-1 - Air Operated Loading and Unloading Device Background of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to loading and unloading apparatus for machine tools and the like. More particularly, the invention resides in a vacuum assisted loading and unloading device for use in connection with lathes.

It has now become common in the machine tool industry to automate the loading and unloading of workpieces into and out of a machine tool, such as a lathe, such that a workpiece is automatically placed into the machine prior to the machining operation and then automatically removed from the machine when the machining operation is completed. Operator intervention in many machining processes, along with the dangers and time usage associated therewith, have been significantly reduced as a result of

such automation.

Many automated loading and unloading mechanisms have the severe drawback of being so complex and expensive that

their use in all but the most elaborate and expensive machine tools is

impractical. These loading and unloading mechanisms include, for

example, robotic devices and other programmable or otherwise

electronically controlled arms, indexing devices, etc. While there are

needs in the industry for such sophisticated and expensive machine

tool loading and unloading mechanisms, especially in connection

with many high volume machining operations, these solutions to the

problems associated with manual loading and unloading operations

tend to be too expensive for lower volume work.

Although feeding mechanisms for lathes, for example,

have been developed which are less complicated than those mentioned above in connection with high volume operations, these

mechanisms often still tend to be too complicated and therefore too

expensive to implement and maintain in smaller machine shops.

Also, these mechanisms have generally utilized mechanical elements which physically contact the workpiece in order to move it into

and/or out of the lathe. This leads to the undesirable results of

mechanical breakdown of the mechanism, marring of the workpiece

by the contacting element and often a relatively slow ingress and

egress of the workpiece into and out of the lathe or machine tool.

It has therefore become clear that there is a need in the

art for a loading and unloading mechanism, especially suitable for use with lathes, which is relatively low cost, low maintenance and reliable yet as fast or faster than many more complicated and more expensive feed mechanisms known in the art. Summary of the Invention

In furtherance of this need in the art, it has been one object of this invention to minimize the cost and complexity of loading and unloading mechanisms for machine tools such as lathes.

It has been another more specific object of the invention to provide a pressurized air and vacuum operated loading and unloading mechanism for a lathe which very quickly loads and unloads a lathe.

It has been another object of the invention to provide such a mechanism with few moving parts and with minimal physical contact between the workpiece and any moving elements of the mechanism.

It has been yet another object of the invention to provide a tubular workpiece receiving chamber which may be

pressurized to respectively force the workpiece into the lathe and draw the workpiece out of the lathe.

It has been a further object of the invention to facilitate easy loading and unloading of workpieces to and from the tubular workpiece receiving chamber.

To these ends, the present invention is embodied in a

loading and unloading mechanism including a workpiece receiving chamber and pressurized air generator operatively connected to the chamber. The chamber is tubular and adapted to be connected to or in communication with the spindle of a lathe in a coaxial relationship. The pressurized air generator is used to pressurize the chamber and thereby move the workpiece through the chamber in at least one direction. Most preferably, pressurized air is supplied by a pump operatively connected to one end of the chamber to force the workpiece into the lathe spindle and vacuum pressure, which may be produced by the same pump which provides the pressurized air, is used to draw the workpiece out of the lathe and back into the tubular chamber.

The workpiece receiving chamber is more specifically constructed from pair of tubular elements sized to receive an elongated workpiece, such as a cylindrical workpiece, in a sliding relationship. One tubular element is an "inner" tube located concentrically within the second tubular element or "outer" tube. Both the inner and outer tubes include elongated slots of sufficient width and length to receive the workpiece. At least one of the tubes is rotatable with respect to the other tube so as to selectively register or align the slots of the two tubes such that the workpiece may pass through the slots both into and out of the inner tube.

Preferably, both the inner and outer tubes are rotatable such vhat the slots may be aligned in two different positions which

preferably include an upwardly opening position for receiving the workpiece and a downwardly opening position for releasing the workpiece after the machining process is over and the workpiece has been drawn back into the inner tube by vacuum. When the two slots are positioned such that one slot does not communicate with the other at all, such as when the slots are positioned 180° apart, an air lock is created between the two tubes such that pressurized air and vacuum pressure within the effectively sealed workpiece receiving chamber may respectively move the workpiece into and out of the lathe through the inner tube.

