alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, acetylenic (-C≡CH), propargyl (-CH ₂ C≡CH), and the like.

The term "halo" or "halogen" as used herein refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

The term "haloalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkyl as defined herein, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are each replaced by a halo substituent. For example, a (d-Ce^aloalkyl is a (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a halo substituent. Such a range includes one halo substituent on the alkyl group up to complete halogenation of the alkyl group.

The term "aryl" as used herein refers to a single aromatic ring or a bicyclic or multicyclic ring. For example, an aryl group can have 6 to 20 carbon atoms, 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Aryl includes a phenyl radical or an ortho-fused bicyclic or multicyclic radical having about 9 to 14 atoms in which at least one ring is aromatic (e.g. an aryl fused to one or more aryl or carbocycle). Such bicyclic or multicyclic rings may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) oxo groups on any carbocycle portion of the bicyclic or multicyclic ring. It is to be understood that the point of attachment of a bicyclic or multicyclic radical, as defined above, can be at any position of the ring including an aryl or a carbocycle portion of the ring. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthyl, anthracenyl, and the like.

"Arylalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical as defined herein in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with an aryl radical as described herein (i.e., an aryl-alkyl- moiety). The alkyl group of the "arylalkyl" is typically 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e. aryl(C ₁ -C6)alkyl). Arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-l-yl, 1-phenylpropan-l-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-l-yl and the like.

The term "heteroaryl" as used herein refers to a single aromatic ring or a multiple condensed ring. The term includes single aromatic rings of from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and about 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the rings. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms may also be present in an oxidized form provided the ring is aromatic. Such rings include but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrirnidinyl, oxazolyl or furyl. The term also includes multiple condensed ring systems (e.g. ring systems comprising 2 or 3 rings) wherein a heteroaryl group, as defined above, can be fused with one or more heteroaryls (e.g. naphthyridinyl), carbocycles (e.g. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolyl) or aryls (e.g. indazolyl) to form a multiple condensed ring. Such multiple condensed rings may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) oxo groups on the carbocycle portions of the condensed ring. It is to be understood that the point of attachment of a heteroaryl multiple condensed ring, as defined above, can be at any position of the ring including a heteroaryl, aryl or a carbocycle portion of the ring. Exemplary heteroaryls include but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrirnidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroisoquinolinyl benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl and thianaphthenyl.

The term "heterocyclyl" or "heterocycle" as used herein refers to a single saturated or partially unsaturated ring or a multiple condensed ring system. The term includes single saturated or partially unsaturated ring (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered ring) from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and from about 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the ring. The ring may be substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) oxo groups and the sulfur and nitrogen atoms may also be present in their oxidized forms. Such rings include but are not limited to azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl or piperidinyl. The term also includes multiple condensed ring systems (e.g. ring systems comprising 2 or 3 rings) wherein a heterocycle group (as defined above) can be connected to two adjacent atoms (fused heterocycle) with one or more heterocycles (e.g. decahydronapthyridinyl ), heteroaryls (e.g. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyridinyl), carbocycles (e.g. decahydroquinolyl) or aryls. It is to be understood that the point of attachment of a heterocycle multiple condensed ring, as defined above, can be at any position of the ring including a heterocycle, heteroaryl, aryl or a carbocycle portion of the ring. Exemplary heterocycles include, but are not limited to aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, tWomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrooxazolyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolyl, benzoxazinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, chromanyl, 1,2-dihydropyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, 1,3- benzodioxolyl and 1,4-benzodioxanyl.

The term "bridged-heterocycle" as used herein refers to a 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8- membered heterocycle as defined herein connected at two non-adjacent atoms of the 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-membered heterocycle with one or more (e.g. 1 or 2) 3, 4, 5 or 6-membered heterocycles or a (C3-C ₇ )carbocycles as defined herein. Such bridged-heterocycles include bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems (e.g. 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 4- azatricyclo[4.3.1.1 ' ] undecane).

The term "spiro-heterocycle" as used herein refers to a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8- membered heterocycle as defined herein connected to one or more (e.g. 1 or 2) single atoms of the 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-membered heterocycle with one or more (e.g. 1 or 2) 3, 4, 5, 6-membered heterocycles or a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycles as defined herein. Such spiro- heterocycles include bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems (e.g. l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7- enyl).

The term "macroheterocycle" as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12-membered ring comprising about 5 to 11 carbon atoms and about 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the ring which may be optionally fused at two adjacent atoms of the macroheterocycle to one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) aryls, carbocycles, heteroaryls or heterocycles. The macroheterocycle may be substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2 or 3) oxo groups and the sulfur and nitrogen atoms may also be present in their oxidized forms.

"Heteroarylalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical as defined herein in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a heteroaryl radical as described herein (i.e., a heteroaryl-alkyl- moiety). The alkyl group of the

"heteroarylalkyl" is typically 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e. heteroaryl(C ₁ -C6)alkyl).

Heteroarylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to heteroaryl-CH ₂ -, heteroaryl- CH(C¾)-, heteroaryl-CH2CH ₂ -, 2-(heteroaryl)ethan-l-yl, and the like, wherein the "heteroaryl" portion includes any of the heteroaryl groups described above. One skilled in the art will also understand that the heteroaryl group can be attached to the alkyl portion of the heteroarylalkyl by means of a carbon-carbon bond or a carbon- heteroatom bond, with the proviso that the resulting group is chemically stable.

Examples of heteroarylalkyls include by way of example and not limitation 5- membered sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen containing heteroaryls such as

thiazolylmethyl, 2-thiazolylethan-l-yl, imidazolylmethyl, oxazolylmethyl,

thiadiazolylmethyl, etc., 6-membered sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen containing heteroaryls such pyridinylmethyl, pyridizylmethyl, pyrimidylmethyl, pyrazinylmethyl, etc.

"Heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical as defined herein in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a heterocyclyl radical as described herein (/. e. , a heterocyclyl-alkyl- moiety). The alkyl group of the

"heterocyclylalkyl" is typically 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e. heterocyclyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl). Typical heterocyclylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to heterocyclyl-CH ₂ -, heterocyclyl-CH(CH ₃ )-, heterocyclyl-CH ₂ CH ₂ -, 2-(heterocyclyl)ethan-l-yl, and the like, wherein the "heterocyclyl" portion includes any of the heterocyclyl groups described above. One skilled in the art will also understand that the heterocyclyl group can be attached to the alkyl portion of the heterocyclyl alkyl by means of a carbon- carbon bond or a carbon-heteroatom bond, with the proviso that the resulting group is chemically stable. Examples of heterocyclylalkyls include by way of example and not limitation 5-membered sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen containing heterocycles such tetrahydrofuranylmethyl and pyrroldinylmethyl, etc., and 6-membered sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen containing heterocycles such as piperidinylmethyl, piperazinylmethyl, morpholinylmethyl, etc.

The term "carbocycle" or "carbocyclyl" refers to a saturated (i.e., cycloalkyl) or partially unsaturated (e.g. cycloalkenyl, cycloalkadienyl, etc.) ring having 3 to 7 carbon atoms as a monocycle or a multicyclic ring system. In one embodiment the carbocycle is a monocycle comprising 3-6 ring carbons (i.e. (Ci-C ₆ )carbocycle). Carbocycle includes multicyclic carbocycles have 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicycle, and up to about 20 carbon atoms as a polycycle provided that the largest single ring of a multicyclic carbocycle is 7 carbon atoms. The term "spiro-bicyclic carbocycle" refers to a carbocycle bicyclic ring system wherein the rings of the bicyclic ring system are connected to a single carbon atom (e.g. spiropentane, spiro[4,5]decane,

spiro[4.5]decane, etc). The term "fused-bicyclic carbocycle" refers to a carbocycle bicyclic ring system wherein the rings of the bicyclic ring system are connected to two adjacent carbon atoms such as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] system, or 9 or 10 ring atoms arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system (e.g. decahydronaphthalene, norsabinane, norcarane). The term "bridged-bicyclic carbocycle" refers to a carbocycle bicyclic ring system wherein the rings of the bicyclic ring system are connected to two non-adjacent carbon atoms (e.g. norbornane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, etc). The "carbocycle" or "carbocyclyl" may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) oxo groups. Non-limiting examples of monocyclic carbocycles include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-l-enyl, l-cyclopent-2-enyl, l-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-l-enyl, l-cyclohex-2-enyl and 1-cyclohex- 3-enyl.

The term "halocarbocycle" as used herein refers to a carbocycle as defined herein, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are each replaced by a halo substituent. For example, (C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle is a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a halo substituent. Such a range includes one halo substituent on the carbocycle group to complete halogenation of the carbocycle group. The term "macrocarbocycle" as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12-membered ring comprising 8 to 12 carbon atoms which may be optionally fused at two adjacent atoms of the macrocarbocycle to one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) aryls, carbocycles, heteroaryls or heterocycles. The macrocarbocycle may be substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) oxo groups.

"Carbocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical as defined herein in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a carbocyclyl radical as described herein (i.e., a carbocyclyl-alkyl- moiety). The alkyl group of the

"carbocyclylalkyl" is typically 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e. carbocyclyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl). Typical carbocyclyl alkyl groups include, but are not limited to carbocyclyl-CH ₂ -, carbocyclyl-CH(CH ₃ )-, carbocyclyl-CH ₂ CH ₂ -, 2-(carbocyclyl)ethan-l-yl, and the like, wherein the "carbocyclyl" portion includes any of the carbocyclyl groups described above.

It is to be understood that when a variable is substituted, for example, as described by the phrase "(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted ", the phrase means that the variable (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl can be substituted when it is alone and that it can also be substituted when the variable "(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl" is part of a larger group such as for example an or a -( C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S02-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle group. Similarly, when stated, other variables (e.g. (C _\ - C )alkenyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, etc...) can also be substituted "either alone or as part of a group."

It is to be understood that certain variables of formula I that connect two chemical groups may be oriented in either direction. Thus, for the X group of formula I (e.g. O, -C(O)-, -C(0)0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S0 _2- , -(d-Q^lkylO, -(Cr alkyl O)-, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)0-, -(d-C ₆ )alkylS-, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS(0)- and -(d-Q alkylSCV) certain values of X that are not symmetric can be oriented in either direction. For example, the -C(0)O, can be oriented as either -C(0)0- or -OC(O)-, relative to the groups it connects.

It is to be understood that the nitrogen that is included in the core of the compound of formula I can be present in an oxidized form. For example, the quinoline

* 1 2

nitrogen of either G or G of formula I can be an N-oxide. Accordingly, the invention includes a compound of formula I (as defined in the summary of the invention) or a salt or N-oxide thereof.

One skilled in the art will recognize that substituents and other moieties of the compounds of formula I should be selected in order to provide a compound which is sufficiently stable to provide a pharmaceutically useful compound which can be formulated into an acceptably stable pharmaceutical composition. Compounds of formula I which have such stability are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.

The modifier "about" used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).

The term "chiral" refers to molecules which have the property of non- superimposability of the mirror image partner, while the term "achiral" refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirror image partner.

The term "stereoisomers" refers to compounds which have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups in space.

"Diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers or axes of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers typically have different physical properties, e.g., melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical procedures such as electrophoresis and chromatography.

"Enantiomers" refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non- superimposable mirror images of one another.

Certain compounds of the invention can exist as atropisomers. For example, it has been discovered that atropisomers exist for certain substituents at the R ⁴ position of formula I as marked by an asterisk in the formula below.

The chirality that results from the atropisomers at the asterisk position is a feature of certain compounds of the invention. Accordingly, the invention includes all atropisomers of compounds of the invention including mixtures of atropisomers and well as mixtures that are enriched in an atropisomer as well as single atropisomers, which mixtures or compounds possess the useful properties described herein.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention of formula I are at least 60% a single atropisomer for the R ⁴ substituent at the asterisk position. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention of formula I are at least 70% a single atropisomer for the R ⁴ substituent at the asterisk position. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention of formula I are at least 80% a single atropisomer for the R ⁴ substituent at the asterisk position. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention of formula I are at least 90% a single atropisomer for the R ⁴ substituent at the asterisk position. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention of formula I are at least 95% a single atropisomer for the R ⁴ substituent at the asterisk position. In one embodiment the stereochemistry for the R ⁴ substituent at the carbon marked with an asterisk as shown above for Formula I is the (R) stereochemistry. In another embodiment the stereochemistry for the R ⁴ substituent at the carbon marked with an asterisk as shown above for Formula I is the (S) stereochemistry.

The term "treatment" or "treating," to the extent it relates to a disease or condition includes preventing the disease or condition from occurring, inhibiting the disease or condition, eliminating the disease or condition, and/or relieving one or more symptoms of the disease or condition.

Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., Stereochemistry of Organic

Compounds (1994) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane- polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes (D and L) or (R and S) are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (-) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process. The terms "racemic mixture" and "racemate" refer to an equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity.

Protecting Groups

In the context of the present invention, protecting groups include prodrug moieties and chemical protecting groups.

"Protecting group" refers to a moiety of a compound that masks or alters the properties of a functional group or the properties of the compound as a whole.

Chemical protecting groups and strategies for protection/deprotection are well known in the art. See e.g.. Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Theodora W. Greene, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1991. Protecting groups are often utilized to mask the reactivity of certain functional groups, to assist in the efficiency of desired chemical reactions, e.g., making and breaking chemical bonds in an ordered and planned fashion. Protection of functional groups of a compound alters other physical properties besides the reactivity of the protected functional group, such as the polarity, lipophilicity (hydrophobicity), and other properties which can be measured by common analytical tools. Chemically protected intermediates may themselves be biologically active or inactive.

Protected compounds may also exhibit altered, and in some cases, optimized properties in vitro and in vivo, such as passage through cellular membranes and resistance to enzymatic degradation or sequestration. In this role, protected compounds with intended therapeutic effects may be referred to as prodrugs. Another function of a protecting group is to convert the parental drug into a prodrug, whereby the parental drug is released upon conversion of the prodrug in vivo. Because active prodrugs may be absorbed more effectively than the parental drug, prodrugs may possess greater potency in vivo than the parental drug. Protecting groups are removed either in vitro, in the instance of chemical intermediates, or in vivo, in the case of prodrugs. With chemical intermediates, it is not particularly important that the resulting products after deprotection, e.g., alcohols, be physiologically acceptable, although in general it is more desirable if the products are pharmacologically innocuous.

Protecting groups are available, commonly known and used, and are optionally used to prevent side reactions with the protected group during synthetic procedures, i.e. routes or methods to prepare the compounds of the invention. For the most part the decision as to which groups to protect, when to do so, and the nature of the chemical protecting group "PG" will be dependent upon the chemistry of the reaction to be protected against (e.g., acidic, basic, oxidative, reductive or other conditions) and the intended direction of the synthesis. PGs do not need to be, and generally are not, the same if the compound is substituted with multiple PG. In general, PG will be used to protect functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, thio, or amino groups and to thus prevent side reactions or to otherwise facilitate the synthetic efficiency. The order of deprotection to yield free deprotected groups is dependent upon the intended direction of the synthesis and the reaction conditions to be encountered, and may occur in any order as determined by the artisan.

Various functional groups of the compounds of the invention may be protected. For example, protecting groups for -OH groups (whether hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, or other functions) include "ether- or ester-forming groups". Ether- or ester-forming groups are capable of functioning as chemical protecting groups in the synthetic schemes set forth herein. However, some hydroxyl and thio protecting groups are neither ether- nor ester-forming groups, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and are included with amides, discussed below.

A very large number of hydroxyl protecting groups and amide-forming groups and corresponding chemical cleavage reactions are described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Theodora W. Greene (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1991, ISBN 0-471-62301-6) ("Greene"). See also Kocienski, Philip J.; Protecting Groups (Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, 1994), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. In particular Chapter 1, Protecting Groups: An Overview, pages 1-20, Chapter 2, Hydroxyl Protecting Groups, pages 21-94, Chapter 3, Diol Protecting Groups, pages 95- 117, Chapter 4, Carboxyl Protecting Groups, pages 118-154, Chapter 5, Carbonyl Protecting Groups, pages 155-184. For protecting groups for carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, sulfonic acid and other protecting groups for acids see Greene as set forth below.

Stereoisomers

The compounds of the invention may have chiral centers, e.g. , chiral carbon or phosphorus atoms. The compounds of the invention thus include racemic mixtures of all stereoisomers, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and atropisomers. In addition, the compounds of the invention include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or all asymmetric, chiral atoms. In other words, the chiral centers apparent from the depictions are provided as the chiral isomers or racemic mixtures. Both racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomers isolated or synthesized, substantially free of their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, are all within the scope of the invention. The racemic mixtures can be separated into their individual, substantially optically pure isomers through well-known techniques such as, for example, the separation of diastereomeric salts formed with optically active adjuncts, e.g. , acids or bases followed by conversion back to the optically active substances. In most instances, the desired optical isomer is synthesized by means of stereospecific reactions, beginning with the appropriate stereoisomer of the desired starting material.

The compounds of the invention can also exist as tautomeric isomers in certain cases. Although only one delocalized resonance structure may be depicted, all such forms are contemplated within the scope of the invention. For example, ene-amine tautomers can exist for purine, pyrimidine, imidazole, guanidine, amidine, and tetrazole systems and all their possible tautomeric forms are within the scope of the invention.

Salts and Hydrates

Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include salts derived from an appropriate base, such as an alkali metal (for example, sodium), an alkaline earth metal (for example, magnesium), ammonium and NX (wherein X is C!-C4 alkyl). Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a hydrogen atom or an amino group include for example salts of organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic, lactic, fumaric, tartaric, maleic, malonic, malic, isethionic, lactobionic and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acids; and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric and sulfamic acids. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound of a hydroxy group include the anion of said compound in combination with a suitable cation such as Na ⁺ and NX ₄ ⁺ (wherein X is independently selected from H or a Q-C4 alkyl group).

For therapeutic use, salts of active ingredients of the compounds of the invention will typically be pharmaceutically acceptable, i.e. they will be salts derived from a physiologically acceptable acid or base. However, salts of acids or bases which are not pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a compound of formula I or another compound of the invention. All salts, whether or not derived from a physiologically acceptable acid or base, are within the scope of the present invention.

Metal salts typically are prepared by reacting the metal hydroxide with a compound of this invention. Examples of metal salts which are prepared in this way are salts containing Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , and K ⁺ . A less soluble metal salt can be precipitated from the solution of a more soluble salt by addition of the suitable metal compound.

In addition, salts may be formed from acid addition of certain organic and inorganic acids, e.g., HC1, HBr, H2S04 ₅ H3PO4 or organic sulfonic acids, to basic centers, typically amines, or to acidic groups. Finally, it is to be understood that the compositions herein comprise compounds of the invention in their un-ionized, as well as zwitterionic form, and combinations with stoichiometric amounts of water as in hydrates.

Also included within the scope of this invention are the salts of the parental compounds with one or more amino acids. Any of the natural or unnatural amino acids are suitable, especially the naturally-occurring amino acids found as protein

components, although the amino acid typically is one bearing a side chain with a basic or acidic group, e.g., lysine, arginine or glutamic acid, or a neutral group such as glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, or leucine.

Specific values listed below for radicals, substituents, and ranges in the embodiments of the invention are for illustration only; they do not exclude other defined values or other values within defined ranges for the radicals and substituents. Isotopes It is understood by one skilled in the art that this invention also includes any compound claimed that may be enriched at any or all atoms above naturally occurring isotopic ratios with one or more isotopes such as, but not limited to, deuterium ( H or D). As a non-limiting example, a -CH ₃ group may be substituted with -CD ₃ .

Compounds of formula I.

A specific group of com ounds of formula I are compounds of formula la.

la

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

lb

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Ic.

Ic

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Id

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

If.

If

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Ig.

Ig

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula Ih.

Ih Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula Ii.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Im.

Im

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

In

wherein the ring W is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, , 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formulao.

Io wherein the ring W is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

wherein the ring W is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Iq.

Iq

wherein the ring W is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Ir.

Ir

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Is

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula It.

It

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds of formula

Iu

wherein the ring W is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Specific values listed below are values for compounds of formula I as well as the compounds of formula la, lb, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, Ii, Ij, Ik, Im, In, Io, Ip, Iq, Ir, Is, It and Iu.

A specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least one of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R' lb°, R r> b ^D , R r> ⁱ 3b ^D , R r, ⁱ 3b ^D ' , R r> ⁴ 4b ^D , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ⁷ ", R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least two of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ¹ lb ^B , R>2b ^D , R ⁱ 3b ^D , R>3b ^D ' ,

R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ^7b , R ^8b or R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least three of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ⁷ ", R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least four of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ^7b , R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least five of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ^7b , R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least six of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ^7b , R ^8b and R ^13b . Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least seven of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ⁷ ", R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least eight of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ⁿ , R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein at least nine of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ or R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ^7b , R ^8b and R ^13b .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ¹ ,

R ² , R ³ , R ^3' , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ¹³ is selected from R ^lb , R ^2b , R ^3b , R ^3b' , R ^4b , R ^5b , R ^6b , R ⁷ ", R ^8b and R ^13b .

A specific value for R ³ is R ^3b .

A specific value for R ^3b is -OC(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ OH, -OC(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ OH,

-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NH ₂ , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-N(CH ₃ ) ₂ or

-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NH(phenyl).

Another specific value for R is or

-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _c R _d .

Another specific value for R ³ is R ^3a .

A specific value for R ^3a is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or -OCQ-Q alkyl, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl of R ^3a is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from -0(C ₁ -C6)alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN.

Another specific value for R ^3a is -OC(CH ₃ ).

A specific value for R is R .

A specific value for R ^3b' is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

A specific value for R ³ is R ^3a .

A specific value for R ^3a is H.

A specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle or a 4, 5 or 6-membered heterocycle, wherein the (C ₃ -C6)carbocycle or the 4, 5 or 6- membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a (C ₄ -C6)carbocycle or a 5 or 6-membered heterocycle, wherein the (C4-C ₆ )carbocycle or the 5 or 6- membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered heterocycle, wherein the 5 or 6-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a tetrahydropyran or tetrahydrofuran optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^3b and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form:

each of which is optionally substituted with one or more Z groups, and wherein '*" denotes the point of attachment to the carbon of the compound of formula I.

A specific value for R ⁴ is R ^4b .

A specific value for R is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific value for R ^4b is:

optionally substituted with one or more Z groups.

Another specific value for R ^4b is (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups, or wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C3-C ₆ )carbocycle or 5-6-membered heterocycle.

each of which is optionally substituted with one or more Z groups.

Another specific value for R ^4b is aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific value for R ^4b is:



A specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle, wherein any macroheterocycle or macrocarbocycle of R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached may be optionally substituted with one or more Z groups; and R is H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl or -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ and R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle, wherein any macroheterocycle or macrocarbocycle of R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached may be optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and R ³ is H. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached form the macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle which is further fused to a Z roup;

wherein:

Z is aryl, heteroaryl or (C ₃ -C ₆ )carbocycle;

n3 is 2, 3 or 4;

W ¹ and W ² are each independently O, NH or CH ₂ ; and

wherein "*" denotes the R ⁴ point of attachment of the macroheterocycle or macrocarbocycle to the compound of formula I and denotes the R point of attachment of the macroheterocycle or macrocarbocycle to the compound of formula I, and wherein the macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein, R ⁴ and R together with the atoms to which they are attached form the macroheterocycle:

wherein:

nl is 3 or 4; n2 is 2, 3 or 4; n3 is 2, 3 or 4; W is O, NH or N(C C ₄ )alkyl; and wherein " _* " denotes the R ⁴ point of attachment of the macroheterocycle to the compound of formula I and denotes the R point of attachment of the

macroheterocycle to the compound of formula I; and wherein the macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups. A specific value for R ¹ is R ^lb .

Another specific value R ¹ is R ^la .

A specific value for R ^la is H or halo.

A specific value for R is R .

Another specific value R ² is R ^2a .

A specific value for R ^2a is H, halo or -CH ₃ .

Another specific value for R ^2a is -CI.

A specific value for R ⁵ is R ^5b .

