Technical Field

This disclosure relates an access system and access device, and more in particular, a motor vehicle access device, system and method using cognitive radio (CR) methodology.

Background

Conventional passive safe entry access systems use short-range wireless communication signals or communication protocol between a key fob and a vehicle access system, such that a user may remotely lock and unlock a motor vehicle hands-free, without using mechanical keys to access the motor vehicle. It is known in the art, passive safe entry access system uses radio waves to achieve the aforesaid hands-free access, in particular the radio frequency channel, due to its low interference with other types of electromagnetic waves.

However, different countries operate in different radio spectrums. This means that key fobs must be manufactured with specific parameters, depending on country in which the motor vehicle is being offered for sale, to fulfil hands-free passive entry access systems. From a user's perspective, the use of different key fobs having set parameters for different region brings about disadvantages during road trips, when travelling between different regions, since different country or region has her own regulatory radio waves standards.

There is therefore a need to provide an access device, access system and access method that overcomes, or at least ameliorates, the problem ( s ) described above . Furthermore , the other desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims , taking in conj unction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the disclosure .

Summary

The obj ective of the disclosure is solved by an access device for use in accessing a motor vehicle comprising : o a first transceiver to o transmit and receive wireless radio signals within

• a first predefined frequency range ; and o at least a second transceiver to o transmit and receive wireless radio signals within

• at least a second predefined frequency range characteri zed in that : o the access device is operable to selectively operate in

• the first predefined frequency range ; or o the at least second predefined frequency range in response to o a positional coordinate of a motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure yields an access device which may be configured to operate in two or more regions , based upon country determined frequency range . This can be reali sed by determining a positional coordinate of a location of the motor vehicle , to trigger changing or setting of parameters according to a predefined frequency range governed by International Telecommunication Union ( ITU) . Therefore , the purpose of an access device usable in multiple regions or zones is achieved .

Preferred is an access device as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the positional coordinate defines a geographical location of the motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves the purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to travel between countries of di f ferent regulatory standards or communication protocol . By determining a positional coordinate defining a geographical location of the motor vehicle , the access device adapts to a predefined frequency range compliant with regulatory standards

Preferred is an access device as described above or as described above as being preferred, further comprising : o a controller operable to selectively operate o the first transceiver or o the at least second transceiver, in response to a veri fication by a control unit of the motor vehicle , the access device is authori zed to control locking and unlocking of a or the motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves location recognition of the motor vehicle and achieves a control unit to execute the correct parameters to set in the wireless user device , thus selectively operates according to the regulatory standards of the country of the location where the motor vehicle is in .

Preferred is an access device as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the controller operable to o selectively operate in

• the first predefined frequency range or

• the at least second predefined frequency range , o by deactivating o the first transceiver or o the at least second transceiver .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves the access device to select and switch between the at least two transceivers , to set the parameters to a predefined frequency range suitable for operating in speci fic region . Consequently, an access device for use in multiple regions , compliant with regulatory standards is achieved .

Preferred is an access device as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the controller is operable to o transmit and receive wireless signals upon a veri fication by the control unit of the motor vehicle that the access device is located within o a predefined zone of a or the motor vehicle . The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure allows changes or set the parameters of the access device according to geographical location of the motor vehicle when the access device is within a predefined zone from the motor vehicle having a compatible access system to veri fy the access device is authorised to lock and/or unlock the motor vehicle .

Preferred is an access device as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the controller is operable to o transmit a request for grant of access to a or the motor vehicle on the condition that :

• the first transceiver or

• the at least second transceiver is deactivated; and o access device is located within

• the predefined zone .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure sets a condition such that the access device is only authorised to request grant for access when the predefined frequency range for the geographical region the motor vehicle is at has been selected and it has been veri fied that the access device is authorised to request grant for access .