When the device of the present invention is used as both a loader and unloader, a cylinder and piston including a workpiece engaging element facilitates movement of the front end of the workpiece just past a forward end of the inner tube's elongated slot. This prevents pressurized air from circumventing the workpiece by travelling around the workpiece through the slot of the inner tube and out through the lathe spindle and chuck. With the workpiece moved past the forward end of the inner tube's elongated slot, pressurized air will impinge mainly against the rearward end of the workpiece thereby propelling the workpiece into the lathe spindle and chuck. In one embodiment, the piston itself is the workpiece engaging element while in another embodiment the piston and cylinder are mounted alongside the tubes and move a longitudinally adjustable rotary actuator along a track. The rotary actuator includes

a workpiece engaging element which may be rotated into and out of a position within the chamber facilitating engagement with the workpiece.

For those applications in which it is desired to only have automatic unloading of the workpieces from the lathe, such as when the workpiece is manually loaded into the lathe, the present invention may be constructed to facilitate unloading only. In this regard, one of the tubes may be fixed with respect to the other with its elongated slot disposed in a workpiece releasing position, such as downwardly facing position. The other tube may then be rotatably mounted to allow selective alignment of its slot with the slot of the fixed tube. When the workpiece receiving chamber is completely closed, pressure may be introduced into the chamber to move the workpiece out of the lathe and into the chamber. Preferably, this pressure is negative or vacuum pressure introduced at the end of the chamber opposite the lathe to thereby create suction toward that end and draw the workpiece out of the lathe. When the rotatable tube is then rotated to align the slots of the fixed and rotatable tubes, the workpiece is automatically released from the tubes. It will be appreciated that in this alternative, there is no need for a workpiece engaging element, however, there is a need for a stop member in the inner tube for stopping the workpiece after it is drawn

or forced by air pressure out of the lathe.

In another aspect of the invention, a proximity switch is

provided, preferably between the lathe and the concentric tubes, for detecting the passage of a finished workpiece out of the lathe and back into the inner tube or chamber. Upon activation of the switch in this manner, a signal is sent to a suitable control which results in one or both of the tubes being rotated to a release position which is preferably defined by the slots being aligned in a downwardly opening direction. In this way, the finished workpiece is immediately dropped from the tubes into, for example, a receiving tray.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a vacuum operated loading and unloading device shown connected to a lathe and constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the device of Fig. 1 taken along line 2-2 thereof; Fig. 2A is a cross sectional view similar to Fig. 2 but only showing the front end of the device with a workpiece in process of being forced by air pressure into the lathe;

Fig. 3 is a top view of a rear end portion of the device shown in Fig. 1 , partially fragmented to more clearly illustrate the

components contained therein;

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along line 4-4 of

Fig. 2 and showing the detail of the perforated piston of the preferred embodiment;

Fig. 5A is an cross-sectional view taken along 5-5 of

Fig. 2 schematically illustrating the inner and outer tubes rotated to a

position in which they open upwardly to receive a workpiece;

Fig. 5B is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 5A but

showing the outer tube rotated to a position which closes the workpiece receiving chamber with a workpiece contained therein;

Fig. 5C is a cross-sectional view similar to Figs. 5A and

5B but showing the inner and outer tubes rotated to a downwardly

opening position and a finished workpiece being dropped onto a receiving tray; and,

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an alternative

embodiment of the workpiece engaging element of the invention

which is used to move the workpiece ahead of the slots in the inner and outer tubes.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of

the present invention is illustrated and comprises a vacuum operated

loading and unloading device 10. For illustration purposes and to

provide a better understanding of the invention, device 10 is shown

connected to a conventional "CNC" lathe 1 2. Generally stated,

device 10 receives workpieces 14, shown as cylindrically shaped steel workpieces, into a correspondingly shaped workpiece receiving chamber 1 6 through which workpieces 14 are fed into and retrieved

from lathe 1 2. Chamber 1 6 is comprised of an inner cylindrical tube

18 having an elongated slot 20 and an outer cylindrical tube 22 also

having an elongated slot 24. Inner tube 18 is contained within and

is concentric or coaxial with outer tube 22 such that tubes 18, 22

may be rotated relative to one another. Tubes 18, 22 may be

formed from a relatively rigid polymeric material such as

polyvinylchloride (PVC).

Device 10 further generally includes a workpiece

chamber operating end 26 which contains various components, to be

described, for both rotating tubes 18, 22 and for providing pressurized air and vacuum pressure to workpiece receiving chamber 16. For the purpose of providing both pressurized air and vacuum

pressure to workpiece chamber 16, a pump 28 is provided and is

operatively connected to a rearward end of the workpiece chamber

1 6 by way of a hose 30. Preferably, pump 28 may be reversed in

operation to provide both negative or vacuum pressure and positive

pressurized air to workpiece chamber 16. Pump 28 is attached to a

base 32 of device 10 with the base 32 further providing support for

tubes 18, 22 as well as the structure comprising chamber operating

end 26, a workpiece feeding tray 34 for selectively dropping

workpieces 14 into chamber 1 6 and a workpiece receiving tray 36.

