FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is in the field of water-based adhesives, in particular based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds, for use in spray applications, in rollers or roll systems. These adhesives can be used in layered products characterised by the relation between layers, such as products comprising layers having different or the same physical, chemical or physicochemical properties, such as in foam bonding industry.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is in the field of an adhesive, in particular an adhesive that can be applied by spraying, rolling or the like. An adhesive is a material that attaches two parts together. This method is different to using mechanical methods of holding parts together. Adhesives have many advantages and disadvantages compared to mechanical methods of attaching parts. There are natural and synthetic made adhesives available. Most products are either applied in a liquid or paste form which increases in bond strength as it dries. They are used in different applications including manufacturing, construction and repair.

General properties of adhesives are open time (working time to make a bond, where the surface still retains sufficient tack ((initial)degree of surface stickiness of the adhesive), which can range from seconds for fast-setting adhesives to infinity for pressure-sensitive adhesives), built-up time (time to form a bond), set time (time to form a bond of acceptable strength), dry time, (initial) tack, applicability and adhesion to a diverse range of substrate surfaces, contactibility, flexibility of an adhesive film, temperature stability, storage stability, viscosity, and surface energy (influences wetting of different kind of surfaces).

In, for example, the foam bonding industry, the use of so called Rapid Stick Dispersions (RSD) is common. A dispersion is considered to be a physicochemical system in which distributed particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. The two phases may be in the same or different states of matter. Dispersions can be classified in a number of different ways, including how large the particles are in relation to an otherwise (semi-) continuous phase, including the particle size distribution of the dispersed material, whether or not precipitation occurs, and the presence of Brownian motion. These dispersions can be coagulated either by applying an external force, such as for example by a shear force, or by using a second component which is considered to activate the dispersion, such as for example an acid or a multivalent cation. These RSD then show immediate tack, that is, the bond between both substrates to be adhered can be made immediately, resulting in a bond wherein a main body of the water of the adhesive dispersion is still considered to be present. Typical examples thereof are the products Sababond as manufactured by SABA Dinxperlo B. V.

An alternative way of applying such adhesive to the foam is by using a roller system. After application the adhesives may, if desired, be activated using infrared light or other heat source. However, adhesives for this are usually based on not-sustainable raw materials, such as polymers based on fossil carbon sources such as oil and coal.

Incidentally reference can be made to NL2027448B, DE3842344A1, and CN109536080. These documents recite acid sensitive adhesives, which therefore can only be used at specific, basic, pH’s. Typically, when provided with an acid, being an activator in those cases, coagulation of the adhesive will occur. NL2027448B recites an adjustable waterbased adhesive for a roller or roller system, which may be a one-component adhesive or is a two-component adhesive, a method of applying said adhesive, a product comprising said adhesive, and a use of said adhesive. DE3842344A1 recites an aqueous dispersion of contact adhesive, containing a) NR latex, b) a tackifying resin dispersion, c) a terpene phenolic resin dispersion, and d) conventional auxiliaries such as an emulsifier, antioxidant, stabiliser and/or preservative. CN109536080 recites a water-based environment-friendly roller glue and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly roller glue comprises the following components: ammonia-free natural latex or polyisoprene latex, an acrylic emulsion, styrenebutadiene latex, a modified rosin emulsion, a water-based emulsifier, a pH regulating agent, a water-based defoaming agent, a water-based thickening agent and deionized water. Therein, a non-chloroprene system is adopted for preparation, the glue price is lower than the price of roller glue prepared by a chloroprene system, and the problems of high cost, instable supply and the like caused by expensive neoprene latex are avoided. The initial viscosity speed, stability and heat resistance of the mattress roller glue are good, and the roller glue is suitable for bonding materials such as sponge mattresses, leather, non-woven fabrics and the like.