The obj ective of the disclosure is solved by an access system for use in accessing a motor vehicle comprising : an access device as defined in accordance to the above ; and a location determinator o for determining a positional coordinate defining a geographical position of a motor vehicle o and for transmitting a signal to the access device ; characteri zed in that : o the access device is operable to o selectively operate in

• a first predefined frequency range ; or

• at least a second predefined frequency range in response to the positional coordinate determined by the location determinator .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure yields an access system compatible with the access device as disclosed above . Therefore , the purpose of an access device usable in multiple regions or zones is achieved .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the positional coordinate comprises o a longitude of a geographical position of the motor vehicle and o a latitude of the geographical position of the motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure defines the positional coordinates of the motor vehicle according to a longitude coordinate and a latitude coordinate of a geographical position of the motor vehicle . Therefore , the system is able to recognise which country the positional coordinates corresponds to , so that the correct parameters which complies with regulatory stands of that particular region or country may be applied to the radio system .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the location determinator is located onboard the motor vehicle , o for receiving the positional coordinates from a navigation system .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves achieve the purpose of a multiple zone access system, by changing predefined parameters of the access system with regulatory standards , by receiving positional coordinates of the motor vehicle from a navigation system to determine geographical location of the motor vehicle .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : o the navigation system is selected from a group consisting of :

• global positioning system ( GPS ) ;

• global navigation satellite system (GLONASS ) ;

• BeiDou system (BDS ) ;

• Galileo navigation satellite system (GNSS ) ;

• Navigation Indian Constellation (NavIC ) ; and

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System ( QZSS ) . The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves the feature of selectively operating between the at least two transceivers , to set the parameters to a predefined frequency range suitable for operating in speci fic region . Consequently, an access device for use in multiple regions , compliant with regulatory standards is achieved .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, further comprising : o a control unit operable to

• transmit the positional coordinate to

• the access device in response to a veri fication by the control unit of the motor vehicle that the access device is located within o a predefined zone of the motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves communication between the access system and the access device only when the access device is within a predefined zone from the control unit , upon veri fication that the access device is authorised to make such requests .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : the veri fication that the access device is located within the prede fined zone of the motor vehicle comprises o an exchange of wireless communication between

■ the control unit and the access device . The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure enables a polling process through an exchange o f wireless communication between a control unit onboard the motor vehicle and the access device to ensure the system and device are compatible and operational .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : the exchange of wireless communication comprises : o low frequency ( LF) signals ; o radio frequency (RF) signals ; o high frequency (HF) signals ; o ultra-high frequency (UHF) signals ; o signals for measurement of Time of Flight ( ToF) ; o signals for measurement of Angle of Flight (AoF) or any combination thereof .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure achieves di f ferent combinations of wireless signals which may be applicable for the polling process between the access system and the access device .

Preferred is an access system as described above or as described above as being preferred, in which : in response to the positional coordinate received, the access device is operable to selectively

• transmit a wireless radio signal in the first predefined frequency range ; or in the at least one second predefined frequency range o to a control unit for granting an access to the motor vehicle , o to request for grant of access to the motor vehicle .

The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure sets a condition such that the access system will only authorise a request grant for access after it has been veri fied that the access device is authorised and compatible to send such a request , and when the predefined frequency range for the geographical region the motor vehicle is located has been selected .

The obj ective of the disclosure is solved by a method of accessing a motor vehicle comprising : o Veri fying i f o an access device as defined according to any one of the features or an access device of an access system as described;

• is located within a predefined zone of the motor vehicle ; o determining, preferably by a location determinator of an access system according to any of the features described above , o a positional coordinate defining a geographical position of the motor vehicle ; and o selectively operating o the access device between

• a first predefined frequency range or

• at least a second predefined frequency range in response to the positional coordinate received by the access device . The advantage of the above described aspect of this disclosure yields a method o f accessing a motor vehicle using a wireless radio frequency to support an access system and an access device which may be configured to operate in two or more regions , based upon country determined frequency range , by determining a positional coordinate of a location of the motor vehicle . Therefore , the purpose of an acces s device usable in multiple regions or zones is achieved .