Another specific value for R ⁵ is R ^5a .

A specific value for R ^5a is H.

A specific value for R ⁶ is R ^6b .

Another specific value for R ⁶ is R ^6a .

A specific value for R ^6a is H.

A specific value for R ⁷ is R^.

Another specific value for R ⁷ is R ^7a .

A specific value for R ^7a is H, -CH ₃ , CF ₃ or halogen.

A specific value for R ⁸ is R ^8b .

Another specific value for R ⁸ is R ^8a .

Another specific value for R ^8a is H.

A specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^4b is selected from:

a) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) Spiro-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle, wherein spiro-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

d) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R is selected from:

a) (C C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle; and

c) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^4b is selected from:

a) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -Ci ₄ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

c) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ³ is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or -Oid-C^alkyl, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl of R is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN, and wherein R ³ is H.

Another specific value for R is -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

Another specific value for R ³ is -OtBu.

Another specific value for R is H.

Another specific value for R is halo, H or -CH ₃ .

Another specific value for R is chloro or -CH ₃ .

Another specific value for R is -CH ₃ . Another specific value for R is H.

Another specific value for R ⁶ is H.

Another specific value for R ⁵ is H or (d-C ₆ )alkyl.

Another specific value for R ⁵ is H or -C¾.

Another specific value for R ⁵ is H.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, - OH, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -SH, -S(C C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(d-C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ , wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C3-C ₁₄ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle; and

c) aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, - OH, -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -SH, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, - H ₂ , -NH(d-C ₆ )alkyl and -N((d-C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ , wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo;

b) aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle, wherein spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (CrC^alkyl, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (Q-C^haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, - OH, -OCQ-CfDalkyl, -SH, -SCQ-QDalkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH^-C^aUcyl and ^((d-C^alky z, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) aryl, heteroaryl and fused-heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl and fused-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) heterocycle, wherein heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, ( - C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloaikyl, -OH, -OCQ-Q alkyl, -SH, -S(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(d- C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ , wherein (d-C^alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) fused-heterocycle, wherein fused-heterocycle is substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocycle, tricyclic heterocycle, bicyclic heteroaryl and tricyclic heteroaryl, wherein bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocycle, tricyclic heterocycle, bicyclic heteroaryl and tricyclic heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (Q-C^haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, - SH, -S(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C,-C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ , wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(Ci-C6)alkyl, cyano or oxo; and b) bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, tricyclic heteroaryl bicyclic fused-heterocycle, and tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, tricyclic heteroaryl bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) bicyclic heterocycle and tricyclic heterocycle, wherein bicyclic heterocycle and tricyclic heterocycle are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (Q-

C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -OCd-C^alkyl, -SH, -SCQ-C^alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C _r C ₆ )alkyl and wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle fused-heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) bicyclic heterocycle, tricyclic heterocycle, bicyclic heteroaryl and tricyclic heteroaryl wherein bicyclic heterocycle, tricyclic heterocycle, bicyclic heteroaryl and tricyclic heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (Ci- C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -Oid-C^alkyl, -SH, -S(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C6)alkyl) ₂ , wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle fused-heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from: a) tricyclic heterocycle, wherein tricyclic heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more groups each independently selected from halo, (Q- C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (Q-Q haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -OCQ-C^alkyl, -SH, - S(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ , wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo; and

b) tricyclic fused-heterocycle wherein tricyclic fused-heterocycle is

7 1 substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from:

a) (C3-C ₁₄ )carbocycle, wherein (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups, wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle; and

b) aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl or spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged- heterocycle, wherein spiro-heterocycle, fused-heterocycle and bridged-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from aryl, heteroaryl and fused-heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl and fused-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is fused-heterocycle, wherein fused-heterocycle is substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ is selected from bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, tricyclic heteroaryl bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein bicyclic aryl, tricyclic aryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, tricyclic heteroaryl bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ selected from bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein bicyclic fused-heterocycle and tricyclic fused-heterocycle fused-heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁴ tricyclic fused-heterocycle, wherein tricyclic fused-heterocycle fused-heterocycle is substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups.

A specific value for Z ¹⁰ is:

i) halo, (Ci-C^haloalkyl; or

ii) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl optionally substituted with -OH, -O- (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl.

Another specific value for Z ¹⁰ is halo.



Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R ⁴ is:

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R i :

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R ⁴ is:

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific value f

Another specific value for R is:

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein the stereochemistry of the R ⁴ substituent relative to the carbon of formula I to which it is attached is the (R) stereochemistry. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein the stereochemistry of the R ⁴ substituent relative to the carbon of formula I to which it is attached is the (S) stereochemistry.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) H, halo, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -Ci-OVR ¹¹ , ^^)^-^ ¹ , ^-^ ¹ , ^-^ ¹ , ^)-^ ¹ , ^^ ¹¹ ,

-(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(d^alkyl-CC^-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z groups;

d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹ °, wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ^u , -C(=0)OR ^u and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ^u , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

e) -(d-C^alkyl-SOz-id-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C^alkyl-O-id-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C^alkyl-SCOXd-C^alkyl-CCa-C^carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S02-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a SC^NRJR _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹ and -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ³ , wherein any (C _r C ₆ )alkyl, (CrC^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -XCd-Ceihaloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein any -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -X(C

C6)haloalkyl is substituted with one or more Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups, and wherein any -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted with one or more Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

g) (C ₁ -C6)alk l, wherein (CrC^alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

h) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

i) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

j) -NReRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and b) (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C2-C ₆ )alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ - C6)alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z groups;

d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (Ci-Ceialkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C]-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

e) -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups, and wherein X is O; g) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

h) aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl and

heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

i) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

j) -NRgR _f , -C(0)NR-R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _s R _f , wherein each

(Ci-Ceialkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R is selected from:

a) H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ and -(d- C6)alkyl-0-R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ¹ wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

e) -(C ₂ -C )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) -X(d-C6)alkyl, wherein -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups, and wherein X is O; g) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C]-C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

h) aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, wherein aryl, heteroaryl and

heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

i) (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and j) -NReR _f , -C(0)NR _s R _f and wherein each

(Ci-C^alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) H, (d-C alkyl and (C _r C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -C(0)-R ^u , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -(d-Ceialkyl-R ¹¹ and -(Q- C ₆ )alkyl-0-R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (Q-C^alkyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl, (C Ce^aloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

e) -(C ₂ -C )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z 3 groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z 1 groups, and wherein X is O; and

g) "NReR _f .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) (d-C^haloalkyl; and

b) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl is substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R is selected from:

a) (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C _r C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl and aryl, wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl and aryl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

d) -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

g) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and aryl, wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) -(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl and aryl, wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z groups;

d) -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; f) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

g) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and aryl, wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹⁰ groups;

c) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (d-C )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

d) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) (C C ₆ )alkyl and (Ci-C ₆ )haIoalkyl; and

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and aryl, wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (C ₁ -C )alkyl groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, d-C ₆ )haloalkyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alk l-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C,-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(Cj- C ₆ )alkyl-0-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(C C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C2-C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z 1 and -haloCQ-C^alkyl-Z 3

-(C ₂ -C6 , wherein any (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )haloalk l, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, either alone or as part of a group, are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

b) -X(C,-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, wherein -X(C C ₆ )alkyl and -X(C

C ₆ )haloalkyl are each substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups, and wherein -X(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

c) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

d) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle, wherein any aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, either alone or as part of a group, is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (Ci-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C2-C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

f) -NR _e R _f , -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _£ R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)- R _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -(C2-C6)alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

b) -X(C ₁ -C6)alkyl, wherein -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups, and wherein X is O; ₂ c) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

d) aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycie, wherein aryl, heteroaryl and

heterocycie are each substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and (C2-C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

f) -NReRf, -C(0)NReR _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl- R _e R _f , wherein (C!-C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is

(CrC^haloalkyl, wherein (Ci-C^haloalkyl is substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

c) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

d) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, wherein -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl are each optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; ₂ b) (d-C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

c) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

d) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (Ci-C _f i^aloalkyl and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ is selected from:

a) (d-C^alkyl, wherein (d-C^alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and

b) aryl, wherein aryl is substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^7a is selected from:

a) H, halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ¹¹ , -(d-Ceialkyl-CC^-O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ⁿ and -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C6)haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-

N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ^, °, wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ^I0 is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ^H and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C6)alkynyl, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C3-C )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl,

and wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^7a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups, and wherein R ^7a is not OH. Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ⁷ has any of the above recited values for R ⁷ provided R ⁷ is not OH.

Another specific value for R ⁷ is:

75

Another specific value for R is

Another specific value for R ⁷ is:

Another specific value for R ⁷ is:

Another specific group of compounds of formula In, Io, Ip and Iq are compounds wherein W is a five-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula In, Io, Ip and Iq are compounds wherein W is imidazolyl, triazolyl, or tetrazolyl each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

A specific value for Z ¹ is -(Cj-Cejalkyl or -aryl, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, or aryl of Z ¹ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN, -NRaC(0) ₂ Rb, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, - NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NR _<: R _d .

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^13a is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -(C,-C ₆ )alkyl-

O-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (CrC ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

b) -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(Q-C^alkyl-N R^R ¹⁰ , -(C

C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C-C^alkyl-SO N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (Q-C^alkyl and (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-R ¹¹ , - S0 ₂ -R ¹ -C(=0)-R' ¹ , -C(=0)0R ¹¹ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ¹ wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci- C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; provided R ^13a is not H.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ^a is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ^u , - (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(CrC ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ^{] 1} and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

b) -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C _t - C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ - N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (Ci-C^alkyl and (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-R ¹¹ , - S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ^H , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci- C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ¹³ is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ and -(C _t -C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; b) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from

R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ^u , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ^u , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C6)alkynyl, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ⁿ groups;

c) (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ^] groups; d) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, wherein aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

f) is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ¹³ is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ^u , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C _r C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; b) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C )cycloalkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ^H and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups;

c) (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, wherein aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) (C C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, wherein (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and f) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

Another specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R ¹³ is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ and -(d-C^alkyl-R ¹¹ , wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

b) -(CrC ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H and (Q-C^alkyl, and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , wherein each R ^{1 1} is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and aryl, wherein aryl, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups.

Another specific value for R is H.

Another specific value for R ¹³ is:

A specific group of compounds of formula I are compounds wherein R _g is independently selected from -OR _a, (Q-C^alkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any

(d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle -(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl of R _g is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the invention which is a compound of formula I:

wherein:

G ¹ is N; G ² is CR ⁸ ; and the dashed bond is a double bond; or

1 5 2

G is CR ; G is N; and the dashed bond is a double bond; or

1 5 2 13 the dashed bond is a single bond; and 7

G is CR ; G is NR ; R is an oxo (=0) group; R ² is R ^2a or R ^2b ;

R ³ is R ^3a or R ^3b ;

R ^3' is R ^3a' or R ^3b' ;

R ⁴ is R ^4a or R ^4b ;

R ⁵ is R ^5a or R ^5b ;

R ⁶ is R ^6a or R ^6b ;

R ⁷ is R ^7a or R ⁷ *;

R ⁸ is R ^8a or R ^8b ;

R ¹³ is R ^13a or R ^13b ;

R ^la is selected from:

a) H, halo, (C C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ^u , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(d-C^alkyl-SCC-R ¹¹ and-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S02-R ⁿ ;

wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-

N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and

each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ ,-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ^u , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , - C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and

wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^la is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R ^lb is selected from:

a) -(d-C^alkyl-O-Cd-C^alkyl-^-C^carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ ) carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₆ ) carbocycle, -(C _t - C6)alkyl-S0 ₂ -(d-C6)alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , - C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z , -0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z , -S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl- Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C^alkyl-CCOXd-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , - (d-C^alkyl-CCO^OCd^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )lialoalkyl, - (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle,-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _< i, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl- heterocycle, -(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle-Z or -halo(d-C6)alkyl-Z ; wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; c) (d-C6)alkyl; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl are each substituted with one or more Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and wherein (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkynyl and (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and-Xheterocycle; wherein aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

f) (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and g) -NReR _f , -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _s Rf; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

R ^2a is selected from:

a) H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -0(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl;

b) (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, halo, nitro and cyano;

c) C(=0)-R ^u , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-Q alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ⁿ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ ;

wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C7)cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle and heteroaryl; wherein aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups;

d) -OH, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle and -Oheteroaryl; and

e) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , - (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R ^2b is selected from:

a) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(C!-C6)alkyl- Z ¹³ , -0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- C(0)-0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C^alkyl-S-id- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle,-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _< i, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl,

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl- (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C )alkynyl- heterocycle, -{C3-C ₇ )carbocycle-Z or -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ; wherein (CrC^alkyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C ₃ -C ₆ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl; wherein (Ci-C^alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; d) -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, X(Ci-C ₆ )haloalk l, X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C3-C )carbocycle; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl are each substituted with one or more Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and wherein (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle; wherein aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2,

3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and g) - ReRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , -(d-C^alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f ; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^3a is (C C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-aryl, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-heterocycle, -(C C ₆ )alkyl-heteroaryl, -0(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -Oaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-aryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-heterocycle and -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-heteroaryl;

wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl of R ^3a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from -0(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN; and wherein any (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, or heteroaryl of R ^3a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from (C C ₆ )alkyl, -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl, halo, oxo and -CN; and R ^3a' is H;

R is -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylOH, -(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , - (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- S(0)-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a R _b , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-NRa- C(0)-OR _b , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -C(0)-NR _a Rb, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NRcR _d , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0aryl, -(d-C^alkyl-NR _a -SOz-id-C^alkyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-NRa-S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -aryl,

-(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-NRa-S0 ₂ -heteroaryl, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heterocycle, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a Rb, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylOC(0)-NR _c R _d , -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -C(0)-OR _b , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -C(0)-NR _a R _b , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,

-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -halo(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NRa-S0 ₂ -aryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heteroaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -heterocycle,

-0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -NRa¾, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a -S0 ₂ -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl- R _e -SCh-halo(C3-C7)carbocycle, -0(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-NR,-S02-aryl, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _<: R _d , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl- NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle,

-S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl or -S0 ₂ heterocycle; wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, aryl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocycle of R is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and R is H, (d-Ceialkyl or -0(Ci-C6)alkyl; or R and R together with the carbon to which they are attached form a heterocycle or (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle which heterocycle or (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle of R ^3b and R ^3b together with the carbon to which they are attached is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z' groups;

R ^4a is selected from aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, wherein any aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl of R ^4a is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) groups each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -CXQ-C alkyl, -SH, -S Q-QDalkyl, -NH ₂ , - NH(C C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ ; wherein (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, cyano or oxo;

R ^4b is selected from:

a) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) (C ₃ -C ₁₄ )carbocycle; wherein (C ₃ -C ₁ 4)carbocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle;

c) Spiro-heterocycle or bridged-heterocycle; wherein spiro-heterocycle or bridged-heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; or wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle; and d) aryl, heteroaryl, spiro-, fused-, or bridged-heterocycle; wherein aryl, heteroaryl, or spiro-, fused-, or bridged-heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁷ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; or

R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a

macroheterocycle or a macrocarbocycle wherein any macroheterocycle or

macrocarbocycle of R ⁴ and R ³ together with the atoms to which they are attached may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) V groups; and R is H or (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl.

R ^5a is selected from:

a) halo, nitro and cyano;

b) R ^u , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(CrQ alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )aikyl-S(0)-R ⁿ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl, (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups;

c) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C6)alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and

each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ^u , - C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R ^5b is selected from:

a) -(Ci-C^alkyl-O-^rC^alkyl-iCs-C^carbocycle,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylS(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₆ )carbocycle,

-(d-C ₆ )alkylS0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, - (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, - (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a SC^NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -N _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C2-C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl,

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z 1 or -halo^-C^alkyl-Z 3 ; wherein (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, (C C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more(e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,-X(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or (C C )haloalkyl are each substituted with one or more Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and wherein (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl and (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle; wherein aryl heteroaryl are heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; where (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and g) -NR _e Rf, -C(0)NReRf, -OC(0)NReR _f , -S0 ₂ NReR _f ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e Rf, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e Rf; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^6a is selected from:

a) H, halo, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, and (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl

b) (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl;

c) ^(^-^'^C^-O-R ¹¹ , ^-^ ¹ , ^-^ ¹ , ^)-^ ¹ , ^-^ ¹ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^C -O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )aikyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-Q alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(d-C^alkyl-SCh-R ¹¹ ;

wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C6)alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C )cycloalkyl; and

each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , - C(=0)OR ¹¹ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R' ¹ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H,

(d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and

wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^la is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R ^6b is selected from:

a) -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -

C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, 1 "¾

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z or -halo(Ci-C )alkyl-Z ; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups;

c) (CrC^alkyl; wherein (C C^alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g.

1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, -Xid-Ce^aloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (C C ₆ )alkyl or (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z ¹ groups; and wherein (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle wherein aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (CrC _f haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -N¾R _f , -C(0)NR _€ R _f , -OQC NR^R _f , -S0 ₂ NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N¾R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _€ R _f ; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^7a is selected from:

a) H, halo, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl;

b) (C2-C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

c) -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-R ^u , -(C _r C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(C _r C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ⁿ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ⁿ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ¹¹ ;

wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and d) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C,-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d-C^alkyl-O-Ci^)- N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and

each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ^u , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , - C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl; and

wherein any aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R ^Ia is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹⁰ groups;

R^ is selected from:

a) -(Ci-C^alkyl-SOj-iCj-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^-Cd-Ce)^!^ ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C^alkyl-S-Cd-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(Cj-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl- aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z or -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more(e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C ₃ -C6)carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (Ci-C^alkyl; wherein (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (CrC^alkyl and (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl are each

1 substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more Z groups; and wherein (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle are each substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle; wherein aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle are each substituted with one or more Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each substituted with one or more Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NReRf, -C(0)NReR _f , -OC(0)NReR _f , -SOzNR^Rf, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e R _f , -(d-Ceialkyl-C-CiC -NR-R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f ; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^8a is selected from: a) halo, nitro and cyano;

b) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ⁿ , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(d-C^alkyl-C^C -O-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(d-C^alkyl-SCO^R ¹¹ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups;

c) -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-N(R )R ¹⁰ , -0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹ °; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and

each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , - C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R ^8b is selected from:

a) -(d-C^alkyl-SOz-CCrC^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d-

C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C6)alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-0-(CrC6)alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,-NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -

NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR^SChOaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle,

-(C2-C ₆ )alkynyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl -heterocycle, -(Cs-C^carbocycle-Z ¹ or -halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ³ ; wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups: b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl is substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl are each independently substituted with one or more Z groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and wherein any

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C )alkynyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle wherein any aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -NR^R _f , -C(0)NR _e R _f , -OC(0)NR _e R _f , -SO^R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _c R _f ,

-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)-NR _e Rf, -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f ; wherein each (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl is independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

R ^13a is selected from:

a) R ¹¹ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)-0-R ^u , -O-R ¹¹ , -S-R ¹¹ , -S(0)-R ⁿ , -S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , - (d-C ₆ )alkyl-R ⁿ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-R ⁿ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-0-R ¹¹ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl- O-R ¹¹ , -(d-Q alkyl-S-R ¹¹ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-R ¹¹ and -(d-C^alkyl-SOz-R ¹¹ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

wherein aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ¹¹ groups; and

b) -C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -S0 ₂ -N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(=0)-N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ - N(R ⁹ )R ¹⁰ ; wherein each R ⁹ is independently selected from H, (d-C )alkyl and (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl; and each R ¹⁰ is independently selected from R ¹¹ , -(d-Cgjalkyl-R ¹¹ , - S0 ₂ -R ⁿ , -C(=0)-R ⁿ , -C(=0)OR ⁿ and -C(=0)N(R ⁹ )R ⁿ ; wherein each R ¹¹ is independently selected from H, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C3-C ₇ )cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl;

R is selected from:

a) -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -C(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -0-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S(0)-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -S0 ₂ -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ ,

-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹⁴ , -(d^alkyl-C^-id-C^alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-C(0)-0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹³ , -(C C ₆ )alkyl-0-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S-(d- C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d-C ₆ )alkyl-S(0)-(d-C ₆ )alkyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(d- C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ - C6)alkynyl-(Ci-C6)haloalkyl, -halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

-(C ₂ -C6)alkenyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heteroaryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-heterocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-aryl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-heteroaryl, -(C2-C6)alkynyl-heterocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹ or - halo(d-C ₆ )alkyl-Z ³ , -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c Rd, -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl; wherein (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups:

b) spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle and bridged- bicyclic carbocycle; wherein spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, fused-bicyclic carbocycle or bridged-bicyclic carbocycle are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; wherein two Z ¹ groups together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the

(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle or heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

c) (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; wherein (Q-C^alkyl is substituted with one or more Z ² groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

d) -X(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -X(Ci-C ₆ )haloalk l, -X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl,

-X(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and -X(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle; wherein (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C6)haloalkyl are each independently substituted with one or more Z ³ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and wherein any

(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl and (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁴ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

e) aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, -Xaryl, -Xheteroaryl and -Xheterocycle wherein any aryl heteroaryl and heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁵ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

f) (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl; wherein (Ci-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl and (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups; and

g) -C(0)NR _e R _f , -S0 ₂ N¾R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-NR _e R _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylC(0)- NReR _f , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-0-C(0)-NR _e R _f and -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-S0 ₂ NR _e R _f ; wherein each (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl is independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ⁶ groups and optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z ¹ groups;

or any of R ^5a and R ^6a , R ^6a and R ^7a , R ^7a and R ^8a , R ¹ and R ⁸ , R ¹ and R ² or R ¹ and

13

R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle; wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents each independently selected from halo, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (d-C^haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl, -OH, -Oid-C^alkyl, -SH, -S(d- C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and -N((C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ ; 7 7 8

or any of R and R , R and R or R and R , together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle; wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ⁷ or Z ⁸ groups; wherein when two Z ⁷ groups are on same atom the two Z ⁷ groups together with the atom to which they are attached optionally form a (C3-C ₇ )carbocycle or 4, 5 or 6- membered heterocycle;

or any of R and R , R and R or R and R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle; wherein the 5 or 6-membered carbocycle or a 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle are each independently substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) Z ⁷ or Z ⁸

7 7

groups; wherein when two Z groups are on same atom the two Z groups together with the atom to which they are attached optionally form a (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle or 4, 5 or 6- membered heterocycle;

X is independently selected from O, -C(O)-, -C(0)0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S0 _2- , -(C

C ₆ )alkylO-, -(Ci-Q)altylC(0)-, -(Cj-C ₆ )alkylC(0)0-, -(d-C^alkylS-, -(d- C ₆ )alkylS(0)-, -(d-C ₆ )alkylS0 ₂ -;

each Z ¹ is independently selected from halo, -N0 ₂ , -OH, =NOR _a , -SH, -CN, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -aryl, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(O) (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C _! -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)carbocycle, - S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S0 ₂ (d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, - S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ NRoR _d , -NR _c Ra, -NRaC(0)R _a , -NRaC(0)OR _a , -NR _a C(0)NR _c R _d -NRaS0 ₂ R _b , -NRaS0 ₂ NRcR _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -08(0) ₂ ¾, -C(0)R _a , -C(0)OR _b , -C(0)NRcRd, and -OC(0)NRcRd, wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycle of Z ¹ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN, -NR _a C(0) ₂ R _b , -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, - NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NR _c R _d ;

each Z is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, spiro- heterocycle, bridge- heterocycle, spiro-bicyclic carbocycle, bridged-bicyclic carbocycle, NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a SO^R _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ³ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -OH, oxo, =NOR _a , thioxo, - aryl, -heterocycle, -heteroaryl, -(C ₃ -C7)halocarbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₃ -

C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S(Cr C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheterocycle, - Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(O) (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,

-S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle,

-S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NRaR _b , -NR _a C(0)Rb, -C(0)NRcRd, -S0 ₂ NR _c R _C i, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -halo(Ci-C6)alkyl, -N0 ₂ , -CN, -OH, oxo, =NOR _a , thioxo, -aryl,

-heterocycle, -heteroaryl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C6)alkyl, -0(C ₃ -