There is therefore a need for improved roller adhesives. It is an object of the present invention to provide an adhesive which overcomes one or more of the above disadvantages, and a method of forming an adhesive, without jeopardizing functionality and advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present adhesive is in particular suited for roller or roller system applications and spray applications. The present adhesives, based on NR-latex, can also be applied one-sided and which can be used for roll-pack mattresses. The present invention relates to an adhesive based on sustainable raw material resources, which is in particular suited for the adhesion of foam to foam or foam to other substrates for e.g. the mattress industry. A raw material considered is natural rubber latex, preferably in the form of a low ammonia latex concentrate, commonly known as LATZ. However, natural rubber latex has the drawback of the strong ammonia scent and vapour. Also technically, LATZ based adhesives are slower in built-up of strength compared to adhesives based on man-made polymers. As the ammonia is considered to fulfil a crucial role in stabilizing the LATZ and keeping it from coagulation, the ammonia cannot be removed by chemical of physical means without destabilizing the LATZ in such a way it is no longer useful as base material for an adhesive. Finally, todays demanding applications, such as roll-packing of adhesives in which the freshly formed mattress is vacuumized and rolled into a small pack are not met using standard NR-latex based adhesives. Surprisingly it has now been found that by the addition of a resin, such as an acidic resin to a LATZ, after which the pH has been adjusted with any base, including ammonia, the resulting adhesive does not have a strong ammonia odour and is in adhesive quality as good or better as common commercial adhesives. Both time to bonding as strength and recovery are improved while being primarily based on sustainable raw materials. Additionally the resin may be added to another dispersion, for example a polyacrylate dispersion to facilitate the production of the adhesive and to strengthen certain aspects of the adhesive. The adhesive assembly tack may be significantly increased by drying the adhesive to air or preferably by heat activation for example with infrared light.

In a first aspect the present invention relates to a water-based adhesive for a roller or roller system comprising a dispersion, the dispersion comprising 5-95 wt.% of an aqueous first dispersion, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-45 wt.%, even more in particular 20-30 wt.%, wherein the first dispersion comprises a natural rubber, in particular wherein the aqueous first dispersion comprises 5-95 wt.% of at least one natural rubber, preferably 10-50 wt.% of at least one natural rubber, more preferably 15-45 wt.% of at least one natural rubber, even more in particular 20-30% wt.% of at least one natural rubber, that is, most or all of the first dispersion comprises the at least one natural rubber, in particular at least one natural latex rubber, more in particular at least one low ammonia latex concentrate, or a cationic stabilized natural latex rubber dispersion, the natural rubber dispersion comprising 30-80 wt.% solids, in particular 45-70 wt.% solids, more in particular 55-65 wt.% solids, and 0-75 wt.% of a second dispersion selected from polychloroprene dispersions, poly-urethane dispersion, poly-acrylate dispersions, styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer dispersions, nitrile-butadiene rubber dispersions, polyvinyl butyral dispersions, styrene-butadiene rubber dispersions, poly ethylene vinyl acetate dispersions, .poly vinyl acetate dispersions, polyvinyl alcohols, and combinations thereof, in particular a second dispersion selected from a poly-acrylate dispersion, and a polychloroprene dispersion, the second dispersion comprising 30-80 wt.% solids, in particular 35- 70 wt.% solids, more in particular 40-60 wt.% solids, further comprising 5-75 wt.% of at least one resin, in particular an acidic resin, preferably 20-60 wt.%, more preferably 25-52 wt.%, even more preferably 33-45 wt.%, further comprising 0.-10 wt.% of at least one surfactant, in particular an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or a cationic surfactant, preferably 0.2- 5 wt.%, such as 0.5-2 wt.%, and wherein the dispersion has a pH of 6-11, in particular 6.5-9, more in particular 7.0-8, and further comprising 0-35 wt.% additional water, in particular 2-20 wt.% water, more in particular 5-10 wt.% water, further comprising 0-10 wt.% antifoam, further comprising 0-10 wt.% antioxidant, further comprising 0-1 wt.% biocide, further comprising 0-5 wt.% viscosity modifier, and 0-30 wt.% of a plasticizer and/or oil, wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the adhesive. Compositions that may be considered are LATZ: 5-95 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-40 wt.%, like 25 wt.%, Polyacrylate/resin mixture, consisting of, based on final mixture: Polyacrylate dispersion: 0- 75 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-40 wt.% like 25 wt.%; Glycerol ester of rosin: 5-75 wt.%, preferably 20-60 wt.%, more preferably 45-55 wt.% like 50 wt.%; Polychloroprene dispersion: 0-10 wt.%, Preferably 0-5 wt.%, like 0 wt.%; anionic surfactant: 0,1- 10 wt.%, preferably 0,2-5 wt.%, like 1,0 wt.%; Ammonia, added as 25 wt.% solution, or any other base: 0-5 wt.%, preferably 0,05-0,50 wt.%, more preferably 0,10-0,30% like 0,20%, the exact amount determined to adjust the pH to: 6-10, preferably 7, 0-9,0 more preferably to 8; To which may also be added: Antifoam: 0,1-10 wt.%, preferably 0,2-5 wt.%, like 0,3 wt.%; Antioxidant: 0,1-10 wt.%, preferably 0,2-5 wt.%, like 0,7 wt.%; Biocide, such as fungicide or bactericide: 0-0,5 wt.%, preferably 0-0,1 wt.% such as 0,06 wt.%; Water: to adjust the viscosity to the desired value: preferably less than 20 wt.%; Viscosity modifier: to adjust the viscosity to the desired value: 0-5 wt.%, preferably 0-2 wt.%, like 0 wt.%. A resin is typically a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. Most plant resins are considered to be composed of terpenes, such as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene, and sab- inene, in particular monocyclic terpenes, such as limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, such as longifolene, caryophyllene, and delta-ca- dinene. Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids. Rosins on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds.