Brief Description of Drawings

Other obj ects and aspects of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :

Fig la . shows a schematic diagram of a multiple zone receiver in accordance to a preferred embodiment .

Fig . 2 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless network of an access system in accordance to a preferred embodiment .

Fig . 3a shows a flowchart for a method of accessing a motor vehicle in accordance to a preferred embodiment .

Fig . 3b shows a flowchart for a method of accessing a motor vehicle in accordance to a preferred embodiment .

In various embodiments described by reference to the above figures , like reference signs refer to like components in several perspective views and/or configurations . Description of Detailed Embodiment

The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure or the application and uses of the disclosure . Furthermore , there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the disclosure or the following detailed description . It is the intent of thi s disclosure to present a device , system and method of accessing a motor vehicle based upon a geographical location or country location of the motor vehicle , by selectively operating between at least two radio frequency channel , in compliance with a country' s regulatory standards .

Hereinafter, the term "wireless communication" refers to an exchange or trans fer of information among two or more nodes in a wireless communication network, without electrical connectors . The term "wireless communication signal" shall refer to at least one type of wireless radio signal or radio communication protocol . Suitable types of radio waves include radio frequency (RE) signal , low frequency ( LF) signal , wireless fidel ity (WiFi ) , Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE ) , Bluetooth, high frequency (HF) , ultra-wide band (UWB ) , ultra-high frequency (UHF) , radar, Time of Flight and Angle of Flight .

The term "predefined zone" shall refer to an area or stretch of land subj ected to a particular characteristic or purpose . For example , a "predefined zone" of a motor vehicle may refer to a distance or area surrounding a motor vehicle . In the context used herein, a "predefined zone" refers to an area surrounding the motor vehicle , which utilises a mode of wireless communication protocol for exchange of wireless communication signals between an access system and an access device . The term "onboard" refers to available or situated on a motor vehicle . In the context used herein, the term "onboard vehicle" may refer to an electronic component or device installed or mounted within a passenger cabin, available on a mobile communication device connected vehicle , connectivity module ( from satellite to vehicle ) .

In the context used herein, the term "receiver" refers to an electronic device for receiving wireless signals and the term "transmitter" refers to an electronic device for transmitting wireless signals . Therefore , ' a transceiver' shall refer to an electronic device having both the function of transmitting and receiving wireless signals . In certain embodiments disclosed herein, the term ' transceiver' may refer to a combination of at least a receiver and at least a transmitter to achieve the function of transmitting and receiving wireless signals . An example of a transceiver may be an antenna .

The term "transponder" refers to an electronic device receive and respond to wireless signals , in particular, radio frequency signals .

While the term "radio" refers to technology of signalling and communication using radio waves , the term "cognitive radio" refers to a radio which may be programmed to configure radio-system parameters .

The term "polling" refers to an active sampling process of a computer, a processor, a control device and the like , of which the active sampling process determines a status or readiness of the computer, processor or control device to response , by an external device . Referring to Fig . la which shows a schematic diagram of a multiple zone receiver 100a in accordance to a preferred embodiment , the multiple zone receiver 100a comprises a first transceiver 102 , which further includes a Type A antenna tuner 104 , a Type A receiver 106 and an antenna (A) 118 . The multiple zone receiver 100a further comprises at least a second transceiver 108 , which may include a Type B antenna tuner 110 and a Type B receiver 112 . The first transceiver 102 and the second transceiver 108 are in connected to a controller 114 , and a positional coordinate of a location as provided by a location determinator 116 , of which the positional coordinates consist of a longitude of a geographical position of the motor vehicle and a latitude of a geographical position of the motor vehicle for example a country or a region . Depending on the type of components used, it shall be apparent to a skilled practitioner, the components may be connected either by wires , e . g . printed circuit boards or optical fibres .