C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S^- C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheterocycle, - Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, - S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a R _b ,

-NR _a C(0)R _a , -CiOiNR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a SO^R _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁵ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , - NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkenyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteraryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl,

-NR _a S0 ₂ heterocycle, -NR _a C(0)alkyl, -NR _a C(0)alkenyl, -NR _a C(0)alkynyl, -NR _a C(0) (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a C(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a C(0)aryl,

-NRaC(0)heteroaryl, -NRaC(0)heterocycle, NR _a C(0)NR _<; Rd and NR _a C(0)OR _b ;

each Z ⁶ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -CN, -NR _a Ra, NRaC(0)R _b ,- C(0)NR _c R _< i, -(C ₃ -C7)halocarbocycle, -aryl, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oaryl, - Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)halo(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl,

-S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ NRcRd, -NR _a S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle,

-NR _a S0 ₂ aryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteraryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NR _a S0 ₂ NRcRd, -NRaS0 ₂ 0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl;

each Z ⁷ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NOR _a , -CN, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenylOH, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-Z ¹² , -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl-OH, -(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl-Z ¹² , -(d-C ₆ )haloalkylOH, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle-Z ¹² , -(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycleOH, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -aryl, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -0(d-

C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -0(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -S(d- C ₆ )alkyl-Z ¹² , -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(C _! -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -SCd-C _f alkylNR _{c d} , -S(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, - S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(d- C ₆ )alkylNR _c R _d , -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -SCOXd-C alkyl R _a SO.R,, - S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (d-

C^alkylNR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ (C _r C ₆ )alkylNR _a C(0)R _a , -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNR _a S0 ₂ R _a , - -NR _a C(0)OR _b , -NR _a C(0)NRcRd -NR _a S0 ₂ R _b , -NR _a S0 ₂ NRcRd, - NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ Ra, -C(0)NRcR _d , and - OC(0)NR _c R _d , wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycle of Z ⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -ORb, -CN, -NRaC(0) ₂ Rb, -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, - NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NRcR _d ;

each Z is independently selected from -N0 ₂ or -CN;

each Z ⁹ is independently selected from -(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₁ -C6)alkyl;

each Z ¹⁰ is independently selected from

i) halo, oxo, thioxo, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (Cj-C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₃ - C ₇ )cycloalkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-, -OH, -0(d- C ₆ )alkyl, -0(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -SH, -S(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -SO(d- C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(d-C ₆ )alkyl and

-N((d-C ₆ )alkyl) ₂ ;

ii) (C i -C ₆ )alkyl optionally substituted with -OH, -0-(C i - C ₆ )haloalkyl, or -0-(d-C ₆ )alkyl; and

iii) aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, which aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halo, (d-C ₆ )alkyl or COOH;

each Z ⁿ is independently selected from Z ¹⁰ , -C(=0)-NH ₂ , -C(=0)-NH(d- C ₄ )alkyl, -C(=0)-N((d-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -C(=0)-aryl, -C(=0)-heterocycle and

-C(=0)-heteroaryl;

each Z is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NOR _a , thioxo, -aryl, - heterocycle, -heteroaryl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle,

-0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Ohalo(C3-C ₇ )carbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₃ -C7)carbocycle, -Shalo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheterocycle,■ Sheteroaryl, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)halo(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heterocycle, -S(0)heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ (d-C ₆ )alkyl,

-S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, S0 ₂ aryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, - S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -NRaR _a , -NR _a C(0)Rb, -C(0)NR _c R _d , -S0 ₂ NRcRd, - NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle and -NR _a S0 ₂ 0aryl;

each Z ¹³ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , -OH, =NORa, -SH, -CN, -(C ₃ - C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -0(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -0(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -0(d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -0(C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Oaryl, -Oheteroaryl, - Oheterocycle, -S(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(d-C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -Saryl, -Sheteroaryl, -Sheterocycle, -S(0)(d-C ₆ )alkyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S(0)(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S(0)(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, - S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)aryl, -S(0)heteroaryl, -

S(0)heterocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -S0 ₂ (d- C ₆ )haloalkyl, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ aryl, - S0 ₂ heteroaryl, -S0 ₂ heterocycle, -S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _c R^, -NR _a C(0)R _a , -NR _a C(0)OR _b , -NR _a C(0)NR _c R _d -NR _a S0 ₂ R _b , -NR _a S0 ₂ NR _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, - NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ R _a , -C(0)R _a , -C(0)OR _b , -C(0)NR _c R _d , and -OC(0)NR _c R _< i; wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, (C ₃ -

1 ¾

C7)carbocycle, (C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycle of Z is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b , -CN,

-NR _a C(0) ₂ R _b , -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -NHheteroaryl, - NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NR _c R _d ;

each Z ¹⁴ is independently selected from -N0 ₂ , =NOR _{a ,} -CN, -(C ₃ -

C7)halocarbocycle, -0(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S(0)(C ₃ -

C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -S0 ₂ (C3-C ₇ )halocarbocycle, -NR _a SO^R _c R _d , -NR _a S0 ₂ 0(C ₃ -

C ₇ )carbocycle, -NR _a S0 ₂ Oaryl, -OS(0) ₂ R _a ; wherein any -(C ₃ -C ₇ )halocarbocycle of Z ¹⁴ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen, -OH, -OR _b ,

-CN, -NR _a C(0) ₂ R _b , -heteroaryl, -heterocycle, -Oheteroaryl, -Oheterocycle, -

NHheteroaryl, -NHheterocycle, or -S(0) ₂ NR _c R _d ;

each R _a is independently H, (d-C )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, aryl(Ci-C )alkyl-, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(d- C ₆ )alkyl-; wherein any (d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, or heteroaryl of R _a is optionally substituted by halogen, OH and cyano;

each R _b is independently -(d-C6)alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C6)alkynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, arylid-C^alkyl-, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(d- C ₆ )alkyl-; wherein any (C C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl,

(C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, or heteroaryl of R _b is optionally substituted by halogen, OH and cyano; R _c and ¾ are each independently selected from H, (CrC^alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle, aryl, aryl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl-, heterocycle, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl- wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C7)carbocycle, heterocycle, aryl, or heteroaryl of R _c or Rj is optionally substituted by halogen, OH and cyano; or R _c and Rj together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycle; wherein any heterocycle of R _c and R _d together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is optionally substituted by halogen, OH or cyano; each Re is independently selected from -OR _a, (C _! -C )alkyl or (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle wherein (C]-C6)alkyl or (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle is substituted by one or more Zj and optionally substituted with one or more Zi; -(C ₂ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, -(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, or

-(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl wherein any haloalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl wherein aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is substituted by one or more Z _c ;

each R _f is independently selected from -R _g, -OR _a, -(C Ce^lkyl-Z ⁶ , -S0 ₂ R _g , - C(0)R _g , C(0)OR _g , or -C(0)NR _c R _g ; and

each R _g is independently selected from -OR _a, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle (C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C6)alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl wherein any (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₇ )carbocycle -(C ₁ -C ₆ )haloalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl of R _g is optionally substituted with one or more Z _\ groups;

or a salt thereof.

In one embodiment, the compounds of formula I include:

104

106

107

108

112

113

114

115

and salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the compounds of formula I include:

and salts thereof.

General Synthetic Procedures

Schemes 1, 2 and 3 are provided as further embodiments of the invention and illustrate general methods which were used to prepare compounds of formula I and which can be used to prepare additional compounds of formula I. Schemes 4-11 outline methods that were used or can be used to prepare compounds of formula I.

Scheme 1

Cyclocondensation of a substituted hydroxyaniline with a substituted, unsaturated aldehyde leads to quinolinols. Bromination can be achieved using electrophilic sources of bromine such as NBS. The phenol can be activated by transforming to a leaving group such as trifluoromethanesulfonate by treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and an appropriate base such as 2,6-lutidine.

Regioselective palladium catalysed cross-coupling reactions (e.g. Suzuki or Stille) can be used to alkylate the quinoline with a vinyl group which can then be asymmetrically di-hydroxylated using reagent mixtures such as AD-mix-a. Selective protection of the primary hydroxyl can be achieved with bulky protecting groups, such as pivaloyl chloride. Formation of the R ³ group can be achieved by alkylation of the secondary alcohol by various methods. Palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions (e.g. Suzuki or Stille) can be used to install the R ⁴ group. Following hydrolysis of the protecting group, the primary alcohol may then be oxidized to produce desired compounds. Scheme 2

Alternatively, cyclocondensation of a halogenated aniline starting material that is substituted at R ⁴ can undergo cyclocondensation with a substituted, unsaturated aldehyde can deliver R ⁴ substituted, R ³ halogenated quinolines directly. These can be further elaborated similarly to the methods described for Scheme 1 to produce desired compounds.

Scheme 3

Generation of a quinolinone intermediate is achieved by N-oxidation of the quinoline with a reagent such as mCPBA, followed by acylation, thermal

rearrangement, and selective removal of the acetate. Deprotonation of the quinolinone followed by methods to favor O-alkylation when treated with an appropriate

7 7

electrophile allow for substituents at R to be produced wherein the R group is an ether. Subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation can provide compounds of formula 1 with

Scheme 4

Deprotonation of the quinolinone followed by methods to favor N-alkylation when treated with an appropriate electrophile can yield desired alkylated quinolinone

1 ^

analogues with R modifications. Subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation produces desired compounds.

Scheme 5

The quinolinyl triflate can be made from the quinolinone. Cross coupling reactions with the triflate (e.g. Suzuki and Sonagashira reaction) can introduce different R ⁷ moieties. Hydrolysis and oxidation can yield the desired compounds. Scheme 6

X = O, S, N, etc

The quinolinone can be converted to 2-chloroquinoline by treatment with reagents such as phosphorous oxychlonde. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution can introduce different R ⁷ groups wherein the R ⁷ is linked through a heteroatom. Hydrolysis and oxidation can produce the desired analogs.

Deprotonation of 2-chloroquinoline, followed by reaction with trimethyl borate can generate the boronic acid. Zinc and acetic acid can be used to reduce the substituted chloroquinoline to the quinoline. Cross coupling and subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation can provide analogs with different R ⁶ moieties.

Scheme 8

The methylquinoline can be oxidized with mCPBA to give the N-oxide, which can react with acetic anhydride and rearrange to yield the hydroxymethylquinoline. Oxidation of the alcohol can provide the carboxylic acid. Coupling with different amines can provide R amide moieties. Subsequent hydrolysis can generate

compounds of formula I with R ⁷ amides. Scheme 9

The quinoline carboxylic acid can be converted to a primary amine via a Curtius

7 7

rearrangement which can be converted to additional R groups wherein the R group is an amine. Subsequent hydrolysis can provide compounds of formula 1 with R ⁷ amine groups.

Scheme 10

The hydroxymethylquinoline can be converted to mesylate, which can be reacted with different nucleophiles to provi •de R7 groups wherein the R 7 group is represented by the general formula "-CH ₂ XR" wherein X is O, S or NR' . Subsequent hydrolysis can generate compounds of formula I.

Scheme 11

The quinolinyl triflate can react with Grignard or alkyl-lithium reagents presence of a catalyst such as Fe(AcAc) ₃ to give the corresponding quinoline.

Subsequent deprotection and oxidation can generate compounds of formula I.

Prodrugs In one embodiment, the invention provides for a prodrug of a compound of the invention. The term "prodrug" as used herein refers to any compound that when administered to a biological system generates a compound of the invention that inhibits the replication of HIV ("the active inhibitory compound"). The compound may be formed from the prodrug as a result of: (i) spontaneous chemical reaction(s), (ii) enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction(s), (iii) photolysis, and or (iv) metabolic chemical reaction(s).

"Prodrug moiety" refers to a labile functional group which separates from the active inhibitory compound during metabolism, systemically, inside a cell, by hydrolysis, enzymatic cleavage, or by some other process (Bundgaard, Hans, "Design and Application of Prodrugs" in A Textbook of Drug Design and Development (1991), P. Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Eds. Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 113-191). Enzymes which are capable of an enzymatic activation mechanism with the prodrug compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, amidases, esterases, microbial enzymes, phospholipases, cholinesterases, and phosphases. Prodrug moieties can serve to enhance solubility, absorption and lipophilicity to optimize drug delivery, bioavailability and efficacy. A prodrug moiety may include an active metabolite or drug itself.

Exemplary prodrug moieties include the hydrolytically sensitive or labile acyloxymethyl esters -CH ₂ OC(=0)R ⁹⁹ and acyloxymethyl carbonates

where R ⁹⁹ is d-C ₆ alkyl, C _} -C ₆ substituted alkyl, C ₆ -C ₂₀ aryl or C ₆ -C ₂₀ substituted aryl. The acyloxyalkyl ester was first used as a prodrug strategy for carboxylic acids and then applied to phosphates and phosphonates by Farquhar et al. (1983) J Pharm. Sci. 72: 324; also US Patent Nos. 4816570, 4968788, 5663159 and 5792756. Subsequently, the acyloxyalkyl ester was used to deliver phosphonic acids across cell membranes and to enhance oral bioavailability. A close variant of the acyloxyalkyl ester, the alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl ester (carbonate), may also enhance oral bioavailability as a prodrug moiety in the compounds of the combinations of the invention. An exemplary acyloxymethyl ester is pivaloyloxymefhoxy, (POM)

-CH20C(=0)C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . An exemplary acyloxymethyl carbonate prodrug moiety is pivaloyloxymethylcarbonate (POC) -CH ₂ OC(=0)OC(CH ₃ ) ₃ .

Aryl esters of phosphorus groups, especially phenyl esters, are reported to enhance oral bioavailability (De Lombaert et al. (1994) J Med. Chem. 37: 498). Phenyl esters containing a carboxylic ester ortho to a phosphate have also been described (Khamnei and Torrence, (1996) J. Med. Chem. 39:4109-4115). Benzyl esters are reported to generate parent phosphonic acids. In some cases, substituents at the ortho- or para- position may accelerate the hydrolysis. Benzyl analogs with an acylated phenol or an alkylated phenol may generate the phenolic compound through the action of enzymes, e.g., esterases, oxidases, etc., which in turn undergoes cleavage at the benzylic C-0 bond to generate phosphoric acid and a quinone methide intermediate. Examples of this class of prodrugs are described by Mitchell et al.

(1992) J Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 7/2345; Glazier WO 91/19721. Still other benzylic prodrugs have been described containing a carboxylic ester-containing group attached to the benzylic methylene (Glazier WO 91/19721). Thio-containing prodrugs are reported to be useful for the intracellular delivery of phosphonate drugs. These proesters contain an ethylthio group in which the thiol group is either esterified with an acyl group or combined with another thiol group to form a disulfide. De-esterification or reduction of the disulfide generates the free thio intermediate which subsequently breaks down to the phosphoric acid and episulfide (Puech et al. (1993) Antiviral Res., 22: 155-174; Benzaria et al. (1996) J Med. Chem. 39: 4958).

Pharmaceutical Formulations

The compounds of this invention are formulated with conventional carriers and excipients, which will be selected in accord with ordinary practice. Tablets will contain excipients, glidants, fillers, binders and the like. Aqueous formulations are prepared in sterile form, and when intended for delivery by other than oral administration generally will be isotonic. All formulations will optionally contain excipients such as those set forth in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1986). Excipients include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants, chelating agents such as EDTA, carbohydrates such as dextrin, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid and the like. The pH of the formulations ranges from about 3 to about 11, but is ordinarily about 7 to 10.

While it is possible for the active ingredients to be administered alone it may be preferable to present them as pharmaceutical formulations. The formulations, both for veterinary and for human use, of the invention comprise at least one active ingredient, as above defined, together with one or more acceptable carriers and optionally other therapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and physiologically innocuous to the recipient thereof.

The formulations include those suitable for the foregoing administration routes.

The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA). Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.

Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.

A tablet is made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therefrom.

For admimstration to the eye or other external tissues e.g., mouth and skin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream containing the active ingredient(s) in an amount of, for example, 0.075 to 20% w/w (including active ingredient(s) in a range between 0.1% and 20% in increments of 0.1% w/w such as 0.6% w/w, 0.7% w/w, etc.), preferably 0.2 to 15% w/w and most preferably 0.5 to 10% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base.

If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example, at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulfoxide and related analogs.

The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier (otherwise known as an emulgent), it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations.

Emulgents and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the invention include Tween® 60, Span® 80, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate.

The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties. The cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non- staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di- isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters known as Crodamol CAP may be used, the last three being preferred esters. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils are used. Pharmaceutical formulations according to the present invention comprise one or more compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients and optionally other therapeutic agents.

Pharmaceutical formulations containing the active ingredient may be in any form suitable for the intended method of administration. When used for oral use for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared.

Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tablets containing the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable.

These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.

Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques including

microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.

Formulations for oral use may be also presented as hard gelatin capsules where the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions of the invention contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcelluose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). The aqueous suspension may also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxy-benzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.

Oil suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oral suspensions may contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents, such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid.

Dispersible powders and granules of the invention suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent, and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those disclosed above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, a mineral oil, such as liquid paraffin, or a mixture of these. Suitable emulsifying agents include naturally-occurring gums, such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, naturally occurring phosphatides, such as soybean lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of these partial esters with ethylene oxide, such as

polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsion may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, such as glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative, a flavoring or a coloring agent. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1,3-butane-diol or prepared as a lyophilized powder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.

The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a time-release formulation intended for oral administration to humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 95% of the total compositions (weight:weight). The pharmaceutical composition can be prepared to provide easily measurable amounts for administration. For example, an aqueous solution intended for intravenous infusion may contain from about 3 to 500 μg of the active ingredient per milliliter of solution in order that infusion of a suitable volume at a rate of about 30 mL/hr can occur.

Formulations suitable for administration to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredient. The active ingredient is preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% particularly about 1.5% w/w.

Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier. Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or a salicylate.

Formulations suitable for intrapulmonary or nasal administration have a particle size for example in the range of 0.1 to 500 microns (including particle sizes in a range between 0.1 and 500 microns in increments microns such as 0.5, 1, 30 microns, 35 microns, etc.), which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage or by inhalation through the mouth so as to reach the alveolar sacs. Suitable formulations include aqueous or oily solutions of the active ingredient. Formulations suitable for aerosol or dry powder administration may be prepared according to conventional methods and may be delivered with other therapeutic agents.

Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.

Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non- aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.

The formulations are presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injection, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described. Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.

It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above the formulations of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavoring agents.

The invention further provides veterinary compositions comprising at least one active ingredient as above defined together with a veterinary carrier. Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered orally, parenterally or by any other desired route.

Compounds of the invention can also be formulated to provide controlled release of the active ingredient to allow less frequent dosing or to improve the pharmacokinetic or toxicity profile of the active ingredient. Accordingly, the invention also provides compositions comprising one or more compounds of the invention formulated for sustained or controlled release.

Effective dose of active ingredient depends at least on the nature of the condition being treated, toxicity, whether the compound is being used prophylactically (lower doses), the method of delivery, and the pharmaceutical formulation, and will be determined by the clinician using conventional dose escalation studies. Routes of Administration

One or more compounds of the invention (herein referred to as the active ingredients) are administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), and the like. It will be appreciated that the preferred route may vary with for example the condition of the recipient. An advantage of the compounds of this invention is that they are orally bioavailable and can be dosed orally. The antiviral properties of a compound of the invention may be determined using Test A described below.

Test A: Antiviral Assays in MT4 Cells

For the antiviral assay utilizing MT-4 cells, 0.4 μΐ, of 189X test concentration of 3-fold serially diluted compound in DMSO was added to 40 of cell growth medium (RPMI 1640, 10%FBS, 1% penicillin/Streptomycin, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% HEPES) in each well of 384-well assay plates (10 concentrations) in quadruplicate. 1 mL aliquots of 2x10e6 MT-4 cells are pre-infected for 1 and 3 hrs respectively, @ 37°C with 25 μί, (MT4) or of either cell growth medium (mock- infected) or a fresh 1:250 dilution of an HIV-IIIb concentrated ABI stock (0.004 m.o.i. for MT4 cells). Infected and uninfected cells are diluted in cell growth medium and 35 uL of 2000 (for MT4) cells is added to each well of the assay plates.

Assay plates were then incubated in a 37 °C incubator . After 5 days of incubation, 25 μΐ of 2X concentrated CellTiter-Glo™ Reagent (catalog # G7573, Promega Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI) was added to each well of the assay plate. Cell lysis was carried out by incubating at room temperature for 2-3 min and then chemiluminescence was read using the Envision reader (PerkinElmer).

Compounds of the present invention demonstrate antiviral activity in this assay (Test A) as depicted in the table below.

19 53000

20 1744

21 231

22 1075

23 26185

24 29783

25 346

26 45

27 23

28 43

29 939

30 153

31 105

32 108

33 95

34 266

35 157

36 20

37A 36

37B 46

38 68

39 11

40 51

41 26

42 46

43 27

44 18

45 29150

46 20

47 14

48 26 49 27

50 24

51 30

52 25

53 360

54 87

55 41

56 40

57 20

58 14

59 321

60 305

61 119

62 72

63 183

64 290

65A 85

65B 55

66 297

67 273

68 29150

69 82

70 206

71 118

72 194

73 247

74 92

75 38

76 267

77 135

78 163 79 86

80 52

81 69

82 171

83 42

84 330

85 131

86 78

87 175

88 514

89 42

90 67

91 73

92 300

93 94

94 149

95 54

96 37

97 898

98 251

99 12

100 75

101 367

102 A 13

102B 110

103 25

104 720

105 105

106 25

107 n.d.

108 n.d. 109 n.d

110 n.d.

111 352

112 n.d.

n.d.(not determined)

In certain embodiments, the compounds demonstrate an EC50 of < 50 μΜ. In certain embodiments, the compounds demonstrate an EC50 of < 30 μΜ. In certain embodiments, the compounds demonstrate an EC50 of < 10 μΜ. In certain embodiments, the compounds demonstrate an EC50 of < 1 μΜ.

The specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending on the particular active compound selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical carriers, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with practice of the present invention.

The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples.

Example 1: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (1L):

A stock solution of periodic acid/chromium trioxide was prepared according to WO 99/52850 by dissolving periodic acid (11.4 g, 50.0 mmol) and chromium trioxide (23 mg, 1.2 mol %) in wet acetonitrile (0.75% H ₂ 0) to a volume of 114 mL. This stock solution (0.80 mL) was added to a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7-chloro-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (IK) (11 mg, 0.027 mmol) in wet acetonitrile (3.0 mL), 0.75% H ₂ 0) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C and quenched with 1.5 M K ₂ HP0 ₄ solution. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer separated and washed with 1:1 brine/H ₂ 0 (2x) and saturated NaHS0 ₃ /brine. The organic layer was dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC to give 1L as a TFA salt (8 mg, 57%). 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 1.01 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₂ C1 ₂ N0 ₃ : 419.3; Found: 418.1, 420.1, 422.1.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (IK).

Step 1.

Preparation of 7-chloro-6-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (IB): To 3-chloro-4- methoxyaniline (1A) (5.0 g, 31.7 mmol) was added 6 M HC1 (100 mL) and the reaction was heated to 100 °C with stirring. Toluene (30 mL) was added followed by the slow addition of crotonaldehyde (5.3 mL, 63.5 mmol) at 100 °C. The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The water layer was separated and neutralized with 2 M NaOH solution to pH ~ 8. The solid that formed was filtered and collected. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography to give IB as white solid (3.3 g, 50%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 208.2, 210.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-methylquinolin-6-ol (1C): To a stirred solution of 7- chloro-6-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (IB) (1.22 g, 5.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) was added BBr ₃ (23.6 mL 1 M DCM solution, 23.6 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 hours and quenched by the slow addition of a NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column

chromatography to give the pure product 1C (0.91 g, 80%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 194.1 , 196.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-chloro-2-methylquinolin-6-ol (ID): To a stirred solution of 7-chloro-2-methylquinolin-6-ol (1C) (450 mg, 2.3 mmol) in acetic acid (15 mL) was added Br ₂ (0.13 mL, 2.4 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The solid that formed was filtered and collected to give ID as an off-white solid as the HBr salt (847 mg, 100%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 281.1, 283.1 (M+H) ⁺ . Step 4.