In a second aspect the present invention relates to a method of applying an adhesive according to the invention, comprising providing the adhesive, providing a substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from an open structure substrate, in particular from a foam, a non-woven material, and combinations thereof, and applying the adhesive to the substrate by using a spray system, a roller system, or a roller, or a roll coater.

In a third aspect the present invention relates to a product comprising an adhesive according to the invention, wherein the product is selected from a mattresses, upholstery, and combinations thereof.

In a fourth aspect the present invention relates to a use of an adhesive according to the invention, for one or more of obtaining a recovery after 5 days of > 75%, in particular > 90%, and substantially no deformation of the open structure substrate to which it is applied, in particular for a roll-pack process, more in particular a mattress roll-pack process.

The present adhesive is an aqueous dispersion, comprising water, a natural rubber, and at least one second dispersion. In addition, thereto it comprises at least one resin, such as at least one acidic resin. A resin is considered to relate to a solid-like or highly viscous substance which may be of plant or synthetic origin. It may be converted into polymers. Resins are typically mixtures of organic compounds. Most plant resins comprise terpenes. Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids. Rosins are less volatile, and may consist of diterpenes among other compounds. A rosin is typically a solidified resin from which the volatile terpenes have been removed, such as by distillation. Typically a rosin is a transparent or translucent mass, with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour, non-odorous or having only a slight turpentine odour and taste. A rosin may be obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers. An acidic resin is used to lower the pH of the aqueous first dispersion to 6-11. Further ingredients of the present adhesive relate to at least one . surfactant, and optionally antifoam, antioxidant, biocide, and viscosity modifier. The present invention in particular relates to a water-based adhesive for a roller or roller system comprising 5-95 wt.% of an aqueous first dispersion, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-45 wt.%, even more in particular 25-30 wt.%, wherein the dispersion comprises a natural rubber, in particular a natural latex rubber, and 0-75 wt.% of a second component selected from polychloroprene dispersions, poly-urethane dispersion, poly-acrylate dispersions, styrene-butadiene-sty- rene copolymer dispersions, nitrile-butadiene rubber dispersions, polyvinyl butyral dispersions, styrene-butadiene rubber dispersions, poly ethylene vinyl acetate dispersions, poly vinyl acetate dispersions, and combinations thereof, in particular a second component selected from a poly-acrylate dispersion, and a polychloroprene dispersion, the dispersion comprising 30-80 wt.% solids, in particular 35-70 wt.% solids, more in particular 40-60 wt.% solids, further comprising 5-75 wt.% of at least one resin, such as an acidic resin, preferably 20-60 wt.%, more preferably 25-55 wt.%, even more preferably 33-50 wt.%, further comprising 0.1- 10 wt.% of at least one surfactant, preferably 0.2-5 wt.%, such as 1.5-3 wt.%, and wherein the dispersion has a pH of 3.5-11, in particular 6.5-9, more in particular 7-8, and further comprising 0-35 wt.% water, in particular 7-32 wt.% water, more in particular 10-25 wt.% water, further comprising 0-10 wt.% antifoam, further comprising 0-10 wt.% antioxidant, further comprising 0-1 wt.% biocide, further comprising 0-5 wt.% viscosity modifier, wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the respective first and second component.