Preferably, Type A electronic components ( i . e . Type A antenna tuner 104 , Type A receiver 106 and antenna (A) 118 ) for the first transceiver 102 are operable within a first predefined frequency range , for example a first country or region, Region A, while Type B electronic components ( i . e . Type B antenna tuner 110 , Type B receiver 112 and antenna (B ) 120 ) for the second transceiver 108 are operable within a second predefined frequency range , for example a second country or region, Region B . Advantageously, the aforesaid configuration prepares the access system and access device to selectively operate or activate either Type A electronic components corresponding to a first predefined frequency range ( i . e . predefined frequency range in compliance with radio regulations of Region A) or Type B electronic components corresponding to a second predefined frequency range ( i . e . predefined frequency range in compliance with radio regulations of Region B ) , based upon a geographical location of the motor vehicle . Turning now to Fig lb. which shows a schematic diagram of a multiple zone transmitter in accordance to a preferred embodiment, the multiple zone transmitter comprises a first transceiver 102' , which includes Type B antenna tuner 104' , a Type A transmitter 124 and an antenna (A) 118' , and a second transceiver 108' , Type B antenna tuner 110' and a Type B transmitter 126 and an antenna

(B) 120' .

Similar to the configuration for multiple zone receiver 100a, it is preferred that the electronic components (i.e. Type A antenna tuner 104' , Type A receiver 106' and antenna (A) 118' ) for the first transceiver 102' are operable within a first predefined frequency range, for example a first country or region, i.e. Region A, while electronic components (i.e. Type B antenna tuner 110, Type B receiver 112 and antenna (B) 120) are operable within a second predefined frequency range, for example a second country or region, i.e. Region B. Advantageously, the aforesaid configuration enables the hardware modules of multiple zone receiver 110a and multiple zone transmitter 100b framework to change the parameters of the access system and the access device according to geographical location, i.e. to selectively operate in a predefined frequency range corresponding to the requirements of a regions or countries, according to ITU radio regulation standards. To be more precise, Type A electronic components is configured to work with the first predefined frequency range corresponding to a radio frequency bandwidth of 313MHz allocated for a specific country or geographical location, according to industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands defined by ITU Radio Regulations, while Type B electronic components is configured to work with the second predefined frequency range corresponding to a radio frequency bandwidth of 434MHz allocated for another country or geographical location, according to ITU Radio Regulations. Once a location of the motor vehicle is determined, i.e. if the location of the motor vehicle is determined to be in a region with radio frequency band 313MHz in accordance to ITU Radio Regulations, then the access system and access device will be activated to the corresponding predefined frequency range for 313MHz, for locking and locking the motor vehicle. On a similar note, if the motor vehicle is determined to be located in a region with radio frequency band 434MHz in accordance to ITU Radio Regulations, then the access system and access device will be activated to the corresponding predefined frequency range for 434MHz. As can be seen, the configuration of the hardware modules achieves the purpose of a device, system and method of accessing a motor vehicle based upon a geographical location or country location of the motor vehicle, by selectively operating between at least two radio frequency channels, in compliance with a country's regulatory standards. It shall be understood by the skilled addressee, the implementation of the above framework may be applied to different countries allocated with different radio frequency bands in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations, without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure .

Another advantage of this disclosure is that with the advancement of technology, miniaturization and integration of tuners are expected, which leads to cost reduction of electronic components. Multiple tuners for radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) suitable for radar and RF transmission will become increasingly cost effective. Therefore, the design framework as disclosed herein is scalable to higher numbers, for example, 3 transceivers working with 3 different sets of parameters, 4 transceivers working with 4 different sets of parameters, so on and so forth, in a single multiple zone transceiver design, which provides design flexibility. To achieve the obj ect of switching between di f ferent sets of parameters based on geographical location, a wireless multiple zone receiver 100a and multiple zone transmitter 100b framework is used to support an access network in accordance to a preferred embodiment of this disclosure . As shown in Fig . 2 is an access network 200 which may work like a cognitive radio network . Cognitive radio systems apply theory of dynamic spectrum management to detect available channels in wireless spectrum and changes its transmission and/or reception parameters accordingly, to allow multiple concurrent wireless communication channels within a given spectrum band at a given location . Conceptually, the cognitive radio principles are applied to configure a desired predefined frequency range , based on determination of geographical location of a motor vehicle .