Preparation of 7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-ol (IE):

Pd(PPh ₃ )4 (120 mg, 0.1 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5-bromo-7-chloro-2- methylquinolin-6-ol (ID) (345 mg, 1.04 mmol), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (326 mg, 2.09 mmol) and K ₂ C0 ₃ (2.3 mL 2 M in water, 4.7 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (10 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with a NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide IE as a white solid (147 mg, 47%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 304.2, 306.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 5.

Preparation of 7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (IF): To a stirred solution of 7-chloro-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2- methylquinolin-6-ol (IE) (138 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 mL) and pyridine (1.5 mL) was added Tf ₂ 0 (0.16 mL, 0.92 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched by the slow addition of a

NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to get a brown solid (194 mg, 97%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 436.0, 437.9 (M+H) ⁺ . The crude product IF was used on next step reaction without further purification.

Step 6.

Preparation of 7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (1G): Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (52 mg, 0.045 mmol) and PdCl ₂ (PPh ₃ ) ₂ (32 mg, 0.045 mmol) were added to a mixture 7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (IF) (194 mg, 0.45 mmol), tributyl(vinyl)stannane (0.17 mL, 0.58 mmol), lithium chloride (57 mg, 1.4 mmol) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (cat. amount) in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with a NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product 1G (50 mg, 35%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 314.2, 316.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)- 1 -(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethane-l,2-diol (1H): AD-mix-a (1 g, excess) was added to a mixed solvent of t- butanol and water (4 mL /4 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 5 min and cooled to 0 °C. The mixture was transferred to another flask containing 7-chloro-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (1G) (30 mg, 0.096 mmol) and stirred at 0 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product 1H (28 mg, 84%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ ( /z): 348.2, 350.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (II): To a stirred solution of (S)-l-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (1H) (28 mg, 0.081 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) and pyridine (0.5 mL) was added trimethyl acetylchloride (0.020 mL, 0.16 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched by the slow addition of a NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product II (25 mg, 72%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 432.2, 434.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 9.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (1 J): To a stirred solution of (S)-2-(7-chloro-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl pivalate (II) (25 mg, 0.058 mmol) in t-butylacetate (3 mL) was added 70% perchloric acid (0.02 mL, 0.23 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched by the slow addition of a NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product 1J (22 mg, 78%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 488.2, 490.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Step 10.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (IK): To a stirred solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(7- chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (1 J) (22 mg, 0.045 mmol) in THF and methanol (3 mL/1 mL) was added 1 M NaOH solution (1 mL, excess) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours and diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product IK (11 mg, 61%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 404.2, 406.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (2K)

21 2J 2K

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -6-yl)acetic acid (2K) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -6- yl)ethanol (2 J) was used instead of compound IK. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.31 (d, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.38 (m, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₅ C1N0 ₃ : 398.9; Found: 398.2, 400.1. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -6- yl)ethanol (2J):

Step 1.

Preparation of 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2B): Compound 2B was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IB of Example 1, except that 4- amino-2-methylphenol (2A) was used instead of compound 1A. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 174.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2C): Compound 2C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound ID of Example 1, except that 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2B) was used instead of compound 1C. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 252.2, 254.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2D): Compound 2D was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IE of Example 1, except that 5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2C) was used instead of compound ID. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 284.2, 286.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (2E): Compound 2E was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IF of Example 1, except that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2D) was used instead of compound IE. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 416.0, 418.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 5.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-6-vinylquinoline (2F):

Compound 2F was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1G of Example 1 , except that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (2E) was used instead of compound IF. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 294.3, 296.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 6.

Preparation of (S)- 1 -(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethane- 1 ,2- diol (2G): Compound 2G was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1H of Example 1, except that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-6- vinylquinoline (2F) was used instead of compound 1G. LCMS-ESI* (m/z): 328.2, 330.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (2H): Compound 2H was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound II of Example 1, except that (S)-l-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (2G) was used instead of compound 1H. LCMS- ESf (m/z): 412.3, 414.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -6- yl)ethyl pivalate (21): Compound 21 was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1J of Example 1, except that (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2 -hydroxyethyl pivalate (2H) was used instead of compound II. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 468.3, 470.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 9.

Preparation of(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinol in-6- yl)ethanol (2J): Compound 2 J was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of Example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (21) was used instead of compound 1 J. LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): 384.2, 386.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 3: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-

6-yl)acetic acid (3L).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (3L) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1 , except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)ethanol (3K) was used instead of compound 1L. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 8.89-8.86 (m, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.75-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.02 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₃ : 384.9; Found:384.1, 386.1.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethanol (3K):

Step 1.

Preparation of 6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (3B): l-methoxy-2 -methyls- nitrobenzene (3A) (5 g, 30.0 mmol), 3-amino-l-propanol (0.57 mL, 7.5 mmol), isopropanol (3.43 mL, 4.5 mmol), ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate (156 mg, 0.75 mmol), triphenylphosphine (588 mg, 2.24 mmol), and tin(II) chloride dihydrate (1.69 g, 7.5 mmol) in dioxane H ₂ 0 (67 mL/7 mL) were placed in a stainless steel pressure vessel. After the system was flushed with argon, the mixture was stirred at 180 °C for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a short silica gel column (ethyl acetate/chloroform mixture) to eliminate inorganic compounds and concentrated under reduced pressure. The organic layer was poured into saturated brine, extracted with chloroform, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residual oily material was separated by column chromatography to give the product 3B (200 mg, 15%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 174.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3C): Compound 3C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1C of Example 1, except that 6- methoxy-7-methylquinoline (3B) was used instead of compound IB. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) 160.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3D): Compound 3D was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound ID of Example 1, except that 7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3C) was used instead of compound 1C. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) 238.1, 240.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3E): Compound 3E was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IE of Example 1, except that 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3D) was used instead of compound ID. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 270.2, 272.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Step 5.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (3F): Compound 3F was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IF of Example 1, except that 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-ol (3E) was used instead of compound IE. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) 402.0, 404.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 6.

Preparation of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (3G): Compound 3G was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1G of Example 1, except that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3F) was used instead of IF. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 280.2, 282.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)-l-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-d iol (3H): Compound 3H was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1H of Example 1, except that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-6-vinyl-quinoline (3G) was used instead of compound 1G. LCMS-ESI* (m/z): 314.2, 316.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (31): Compound 31 was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound II of Example 1, except that (S)-l-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (3H) was used instead of compound 1H. LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): 398.2, 400.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 9.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate (3J): Compound 3J was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1J of Example 1, except that (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl pivalate (31) was used instead of compound II. LCMS-ESr (m/z): 454.3, 456.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 10.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethanol (3K): Compound 3K was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (3 J) was used instead of compound 1 J. LCMS-ESF ^" (m/z): 370.2, 372.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 4: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin- 7-yl)acetic acid (4J).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin- 7-yl)acetic acid (4J) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-y l)ethanol (41) was used instead of compound IK. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.97-8.91 (m, 1H), 8.86-8.82 (m, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₃ : 384.9; Found: 384.1, 386.1. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7- yl)ethanol (41):

Step 1.

Preparation of 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-methylquinoline (4B):

Compound 4B was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IE of Example 1, except that 8-bromo-7-methoxy-6-methylquinoline (4A) was used instead of compound ID. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 284.2, 286.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-ol (4C): Compound 4C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1C of Example 1 , except that 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-methylquinoline (4B) was used instead of compound IB. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 270.2, 272.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (4D): Compound 4D was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IF of example 1, except that 8-(4-chloro-phenyl)-6- methylquinolin-7-ol (4C) was used instead of compound IE. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 402.0, 403.9 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-7-vinylquinoline (4E): Compound 4E was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1G of Example 1, except that 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (4D) was used instead of compound IF. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 280.2, 282.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 5.

Preparation of (S)- 1 -(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-yl)ethane- 1 ,2-diol (4F): Compound 4F was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1H of Example 1 , except that 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-7-vinyl-quinoline (4E) was used instead of compound 1G. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 314.1, 316.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 6.

Preparation of (S)-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (4G): Compound 4G was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound II of example 1, except that (S)-l-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6- methylquinolin-7-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (4F) was used instead of compound 1H. LCMS- ESf (m/z): 398.2, 400.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7- yl)ethyl pivalate (4H): Compound 4H was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IJ of example 1 , except that (S)-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6- methylquinolin-7-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl pivalate (4G) was used instead of compound II. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 454.3, 456.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinolin-7- yl)ethanol (41): Compound 41 was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of Example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(8-(4-chlorophenyl)-6- methylquinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate (4H) was used instead of compound 1 J. LCMS-ESF" (m/z): 370.2, 372.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 5 : Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (53).

To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (51) (15 mg as TFA salt, 0.027 mmol) in THF and methanol (3 mL/1 mL) was added 1 M NaOH solution (1 mL, excess) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 4 hours and diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to provide the desired isomer of 5J as a TFA salt (11 mg, 77%). 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.14 (d, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.52 (dd, 1H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s, 9H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₄ C1 ₂ N0 ₃ : 433.3; Found: 432.1, 434.1.

The (S,R) isomer of 5J was obtained using the same procedure described above except that the (S,R) isomer of 51 was used in the reaction. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.66- 7.62 (m 1H), 5.17 (s, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 1.05 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₄ C1 ₂ N0 ₃ : 433.3; Found: 432.1, 434.1

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (51) :

Step 1.

Preparation of 5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (5A): Compound 5 A was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IF of Example 1, except that 5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-ol (2C) was used instead of compound IE. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 383.9, 385.9 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 5-bromo-2,7-dimethyl-6-vinylquinoline (5B): PdCl ₂ (PPh ₃ ) ₂ (207 mg, 0.30 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (5A) (1.13 g, 2.95 mmol), tributyl(vinyl)stannane (0.95 mL, 3.25 mmol) and lithium chloride (375 mg, 8.85 mmol) in DMF (30 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with argon, heated at 80 °C for 4 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide 5B (678 mg, 88%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 262.1, 264.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of (S)-l-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (5C): Compound 5C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1H of Example 1, except that 5-bromo-2,7-dimethyl-6-vinylquinoline (5B) was used instead of compound 1G. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 296.1, 298.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5 -bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl pivalate (5D): Compound 5D was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound II of Example 1 , except that (S)-l-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6- yl)ethane-l,2-diol (5C) was used instead of compound 1H. LCMS-ESI* (m/z): 380.2, 382.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 5.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (5E): Compound 5E was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compoundlJ of Example 1, except that (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (5D) was used instead compound II. LCMS-ESI* (m/z): 436.2, 438.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 6.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethan ol (5F): Compound 5F was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of Example 1, except that (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyethyl pivalate (5E) was used instead of compound 1J. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 352.2, 354.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyaceti c acid (5G): Compound 5G was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1, except that (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxyethanol (5F) was used instead of compound IK. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 366.1, 368.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate (5H): To a stirred solution of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (5G) (180 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added cesium carbonate (321 mg, 0.98 mmol) at 0 °C. After being stirred for 10 min iodoethane (0.059 mL, 0.74 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched by the slow addition of a NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give the pure product 5H (168 mg, 87%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 394.1, 396.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 9.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (51): Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (3.5 mg, 0.006 mmol) was added to a mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (24 mg, 0.061 mmol), 2,4-dichlorophenylboronic acid (23 mg, 0.12 mmol), 2- dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl ("Sphos", 5 mg, 0.012 mmol) and

K PO ₄ (39 mg, 0.18 mmol) in toluene (1.5 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with argon, heated at 110 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide two isomers of 51 as white solids. Each was obtained as a TFA salt (desired (S,R) enantiomer:18 mg, 53%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 460.2, 462.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 6: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (6D).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (6D) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1 except that (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6 -yl)ethanol (6C) was used instead of compound IK. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.59 (d, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.27 (d, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 4.70-4.55 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z) [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₉ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 457.5; Found: 457.1.

Preparation of (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin -7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (6C) :

Step 1.

Preparation of (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin -7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (6B): Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (4 mg, 0.0037 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (5E) (16 mg, 0.037 mmol), 2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-ylboronic acid hydrochloride (6A) (23 mg, 0.073 mmol) and K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.083 mL 2 M in water, 1.66 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, microwaved at 120 °C for 90 min and the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide 6B as a white solid (4 mg as TFA salt, 18%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 527.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin -7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (6C): Compound 6C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of Example 1 except that (2S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-(5-(2,3-dmydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylq uinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (6B) was used instead of compound 1J. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 433.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 7: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (7 J).

71 7J

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluor omethyl)quinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (7 J) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1L of Example 1 except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (71) was used instead of compound IK. 1H-

NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.01(s, IH), 7.95 (d, IH), 7.71 (d, IH), 7.65-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, IH), 5.24 (s, IH), 2.71 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₂ C1F ₃ N0 ₃ : 452.9; Found: 452.1, 454.1. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (71) :

Step 1.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-ol (7B):

Compound 7B was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1C of Example 1 , except that 5-bromo-6-methoxy-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (7A) was used instead of compound IB. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 306.1, 308.1 (M+H) ⁺ . Step 2.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (7C): Compound 7C was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IF of Example 1 except that 5-bromo-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-ol (7B) was used instead of compound IE. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 437.8, 439.8 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 5 -bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-6-vinylquinoline (7D) :

Compound 7D was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 5B of Example 5, except that 5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate (7C) was used instead of compound 5 A. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 316.1, 318.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of (S)-l -(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6- yl)ethane-l,2-diol (7E): Compound 7E was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1H of Example 1, except that 5-bromo-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)-6-vinylquinoline (7D) was used instead 7of compound 1G. LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): 350.1, 352.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 5.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-2- hydroxyethyl pivalate (7F): Compound 7F was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound II of Example 1 except that (S)-l-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (7E) was used instead of compound 1H. Step 6.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxy ethyl pivalate (7G): Compound 7G was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound 1J of Example 1 except (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy ethyl pivalate (7F) was used instead of compound II. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 490.2, 492.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (7H): Compound 7H was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound IE of Example 1 except that (S)-2- (5-bromo-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-b utoxyethyl pivalate (7G) was used instead of compound ID. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 522.2, 524.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (71): Following the procedure used to prepare compound IK of Example 1 , except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (7H) was used instead of compound 1J. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 438.2, 440.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 8: Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (8L).

A stock solution of periodic acid/chromium trioxide was prepared according to WO 99/52850 by dissolving periodic acid (11.4 g, 50.0 mmol) and chromium trioxide (23 mg, 1.2 mol %) in wet acetonitrile (0.75% H ₂ 0) to a volume of 114 mL. This stock solution (0.40 mL) was added to a solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one (8K, 4.4 mg) in wet acetonitrile (1.5 mL, 0.75% H ₂ 0) at 0 °C. After stirring for 60 min at 0 °C, the reaction was quenched with 1.5 M K ₂ HP0 ₄ solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organic layer was washed with 1 : 1 brine/H ₂ 0 (2x), saturated NaHS0 ₃ /brine, and was dried (MgS0 ₄ ). Concentration and purification by prep-HPLC gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid (8L) (2 mg). 1H- NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.56-7.53 (3 H, m), 7.35 (1 H, d, J = 9.7 Hz), 7.28 (1 H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.22 (1 H, s), 6.43 (1 H, d, J = 9.8 Hz), 5.06 (1 H, s), 2.55 (3 H, s), 0.95 (9 H, s). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₄ : 400.9; Found: 400.2;

LCMS-ESI ^' (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₁ C1N0 ₄ : 398.9; Found: 397.9.

Preparation of (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-2(lH)-one (8K):

Step 1.

Preparation of 4-methoxy-3-methylaniline (8B): To the solution of 1-methoxy-

2-methyl-4-nitrobenzene (10 g, 60 mmol) in EtOH and EtOAc (250 mL, 3:2) was added 10% Pd/C (2 g). The mixture was stirred for 24 h under one atmosphere of hydrogen. Celite was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite. Concentration under reduced pressure gave 4-methoxy- 3-methylaniline (8B) (8.2 g ). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 138.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 2.

Preparation of 6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (3B): To 4-methoxy-3- methylaniline (6.7 g) was added concentrated H ₂ S0 ₄ (12.4 mL), followed by glycerin (21.1 g), m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (6.53 g), H ₃ B0 ₃ (3.4 g) and FeS0 ₄ ^» 7H ₂ 0 (3.2 g). The mixture was stirred at 140 °C for 1 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 °C, quenched with ice- water and neutralized with 30% KOH. The mixture was extracted with DCM (2x), and the combined extracts dried with Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc) to give 6-methoxy-7- methylquinoline (4.3 g) LCMS-ESf (m/z): 174.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 3.

Preparation of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (8C): To the solution of 6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (4.28 g, 24.6 mmol) in 50 mL of concentrated H ₂ S0 ₄ was added NBS (4.41 g, 14.6 mmol) at 15 °C, and the reaction was stirred at 15 °C for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (600 mL). The aqueous mixture was adjusted with a 50% KOH solution to pH -10, and then extracted with DCM (3X). The combined extract was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure gave 5-bromo-6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (6.3 g). LCMS-ESr^ (m/z): 252.1, 254.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 4.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-ol (3D): To the solution of 5- bromo-6-methoxy-7-methylquinoline (6.5 g, 25.8 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) was added BBr ₃ slowly (77.3 mL, 1.0 M in DCM, 77.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 3 hours and cooled to 0 °C. Methanol (40 mL) was added slowly and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The solid was dissolved in methanol (100 mL) and was treated with 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL) (pH ~ 12). The mixture was stirred for 12 hours and acetic acid was added to adjust pH to between 4-5. The mixture was filtered and washed with water. The gray solid was dried under reduced pressure to give 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6- ol (5.0 g). LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): 238.2, 240.1 (M+H) ⁺ , 236.1, 238.0 (M-H).

Step 5.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (8D): To the solution of 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-ol (238 mg, 1.0 mmol) in

dichloromethane (10 mL) and pyridine (2 mL) was added Tf ₂ 0 (0.34 mL, 2.0 mmol) at -30 °C. The mixture was stirred and warmed to 0 °C over a period of 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with slow addition of NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give 5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl

trifluoromethanesulfonate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): 369.9, 371.9 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 6.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (8E): A mixture of 5-bromo-

7-methylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (230 mg, 0.62 mmol),

tributyl(vinyl)stannane (200 μί, 0.68 mmol), lithium chloride (78 mg, 1.86 mmol) and PdCl ₂ (PPh ₃ ) ₂ (43 mg) in DMF (10 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) to provide 5-bromo-7-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (120 mg). LCMS- ESf (m/z): 248.2, 250.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 7.

Preparation of (S)-l-(5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (8F): AD-mix-a (0.7 g) was added to a mixed solvent of t-butanol and water (2.5 mL/2.5 mL) and stirred at 25 °C for 5 min, cooled to 0 °C. The mixture was transferred to another flask containing 5-bromo-7-methyl-6-vinylquinoline (120 mg) and stirred at 0 °C for 48 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (EtOAc) to provide (S)-l-(5- bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane-l,2-diol (118 mg). LCMS-ESr ^1" (m/z): 282.1, 284.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 8.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (8G): To a stirred solution of (S)-l-(5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethane- 1,2-diol (118 mg, 0.42 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) and pyridine (1 mL) was added trimethylacetyl chloride (100 μί, 0.84 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, quenched with slow addition of NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ . Concentration gave the intermediate (124 mg) m/z 366.1, 368.1 (M+H) ⁺ . To the solution of above intermediate (124 mg, 0.34 mmol) in t-butylacetate (3 mL) was added 70% perchloric acid (67 uL, 1.1 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours, quenched with slow addition of NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography

(hexanes/EtOAc) to provide (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (133 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 422.1, 424.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 9.

Preparation of (S)-2-(2-acetoxy-5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyethyl pivalate (8H): To the solution of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)- 2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (130 mg, 0.31 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added mCPBA (70%, 95 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 12 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure gave the intermediate N-oxide (147 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 438.2, 440.2 (M+H) ⁺ . To the above intermediate was added acetic anhydride (5 mL). The mixture was heated at 140 °C for 10 hours. The excess reagents were removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration gave (S)-2-(2-acetoxy-5-bromo-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (130 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 480.0, 482.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 10.

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyethyl pivalate (81): To the solution of (S)-2-(2-acetoxy-5-bromo-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (130 mg) in ethanol (7.5 mL) was added aqueous methylamine solution (0.5 mL, 50%). The mixture was heated at 78 °C for 80 min. Concentration and purification gave (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (68 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 438.2, 440.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 1 1.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (83): The mixture of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2- oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (34 mg, 0.078 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (9 mg), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (16 mg, 0.1 mmol), aqueous K ₂ C0 ₃ solution (0.15 mL, 2 M, 0.3 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL) was heated at 100 °C for 90 minutes. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ . Concentration and purification gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate (22 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 470.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Step 12.

Preparation of (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-2(lH)-one (8K): To the solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (5.8 mg) in THF and methanol (1.5 mL/0.5 mL) was added 1 M NaOH solution (0.6 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours, diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration gave (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-2(lH)-one (4.4 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 386.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 9: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((dimethylamino)me thyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (9).

(S)-2-

(S)-2-(5-bromo-2-

(S)-2-(5-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-ferf- 6-yl)-2-ierf-butoxyethyl pivalate

butoxyethyl pivalate

Preparation of (S)-5-bromo-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: To a stirred solution of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxy ethyl pivalate (5E) (118 mg, 0.31 mmol) in chloroform (5 mL) was added mCPBA (209 mg, 77%, 0.93 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour before quenched with NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with DCM (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (52 mg, 37%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 452.1, 454.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate: To a stirred solution of (S)-5-bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- (pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (25 mg, 0.055 mmol) in toluene (3 mL) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.06 mL, 0.24 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 1 10 °C for 16 hours, then cooled to room temperature. Dimethylamine (2 mL 2 M solution in methanol, excess) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h, then diluted in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a white solid (11 mg, 42%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 479.3, 481.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (2.5 mg, 0.002 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (11 mg, 0.023 mmol), 4- chlorophenylboronic acid (7 mg, 0.046 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.06 mL 2 M in water, 0.13 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 110 °C for 30 min under microwave, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a white solid (5.6 mg, 48%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 511.3, 513.3 (M+H) ⁺ . Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-rnethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a stirred solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-c orophenyl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate (5.6 mg, 0.011 mmol) in THF and methanol (1.5 mL/0.5 mL) was added 2 M NaOH solution (0.5 mL, excess) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 3 hours, diluted with water and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide the desired product (3.0 mg, 64%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 427.3, 429.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-

((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (9): A stock solution of periodic acid/chromium trioxide was prepared according to WO 99/52850 by dissolving periodic acid (11.4 g, 50.0 mmol) and chromium trioxide (23 mg, 1.2 mol %) in wet acetonitrile (0.75% H ₂ 0) to a volume of 114 mL. This stock solution (0.50 mL) was added to a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-

((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (3 mg, 0.007 mmol) in wet acetonitrile (2.0 mL, 0.75% H ₂ 0) at 0 °C. Reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C and quenched with NaHC0 ₃ solution. Ethyl acetate was added and organic layer separated and washed with 1 : 1 brine/H ₂ 0 (2x), then saturated NaHS0 ₃ /brine. The organic layer was dried (MgS0 ₄ ), concentrated and purified by reverse phase

HPLC to give the product as TFA salt (2.5 mg, 81%). 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) 6 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.04 (s, 6H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 441.9; Found: 441.2, 443.3.