In a second aspect the present invention relates to a method of applying an adhesive according to the invention, comprising providing the adhesive, providing a foam, and applying the adhesive to the foam by using a spray system, a roller system, or a roller, or a roller coater.

In a third aspect the present invention relates to a product comprising an adhesive according to the invention, wherein the product is selected from a mattresses, upholstery, and combinations thereof.

In a fourth aspect the present invention relates to a use of an adhesive according to the invention, for one or more of obtaining a recovery after 5 hours of > 80 %, a recovery after 5 days of > 85%, in particular > 90%, for a roll-pack process, in particular for a mattress rollpack process. Thereby the present invention provides a solution to one or more of the above mentioned problems.

Advantages of the present description are detailed throughout the description. The teachings and examples of the present invention may be combined into a further not specifically disclosed exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect the invention relates to an adhesive. The adhesive, based on solid percentage in final adhesive may comprise LATZ 5-95 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-40 wt.%, like 25 wt.% ; Polyacrylate/resin mixture, comprising of, based on final mixture, Polyacrylate dispersion: 0-75 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%, more preferably 15-40 wt.% like 25 wt.%; Glycerol ester of rosin: 5-75 wt.%, preferably 20-60 wt.%, more preferably 45-55 wt.% like 50 wt.%; Polychloroprene dispersion: 0-10 wt.%, Preferably 0-5 wt.%, like 0 wt.%; Surfactant: 0-10 wt.%, preferably 0.1-5 wt.%, like 1.0 wt.%; Ammonia, added as 25 wt.% solution, or any other base: 0-5 wt.%, preferably 0.05-0.50 wt.%, more preferably 0.10-0.30 wt.% like 0.20 wt.%; wherein an exact amount is determined to adjust the pH to: 6- 11, preferably 7.0-9.0 more preferably to about 8; to which may also be added: Antifoam: 0.1- 10 wt.%, preferably 0.2-5 wt.%, like 0.3 wt.%; Antioxidant: 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 0.2-5 wt.%, like 0.7 wt.%; Biocide, such as fungicide or bactericide: 0-0.5 wt.%, preferably 0-0.1 wt.% such as 0.06 wt.%; Water: to adjust the viscosity to the desired value: preferably less than 20 wt.%; Viscosity modifier: to adjust the viscosity to the desired value: 0-5 wt.%, preferably 0-2 wt.%, like 0 wt.%.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present adhesive the resin, in particular the acidic resin, is selected from rosin resins, in particular from rosin esters, more in particular from glycerol rosin esters, from acidic resins, in particular with an acid value (neutralization number; acid number) of 60-100 (EN 14104), more in particular with an acid value of 70-90, from neutralized resins, in particular with an acid value (also referred to as neutralization number or acid number) of 40-80 (EN 14104), more in particular with an acid value of 50-70, and combinations thereof.

In an exemplary embodiment the present adhesive comprises 0.1-10 wt.%, antifoam, preferably 0.15-5 wt.%, like 0.2-0.3 wt.%.

In an exemplary embodiment the present adhesive comprises .1-10 wt.% antioxidant, preferably 0.2-5 wt.%, like 0.9-1.3 wt.%.