With reference to Fig . 2 , the access network 200 includes an access system 204 within a motor vehicle 212 and a cognitive radio network . In a preferred embodiment , suitable access device 202 may be a key fob 202 ' comprising a transceiver such as the combination of a multiple zone receiver 100a ( Fig . la referred) and a multiple zone transmitter 100b ( Fig . lb referred) . The access device 202 may further include a transponder operable to receive wireless signals and respond to the wireless signal received accordingly . In another embodiment , the key fob 202 ' may be connected to a mobile communication device 202" , of which examples of a mobi le communication device 202" includes a mobile phone , a personal digital assistant ( PDA) or a tablet . The access device 202 may be wirelessly connected to the mobile communication device 202" us ing short-range wireless connectivity such as near field communication (NFC ) , Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE ) through a suitable electronic component installed or embedded within the access device 202 . An example of a suitable electronic component may be a controller or a transponder . Within the motor vehicle 212 , the access system 204 may comprises a receiver to receive wireless signals from the access device 202 ,

202 ' , 202" and a transmitter to transmit wireless s ignals from the access system 204 to the access device 202 . The access system 204 may include a control unit 208 for executing a command in response to a sequence of instructions or algorithmic functions . A veri fication process may be executed by the control unit 208 to determine the access device 202 is sending signals to the control unit 208 is compatible and operational with the access system . A location determinator 116 is installed or mounted onboard the motor vehicle 212 , for receiving a positional coordinate of the motor vehicle 212 through satellite 214 . Examples of suitable location determinator is a navigation device or navigation detector for receiving positional coordinates from a navigation system . In another embodiment , the location determinator is a GPS sensor embedded within an access device 202 , key fob 202 ' , or a function available in a mobile communication device 202" . Examples of navigation systems may include Global Positioning System ( GPS ) , global navigation satellite system ( GLONASS ) , Beidou satellite system (BDS ) , Galileo navigation satellite system ( GNSS ) , Navigation Indian Constellation (NavIC ) and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, also known as Michibiki .

An electronic module 210 onboard the motor vehicle 212 may transmit receive the positional coordinates from satellites 214 in the form of a wireless signal . An example of a suitable electronic module may be vehicle connectivity, such as an antenna module or a telematics unit . In some embodiments , the location determinator 116 is also the electronic module 210 . Upon receiving the positional coordinates by the electronic module 210 , the positional coordinates data is routed to the access system 204 through a vehicle area network . Examples of vehicle area network may include a Controller Area Network ( CAN bus ) , Local Interconnect Network ( LIN) or FlexRay . A polling process between the access system 204 and the access device 202 wirelessly communicates the positional coordinates from the access system 204 of the motor vehicle 212 to the access device 202 , such that only Type A electronic components or only Type B electronic components is operable . This means that the predefined frequency range of the access device 202 is configured, such that only one predefined frequency range corresponding to the geographical region in which the motor vehicle 212 is activated or enabled, in response to the positional coordinates received by location determinator 116 . In certain embodiments , the access system 204 requires the access device 202 to be within a predefined zone before polling process commences . Advantageously, implementation of a simplex or duplex unidirectional or bidirectional transmitter to receiver framework changes or activates the predefined frequency range corresponding to a geographical location of the motor vehicle . Since the design framework of the present disclosure only relies on the wireless communication between multiple zone receiver 100a and multiple zone transmitters 100b existing in an access system and an access device , the framework does not require speci fic radio frequency infrastructure to be implemented .