Example 10: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (10). mCPBA

K ₂ C0 ₃ 2M chloroform DME, 110 °C (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- 0 °C, 1 h chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-6-(1-ferf-butoxy-2- (S)-2-rerf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- (pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- chlorophenyl)-2,7- ((methylamino)methyl)quin

dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide olin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)qui (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- nolin-6-yl)ethanol chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)quin

olin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -6- yl)ethyl pivalate: Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (69 mg, 0.06 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-2-(5- bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (5E) (325 mg, 0.75 mmol), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (175 mg, 1.1 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (1.3 mL 2 M in water, 2.6 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (10 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 110 °C for 30 min under microwave, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (256 mg, 73%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 468.3, 469.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-6-(l-tert-Butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl )-

2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: Following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-

5- bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-2,7-dimethylqui noline 1-oxide of Example 9, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin -

6- yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxyethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 484.3, 486.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: Following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)- 2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate of Example 9, except that (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- (pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1-oxide was used instead of (S)-5-bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-2,7-dimet hylquinoline 1- oxide, and methylamine solution was used instead of N,N-dimethylamine solution. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 497.3, 499.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: Following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((dimethylamino)me thyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 9, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)e thyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((dimethylamino)me thyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 413.3, 415.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (10): Following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (9) of Example 9, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

((methylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-cMorophenyl)-2-((dimemylamino)methyl)-7-^ 1H- NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.95 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, IH), 7.65-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 2H), 5.22 (s, IH), 4.51 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₇ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 427.9; Found: 427.2, 429.2.

Example 11 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidi n- 1 - ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (11).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- 11

chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidin- 1 -ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (S)-2-iert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidin- 1 -ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidi n-

1 -ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-(piperidin-l-ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate of Example 9, except that (S)-6-(l- tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dim ethylquinoline 1 -oxide was used instead of (S)-5-bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1-oxide, and piperidine was used instead of N,N-dimethylamine solution. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 551.3, 553.3 (M+H) ⁺ . Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidi n- 1 - ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (piperidin-l-ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 9, except that (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidin-l- ylmethyl)quinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 467.4, 469.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidi n- 1 - ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (11): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-(piperidin-l-ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (9) of Example 9, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(piperidin- 1 - ylmethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₃ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 482.0; Found: 481.3, 483.3.

Example 12: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)- 7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (12).

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a stirred solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- ( ivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-cUorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (compound of Example 10) (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.04 mL, 0.29 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 hours, then cooled to room temperature. Sodium methoxide (1 mL 25% solution in methanol, excess) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then water (1 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (4.8 mg, 33%). LCMS- ESf (m/z): 414.2, 416.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)- 7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (12): A stock solution of periodic acid/chromium trioxide was prepared according to WO 99/52850 by dissolving periodic acid (11.4 g, 50.0 mmol) and chromium trioxide (23 mg, 1.2 mol %) in wet acetonitrile (0.75% H ₂ 0) to a volume of 114 mL. This stock solution (0.50 mL) was added to a solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-7-methylq uinolin-6-yl)ethanol (4.8 mg, 0.01 mmol) in wet acetonitrile (2.0 mL, 0.75% H ₂ 0) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0 °C and quenched with NaHC0 ₃ solution. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer separated and washed with 1 : 1 brine/H ₂ 0 (2x), then saturated NaHS0 ₃ /brine. The organic layer was dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the product as TFA salt (2.7 mg, 61%). 1H- NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.10-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z):

[M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₅ C1N0 ₅ : 442.9; Found:442.2, 444.2.

Example 13 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7 - methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (13).

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (ethoxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 12, except that sodium ethoxide in ethanol solution was used instead of sodium methoxide in methanol solution. LCMS-ESI

(m/z): 428.2, 430.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7 - methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (13): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (ethoxycarbonyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (methoxycarbonyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 12, except that (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxymethyl)-7-methylq uinolin-6-yl)ethanol was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.10-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 4.50 (q, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.46 (t, 3H) 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₆ C1N0 ₅ : 456.9; Found: 456.2, 458.2. Example 14: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (14).

, - me y qu no ne -ox e

14

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methyl(phenyl)amino)meth

yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (68 mg, 0.06 mmol) was added to a mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (230 mg, 0.59 mmol) and 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (183 mg, 1.17 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (1.0 mL 2 M in water, 2.06 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (8 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 110 °C for 30 min under microwave, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product (200 mg, 80%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): 426.2, 428.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Preparation of (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in

dichloromethane (5 mL) was added a solution of mCPBA (114 mg, 77%, 0.51 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour before quenched with NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with DCM (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (104 mg, 94%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 442.2, 444.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

((methyl(phenyl) amino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a stirred solution of (S)-6-(l- tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoemyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimet hylquinoline 1-oxide (13 mg, 0.029 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature. N-methylaniline (0.2 mL, excess) and K ₂ C0 ₃ (250 mg, excess) were added. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h, then diluted in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (12 mg, 78%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 531.3, 533.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (14): To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate (12 mg, 0.023 mmol) in THF and methanol (2 mL/1 mL) was added 2 M NaOH solution (0.5 mL, excess) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 3 hours, diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (9.0 mg, 65%). 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.21 (d, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.55 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.75 (m, 3H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₂ ClN ₂ O ₃ : 504.0; Found: 503.3, 505.2. Example 15: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (15).

(S)-6-( 1 -ferf-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- 2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxymethyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethoxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (15): To a stirred solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (compound of Example 14) (12 mg, 0.027 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature. Sodium ethoxide (0.5 mL 21% ethanol solution, excess) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h. Water (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for another 4 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (3.0 mg, 21%). 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 3.75 (q, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.32 (t, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₄ : 442.9; Found: 442.2, 444.2. Example 16: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl )-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (16).

(S)-6-( 1 -ierf-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4- oxoethyl)-5-(4-c lorophenyl)- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- 2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide yl)-2-ferf-butoxyacetate

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-

(S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)- chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate: Acetic anhydride was added to a flask containing (S)-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (compound of Example 14) (42 mg, 0.095 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. Acetic anhydride was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution and water, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was used for next step reaction without purification. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) 484.2, 486.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(2- (acetoxymethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxyacetate (0.095 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added 2 M K2CO3 (0.5 mL, excess) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (26 mg, 62%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 442.2, 444.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid: (S)-6-(l -tert-Butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 9, except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methy lquinolin-6- yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 456.2, 458.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (dimethylcarbamoyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a stirred solution of (S)-6-(l- tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (14 mg, 0.032 mmol), dimethylamine HC1 salt (13 mg, 0.16 mmol) and DIPEA (0.056 mL, 0.32 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (61 mg, 0.16 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) and washed with water and brine, then dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ . Concentration and purification by column chromatography provided the product (7 mg, 45%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 483.2, 485.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (16): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (dimethylcarbamoyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 14, except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetate. 1H- NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.91 (s, IH), 7.87 (d, IH), 7.65-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, IH), 7.40-7.32 (m, IH), 5.23 (s, IH), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 455.9; Found: 455.2, 457.2.

Example 17: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (17).

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl

)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetate: (S)-Ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-7-methylquinolin-6 -yl)acetate of Example 16, except that N-methylaniline was used instead of dimethylamine HC1 salt. LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): 545.2, 547.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (17): (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 14, except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amin o)methyl) quinolin-6- yl)acetate. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.80-7.50 (m, 6H), 7.40-7.10 (m, 6H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 0.95 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ oH ₃₀ ClN ₂ 0 ₄ : 518.0; Found: 517.2, 519.2.

Example 19: 2-(5-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butox yacetic acid (19).

19

2-(5-(biphenyl- -yl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2- ferf-butoxyacetic acid

Preparation of ethyl 2-(5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate: Ethyl 2-(5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)- ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-y l)acetate of Example 14, except that biphenyl-4-ylboronic acid was used instead of 4- chlorophenylboronic acid. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 468.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of 2-(5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetic acid (19): 2-(5-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(pheny l)amino)

methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 14, except that ethyl 2-(5-(biphenyl-4-yl)- 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amin o)methyl) quinolin-6- yl)acetate. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.40 (d, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.40 (m, 4H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H3oN0 ₃ : 440.6; Found: 440.2.

Example 20: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (20).

(R)-6-((S)-1 -t erf-butoxy-2-ethoxy-

2-oxoethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide

(S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- ( methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate

20

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-5-bromo-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1-oxide: To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (248 mg, 0.63 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) was added a solution of mCPBA (283 mg, 77%, 1.26 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour before quenched with NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with DCM (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (212 mg, 82%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 410.2, 412.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation (R)-6-((S)- 1 -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: Pd(PPh ₃ )4 (36 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-5-bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- oxoethyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (86 mg, 0.21 mmol), 2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-ylboronic acid hydrochloride (105 mg, 0.42 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.47 mL 2 M in water, 0.95 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (3 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 90 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product (87 mg, 69%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 501.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-((R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetat e: (S)-Ethyl 2-((R)-2- (acetoxymethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl) -7-methylquinolin-6-yl)- 2-tert-butoxyacetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)-2-tert- butoxyacetate of Example 16, except that (R)-6-((S)-l-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- oxoethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-d imethylquinoline 1-oxide was used instead of 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin e 1- oxide. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 543.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5 -(2,3 -dihydropyrano [4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ac etate: (S)-Ethyl 2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2 -(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate of Example 16, except that (S)-ethyl 2-((R)-2- (acetoxymethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl) -7-methylquinolin-6-yl)- 2-tert-butoxyacetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 501.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin -6-yl)acetate: To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ac etate (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) and DIPEA (0.013 mL, 0.075 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (6.8 mg, 0.06 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours before the addition of N,N-dimethylamine in methanol (0.5 mL 2 M, excess). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 1 h, then diluted in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (18 mg, 97%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 528.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (20): (S)-2-tert- Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2 -

((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 14, except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7- yl)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was used instead of (S)- ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phen yl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetate. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.70 (d, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.83- 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.75-5.68 (m, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.64 (t, 2H), 3.05 (s, 6H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₄ N ₃ O ₄ : 500.6; Found: 500.2. Example 21 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- l)acetic acid (21).

(S)-ethyl 2-terf-butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- 21

de]quinolin-7-yl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin- (S)-2-fert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- 6-yl)acetate dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-

7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (21): To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (compound of Example 20) (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in THF and methanol (2 mL/1 mL) was added 2 M NaOH solution (0.5 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 3 hours, diluted with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (9.0 mg, 79%). Ή-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.66 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.75-4.65 (m, 2H), 3.57 (t, 2H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for ¾ ₈ Η ₂₉ Ν ₂ 0 ₄ : 473.5; Found: 473.1.

Example 22: (R)-6-((S)-tert-butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyr;

de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (22).

(R)-6-((S)-1-terf-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- 22

oxoethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- (R)-6-((S)-tert- yl)-2J-dimethylquinoline 1-oxide butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-cfe]quinolin-7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1-oxide

(R)-6-((S)-tert-Butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyra no[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1-oxide (22) was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dmydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-met hylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 21, except that (R)-6-((S)-l-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2- oxoemyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-di methylquinoline 1-oxide was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ac etate. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.78-8.70 (m, 2H), 7.85 (d, IH), 7.78 (d, IH), 7.44 (d, IH), 7.35 (d, IH), 7.11 (d, IH), 5.23 (s, IH), 5.75-5.65 (m, 2H), 3.65 (t, 2H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₉ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 473.5; Found: 473.2. Example 23 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (23).

23

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2- cte]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic

acid

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (103 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate (5H) (350 mg, 0.89 mmol), 2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- ylboronic acid hydrochloride (447 mg, 1.78 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (2.0 mL 2 M in water, 4.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 90 °C for 16 h. The mixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product (407 mg, 43%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 485.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (23): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6 -yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)- 5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethy l)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 21, except (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6 -yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)- 2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.51 (d, 2H), 8.02-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 4.60 (t, 2H), 3.43 (t, 2H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 0.72 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₈ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 457.5; Found: 457.1.

Example 24: (S)-6-(tert-Butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- meth lquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (24).

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl) amino)methyl)quinolin-6- yl)acetate of Example 14, except that (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide was used instead of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy- 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin e 1 -oxide. LCMS-ES (m/z): 573.3, 575.4 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)arnino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethanol was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) -7-methylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 21 , except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 489.3, 491.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-6-(tert-butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (24): (S)-6-(tert-Butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (methoxycarbonyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 12, except that (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl )amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)ethanol was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (methoxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) 6 8.15- 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.93 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₅ : 428.9; Found: 428.1, 430.1. Example 25: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2-((dimethylamino)methyl )-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (25). (S)

dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide me y qu no ne -ox e

(S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5- 2. Me ₂ NH

(S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5- cyclohexenyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- methanol cyclohexenyl-7-methylquinolin-6- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate

yl)-2-terf-butoxyacetate

(S)-ethyl 2-terf-butoxy-2-(5- 25

cyclohexenyl-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-(5- cyclohexenyl-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-cyclohexenyl-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: Pd(PPh ₃ )4 (6 mg, 0.006 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)- 5-bromo-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide

(compound of Example 20) (20 mg, 0.05 mmol), cyclohexenylboronic acid (12 mg, 0.1 mmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.09 mL 2 M in water, 0.17 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1 mL).

The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 85 °C for overnight, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product (17 mg, 68%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) 412.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-cyclohexenyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate: (S)-Ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5- cyclohexenyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate of Example 16, except that (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-cyclohexenyl-2,7 -dimethylquinoline 1- oxide was used instead of 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 454.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: (S)-Ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate of Example 16, except that (S)-ethyl 2- (2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-cyclohexenyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-t ert-butoxyacetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 412.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: (S)-Ethyl 2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5- cyclohexenyl-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl )acetate was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-((dimethylamino )methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate of Example 20 except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- cyclohexenyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 439.4 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2-((dimethylamino)methyl )- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (25): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 14, except that (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-cyclohexenyl-2-((dimethylamino) methyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate was used instead of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-((methyl(phenyl)amino)methyl) quinolin-6-yl)acetate . ¹ H- NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.40-8.30 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 6.04, 5.70 (br, br, 1H), 5.80, 5.64 (s, s, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.04 (s, 6H), 2.68-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.40-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for

C ₂₅ H ₃₄ N ₂ 0 ₃ : 411.6; Found: 411.3.

Example 26: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7-methylquin olin-6- yl)acetic acid (26).

acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a stirred solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (8J) (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) and pyridine (0.35 mL) was added Tf ₂ 0 (0.1 mL, 0.87 mmol) at -78 °C. The temperature was slowly raised to 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 hours, quenched with slowly addition of NaHC0 ₃ solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to provide a brown colored solid. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (200 mg, 77%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): 602.0, 604.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- vinylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: PdCl ₂ (PPh ₃ ) ₂ (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) was added to (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromet hylsulfonyloxy)quinolin- 6-yl)ethyl pivalate (25 mg, 0.04 mmol), tributyl-vinyl-stannane (0.024 mL, 0.08 mmol) and lithium chloride (7 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 90 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as TFA salt (14 mg, 59%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 480.3, 482.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- vinylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a stirred solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-vinylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate TFA salt (14 mg, 0.024 mmol) in THF and methanol (3 mL/1 mL) was added 1 M NaOH solution (0.5 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 6 hours and diluted with water. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was used in the next reaction without purification. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 396.2, 398.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: A balloon filled with hydrogen was connected to a degassed mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-vinylquin olin- 6-yl)ethanol (9 mg, 0.024 mmol) and Rhodium on activated alumina (2 mg, cat.) in ethanol. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, filtered and concentrated to dry. The obtained residue was used on next step reaction without purification. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 398.2, 400.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (26): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound tert-butoxy-[7-chloro-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-quinolin- 6-yl]- acetic acid of Example 1, except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol was used instead 2-tert-butoxy-2-[7-chloro-5-(4-chloro- phenyl)-2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl]-ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.31 (d, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 3.21 (q, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 1.48 (t, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₇ C1N0 ₃ : 412.9; Found: 412.2, 414.2. Example 27: (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert -butoxyacetic acid (27).

uinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate butoxyet y p va ate

(S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-ferf- (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)- butoxyethanol 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-ferf- butoxyacetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyethyl pivalate: Pd(PPh ₃ )4 (4.6 mg, 0.004 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl sulfonyloxy)quinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (25 mg, 0.04 mmol), 4- chlorophenylboronic acid (13 mg, 0.08 mmol), Na ₂ C0 ₃ (0.14 mL 1 M in water, 0.14 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 90 °C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a TFA salt (15 mg, 55%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 564.3, 566.3, 568.3 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyethanol: (S)-2-(2,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyethanol was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-vinylquinolin-6 -yl)ethanol (compound of Example 26), except that (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-vinylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): 480.2, 482.2, 484.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyacetic acid (27): (S)-2-(2,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert - butoxyacetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7-methylquinolin -6-yl)acetic acid

(compound of Example 26), except that (S)-2-(2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethanol was used instead (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.15-8.02 (m, 4H), 7.98 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₅ C1 ₂ N0 ₃ : 495.4; Found: 494.2, 496.2, 498.2.

Example 28 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7-meth ylquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (28).

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (4.7 mg, 0.004 mmol) was added to a mixture (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (25 mg, 0.04 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (7 mg, 0.08 mmol), KF (8 mg, 0.14) and NaBr (6 mg, 0.06 mmol) in toluene (2 mL). One drop of water was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 90 C for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a TFA salt (11 mg, 47%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): 494.3, 496.3 (M+H) ⁺ . Preparation of (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-vinylquin olin-6- yl)ethanol, (compound of Example 26) except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-vinylquin olin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESr (m/z): 410.3, 412.2 (M+H) ⁺ .

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (28): (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- cyclopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (compound of Example 26) except that(S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7-methylquinolin- 6-yl)ethanol was used instead (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-7-methylquin olin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 300 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.19 (d, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.58 (m, 3H, 7.40-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.58-2.48 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 9H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C2 ₅ H ₂ 6C1N0 ₃ : 424.9; Found: 424.2, 426.2.

Example 29: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholin oquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (29).

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) (S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) -7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-/eri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) (S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-moφholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol -7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: A mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (12 mg, prepared as in Example 26) and morpholine (0.2 mL) in DME was heated at 80 °C for 12 hours. Concentration in vacuo gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (15 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H4 ₀ ClN ₂ O ₄ : 539.3; Found: 539.4.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To the solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (15 mg) in

THF/MeOH (1 mL/1 mL) was added sodium hydroxide solution (1.0 N, 1 mL). The mixture was heated at 50 °C for 16 hours and was diluted with water. The aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethan ol (10 mg). LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₆ H ₃₂ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 454.2: Found: 455.3.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (29): A stock solution of periodic acid/chromium trioxide was prepared according to WO 99/52850 by dissolving periodic acid (11.4 g, 50.0 mmol) and chromium trioxide (23 mg, 1.2 mol %) in wet acetonitrile (0.75% H ₂ 0) to a volume of 114 mL. This stock solution (0.40 mL) was added to a solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (10 mg) in wet acetonitrile (1.5 mL, 0.75% H ₂ 0) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C. Filtration and purification by reverse phase HPLC

(0.1 %TFA/CH3CN-0.1 %TFA/H20) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-moφholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (7.2 mg). 'H-NIVIR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ. 7.76 (m, 2 H), 7.62 (m, 3 H), 7.30 (m, 2 H), 5.14 (s, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 8 H), 2.66 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₆ H ₃₀ ClN ₂ O ₄ : 469.2; Found: 469.3; LCMS-ESr (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₆ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 467.2 Found: 467.0.

Example 30: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(cyclopropylamino) -7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (30).

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-2-(cyclopropylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(cyclopropylami no)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (30) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholin oquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using cyclopropylamine instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ.7.82 (m, 1 H), 7.61 (m, 4 H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.80 (m, 1 H), 5.12 (s, 1 H), 2.90 (m, 1 H), 2.67 (s, 3 H), 1.10 (m, 2 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H), 0.81 (m, 2 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 439.2; Found: 439.2; LCMS- ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 437.2; Found: 437.0;

Example 31 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (methylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (31).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-(methylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(methy lamino)quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (31) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)aceti c acid of Example 29 except using methylamine instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ. 7.7 (m, 1 H), 7.58 (m, 4 H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (m, 1 H), 5.1 1 (s, 1 H), 3.19 (s, 3 H), 2.64 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 413.2; Found: 413.2.

Example 32: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (32).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-2-(dimethylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino) -7-methylquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (32) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid of Example 29 except using dimethylamine instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD)

5.7.79 (s, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 10 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (m, 3 H), 7.31 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.13 (s, 1 H), 3.42 (s, 6 H), 2.66 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 427.2; Found: 427.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M- H] ^" calcd for C ₂ 4H ₂₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 425.2; Found: 425.0.

Example 33 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 4- ylmethylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (33).

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyrid in-4- ylmethylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (33) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholin oquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using pyridin-4-ylmethanamime instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.67 (m, 2 H), 7.72 (m, 3 H), 7.60 (m, 4 H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.97 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (s, 1 H), 5.0 (s, 2 H), 2.64 (s, 3 H), 0.96 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₉ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 490.2; Found: 490.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₇ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 488.2; Found: 488.0.

Example 34: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(2- morpholinoethylamino) quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (34).

34

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(2- morpholinoethylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(2- mo holi oethylamino)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (34) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-crllorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using 2-morpholinoethanamine instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.73-7.55 (m, 5 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 6.90 (m, 1 H), 5.12 (s, 1 H), 4.05-3.81 (m, 6 H), 3.45-3.35 (m, 6 H), 2.65 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₄ : 512.2; Found: 512.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₃ C1N ₃ 0 ₄ : 510.2; Found: 510.1.

Example 35: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-(2- methoxyethoxy)propylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (35).

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-(2- methoxyethoxy)propylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

( (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-(2- methoxyethoxy)propylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (35) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using 3-(2- methoxyethoxy)propan-l -amine instead of morpholine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.7-7.55 (m, 5 H), 7.30 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (m, 1 H), 5.1 1 (s, 1 H), 3.7-3.5 (m, 8 H), 3.35 (s, 3 H), 2.65 (s, 3 H), 2.05 (m, 2 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₅ : 515.2; Found: 515.3; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₄ C1N ₂ 0 ₅ : 513.2; Found: 513.0.

Example 36: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (36).

(S)-2-{5-bromo-7-methyi-2-oxo-1 ,2- (S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano

dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-fer/-butoxyethyl pivalate [4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-

1 ,2-dihydroquinolin¾-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-ter<-butoxy-2-<(R)-2-ferf-butyl-5- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-2-feri-butyl (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin -5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- -7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-€-yl)ethanol 7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 -oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (800 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate of Example 29 except using 2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-ylboronic acid hydrochloride instead of 4- chlorophenylboronic acid. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₇ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 529.3; Found: 529.0. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5 -(2,3 -dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)e thyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert- Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₆ F ₃ N ₂ 0 ₇ S: 661.2; Found: 661.0.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a suspension of copper(I) cyanide (40 mg, 0.44 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at -40 °C was added tert-butyllithium (0.48 mL, 1.7 N, 0.82 mmol) slowly. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, and a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was kept at -45 to -35 °C for 4 hours, and warmed to 25 °C slowly and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction was quenched with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin- 6-yl)ethyl pivalate (14 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₆ H ₄₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 569.3; Found: 569.4.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl- 5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinoli n-6-yl)ethanol (13 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29,except using(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyr ano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₇ N ₂ 0 ₃ : 485.2; Found: 485.1. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3 -dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (36): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2- tert-bu1yl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-me thylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (11.6 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29, except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3 ,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.62 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.66 (m, 2 H), 3.55 (m, 2 H), 2.89 (s, 3 H), 1.54 (s, 9 H), 0.92 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 499.2; Found: 499.2; LCMS- ESr (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 497.2; Found: 497.2. Example 37: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (37A) and (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (37B).

qu no n- -y et y p va ate

- -

(S)-2-fer/-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) 37B

-7-methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) -7-methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic add

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: The solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (35 mg, 0.06 mmol), ethynylbenzene (8 μΐ , 0.08 mmol), and triethylamine (1 mL) in ethyl acetate (0.5 mL) was degassed with nitrogen.

Copper(I) iodide (1 mg) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) dichloride (7 mg) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate.

Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₇ C1N0 ₃ : 554.2; Found: 554.3. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (12 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)eth yl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholin oquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₂₉ ClNO ₂ : 470.2; Found: 470.2.