In an exemplary embodiment the present adhesive comprises 0.005-1 wt.% biocide, such as fungicide or bactericide, preferably 0.01-0.1 wt.% such as 0.02-0.03 wt.%, and/or 0.001-5 wt.% viscosity modifier, preferably 0.01-2 wt.%, like 00.02-0.05 wt.%.

In an exemplary embodiment the present adhesive comprises 0.0-5 wt.% second surfactant, preferably 0.1-3 wt.%, such as 0.3-1.5 wt.%, 0-40 wt.% filler, preferably 0.1-10 wt.%, such as 0.2-5 wt.%, 0-5 wt.% of an adhesion promotor, preferably 0.1-3 wt.%, such as 0.3-1.5 wt.%, 0-30 wt.% of a tackifier, preferably 0.5-20 wt.%, such as 3-15 wt.%, 0-5 wt.% of at least one further additive, preferably 0.1-3 wt.%, such as 0.3-1.5 wt.%. A tackifier is a chemical compound which may be used in formulating adhesives to increase tack, the stickiness of the surface of the adhesive. Tackifiers typically have a low molecular weight, and glass transition and softening temperature above room temperature, providing them with suitable viscoelastic properties. Tackifiers frequently represent most of both weight percentage and cost of hot melt adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives. In hot melt adhesives they can comprise up to about 40% of total mass. Such is very different from the present application. Tackifiers can be resins (e.g. rosins and their derivates, terpenes and modified terpenes, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic resins etc.).

In an exemplary embodiment of the present method the adhesive is applied in the production of a mattress, or an upholstery.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present method after applying the adhesive, the applied adhesive is dried, in particular forced dried, wherein drying is selected from subjecting to infrared light, increasing the temperature of the applied adhesive, such as in a tunnel or in an oven, providing an air-flow over the applied adhesive, and combinations thereof.

The invention is further detailed by the accompanying figures and examples, which are exemplary and explanatory of nature and are not limiting the scope of the invention. To the person skilled in the art it may be clear that many variants, being obvious or not, may be conceivable falling within the scope of protection, defined by the present claims.

FIGURES

In fig 1. a schematic representation of gap recovery is given.

Figs. 2-6 show photos of experimental procedural steps. EXAMPLES

The following formulations were made [TABLE 1] (AV=Acid Value):

Fl F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

Latex LATZ Low ammonia 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00

Rosin ester blend. AV= 70-90 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

Viscosity modifier 5.60 5.04 4.48 3.92 3.36 2.80

Anionic surfactant 2.80 2.98 3.16 3.34 3.52 3.70

Demi-water 10.20 18.15 26.05 34.00 41.80 49.70

Solids content 54.03 54.00 53.99 53.97 54.00 53.99 pH 9.5 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.0

Amounts added in gram, additional water to compensate for solid resin and to maintain solids content.

From the preparation data in table 1 can be seen that, due to the changing ratio of LATZ:Resin, by increasing the resin and water (necessary to maintain solid content) and decreasing the viscosity modifier, the viscosity and pH drop.

Two pieces of foam were adhered and immediately tightly rolled as model for a roll pack process. After drying for the time stated in the table 2 the pack was unrolled. To establish the performance of these formulations in a roll pack application the increased hight was measured of a bonded foam specimen when one side was levelled with the surface (drawing required). Also the recovery was tested. By recovery we mean the layer thickness of the bonded specimen after compression compared in ratio to the original thickness.

The following results were obtained [TABLE 2]:

Sample Formulation bonding roll pack recovery gap recovery gap IR activation 10 after 5 after 5 after 5 after 5 seconds hours hours days days

SI Fl 100% foam tear 71.67 5.70 75.00 3.10

S2 F2 100% foam tear 83.33 4.80 90.00 2.80

S3 F3 100% foam tear 83.33 2.50 85.00 0.70

S4 F4 100% foam tear 88.33 1.60 95.00 1.20

S5 F5 100% foam tear 81.67 0.30 93.33 0.00

S6 F6 100% foam tear 91.67 t.b.d. 93.33 t.b.d.