For clarity and brevity, this paragraph provides information about how remote keyless entry (RKE ) systems and/or passive safe entry ( RASE ) systems works . It shall be understood by a skilled practitioner this passage supports understanding and/or implementation of this disclosure , and does not form the basis of the main inventive concept of this disclosure , i . e . accessing a motor vehicle based upon a geographical location or country location of the motor vehicle , by selectively operating between at least two radio frequency channel , in compliance with a country' s regulatory standards . Nonetheless , certain aspects of

RKE or PASE system may be required in certain embodiments to achieve the purpose of this disclosure , i f the main concept of this disclosure is applied to a RKE or PASE system . Typically, wireless communication systems are always ON ( i . e . active ) during operation but may slow down during polling process . Applying this concept to motor vehicle access systems , wireless communication between the access system and an external device such as an access device or key fob is maintained, even when the key fob is outside a predefined zone or "unlock" zone . A polling process usually takes place when an external device such as a key fob is regularly maintained even when the key fob is outside predefined zones . Such a set-up enables the PASE system to scan and detect presence of the key fob when the key fob is located within the predefined zone ( s ) of the motor vehicle . As such, when the key fob is located within a predefined "unlock" zone , polling rate defers , depending on the state or readiness of a control unit of the access system .

Referring now to this disclosure , the area of the predefined zones is not universal across all access systems . Di f ferent access systems have di f ferent predefined zones , depending on the mode of wireless communication protocol selected . Thi s is due to radiative properties of the wireless antenna and frequency of operation of the mode of wireless communication protocol selected Possible combination of wireless communication using di f ferent types of wireless signals and/or protocol between the access system 204 and the access device 202 may include low frequency with radio frequency ( LF-RF) , radio frequency with radio frequency (RF-RF) , or high frequency with ultra-high frequency (HF-UHF) , etc . In certain embodiments , other types of wireless communication protocol or wireless signals combination includes Bluetooth Low Energy with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE-BLE ) , ultra-wide band with ultra-wideband (UWB-UWB ) , and Radar .

Yet in other embodiments , combination of communication protocols such as Radar, Time of Flight or Angle of Flight may be selected, depending on design speci fication . To sum up the above , the access system 204 and the access device 2020 are ideally operable to transmit and receive wireless radio signals or radio frequency protocols to enable an exchange of signals between the two . Examples of suitable signals or protocol may include radio frequency (RF) , low frequency ( LF) , wireless fidelity (WiFi ) , Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE ) , Bluetooth or ultra-wide band (UWB ) , Radar, Time of Flight or Angle of Flight . The feature of exchange of wireless communication between the access system 204 and the access device 202 is to enable exchange of signals between the access system 204 and the access device 202 for veri fication that the access device 202 is authorised to request for a grant of access . It shall be understood by the skilled practitioner, selection of the mode of wireless communication protocol does not depart from the main concept of selectively operating an access device and an access system according to a predefined frequency range corresponding to a geographical location .

The method of accessing a motor vehicle in accordance to this disclosure may be divided into two main processes , namely flowchart 300a as illustrated in Fig . 3a and flowchart 300b as illustrated in flowchart 300b . At step 302 , an access device 202 scans for a polling process , to determine the status o f an access system 204 that i s compatible and operational ready . By way of an example , this can be a scenario where a user or driver in possession of an access device 202 walks towards his own motor vehicle , which has an access system 204 that is compatible and operational with the access device 202 .

In the next step 304 , measurement for a power profile of the access device is taken . Optionally, the measurement for the power profile is stored in memory at step 306 . An example of a memory may be an external database server 206 shown in Fig . 2 . Thereafter, the measured power profile is correlated to a location-based station at the geographical location determined in step 308 . Optionally, the storage of the power profile is stored after corelating the measured power profile to a location-based station at the geographical location determined .

Looking now at Fig . 3b which shows a flowchart 300b, in the step 310 , the positional coordinates of a geographical location of the motor vehicle is obtained, in the form of signal carriers . As explained above , the positional coordinates data comprises a longitude of a geographical position of the motor vehicle and a latitude of the geographical position of the motor vehicle . The positional coordinates may be obtained by a location determinator installed or embedded within the motor vehicle . In some embodiments , an electronic module is necessary to receive the positional coordinates and route the positional coordinates data to the access system of the motor vehicle using vehicle area network . Once the access system 204 obtains information on the positional coordinates , the polling process between the access device and the access system commences , such that the predefined frequency range to be used as defined by the cognitive radio of the country or the geographical location which the motor vehicle is located may be determined .