Preparation of(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (37A) : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (4.9 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quino lin-6-yl)ethanol instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6- yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.95 (m, 1 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.7-7.6 (m, 6 H), 7.50 (m, 3 H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (s, 1 H), 2.72 (s, 3 H), 0.99 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₂₇ ClNO ₃ : 484.2; Found: 484.2. Preparation of(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-pheneth ylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (6 mg) and rhodium on alumina (2 mg) in ethanol (1.5 mL) was stirred under 1 atm of hydrogen for 3 hours. Celite was added, and the mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. Concentration of the mother liquor under reduced pressure gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- phenethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (6. 5 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₃ ClNO ₂ : 474.2; Found: 474.3.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (37B): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (4.8 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholin oquinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.21 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.7-7.6 (m, 4 H), 7.37 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.3-7.15 (m, 5 H), 5.24 (s, 1 H), 3.46 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 3.18 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 2.76 (s, 3 H), 0.96 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₁ ClNO ₃ : 488.2; Found: 488.2.

Example 38 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(cyclopropylethyny l)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (38).

(S)-2-terNbutoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-2-(cyclopropylethynyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(cyclopropylethyny l)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (38) (5.5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using

ethynylcyclopropane instead of ethynylbenzene. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.0 (m, 1 H), 7.84 (s, 1 H), 7.64-7.55 (4 H, m), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.21 (s, 1 H), 2.72 (s, 3 H), 1.65 (m, 1 H), 1.13-1.02 (m, 4 H), 0.98 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₇ C1N0 ₃ : 448.2; Found: 448.2.

Example 39: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-cyclopropylethy l)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (39).

(S)-2-(ferf-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-cyclopropyle thyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (39) (5.7 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-phenethyl quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using ethynylcyclopropane instead of

ethynylbenzene. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.17 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.6-7.5 (m, 3 H), 7.31 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (s, 1 H), 3.21 (m, 2 H), 2.71 (s, 3 H), 1.72 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (s, 9 H), 0.75 (m, 1 H), 0.41 (m, 2 H), 0.02 (m, 2 H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₃₁ C1N0 ₃ : 452.2; Found: 452.2.

Example 40: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (40).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (40) (4.9 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl -2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)q uinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.71 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.9- 7.8 (m, 2 H), 7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.58 (m, 2 H), 7.45 (m, 4 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.75 (m, 2 H), 3.64 (m, 2 H), 2.85 (s, 3 H), 0.94 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 543.2; Found: 543.1 ; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₅ H ₂ 9N ₂ 0 ₄ : 541.2.; Found: 541.0.

Example 41 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (41).

(S)-2-ier butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2- phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (41) (5.2 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 -

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)q uinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.51 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 2 H), 7.2-7.05 (m, 6 H), 5.15 (s, 1 H), 4.56 (m, 2 H), 3.35 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.22 (m, 2 H), 3.07 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 2.80 (s, 3 H), 0.82 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 547.2; Found: 547.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 545.2; Found: 545.1. Example 42: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylethynyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetic acid (42).

(S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylethynyl)-5-(2,3-di hydropyrano[4,3,2-c/e]quinolin-7-yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylethynyl)-5-(2,3-dihyd ropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (42) (5.2 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-

2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-met hyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylcyclopropane instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylbenzene. Ή-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.68 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.0 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.5 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (s, 1 H), 4.70 (m, 2 H), 3.62 (m, 2 H), 2.83 (s, 3 H), 1.60 (m, 1 H), 1.05-0.88 (m, 4 H), 0.93 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 507.2; Found: 507.1 ; LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₂₉ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 505.2; Found: 505.1.

Example 43 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2-de] quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (43).

43

(S)-2-ferNbutoxy-2-((R)-2-(2-cyclopropyte^^

7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-5-(2,3-dihyd ropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (43) (5.9 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- phenethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-

((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methy l-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylcyclopropane instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylbenzene. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.55 (m, 1 H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.62-7.45 (m, 3 H), 7.23 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.19 (s, 1 H), 4.78 (m, 2 H), 3.43 (m, 2 H), 3.20 (m, 2 H), 2.84 (s, 3 H), 1.65 (m, 2 H), 0.84 (s, 9 H), 0.7 (m,l H), 0.4 (m, 2 H), 0.02 (m, 2 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 51 1.2; Found: 51 1.2; LCMS- ESf (m/z): [M-H] ^' calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 509.2; Found: 509.1.

Example 44: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(prop-l-ynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (44).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl) -7-methyl-2-(prop-1 -ynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(prop-l -ynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (44) (4.6 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-

2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-met hyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and prop-l-yne instead of (S)-

2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluorom ethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-

6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylbenzene. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.67 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2 H), 7.5-7.4 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J= 8 Hz, 1 H),

7.35 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (s, 1 H), 4.70 (m, 2 H), 3.62 (m, 2 H), 2.83 (s, 3 H), 2.15

(s, 3 H), 0.93 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₂ 9N ₂ O ₄ : 481.2;

Found: 481.4; LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ oH ₂₇ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 479.2; Found: 479.1. Example 45 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-i/e]quin olin-7-yl)-2- ethynyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (45).

45

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-c/e]q uinoli

-2-ethynyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- ethynyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (45) (5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-

(phenylethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 37 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl -2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynyltrimethylsilane instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and ethynylbenzene. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.69 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2 H), 7.5- 7.4 (m, 3 H), 5.24 (s, 1 H), 4.75 (m, 2 H), 3.98 (s, 1 H), 3.65 (m, 2 H), 2.83 (s, 3 H), 0.93 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₂₇ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 467.2; Found: 467.1 ; LCMS-ESr (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₉ H ₂₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 465.2; Found: 465.0 .

Example 46: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (46).

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-

7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-

2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 36) (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in THF/ MP (0.75 mL/75 xL) was added iron (III)

acetylacetonate ( 2 mg), followed by isopropylmagnesium bromide (1.0 N, 0.14 mL, 0.14 mmol) slowly. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and was quenched with water. Ethyl acetate was added, and the organic layer was separated, washed with brine and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylqu inolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (1 1 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H4 ₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 555.3; Found: 555.4.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-

7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylqu inolin-6-yl)ethanol (8 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- clllorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H3 ₅ N ₂ O ₃ : 471.3; Found: 471.3.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (46): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-met hylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (7 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.60 (d, J - 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.1 1 (s, 1 H), 7.98 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.7-7.6 (m, 2 H), 7.51 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.64 (m, 2 H), 3.55-3.40 (m, 3 H), 2.90 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (m, 6 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H33N ₂ O ₄ : 485.2; Found: 485.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₁ N ₂ O ₄ : 483.2; Found: 483.2.

Example 47: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclobutyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (47).

(S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclobutyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyran o

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclobutyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (47) (10 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 46 except using

cyclobutylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.60 (m, 1 H), 8.10 (m, 1 H), 7.95 (m, 1 H), 7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.45 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m,l H), 5.25 (s, 1 H), 4.63 (m, 2 H), 3.5 (m, 2 H), 3.30 (m, 1 H), 2.90 (s, 3 H), 2.6-2.4 (m, 4 H), 2.3 (m, 1 H), 2.0 (m, 1 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z):

[M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H33N ₂ 0 ₄ : 497.2; Found: 497.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 495.2; Found: 495.2.

Example 48: (S)-2-((R)-2-(but-3-enyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quin olin-7-yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (48).

48

(S)-2-((f?)-2-(but-3-enyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de] quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-ferf-butoxyacetic acid

(S)-2-((R)-2-(but-3-enyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]q uinolin-7-yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (48) (12 mg) ) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-

7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 46 except using but-3- enylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.62 (m, 1 H), 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (m, 1 H), 7.68 (m, 1 H), 7.57 (m, 2 H), 7.32 (m, 1 H), 5.90 (m, 1 H), 5.25 (s, 1 H), 5.08 (m, 2 H), 4.64 (m, 2 H), 3.52 (m, 2 H), 3.25 (m, 2 H), 2.90 (s, 3 H), 2.62 (m, 2 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 497.2; Found: 497.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for

C31H31N2O4: 495.2; Found: 495.1. Example 49: (2S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((5R)-2-sec-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[ 4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (49).

(2S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((5R)-2-sec-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyra no

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((5R)-2-sec-butyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyra no[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (49) (9.4 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano [4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 46 except using sec-butylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.58 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.96 (m, 1 H), 7.67-7.58 (m, 2 H), 7.48 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 5.25 (s, 1 H), 4.62 (m, 2 H), 3.48 (m, 2 H), 3.2 (m, 1 H), 2.90 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (m, 2 H), 1.44 (m, 3 H), 0.91 (m, 12 H); LCMS- ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ iH ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 499.2; Found: 499.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z):

[M-H]- calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 497.2; Found: 497.2.

Example 50: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isobutyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (50).

50

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de] quinolin-7-yl)-2-isobutyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- isobutyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (50) (10 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 46 except using isobutylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. ¹ H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.65 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.12 (s, 1 H), 8.03 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 2 H), 7.33 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.05 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 2.92 (s, 3 H), 2.2 (m, 1 H), 1.02 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6 H), 0.92 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z) [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ iH ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 499.2;

Found: 499.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z) [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 497.2; Found: 497.2.

Example 51 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclopentyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[ 4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (51).

51

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclopentyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyra no

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-€-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclopentyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyra no[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (51) (8 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid in of Example 46 except using cyclopentylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.63 (m, 1 H), 8.12 (s, 1 H), 8.01 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.54 (m, 1 H), 7.32 (m, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.52 (m, 3 H), 2.91 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (m, 2 H), 2.0-1.8 (m, 6 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 51 1.2; Found: 51 1.1 ; LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 509.2 Found: 509.1. Example 52: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclohexyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4 ,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (52).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclohexyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclohexyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyran o[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (52) (11 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid in of Example 46 except using

cyclohexylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. ¹ H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.62 (m, 1 H), 8.13 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.54 (m, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.50 (m, 2 H), 3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.91 (s, 3 H), 2.1-1.35 (m, 10 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₇ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 525.3 ; Found: 525.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 523.3; Found: 523.2. Example 53 : (S)-2-((R)-2-Benzyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid: (53).

53

(S)-2-((R)-2-Benzyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (53) (8 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 46 except using benzylmagnesium bromide instead of isopropylmagnesium bromide. ^l H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.61 (m, 1 H), 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.82-7.70 (m, 2 H), 7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.4- 7.2 (m, 7 H), 5.24 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 4.45 (s, 2 H), 3.55 (m, 2 H), 2.89 (s, 3 H), 0.91 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ 4H33N ₂ 0 ₄ : 533.3; Found: 533.2; LCMS-ESr (m/z): [M-H] ^~ calcd for C ₃₄ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 531.3; Found: 531.1. Example 54: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (54).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydro

pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate [4,3,2-rfe]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)

-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-2-(2,6- dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (7.5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate of Example 8 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 - (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and 2,6- dimethylphenylboronic acid instead of (S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate and 4-chlorophenylboronic acid. LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₄₀ H ₄₅ N ₂ O ₄ : 617.3; Found: 617.5.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2 -(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (5.5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-7-memyl-2-morpholinoq uinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ 5H37N ₂ 0 ₃ : 533.3; Found: 533.4.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (54): (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-2-(2,6- dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (3.5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(2,6-dim ethylphenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol instead of ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.66 (m, 1 H), 8.13 (m, 1 H), 7.95 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (m, 1 H), 7.64 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 1 H), 7.4-7.25 (m, 2 H), 7.23 (m, 2 H), 5.29 (s, 1 H), 4.68 (m, 2 H), 3.57 (m, 2 H), 2.89 (s, 3 H), 2.06 (s, 6 H), 0.94 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 547.3;

Found: 547.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 545.3 ; Found: 545.2.

Example 55: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropy rano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (55).

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((f?)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydrop yrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydr opyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (55) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (3.5 mg) of Example 54 except using 3-chlorophenylboronic acid instead of 2,6-dimethylphenylboronic acid . Ή-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.71 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (s, 1 H), 8.04 (m, 1 H), 7.9-7.75 (m, 3 H), 7.6-7.4 (m, 4 H), 5.27 (s, 1 H), 4.74 (m, 2 H), 3.66 (m, 2 H), 2.86 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H); LCMS- LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₀ ClN ₂ O : 553.2; Found: 553.1 ; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^~ calcd for

C ₃₃ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 551.2; Found: 551.1.

Example 56: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropy rano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (56).

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropy rano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (56) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (3.5 mg) of Example 54 except using 4-chlorophenylboronic acid instead of 2,6-dimethylphenylboronic acid . 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.70 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.22 (s, 1 H), 8.13 (d, J = 8.4 HZ, 2 H), 7.9-7.75 (m, 3 H), 7.6-7.5 (m, 2 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.27 (s, 1 H), 4.75 (m, 2 H), 3.64 (m, 2 H), 2.86 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H).

LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₀ ClN ₂ O ₄ : 553.2; Found: 553.1 ; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₃ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 551.2; Found: 551.1.

Example 57: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-phenylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (57).

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-phenylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (57) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (3.5 mg) of Example 54 except using phenylboronic acid instead of 2,6-dimethylphenylboronic acid . Ή-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.71 (m, 1 H), 8.24 (m, 1 H), 8.12 (m, 2 H), 7.85 (m, 2 H), 7.75 (m, 2 H), 7.60 (m, 3 H), 7.43 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 5.28 (s, 1 H), 4.69 (m, 2 H), 3.63 (m, 2 H), 2.88 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 519.2; Found: 519.1.

Example 58: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclopropyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[ 4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (58).

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-2-cyclopropyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[ 4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (58) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (3.5 mg) of Example 54 except using cyclopropylboronic acid instead of 2,6-dimethylphenylboronic acid . 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.65 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.24 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.51 (m, 2 H), 2.90 (s, 3 H), 2.50 (m, 1 H), 1.54 (m, 2 H), 1.30 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₁ N ₂ O ₄ : 483.2; Found: 483.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for

C ₃₀ H ₂₉ N ₂ O ₄ : 481.2; Found: 481.2.

Example 59: (S)-2-(l ,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid: (59).

(S)-2-(1 ,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydroquinolin

-6-yl)-2-ferf-butoxyethyl pivalate

(S)-6-(1-feri-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)

-1 ,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl) (S)-2-(1 ,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl -7-methy Iq u i noli n-2( 1 H)-one -1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-feri-butoxyacetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-(l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate: To the solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (8J) (23 mg, 0.05 mmol) and 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (16 mg, 0.10 mmol) in

dichloromethane (2 mL) was added copper (II) acetate (9 mg), followed by molecular sieve 4A and pyridine ( 82 μί). The mixture was stirred for 5 days, and filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. Concentration and purification by flash column

chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-(l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate (25 mg). LCMS-ESI* (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₆ C1 ₂ N0 ₄ : 580.2; Found: 580.0.

Preparation of ( (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl) - 7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one: (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-l ,5-bis(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6- yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-(l ,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₈ C1 ₂ N0 ₃ : 496.1 ; Found: 496.3.

Preparation of ( (S)-2-(l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (59): (S)-2-(l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy- 2-hydroxyethyl)-l,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(l H)-one instead of ((S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-clllorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H- NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.51 (m, 3 H), 7.46 (m, 2 H), 7.25 (d, J - 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.2- 7.15 (m, 3 H), 6.52 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.42 (s, 1 H), 5.05 (s, 1 H), 2.28 (s, 3 H), 0.93 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₆ C1 ₂ N0 ₄ : 510.1 ; Found: 510.1. Example 60: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid: (60).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((f?)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl) dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)

-2-((S)-1 , 1 -dimethoxy-3-methylbutan

-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)

quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate -2-ylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl

-8-methylimidazo[1 ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-feAi-butoxy-2-((f?)-6-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)

-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo (S)-2-fert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3- [1 ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol dihydropyrano[4,3,2-cte]quinolin-7-yl)

-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo

[1 ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- -yl)-2-((S)- 1 , 1 -dimethoxy-3 -methylbutan-2-ylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)qui nolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 36) (30 mg) and (S)-l ,l-dimethoxy-3-methylbutan-2-amine (70 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated at 160 °C for 10 hours. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, and was washed with 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-((S)-l ,l-dimethoxy-3-methylbutan-2- ylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (22 mg). LCMS-ESF" (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₉ H ₅₂ N ₃ 0 ₆ : 658.4; Found: 658.3.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2-((S)-l ,l- dimethoxy-3-methylbutan-2-ylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)eth yl pivalate (22 mg) and acetic acid (0.1 mL) in xylene (2 mL) was heated at 180 °C for 90 minutes. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, and was washed with 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qumolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimi dazo[l ,2-a]quinolin-7- yl)ethyl pivalate (8.7 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₇ H ₄₄ N ₃ 04: 594.3; Found: 594.4.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-6-(2,3 -dihydropyrano[4,3 ,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo [ 1 ,2- a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holi oquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquino lin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₆ N ₃ 0 ₃ : 510.3; Found: 510.3.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (60): (S)-2-tert- Butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2 -isopropyl-8- methylimidazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylim idazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7- yl)ethanol instead of ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.8 (s, 1 H), 8.65 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.58 (s, 1 H), 7.7 (m, 1 H), 7.6 (m, 1 H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 3 H), 5.23 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.3 (m, 1 H), 2.93 (s, 3 H), 1.50 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6 H), 0.93 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃ 4N ₃ 0 ₄ : 524.3; Found: 524.2; LCMS-ESr (m/z): [M-H] ^' calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₂ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 522.3; Found: 522.1.

Example 61 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-8- methyl-2-phenylimidazo[l ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (61).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-8-methyl

-2-phenylimidazo[1 ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-8- methyl-2-phenylimidazo[l,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (61) (2.9 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano [4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropyl-8-methylimidazo[l ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid of Example 60 except using 2,2-dimethoxy-l-phenylethanamine instead of (S)-l ,l- dimethoxy-3-methylbutan-2-amine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 9.34 (s, 1 H), 8.67 (m, 1 H), 8.60 (m, 1 H), 7.98 (m, 2 H), 7.7 (m, 1 H), 7.6-7.4 (m, 5 H), 7.3 (m, 2 H), 5.25 (s, 1 H), 4.66 (m, 2 H), 3.54 (m, 2 H), 2.95 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₅ H ₃₂ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 558.2; Found: 558.2; LCMS-ESF (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃ 5H ₃ oN ₃ 04: 556.2; Found: 556.1.

Example 62: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methylimidazo[l,2- a]quinolin- 7-yl)acetic acid (62).

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)

-8-methylimidazo[1 ,2-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methylimidazo[ 1 ,2-a]quinolin-7- yl)acetic acid (62) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-6-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-isopropy l-8-methylimidazo[l,2- a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid of Example 60 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and 2,2-dimethoxyethanamine instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and (S)-l ,l-dimethoxy-3- methylbutan-2-amine. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.92 (m, 1 H), 8.45 (m, 1 H), 8.10 (m, 1 H), 7.7-7.6 (m, 5 H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 5.21 (s, 1 H), 2.80 (s, 3 H), 0.99 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₄ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 423.; Found: 423.2; LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₂ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 421.1 ; Found: 421.0.

Example 63 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-[l ,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (63).

(S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7 (S

-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl )-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) hydrazinyl

sulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate -2- -7-methylquinolin-6-yl)

ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-2-hydrazinyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl) -8-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)

acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (10 mg) and hydrazine in THF (1.0 N, 1 mL, 1 mmol) was heated at 80 °C for 12 hours. Concentration under reduced pressure gave (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7-methylquinolin-6 -yl)ethyl pivalate, which was used for next step without purification. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₃₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 484.2; Found: 484.3. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6 -yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₇ C1N ₃ 0 ₂ : 400.2; Found: 400.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl- [l ,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol and triethyl orthoformate (0.5 mL) in butanol (5 mL) was heated at 100 °C for 12 hours. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, and was washed with 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8- methyl-[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol (3.3 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z):

[M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₂ : 410.2; Found: 410.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl- [l ,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (63): (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4- chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)a cetic acid was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin- 7-yl)ethanol instead of ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholi noquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 9.95 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (s, 1 H), 7.6 (m, 3 H), 7.54 (m, 1 H), 7.35 (m, 2 H), 5.17 (s, 1 H), 2.75 (s, 3 H), 0.99 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₃ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 424.1 ; Found: 424.2; LCMS-EST (m/z) [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₁ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 422.1Found: 421.9. Example 64: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l, 5-a]quinolin- 7-yl)acetic acid (64).

Scheme 9

e y p va a e

(S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-{6-{4-chlorophenyl) (S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)

-8-methyltetrazolo[1 ,5-a]quinolin-7-yl) -8-methyltetrazolo[1 ,5-a]quinolin-7-yl)

ethanol acetic acid

64

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l ,5- a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate: The mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26)(30 mg) and sodium azide (32 mg) in DMF (1 mL) was heated at 90 °C for 4 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with water and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8- methyltetrazolo[l,5-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate (5.9 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₃₂ C1N ₄ 0 ₃ : 495.2; Found: 495.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l ,5- a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l ,5- a]quinolin-7-yl)ethanol (5 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-mo holinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8- methyltetrazolo[l,5-a]quinolin-7-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₄ C1N ₄ 0 ₂ : 41 1.2; Found: 41 1.1. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l ,5- a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (64): (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8- methyltetrazolo[l,5-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetic acid (4.9 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyltetrazolo[l,5-a]quinolin-7-yl)et hanol instead of ((S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinol in-6-yl)ethanol. . 1H- NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.61 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.67-7.55 (m, 4 H), 7.39 (d, J = 9.2 HZ, 1 H), 5.2 (s, 1 H), 2.79 (s, 3 H), 1.00 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₂ C1N ₄ 0 ₃ : 425.1 ; Found: 425.1 .

Example 65 : (S)-2-(2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)-2-tert- butoxyacetic acid (65A) and (S)-2-(l-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (65B)

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)

ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-(2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl) (S)-1 -benzyl-6-(1 -ferf-butoxy

-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-feri-butoxyethanol

-7-methylquinolin-2(1 H)-one

Cr0 ₃

Cr0 ₃

H ₅ I0 ₆

H ₅ I0 ₆

CH ₃ CN

CH ₃ CN

0 °C

0 °C

(S)-2-(2-(b

-7-methylquino lin-6-yl)-2-ieri-butoxyacetic acid

(S)-2-(1-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)

-7-methyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)

65A -2-feri-butoxyacetic acid

65B

Preparation of (S)-2-(2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)- 2-tert-butoxyethanol and (S)-l-benzyl-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one: To the solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (8 J) (16 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added sodium hydride (7 mg, 60% oil, 0.17 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and benzyl bromide (6 μϋ,, 0.05 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred another 90 minutes, and was quenched with water, and left for 12 hours. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave (S)-2-(2- (benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert -butoxyethanol (3.1 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₃₀ ClNO ₃ : 476.2; Found: 476.1. (S)-l- Benzyl-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2( 1 H)- one was also isolated 6.1 mg LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₃₁ C1N0 ₃ : 476.2; Found: 476.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-(2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-y l)- 2-tert-butoxyacetic acid: (S)-2-(2-(Ben2yloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (65 A) (3.3 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholi noquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-2-(2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyethanol instead of ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. . 'H-NIVIR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.82 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (m, 3 H), 7.51 (m, 2 H), 7.41- 7.10 (m, 4 H), 7.12 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.58 (s, 2 H), 5.18 (s, 1 H), 2.66 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₄ : 490.2; Found: 490.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-(l-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid: (S)-2-(l -Benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (65B) (5.4 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 29 except using (S)-l- benzyl-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7 -methylquinolin-2(lH)- one instead of ((S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)ethanol. . 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.6-7.5 (m, 3 H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 8 H), 6.59 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.64 (s, 2 H), 5.02 (s, 1 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H), 0.94 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₄ : 490.2; Found:

490.2; LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₂₇ C1N0 ₄ : 488.2; Found: 488.0.

Example 66: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-7-methylqu inolin-6- yl)acetic acid: (66).