Table 2. SI was bonded using adhesive Fl, etc. From table 2 it can be seen that all formulations Fl to F6 perform well as adhesive, in all cases when the bonded specimen S1-S6 are teared from each other the foam tears for 100%. After 5 hours the recovery of pure LATZ is much lower compared to the specimen bonded with a resin containing LATZ and by increasing the resin the recovery also increases. Similar results were obtained after 5 days. The undesired gap shows an opposite value change: the higher the resin the lower the gap, both again after 5 hours as well as measured after 5 days.

The following formulations were made [TABLE 3]:

F7 F8 F9 F10 Fl l F12

Latex LATZ 31.03 28.06 25.07 22.04 18.99 15.91

Rosin ester blend (Acid Value 70-90) 37.86 34.24 30.59 26.89 23.16 19.40

Surfactant 2.80 2.53 2.26 1.99 1.71 1.43

Viscosity modifier 2.12 1.92 1.71 1.51 1.30 1.09

Demi water 26.19 21.84 17.43 13.01 8.52 3.05

Polyacrylate dispersion 11.41 22.94 34.57 46.32 58.21

Solid content (%) 59.69 59.69 59.70 59.68 59.68 59.70 pH 7.74 7.51 7.33 6.99 6.83 6.72

Viscosity mPas 840 625 525 590 605 815

Amounts added in gram, additional water to compensate for solid resin and to maintain solids content.

Two pieces of foam were adhered using the formulation in table 3 and immediately tightly rolled as model for a roll pack process. After drying for the time stated in the table 4 (five hours or 5 days) the pack was unrolled. To establish the performance of these formulations in a roll pack application the increased hight was measured of a bonded foam specimen when one side was levelled with the surface (drawing required). Also the recovery was tested. By recovery we mean the layer thickness of the bonded specimen after compression compared in ratio to the original thickness.

The compression strength was measured as follows:

Definition:

Compression strength: This is the strength of an adhesive in the early stage of mattress production. Therefore, the compression strength is the strength of an adhesive after the press.

Requirements:

Foam samples with a dimension of 20*10*3 cm, foam type: VSI 9540, density 40 kg/m ³ Glass plate

Blade of 250 pm eventually spraying equipment with accessories

IR-radiation equipment

Tensile test machine

Pressing device, board, two wooden blocks of 3cm thickness (Fig.2)

Scale with a accuracy of 0,01 g

Stopwatch Procedure

Apply an adhesive film, 250 pm, with the doctor blade on the glass plate. (Fig.3)

Bond two pieces of foam by glass plate transfer method (Fig.4) by dipping the foam part in the adhesive film, press by hand. Weigh the foam part.

Typically 100 g/m ² is applied on one side.

Heat activate the adhesive by a chosen method such as IR-radiation for 15 s

Directly make a overlapped shear tension bond 8*10 cm (Fig. 5)

Press the foam sample 10 second, at a depth of 50%, using wooden blocks 3 cm (Fig.6) Start the stopwatch and ensure that the tensile test starts 1 minute after the bond is made. Clamp the foam sample in the tensile machine.

Perform the tensile test for at least three times.

The following results were obtained [TABLE 4]:

Sample Formulation bonding roll pack recovery gap recovery gap Compression

IR activation 10 after 5 after 5 after 5 after 5 Strength seconds hours hours days days % cm % cm N/m ²

57 F7 100% foam tear 88.33 n.m. 95.00 n.m. 0.19

58 F8 100% foam tear 93.33 1.60 95.00 1.00 0.32

59 F9 100% foam tear 90.00 1.30 93.33 0.80 0.36

510 F10 100% foam tear 91.67 1.40 96.67 0.70 0.35

511 Fl l 100% foam tear 93.33 1.50 93.33 0.70 0.39

512 F12 100% foam tear 91.67 1.60 96.67 0.90 0.51

Table 4. S7 was bonded using adhesive F7, etc.; n.m.=not measured

From these results it can be seen that the addition of an polyacrylate has a positive effect on some aspects of the adhesives such as compression strength and does not negatively influence the key aspects of the invention.

It should be appreciated that for commercial application it may be preferable to use one or more variations of the present system, which would similar be to the ones disclosed in the present application.