In step 312 , the control unit 208 of the access system determines if the positional coordinates correspond to a geographical location, e . g . Region A, of which the predefined frequency range is defined by Type A electronic components described in Fig . la and Fig . lb above . I f it is determined by the control unit 208 , based upon the positional coordinates received that the motor vehicle is located in Region A, then a wireless signal containing the positional coordinates will be wirelessly communicated to an access device which is located within a predefined zone of the motor vehicle using the concept of exchange of wireless signal between the access system and the access device, as known in PASE system.

In step 314, the predefined frequency range corresponding to the geographical location is transmitted to the access device 202. This step may be implemented using any one of the different combinations of wireless communication protocol such as LF-RF, RF-RF, HF-UHF, BLE-BLE, UWB-UWB, etc, as discussed in the above embodiments. At the access device 202, the controller 114, 114' activates a predefined frequency range corresponding to the geographical location of the positional coordinates data received by the location determinator 116, 116' . More specifically, only one predefined frequency range corresponding to the geographical location of the motor vehicle is activated (i.e. only Type A electronic components or only Type B electronic components are enabled) . Thus, the access system shall response to a request to grant access to the motor vehicle by the access device on a condition that: (1) the access device 202 is located within the predefined zone, and (2) the positional coordinates received indicates that the predefined frequency range to be used as defined by the cognitive radio of the country or the geographical location which the motor vehicle is located is determined .

However, if at step 312 it is determined that the positional coordinates obtained indicates the motor vehicle is not in Region A, in the next step 316, the control unit 208 of the access system determines whether the positional coordinates correspond to another geographical location, e.g. Region B. If it is determined that the positional coordinates received indicates the motor vehicle is in Region B, in the next step 318, the controller 114 of the access device 202 activates the predefined frequency range corresponding to Region B. Optionally, if more than three predefined frequency range are present , the process continues to the n transceiver .

Thus , it can be seen that a device , system and method of accessing a motor vehicle based upon a geographical location or country location of the motor vehicle , by selectively operating between at least two radio frequency channel , in compliance with a country' s regulatory standards has been provided . The advantage of the design framework of this disclosure uses hardware modules to achieve multiple zone transceivers and applying principles of cognitive radios to selectively operate in di f ferent predefined frequency range , based upon a positional coordinates data, thereby achieving an access device , system and method which allows manufacturers to use the same key fob design for multiple radio frequency zones . More advantageously, a user may go on road trips without worrying being locked out of own' s vehicle . While exemplary embodiments have been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist .

It should further be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments are only examples , and are not intended to limit the scope , applicability, operation, or configuration of the invention in any way . Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements and method of operation described in the exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims .

List of Reference Signs

100a - a multiple zone receiver 102 - a first receiver

104 - a Type A antenna tuner

106 - a Type A receiver

108 - a second transceiver 110 - a Type B antenna tuner

112 - a Type B receiver

114 - controller

116 - positional coordinates from location determinator

118 - Antenna A 120 - Antenna B

100b - multiple zone transmitter

102 ' - a first transceiver

104 ' - a Type A antenna tuner

124 - a Type A transmitter

108 ' - a second transceiver

110 ' - a Type B antenna tuner

126 - a Type B transmitter

114 ' - controller

116 ' - location determinator

118 ' - Antenna A

120 ' - Antenna B

200 - cognitive radio network

202 - access device

202 ' - key fob

202" - mobile communication device

204 - access system

206 - external database server

208 - control unit

210 - electronic module for receiving signals

212 - motor vehicle

214 - satellite

216 - positional coordinates ( data signal )

300a - Method ( Part 1 )

302 - User device Rx to scan

304 - Measurement of power profile

306 - stores in memory

308 - correlates with location -based system

300b - Method ( Part 2 )

310 - obtain positional coordinates

312 - determine i f it is Region A

314 - set parameters to Region A

316 - determine i f it is Region B

318 - set parameters to Region B