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-7-methy lquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (66) (2.3 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-(2- (benzyloxy)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert -butoxyacetic acid of Example 65 except using iodomethane instead of benzyl bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.6-7.5 (m, 4 H), 7.30 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.16 (s, 1 H), 4.08 (s, 3 H), 2.62 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESf (m/z):

[M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₅ C1N0 ₄ : 414.1 ; Found: 414.2; LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₄ : 412.1 ; Found: 412.0 .

Example 67: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-l ,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (67).

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 J-dimethyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 1 ,7-dimethyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (67) (2.0 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-(l-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydr oquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid of Example 65 except using iodomethane instead of benzyl bromide. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 7.6-7.5 (m, 4 H), 7.3-7.26 (m, 2 H), 6.49 (d, J = 10 Hz, 1 H), 5.06 (s, 1 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H), 2.64 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₅ C1N0 ₄ : 414.1; Found: 414.2; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₃ C1N0 ₄ : 412.1; Found: 412.0.

Example 68: (S)-2-((R)-l -benzyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (68).

68

(S)-2-((R)-1-benzyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de] quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)

-2-feri-butoxyacetic acid

(S)-2-((R)-l-Benzyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 -yl)-7-methyl-2- oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (68) (1.0 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-(l-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid of Example 65 except using (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 7-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate. 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.68 (m, 1 H), 7.9 (m, 1 H), 7.75 (m, 1 H), 7.6 (m, 3 H), 7.43 (m, 4 H), 7.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.37 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.49 (s, 2 H), 5.07 (s, 1 H), 4.83 (m, 2 H), 3.50 (m, 2 H), 2.72 (s, 3 H), 0.90 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for

C ₃₄ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 549.2; Found: 549.1 ; LCMS-ESI ^" (m/z): [M-H] ^" calcd for C ₃₄ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 547.22; Found: 547.1.

Example 69: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (69). (S)-2-fer f-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate

(S)- 2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2- (S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)quinolin-6-yl)et anol yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 36) (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane was added thiophen-2-ylboronic acid (15 mg, 0.1 14 mmol), 2 M potassium carbonate (0.15 mL, 0.30 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (9 mg, 0.008 mmol) and the resulting solution was degassed 5 minutes with argon. The mixture was then heated for 20 minutes at 1 10 °C in a microwave reactor. The crude reaction was absorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a brown film (23.2 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₆ H ₃₉ N ₂ 0 ₄ S: 595.26; found: 595.48.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a solution of (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2-(thiophen-2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (23 mg, 0.039 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran and methanol (5: 1, 3 mL) was added 1 M sodium hydroxide (2 mL) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. An additional 2 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature over the weekend. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give a yellow film (14 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z) [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ iH ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₃ S: 51 1.20; found: 51 1.40.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (69): To a solution of (S)-2- tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen- 2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol in wet acetonitrile at 0 °C was added 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I06 ( 0.206 mL, 0.082 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 3 hours, and an additional 0.082 mmol of 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ H ₅ I0 ₆ was added. The reaction was quenched with 1 M NaH ₂ P0 2H ₂ 0 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 10-55% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA).

Product lyophilized to give a yellow powder (4 mg). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.62 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 4.62 (m, 2H), 3.48 (t, J = 6.0, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₂₉ N ₂ 0 ₄ S: 425.18; found: 425.25.

Example 70: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(l H-pyrazol-5- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (70).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl -2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-py razol-5- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (70) was prepared using the procedure to prepare (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2-(thiophen-2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 69 except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and lH-pyrazol-5- ylboronic acid was used instead of thiophen-2-ylboronic acid. Additionally, in the second step the crude extract was co-evaporated two times with acetonitrile and in the final step the Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ was added in one portion and stirred 2 hours. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.98 (AB _q , J = 22.4, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 097 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 450.15; found: 450.62.

Example 71 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (71).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)

-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (71) was prepared using the procedure to prepare (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 69 except that lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid was used instead of thiophen-2-ylboronic acid, in the second step the crude extract was co-evaporated two times with acetonitrile and in the final step the Cr0 ₃ /H I0 ₆ was added in one portion and stirred for 2 hours. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.64 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ oH ₂₉ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 509.21 ; found: 509.26. Example 72: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (72).

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (72) was prepared using the procedure to prepare (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 71 except that pyrimidin-5-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid and the final reaction was stirred 1 hour. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.43 (s, 2H), 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J - 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.62 (m, 2H), 3.48 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 094 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₂₉ N ₄ 0 : 521.21 ; found: 521.18.

Example 73 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 4- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (73).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl- 2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyrid in-4-yl)quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (73) was prepared following the procedure used for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-y l)acetic acid of Example 70 except that pyridin-4-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid and in the final step the reaction was stirred for 3 hours.

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.84 (s, 2H), 8.46 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J - 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J - 8 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for

C ₂₇ H ₂₅ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 461.16; found: 461.64.

Example 74: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 3- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (74).

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyrid in-3-yl)quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (74) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 73 except that pyridin-3-ylboronic acid was used instead of pyridin-4-ylboronic acid. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.49 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 7.91 (m, 2H), 7.80 (Abq, J = 26.2, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (m, 3H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 461.16; found: 461.00.

Example 75: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (75).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (75) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 71 except that pyridin- 4-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid and the final reaction was stirred for 1 hour. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.82 (br s, 2H), 8.63 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H). LCMS- ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₀ N ₃ O ₄ : 520.22; found: 520.22. Example 76: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(thiazol- 4- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (76).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl- 2-(thiazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(thiaz ol-4-yl)quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (76) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acet ic acid of Example 70 except that thiazol-4-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid and the in the final step the reaction was stirred for 1.5 hours. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.07 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₄ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ S: 467.1 1 ; found: 467.49. Example 77: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyraz ol-4- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (77).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl- 2-(l H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-py razol-4- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (77) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-( 1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 70 except that 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid and the in the final step the reaction was stirred for 1 hour. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.45 (s, 2H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 9 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 450.15; found: 450.53.

Example 78: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3 ,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (78).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-( 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (78) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 71 except that 4- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole was used instead of 1H- pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid. Ή-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.64 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (br s, 2H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.45 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 1H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 0.89 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₂₉ N ₄ O ₄ : 509.21 ; found: 509.07.

Example 79 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (79).

chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- cWorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin -6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26; 50 mg, 0.08 mmol) in 1 ,2 -dimethoxyethane (1 mL) was added 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (0.040 mL, 0.125 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ and the reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 5 minutes. The reaction was heated to

1 10 °C in a microwave reactor for 20 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was absorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a clear oil (45.2 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for

C ₃₂ H ₃₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 531.23; found: 531.68.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (45.2 mg, 0.085 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran and methanol (5:1, 1 mL) was added 1 M sodium hydroxide (2 mL) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The crude extract was co-evaporated two times with acetonitrile to give a clear oil (33.8 mg). LCMS-ESI* (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₂ : 447.18; found: 447.72.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (79): To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (33.8 mg, 0.076 mmol) in wet acetonitrile at 0 °C was added 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ /¾I0 ₆ (1.13 mL, 0.454 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1 M

NaH ₂ P0 ₄ 2H ₂ 0 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 10-70% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a white amorphous powder (5.1 mg). 1H- NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.77 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (m, 4H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₆ C1N ₂ 0 ₃ : 461.16; found: 461.91.

Example 80: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- meth l-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (80).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (80) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin- 2- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 79 except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulf onyloxy)quinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate, a catalytic amount of lithium chloride was used during the first step and the final step was stirred for 1 hour. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.72 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (m, 2H), 8.23 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.1 1 (s, 1H), 8.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, H = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.62 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, J = 6.0, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃ oN ₃ 0 ₄ : 520.22; found: 520.23.

Example 81 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- meth l-2-(pyridin-3-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (81).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (pyridin-3 -yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (81) was prepared following the procedure use for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 71 except that pyridin-3-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5-ylboronic acid. 'H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.73 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (m, 1H), 8.38 (br s, 1H), 7.68 (m, 3H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.55 (m, 2H), 3.43 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 0.88 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃ oN ₃ 0 ₄ : 520.22; found: 520.22.

Example 82 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H- imidazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (82)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(l-met hyl-lH-imidazol-5- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(l-met hyl-lH-imidazol-5- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (82) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinol in-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 79 except that l-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)-lH-imidazole was used instead of 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine, a catalytic amount of lithium chloride was used in the first step and the final reaction was stirred for 3 hours. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 2H), 7.54 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.27 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 0.96 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₆ H ₂₇ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 464.17; found: 464.51.

Example 83 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (83)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(l- methyl- lH-imidazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(l -methyl- lH-imidazol-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (83) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid of Example 80 except that l-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)-lH-imidazole was used instead of 2- (tributylstannyl)pyridine, the first reaction was run for 25 minutes and using a catalytic amount of lithium chloride, and the second step was stirred at room temperature over the weekend instead of overnight at 45 °C. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.66 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.59 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, 3H), 3.45 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₁ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 523.23; found: 523.28.

Example 84 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5 -(2,3 -dihydropyrano[4,3 ,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (84).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)- 5 -(2 ,3 -dihydropyrano [4,3 ,2-de] quinolin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(l -methyl- lH-imidazol-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (84) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid of Example 80 except using l-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)-lH-imidazole instead of 2- (tributylstannyl)pyridine, using a catalytic amount of lithium chloride in the first step, and the second step was run at room temperature over the weekend instead of at 45 °C overnight. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (m, 4H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 4.30 (s, 3H), 3.45 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₁ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 523.23; found: 523.12.

Example 85 : (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (85)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (85) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid of Example 80 except that l-methyl-4-(tributylstannyl)-lH-imidazole was used instead of 2- (tributylstannyl)pyridine, and a catalytic amount of lithium chloride was used in the first step as well as being heated for 25 minutes. The second step was run at room temperature over the weekend, followed by at 45 °C for four hours. Ή-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.64 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (s, 1H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.46 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 0.88 (s, 9H). LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₁ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 523.23; found: 523.28.

Example 86: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(l-methyl -lH- imidazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (86)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- ( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(l-met hyl-lH-imidazol-4 yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (86) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)ace tic acid of Example 79 except that l-methyl-4-(tributylstannyl)-l H-imidazole was used instead of 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine, a catalytic amount of lithium chloride was used in the first step, as well as being heated for 25 minutes instead of 20 minutes. In the final step the reaction was stirred for 4 hours.

Ή-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.34 (s, IH), 8.04 (s, IH), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.55 (m, 5H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 5.16 (s, IH), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₆ H ₂₇ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 464.17; found: 464.48.

Example 87: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyrimidi n-5- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid: (87)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl

-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(pyrim idin-5-yl)quinolin- 6-yl)acetic acid (87) was prepared following the procedure used for (S)-2-tert-butoxy- 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(lH-pyrazol-5-yl)quinolin-6 -yl)acetic acid of Example 70 except that pyrimidin-5-ylboronic acid was used instead of lH-pyrazol-5- ylboronic acid. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.52 (br s, 2H), 9.26 (s, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.90 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, IH), 7.83 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, IH), 7.60 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 5.27 (s, IH), 2.65 9s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₆ H ₂₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 462.15; found: 462.45. Example 88: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridazin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (88).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (pyridazin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridazin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (88) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 80 except that 4- (tributylstannyl)pyridazine was used instead of 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine. The first step was run with a catalytic amount of lithium chloride, and the last step required an additional 1 mL of 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ and three drops of water for completion. 1H- NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.80 (br s, 1H), 9.24 (br s, 1H), 8.67 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.64 (m, 2H), 3.52 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₂₉ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 521.21 ; found: 521.18.

Example 89: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- benzo[b] [1 ,4]oxazin-6-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (89)

(S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5-chloro- ^BS

3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[0][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-

2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (S)-2-ter£-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5- chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- benzo[b][1 ,4]oxazin-6-yl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- benzo[b][l,4]oxazin-6-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (50 mg, 0.126 mmol) and 5-chloro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,4 -dihydro-2H- benzo[b][l,4]oxazine (74 mg, 0.252 mmol) in l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was added 2 M potassium carbonate (0.252 mL, 0.504 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (15 mg, 0.013 mmol) and the reaction was degassed with argon for 5 minutes. The reaction was heated to 1 10 °C for 30 minutes in a microwave reactor. The crude reaction was absorbed onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (44 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₃₂ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 483.20; found: 483.93.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- benzo[b][l ,4]oxazin-6-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (89): To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][l,4 ]oxazin-6-yl)- 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (44 mg, 0.092 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran: ethanol: water (2:2: 1, 3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (11 mg, 0.459 mmol) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The crude material was purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 10-48% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a yellow powder (3.8 mg). 'H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J - 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (s, 1H), 4.27 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₄ : 455.17; found: 455.51. Example 90: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7-methyl quinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (90)

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- (S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7- chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- cUorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin -6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (200 mg, 0.33 mmol) and iron (III) acetylacetonate (6 mg, 0.017 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran / l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (5 mL/ 0.5 mL) at 0 °C was added 2.9 M in tetrahydrofuran isopropylmagnesium bromide (0.149 mL, 0.431 mmol) drop wise. The reaction was let warm to room temperature over three hours, quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated. The crude reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (77 mg). LCMS-ESI* (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₉ ClNO ₃ : 496.25; found: 496.83.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (77 mg, 0.156 mmol) in

tetrahydrofuran/methanol (2: 1, 1 mL) was added 1 M sodium hydroxide (2 mL) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine. The organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated, followed by co- evaporation with acetonitrile to give a clear oil (62 mg). LCMS-ESI* (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₃₁ C1N0 ₂ : 412.20; found: 412.96.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (90): To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (62 mg, 0.149 mmol) in wet acetonitrile at 0 °C was added 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ (2.24 mL, 0.897 mmol) drop wise and stirred at 0 °C for 3 hours. Reaction was quenched with 2 M NaH ₂ P0 ₄ 2H ₂ 0 and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15-56% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product lyophilized to give a white powder (38 mg).

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (m, 4H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 3,57 (dq, J = 6.8, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.42 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₃ : 426.18; found: 426.78.

Example 91 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl) -7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (91)

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1- chlorophenyl)-2-(1 H-imidazol- yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol 1 -yl)-7-methy lquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(l H-imidazol- 1 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinoli n-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (compound of Example 26) (200 mg, 0.332 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane was added imidazole (226 mg, 3.32 mmol) and the reaction was sealed and heated to 95 °C overnight. The crude reaction mixture was absorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (33.2 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₅ ClN ₃ O ₃ : 520.23; found:520.35.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(l H-imidazol- 1 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-(l H-imidazol- l-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (39.2 mg, 0.075 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran and methanol (5: 1 , 1 mL) was added 1 M sodium hydroxide (2 mL) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The crude extract was co-evaporated two times with acetonitrile to give a clear white oil (32.1 mg). LCMS- ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₇ C1N ₃ 0 ₂ : 436.17; found:436.86.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl) -7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (91): To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)eth anol (32.1 mg, 0.074 mmol) in wet acetonitrile at 0 °C was added 0.4 M Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ (1.1 mL, 0.442 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 0 °C for three hours. The reaction was quenched with 1 M NaH ₂ P0 ₄ 2H ₂ 0 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was

concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 10-55% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product lyophilized to give a white amorphous powder (1 1.1 mg). 1H-N R: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m, 4H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₅ C1N ₃ 0 ₃ : 450.15; found: 450.59.

Example 92: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (92).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 2-(isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (92) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-imidazol-l- yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 91 except that (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 -

(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate was used instead of (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-cMorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfo nyloxy)quinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate and N,2-dimethylpropan-l -amine was used instead of imidazole. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.65 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 4.57 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 0.93 (m, 6H), 0.86 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₂ H ₃₈ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 528.28; found: 528.34.

Example 93 : (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (ethyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (93).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- (ethyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- (ethyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (93) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)-2-(isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 92 except that N-ethyl-N-methylamine was used instead of N,2-dimethylpropan- 1 -amine. 1H- NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.64 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 4.57 (m, 2H), 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₄ N ₃ O ₄ : 500.25; found: 500.32. Example 94: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (94).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (94) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid in of Example 92 except that pyrrolidine was used instead of N,2-dimethylpropan-l -amine. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.64 (d, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.1 1 (s, 1H), 4.57 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.09 (m, 4H), 0.85 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₄ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 512.25; found: 512.18.

Example 95: (S)-2-((R)-2-(azetidin-l-yl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]q uinolin-7-yl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (95).

(S)-2-((R)-2-(azetidin-l-yl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]q uinolin-7-yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid

(S)-2-((R)-2-(Azetidin-l -yl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (95) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 92 except that azetidine was used instead of N,2-dimethylpropan-l -amine.

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.63 (d, (J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.56 (m, 2H), 4.40 (m, 4H), 3.39 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.51 (p, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 0.85 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for

C ₃₀ H ₃₂ N ₃ O ₄ : 498.23; found: 498.14.

Example 96: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (dimethylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (96)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (dimethylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2- (dimethylamino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (96) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 92 except that dimethylamine was used instead of N,2-dimethylpropan-l -amine.

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 4.57 (m, 2H), 3.39 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (s, 6H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 0.86 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₃₂ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 486.23; found: 486.25. Example 97: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (97)

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (97): Compound 97 was isolated as a side product of the synthesis of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)-7 -methylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (compound 98 of Example 98). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.69 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 4.59 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 0.87 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z):

[M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₇ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 459.51 ; found: 459.20.

Example 98: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (lH-imidazol-l -yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (98).

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-2-(lH-imidazol-

1 -yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2-(lH- imidazol-1 -yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (98) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-2- (isobutyl(methyl)amino)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 92 except that imidazole was used instead of N,2-dimethylpropan-l -amine and the last step had an additional 6 equivalents of 0.4 Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ added 2 hours into the reaction and was then stirred an additional 3 hours. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 9.16 (s, 1H), 8.63 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 14.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.42 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.59 (m, 2H), 3.43 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃ oH ₂₉ N ₄ 0 ₄ : 509.21 ; found: 509.14.

Example 99: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropy rano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (99).

(

(S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-formyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-feri- (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2- butoxyacetate (difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-ferf-butoxyacetate

2,3-d

c/e]q

acid, HCI salt

Pd (PPh ₃ ) ₄ (S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-2-

K ₂ C0 ₃ (difluoromethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-

DME de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)acetate

99

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(difluoromethyl)- 5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-cte]quinolin-7- yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-5-bromo-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,7- dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (500 mg, 1.27 mmol) in

dichloromethane (13 mL) at 0 °C was added 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (269 mg, 77%, 1.21 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature over 3 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water and the organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes and methanol/ethyl acetate) to give a yellow oil (497 mg, 95%). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M] ⁺ calcd for C ₁₉ H ₂₄ BrN0 ₄ : 410.3; found: 410.8.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)- 2-tert-butoxyacetate: A solution of S)-5-bromo-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)- 2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (497 mg, 1.21 mmol) in acetic acid (12 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 15 minutes. To the solution was added acetic anhydride (1.37 mL, 14.5 mmol) and the resulting solution was heated at 1 10 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 50 °C and methanol (6 mL) was added and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The resultant oil was taken up in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) to which was added 6 M potassium hydroxide (20 mL) and stirred for 1 hour. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (366 mg, 74%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₁₉ H ₂₅ BrN0 ₄ : 41 1.3; found: 410.7. Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-formyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (200 mg, 0.49 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (13 mL) at 0 °C was added Dess-Martin periodinane (248 mg, 0.58 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Reaction mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water and organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a white solid (160 mg, 80%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₁₉ H23Br 0 ₄ :

408.07; found: 408.88, 410.14

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-

2-tert-butoxyacetate: To a solution of Fluolead (392 mg, 1.57 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-formyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (160 mg, 0.39 mmol) as a solution in anhydrous dichloromethane (2 mL) and the reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (10 mL), stirred 1 hour, and then partitioned between

dichloromethane and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide and organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a white solid (137 mg, 81%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₁₉ H ₂₃ BrN0 ₄ :

430.08; found: 430.61 , 431.85.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate (70 mg, 0.16 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL) was added 2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-ylboronic acid, HC1 salt (82 mg, 0.325 mmol), 2 M potassium carbonate (0.326 mL, 0.65 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (19 mg, 0.016 mmol). The reaction mixture was sparged with argon for 5 minutes and then heated in microwave at 100 °C for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was absorbed onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a brown film (35 mg, 41%). LCMS-ES (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₁ F ₂ N ₂ O ₄ : 521.22; found: 521.20. Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetic acid (99): To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetate (35 mg, 0.07 mmol) in 1 : 1 tetrahydrofuran and ethanol (2.4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (8 mg, 0.34 mmol) in 0.6 mL of water. The reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15 to 55% ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a yellow powder (15.9 mg). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) 6: 8.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (t, J _H-F = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.49 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C2 ₈ H ₂₇ F ₂ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 493.19; found: 493.12.

Example 100: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-7 - methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (100)

(S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-formyl-7- -6-yl)acetate

c

me yquno n- -y aceae

(S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)- 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (500 mg,. 1.27 mmol) and 4- chlorophenylboronic acid (238 mg, 1.52 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (8 mL) was added Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (147 mg, 0.13 mmol) and 2 M potassium carbonate (1.91 mL). The reaction was degassed for 15 minutes with argon and then heated to 110 °C for 20 minutes in a microwave reactor. The crude reaction was absorbed onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate hexanes) to give a pink foam (489 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₃ : 426.18; found: 426.75.

Preparation of (S)-6-(l -tert-butoxy-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate (489 mg, 1.15 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane at 0 °C was added 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (243 mg, 77%, 1.09 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for 3 h. The crude reaction was absorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes, methanol/ethyl acetate) to give a white foam (261 mg). LCMS-ESI (m/z): [M+Hf calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₄ : 442.17; found: 442.88.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: A solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethylquinoline 1 -oxide (261 mg, 0.59 mmol) in acetic acid (6 mL) was heated to 80 °C for 15 minutes. To the solution was added acetic anhydride (0.67 mL, 7.09 mmol) and the resulting solution was heated at 110 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 50 °C and 3 mL of methanol was added and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The resultant oil was taken up in tetrahydrofuran and 6 M potassium hydroxide was added to adjust to pH 12 and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated. The product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a clear oil (213 mg).

LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₉ C1N0 ₄ : 442.17; found: 442.69.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-formyl-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetat e (160 mg, 0.36 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane at 0 °C was added Dess-Martin periodinane (184 mg, 0.43 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 0 °C. The reaction was quenched with water, extracted with dichloromethane and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a clear oil (139 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₇ C1N0 ₄ : 440.16; found: 440.55.

Preparation of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert- butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-formyl-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetate (139 mg, 0.32 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (3 mL) at 0 °C was added Fluolead (174 mg, 0.695 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for ½ hour at 0 °C and then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide and stirred for 1 hour. The crude product was extracted with

dichloromethane, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a clear oil (1 1 1 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₂₇ C1F ₂ N0 ₃ : 462.16; found: 462.54.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-7 - methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (100): To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)aceta te (1 1 1 mg, 0.24 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran:ethanol:water (2:2: 1, 3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (29 mg, 1.2 mmol) and the reaction was heated to 45 °C overnight. The crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 20-29% ACN H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a white powder (77.5 mg).

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (m, 4H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J _H-F = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H). ¹⁹ F-NMR: 377 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: -116.71 (dd, J = 62.02, 55.42 Hz).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₃ C1F ₂ N0 ₃ : 434.88; found: 434.47.

Example 101 : (S)-2-(l-(2-(((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)ethyl)- 5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid

(101).

(S)-6-(1-feri-butoxy-2- hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- (S)-6-(1 -terf-butoxy-2-(ferf- 7-methylquinolin-2(1 H)-one butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-5- 8K (4-chlorophenyl)-7- methylquinolin-2(1 H)-one

oxoqu no n- -y et y car a thylcarbamate

(S)-2-(1 -(2-(((9H-fluoren-9- yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7- methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-ferf- butoxyacetic acid

2-bromoethanamine

hydrobromide 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate

Preparation of (S)-6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-5 -(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one: To a solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquinolin-2(lH)-one (8K) (0.5175 g, 1.34 mmol) in DMF (5.0 mL), was added imidazole (0.204 g, 4.02 mmol), followed by tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.243 g, 1.61 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature overnight. Additional imidazole (0.2 g) and tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.30 g) were added and the mixture stirred for another 2 hours. The reaction mixture was the diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 5% lithium chloride solution (2x), brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 60% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow foam (0.500 g). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₉ ClN0 ₃ Si: 501.1; found: 500.3, 502.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-(6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-5 -(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxoquinolin- 1 (2H)- yl)ethylcarbamate: To a solution of (S)-6-(l-tert-butoxy-2-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methylquin olin-2(lH)-one (0.4061 g, 0.812 mmol) in DMF (8.0 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (0.137 g, 1.22 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. A solution of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2- bromoethylcarbamate (0.327 g, 1.22 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C, potassium tert-butoxide (0.200 g) was added and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. A solution of 2- (trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (0.5 g) in DMF (1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature overnight. Reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithium chloride solution (2x), brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 10 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give desired product a yellow foam (0.2725 g). Some O-alkylation side-product was also observed.

LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C36H56CIN2O5S12: 688.5; found: 687.1, 689.1.

Preparation of (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 2-(6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-l(2H )-yl)ethylcarbamate: To a solution of (S)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-(6-( 1 -tert-butoxy-2-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-o xoquinolin-l(2H)- yl)ethylcarbamate (0.456 g, 0.663 mmol) in THF (6.6 mL) at 0 °C was added 1 M TBAF in THF (1.99 mL, 1.99 mmol) and reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature overnight. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C, additional 1 M TBAF in THF (1.0 mL, 1.0 mmol) was added and warmed to room temperature over 8 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (1.0 mL) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (0.257 g, 0.995 mmol) were added. Reaction mixture was vigorously stirred overnight at room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 30 to 70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a white foam (0.389 g). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for ⁶⁵²² _> ' ^FOUND: 651.2, 652.2, 653.2.

Preparation of (S)-2-(l -(2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)ethyl)-5- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (101): To a solution of (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 2-(6-(l-tert-butoxy-2- hydroxyethyl)-5-(4-cMorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-l(2H) -yl)ethylcarbamate (0.3443 g, 0.529 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (0.449 g, 1.06 mmol). Reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1.5 hours, quenched with sodium thiosulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and used in next step without further purification. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₉ H ₃₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₅ : 650.2; found: 649.1, 650.1.

To a solution of the above residue in acetonitrile (5.0 mL) and 1 M NaH ₂ P0 ₄ buffer (5.0 mL) was added 80% sodium chlorite (0.44 g, 1.587 mmol). Reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours, diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The pH was adjusted to ~pH 5 with 1 N HC1 solution and organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 10% methanol/dichloromethane) to give a yellow powder (0.1943 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD) δ 7.78 (d, J - 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 10 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 4.49 (dd, J = 8.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.36-4.28 (m, 2 H), 4.15 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H).

LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₉ H ₃₈ C1N ₂ 0 ₆ : 666.2; found: 665.1, 666.1. Preparation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate:

Trimethylsilylethyl chloroformate was prepared according to Sekine et al, Lett. Org. Chem. 2004, 1, 179-182. To a mixture of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (1.0 g, 4.88 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, followed by crude trimethylsilylethyl chloroformate (8.8 g, 14.64 mmol). Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, concentrated and portioned between ethyl acetate and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x) and combined organic layer was dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a colorless oil (1.321 g).

1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ C1) δ: 4.14 (dd, J = 8.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.74-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.55 (dd, J = 5.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (dd, J = 5.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 0.99-0.92 (m, 2H), -0.008 (s, 9H). Example 102: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl )-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (102A) and (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acet ic acid (102B).

102A 102B

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7- 2,7-dimet ylquinolin-6-yl)acetic dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid acid

Preparation of (2S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7- yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetate: In a 5-10 mL microwave vial, (S)-ethyl 2-(5- bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (5H) (82.4 mg, 0.21 mmol) was dissolved in 4.0 mL of DMA. To this was added 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chrornen-7- yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (110 mg, 0.37 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (24.2 mg, 0.021 mmol) and 225 of 2 M K ₂ C0 ₃ , the reaction vessel sealed and heated thermally at 80 °C for 4 hours. The mixture was diluted 400 % with EtOAc, washed with 5% LiCl (4 x 8 mL), saturated NH4CI and brine. After drying with sodium sulfate, the extracts were concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed on silica gel using

EtOAc in Heptane to give rise to desired product (42.4 mg, 0.088 mmol). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₄ N0 ₄ : 483.6; Found: 484.47, 485.49.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl )- 2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (102A) and (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acet ic acid (102B): To a 3:1 :1 (v/v/v) THF-MeOH-H ₂ 0 solution (10 n L) of (2S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acet ate (42.4 mg, 0.088 mmol) was added LiOH (170 mg, 4.05 mmol) and the reaction allowed to stir overnight at 23 °C. Hydrolysis was incomplete, so NaOH (-200 mg) was added and the mixture stirred an additional 90 min at 23 °C. The reaction was diluted 400% with EtOAc, washed with brine and dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo followed by PREP HPLC purification gave rise to two atropisomer mixtures.

The first eluting atropisomer mixture was found to be 95:5 (ratio determined by NMPv) mixture of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl )-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (102A) as the major constituent and (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7-dimet hylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid as the impurity. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD): δ: 8.02 (s, 1H); 7.94 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H); 7.56 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.31 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H); 70.07 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.02 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 5.20 (s, 1H); 4.55-4.48 (m, 2H); 2.92 (s, 3H); 2.86 (s, 3H); 1.04 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂ 9H ₃₀ NO ₄ : 456.5; Found: 456.44.

The other atropisomer, (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((S)-5-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl)-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acet ic acid (102B), eluted later and was obtained as a 2.61 : 1 (ratio determined by NMR) mixture as the major constituent with (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[de]chromen-7-yl )-2,7- dimethylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid as the impurity. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD): δ: 7.99 (s, 1H); 7.89 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.52 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.24-7.20 (m, 2H); 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H); 6.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H); 5.32 (s, 1H); 4.53- 4.51 (m, 2H); 2.91 (2, 3H); 2.82 (s, 3H); 0.73 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₉ H ₃₀ NO ₄ : 456.5; Found: 456.44.

Example 103 : (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(2,7-dimethyl-5-(3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H- [1 ,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-8-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (103)

5-bromoquinolin-8-ol 3-chloropropanoic acid 5-bromo-1-(2- chloroethyl)-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol

[

j]quinoline

8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-

2/-/-[1 ,4]oxazino[2,3,4-y]quinoline

(2S)-ethyl 2-ferf-butoxy-2-(2J- 103

dimethyl-5-(3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H- [1 ,4]oxazino[2,3,4-j]quinolin-8- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate (2S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-(2J-dimethyl- 5-(3,5,6J-tetrahydro-2H- [1 ,4]oxazino[2,3,4-jf]quinolin-8- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of 5-bromo-l-(2-chloroethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol: In a round bottom flask, 3-chloropropanoic acid (8.44 g, 89.3 mmol, 20 eq.) was added to 5- bromoquinolin-8-ol (1 g, 4.46 mmol, 1 eq.) in 15 mL THF at 0 °C. NaB¾ (759 mg, 20 mmol, 4.5 eq.) was added portionwise in 50 minutes at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes then heated to 80 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled down. Reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated to give 5-bromo-l-(2-chloroethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol crude. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C _n Hi ₄ BrClNO: 291.58; found: 292.0.

Preparation of 8-bromo-3,5,6,7-te1rahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin e: The above reaction crude was dissolved in 20 mL MeOH. 50 mL 2 N NaOH aqueous solution was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to 8-bromo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4- ij]quinoline as a pale solid (374 mg, 33%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C _n H ₁₃ BrNO: 255.12; found: 255.41.

Preparation of 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,5,6,7- tetrahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline: In a round bottom flask was charged with 8-bromo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[l ,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline (104 mg, 0.409 mmol, 1 eq.), 4,4,4 ^, ,4',5,5,5 ^, ,5 ^, -octamethyl-2,2'-bi(l,3,2-dioxaborolane) (208 mg, 0.818 mmol, 2 eq.), Pd(dppf)Cl ₂ (33 mg, 10%) and KOAc (201 mg, 5 eq.) in 3 mL dioxane. The reaction was heated at 80 °C under Ar overnight. The reaction was cooled down and diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2 ,3,4-ij]quinoline as a pale solid (146 mg, 100%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₁₇ H ₂₅ BN0 ₃ : 302.19; found: 302.2.

Preparation of (2S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(2,7-dimethyl-5-(3,5,6,7-tetrahydro- 2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-8-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate : A Smith process vial was charged with (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2,7-dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate (52 mg, 0.133 mmol, 1 eq.), 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,5,6,7- tetrahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline (48 mg, 0.159 mmol.), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (15 mg, 10%) and flushed with nitrogen. Dimethoxyethane (1.6 mL) and 2 M K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.24 mL, 0.48 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated in oil bath at 80°C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine, dried

(MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give (2S)-ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(2,7-dimethyl-5- (3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-8-yl)q uinolin-6-yl)acetate as atropisomer mixture (39 mg, 60%). LCMS-ESI ⁺ : calcd for C ₃₀ H ₃₇ N ₂ O ₄ : 489.52 (M+H ⁺ ); Found: 489.3.

Preparation of (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(2,7-dimethyl-5-(3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H- [l,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-8-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (103): A solution of (2S)- ethyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(2,7-dimethyl-5-(3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-[l,4] oxazino[2,3,4- ij]quinolin-8-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate (39 mg) and 2 M sodium hydroxide (0.8 mL) in tetrahydrofuran (0.5 mL) and ethanol (2 mL) was heated at 60 °C for 8 hours. Reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine. The aqueous layer was back-extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layer was dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100%

ACN/H ₂ 0 + 0.1% TFA). Product lyophilized to give an orange color powder (18 mg). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD): δ 8.31, 8.20 (d,d, 1H), 7.92, 7.88 (s, s, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 1H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 6.42 (m, 1H), 5.42, 5.37 (s, s, 1H), 4.37 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.81, 2.78 (s, s, 3H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.17, 1.04 (s, s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ : calcd for C ₂₈ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 461.56 (M+H ⁺ ); Found: 461.3.

Example 104: Compounds 104 and 105

Compounds 104 and 105 were prepared by similar methods as shown in the above Examples.

Example 105: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-(3-methylpyridi -2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (106)

106

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(3- methylpyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (106) was prepared following the procedure for (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7- yl)-7-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 80 except that 2- (dibutyl(pentyl)stannyl)-3-methylpyridine and a catalytic amount of copper iodide was added to the first reaction. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 3H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 4.62-4.56 (m, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₂ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 534.23; found: 534.27. Example 106: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (107)

107

(S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(4- methylpyridin-3 -yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qu inolin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (107) was prepared similarly to (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- (3-methylpyridin-2-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid of Example 105 using 3- (dibutyl(pentyl)stannyl)-4-methylpyridine instead of 2-(dibutyl(pentyl)stannyl)-3 - methylpyridine. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.64-8.60 (m, 2H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 4.63-4.59 (m, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 9H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₃ H ₃₂ N ₃ 0 ₄ : 534.23; found: 534.34.

Example 107: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methyl-5-(spiro[2. 5]oct-5-en- 6-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (108)

(S)-2-(5-bromo-2- (hydroxymethyl)-7- (S)-methyl 2-(5-bromo-2- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-terf- (hydroxymethyl)-7- butoxyacetic acid methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-feri- butoxyacetate

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-(2- (difluoromethyl)-7-methyl-5-

(spiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6- yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxyacetic acid: (S)-2-(5-Bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2- tert-butoxyacetic acid was isolated as a side product of the reaction forming (S)-ethyl 2- (5-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-bu toxyacetate from

Example 99. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd C ₁₇ H ₂₁ BrN0 ₄ : 382.06; found: 382.72. Preparation of (S)-methyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate: To a solution of (S)-2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (3.6 g, 9.4 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane and methanol (1 : 1, 20 mL) was added (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (2 M in hexanes, 5.17 mL, 10.34 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for three hours. An additional 2 mL of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane was added and stirred for 2 hours, followed by an additional ImL of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane for 1 hour, then 1 mL of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane added and let go overnight. An additional 3.5 mL of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane were added and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with 30 mL of acetic acid and then stirred 15 minutes. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and then absorbed onto silica. The crude reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a yellow foam (2.37 g). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd C ₁₈ H ₂₃ BrN0 ₄ : 396.07; found: 396.71.

Preparation of (S)-methyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate: Prepared similarly to (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2- (difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetate of Example 99 using (S)- methyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-b utoxyacetate instead of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert- butoxyacetate. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd Ci ₈ H ₂₁ BrF ₂ N0 ₃ : 416.06; found:

416.75.

Preparation of (S)-methyl 2-tert-butoxy-2-(2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methyl-5- (spiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetate: To a solution of (S)-methyl 2-(5-bromo- 2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyaceta te (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran and water (1 mL and 0.1 mL) was added 4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-2- (spiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-yl)-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (42 mg, 0.18 mmol), potassium phosphate (84 mg, 0.36 mmol) and (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-l ,l '- biphenyl)[2-(2-aminoethylphenyl)]palladium(II) chloride methyl-t-butyl ether adduct, (SPhos) palladium(II) phenethylamine chloride (8.1 mg, 0.012 mmol). The reaction was heated in a microwave reactor at 1 10 °C for 30 minutes and then absorbed onto silica. The crude reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a clear white oil (44.7 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd C ₂₆ H ₃₂ F ₂ N0 ₃ : 444.23; found: 444.54.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(2-(difluoromethyl)-7-methyl-5- (spiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (108): To a solution of (S)-methyl 2- tert-butoxy-2-(2-(difiuoromethyl)-7-methyl-5-(spiro[2.5]oct- 5-en-6-yl)quinolin-6- yl)acetate (44.7 mg, 0.101 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran:methanol:water (2:2: 1, 2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (12 mg, 0.504 mmol) and the reaction was heated to 50 °C overnight. The reaction was diluted with acetonitrile and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15 to 95 ACN/¾0 + 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a white powder (29.2 mg). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.49 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J _H-F = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 5.93 (s, 1H), 5.68 (s, 1H), 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.46 (m, 1H),. 2.28-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.23 (s, 9H), 0.54-0.40 (m, 4H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₂₅ H ₃₀ F ₂ NO ₃ : 430.21 ; found: 430.32.

Example 108: (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetic acid (109).

methylqu no n- -yl ethyl piva ate

(S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-2- (S)-2-feri-butoxy-2-((R)-2- (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-c/e]quinolin-7-yl)- yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yi)ethanol 7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5 -(2,3 - dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) ethyl pivalate: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)-7- methyl-2-oxo-l ,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (100 mg, 0.189 mmol) and silver carbonate (156 mg, 0.567 mmol) in benzenerdichloroethane (1 : 1, 1 mL) was added (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (0.037 mL, 0.38 mmol) and the reaction was heated at 45 °C overnight. The crude reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a brown oil (65.8 mg). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₆ H4 ₃ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 583.31 ; found: 583.67.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) ethanol: To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3-dihyd ropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (65.8 mg, 0.1 13 mmol) in tetrahydrofuranrmethanol (5: 1, 3 mL) was added 1 M sodium hydroxide (3 mL) and the reaction was heated at 45 °C overnight. The reaction was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solution was concentrated and then co-evaporated 2 times with acetonitrile to give a brown oil (55 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 499.25; found: 499.54.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) acetic acid (109): To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) ethanol (55 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) in wet acetonitrile (2 mL) was added Cr0 ₃ /H ₅ I0 ₆ (0.4 M, 1.65 mL, 0.662 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred for 3 hours and then diluted with methanol. The crude material was purified by reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15 to 65% ACN/H ₂ 0 = 0.1% TFA) and the desired product was lyophilized to give a yellow powder (18.1 mg). 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD ₃ CN) δ: 8.58 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.64-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.28 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.33-1.28 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.60-0.57 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.37 (m, 2H). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calcd for C ₃₁ H ₃₃ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 513.23; found: 513.31.

Example 109: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (110)

(S)-2-(5-bromo-7-methyl-2- (S)-2-ieri-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-2-terf- dihydropyrano

butoxyethyl pivalate [4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-

(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano

[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2- rifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol

110

(S)-2-ierf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano

[4 , 3 ,2-de]quinoli n-7-yl)-7-methy I-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 -

(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (72 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate (7H) of example 7J except using 2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-ylboronic acid hydrochloride instead of 4- chlorophenylboronic acid. LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₃₃ H ₃₆ F ₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 581.2; Found: 581.1.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifl uoromethyl)quinolin-6- yl)ethanol (60 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-y l)ethanol (71) of example 7J except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-y l)ethyl pivalate (7H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₂₈ H ₂₈ F ₃ N ₂ 0 ₃ : 497.2; Found: 497.0.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (110): (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2- ((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2 - (trifiuoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (7J) of example 7J except using (S)-2-tert- butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)etha nol (71). 'H-NMR 400 MHz, (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.70 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.28 (s, 1 H), 4.74 (m, 2 H), 3.66 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2 H), 2.88 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₂₈ H ₂₆ F ₃ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 511.20; Found: 511.10.

Example 110: (S)-2-((R)-2-Acetyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (111)

(S)-2-te/-f-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydro

pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- (S)-2-ferf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydro methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2

quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate -(1-ethoxyvinyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) ethyl pivalate

(S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydro

pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2- (1-ethoxyvinyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol

1 -((R)-6-((S)-1 -ieri-butoxy-2- (S)-2-((R)-2-acetyl-5-(2,3-dihydro hydroxyethyl)-5-(2,3- pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl) methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-ieri- -7-methylquinolin-2-yl)ethanone butoxyacetic acid Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-

7-yl)-2-(l -ethoxyvinyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)- 5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(l-ethoxyviny l)-7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethyl pivalate (46 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as 5-bromo-7-methyl-6- vinylquinoline (8E) of example 8L except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluorom ethylsulfonyloxy) quinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate and tributyl(l-ethoxyvinyl)stannane instead of 5-bromo-7- methylquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (8D) and tributyl(vinyl)stannane.

LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₃₆ H4 ₃ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 583.30; Found: 583.30.

Preparation of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin- 7-yl)-2-(l -ethoxyvinyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol: (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((R)-5- (2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(l-ethoxyvinyl) -7-methylquinolin-6- yl)ethanol (16 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-y l)ethanol (71) of example 7J except using (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quino lin-7-yl)- 2-(l-ethoxyvinyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)ethyl pivalate instead of (S)-2-tert-butoxy-2- (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-y l)ethyl pivalate (7H). LCMS-ESI ⁺ m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₃₁ H ₃₅ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 499.31 ; Found: 499.30.

Preparation of 1 -((R)-6-((S)- 1 -tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5 -(2,3 - dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-2-yl) ethanone: (S)-2-tert- Butoxy-2-((R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2 -(l-ethoxyvinyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)ethanol (16 mg) was dissolved in acetone (1.6 ml), and aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 N, 0.16 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours, and diluted with dichloromethane. The organic solution was wshed with water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification with flash cloumn chromatography (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc) gave l-((R)-6-((S)-l -tert-butoxy-2- hydroxyethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7 -methylquinolin-2- yl)ethanone (15 mg). LCMS-ESf (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₂₉ H ₃₁ N ₂ 0 ₄ : 471.2; Found: 471.1.

Preparation of (S)-2-((R)-2-acetyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 - yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (111): (S)-2-((R)-2-Acetyl-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl) -2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (7.2 mg) was prepared in a similar manner as compound (S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-(5-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-6-yl)acet ic acid (7 J) of example 7J except using l-((R)-6-((S)-l-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-7-methylquinolin-2-yl) ethanone instead of (S)- 2-tert-butoxy-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromet hyl)quinolin-6-yl)ethanol (71). 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.69 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.29 (s, 1 H), 7.89-7.79 (m, 3 H), 7.53 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.28 (s, 1 H), 4.70 (m, 2 H), 3.66 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2 H), 2.86 (s, 3 H), 2.82 (s, 3 H), 0.95 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₂₉ H ₂₉ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 485.2; Found: 485.1 ; LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M- H calc'd for C ₂₉ H ₂₇ N ₂ 0 ₅ : 483.2; Found: 483.2.

Example 1 1 1 : (2S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((5R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]qui nolin-7- yl)-2-(l-hydroxyethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid (112)

(S)-2-(( ?)-2-acetyl-5-(2,3-dihydro (2S)-2-terf-butoxy-2-((5R)-5- pyrano[4,3,2-cfe]quinolin-7-yl)-7- (2,3-dihydro

methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-terf- pyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2- butoxyacetic acid (1-hydroxyethyl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)acetic acid

Preparation of (2S)-2-tert-Butoxy-2-((5R)-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2- de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(l-hydroxyethyl)-7-methylquinolin-6-yl)a cetic acid (112): To the solution of (S)-2-((R)-2-acetyl-5-(2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7 -yl)-7- methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-tert-butoxyacetic acid (4.4 mg) im methanol (0.2 ml) at 0 °C was added sodium borohydride (1 mg). The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred for one hour. The mixture was quenched with water, and methanol was removed under reduced pressure. Filtration and purification by reverse phase HPLC

(0.1 %TFA/CH ₃ CN-0.1 %TFA/H20) gave (2S)-2-tert-butoxy-2-((5R)-5-(2,3- dihydropyrano[4,3,2-de]quinolin-7-yl)-2-(l-hydroxyethyl)-7-m ethylquinolin-6- yl)acetic acid (112) (0.5 mg). 1H-NMR 400 MHz (CD ₃ OD) δ 8.64 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.90-7.87 (m, 1 H), 7.74 (m, 1 H), 7.66-7.60 (m, 2 H), 7.36-7.34 (m, 1 H), 5.26 (s, 1 H), 5.20 (m, 1 H), 4.66 (m, 2 H), 3.55 (m, 2 H), 2.89 (s, 3 H), 1.60 (m, 3 H), 0.92 (s, 9 H); LCMS-ESI ⁺ (m/z): [M+H] ⁺ calc'd for C ₂ 9H ₃₁ N205: 487.2; Found: 487.2.

Example 1 12. The following illustrate representative pharmaceutical dosage forms, containing a compound of formula I ('Compound X'), for therapeutic or prophylactic use in humans.

(i) Tablet 1 mg/tablet

Compound X= 100.0

Lactose 77.5

Povidone 15.0

Croscarmellose sodium 12.0

Microcrystalline cellulose 92.5

Magnesium stearate 3J)

300.0

(ii) Tablet 2 mg/tablet

Compound X= 20.0

Microcrystalline cellulose 410.0

Starch 50.0

Sodium starch glycolate 15.0

Magnesium stearate 5.0

500.0 (iii) Capsule mg/capsule

Compound X= 10.0

Colloidal silicon dioxide 1.5

Lactose 465.5

Pregelatinized starch 120.0

Magnesium stearate 3.0

600.0

(iv) Injection 1 (1 mg/mL) mg/mL

Compound X= (free acid form) 1.0

Dibasic sodium phosphate 12.0

Monobasic sodium phosphate 0.7

Sodium chloride 4.5

1.0 N Sodium hydroxide solution

(pH adjustment to 7.0-7.5) q.s.

Water for injection q.s. ad 1 mL (v) Injection 2 (10 mg/mL) mg/mL

Compound X= (free acid form) 10.0

Monobasic sodium phosphate 0.3

Dibasic sodium phosphate 1.1

Polyethylene glycol 400 200.0

01 N Sodium hydroxide solution

(pH adjustment to 7.0-7.5) q.s.

Water for injection q.s. ad 1 mL

(vi) Aerosol mg/can

Compound X= 20.0

Oleic acid 10.0

Trichloromonofluoromethane 5,000.0

Dichlorodifluoromethane 10,000.0

Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 5,000.0

The above formulations may be obtained by conventional procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art.

All publications, patents, and patent documents are incorporated by reference herein, as though individually incorporated by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.