Base 32 also includes height adjustable foot pads 38.

Referring to the further detail provided in Fig. 2, a pair of mounts 40, 42 are provided for supporting tubes 18, 22. Specifically, mounts 40, 42 are located approximately at the ends of the outer tube 22 and serve as bushings to allow rotation of outer tube 22 therein. The outer diameter of inner tube 18 is sized to allow rotation thereof within outer tube 22 and, therefore, outer tube 22 effectively provides a rotatable mounting for inner tube 18. Mounts 40, 42 are rigidly affixed to a first mounting plate 44 which, in turn, is rigidly affixed to a second mounting plate 46. Mounting plate 46 is secured to base 32 in a height adjustable fashion by way of adjustable threaded rods 48 (Fig. 1 ), only two out of at least four such rods 48 being shown in Fig. 1. The adjustability provided by threaded rods 48 allows the central axis of workpiece 14 contained in workpiece chamber 16 to be coaxial with the turn axis of lathe 12.

To prevent lateral movement of workpiece within inner tube 18, the inner diameter of the inner tube 18 is chosen to be only slightly greater than the outer diameter of workpiece 14 such that only longitudinal sliding movement of workpiece 14 is allowed within inner tube 18 and such that the central axes of tubes 18, 22 also substantially coincide with the turn axis of lathe 12.

Still referring to Fig. 2, workpiece chamber operating end 26 includes an annular air pressure sleeve 50 which completely surrounds a rear end portion 18a of inner tube 18. To enable this

connection, rear end portion 1 8a of inner tube 1 8 extends outwardly

or rearwardly from the rear end of outer tube 22. Air pressure sleeve

50 is coupled to hose 30 which leads to pump 28. Holes 52 are provided through end portion 18a preferably at 90° spaced locations

within air pressure sleeve 50. This allows the positive and negative air pressure to be introduced into workpiece chamber 1 6 from pump

28 during respective loading and unloading operations to be

described in more detail below.

A fluid operated cylinder 54, such as a pneumatic

cylinder, is also mounted at workpiece chamber operating end 26.

Cylinder 54 includes a piston rod 56 extending into workpiece

chamber 16 through an end cap 58 provided at the end of inner tube

18. End cap 58, taken with piston rod 56, provides a seal effective

for preventing air pressure leakage through the rear end of inner tube

1 8 when pump 28 is turned on. Piston rod 56 includes a piston 60

at its forward end which acts as a workpiece engaging member for

moving a workpiece 14 in the direction of arrow 62 to the position

shown in phantom in Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 4, piston 60 includes

a plurality of apertures 60a for allowing the passage of positive or negative pressurized air therethrough during loading and operations

of workpiece 14. Preferably, piston 60 is formed of a relatively soft,

non-marring polymeric material such that workpiece 14 is not

scratched or otherwise marred during engagement therewith.

Cylinder 54 may, for example, have a two inch stroke for providing

the initial movement of workpiece 14 after it has been loaded into chamber 1 6 from feeding tray 34. This initial movement of

workpiece 14 is necessary to provide a seal against positive pressurized air, used to move workpiece 14 into lathe 1 2, from

bypassing or circumventing workpiece 14 by way of slot 20 of inner

tube 18.

It will be appreciated that for those situations in which

workpiece 14 is manually loaded into lathe 12, the present invention

contemplates versions thereof in which device 10 is used as an unloader only. In this regard, for example, outer tube 22 may be

fixed in a downwardly facing position. The means for rotating the

outer tube (described below) may be eliminated as may cylinder 54,

rod 56 and piston 60. Of course, end cap 58 would then be modified to completely seal the end of tube 18. A stop member 1 10

(Fig. 3) is then inserted in inner tube 18 to take the place of piston

60 which acts as a stop member in the case in which device 10 is

used as a loader and unloader. As will be appreciated from the

further description provided hereinbelow, device 10 as so modified to

be an unloader only may be used in vacuum mode to automatically unload workpieces 14 from lathe 12.

Whether device 10 is used as a loader and unloader or an unloader only, a proximity switch 64 is mounted within a front

end cap 66 which is disposed between outer tube 22 and lathe 12

and which provides a seal between lathe 1 2 and the lathe spindle or,

as shown in Fig. 2, the spindle liner 68. Cap 66 may, for example, be formed of Nylon and there may be a slight gap between cap 66 and spindle liner 68 is long as the gap is not so significant as to cause pressure leakage adversely slowing the movement of workpiece 14 within chamber 16 and spindle liner 68. Proximity switch 64 is more specifically used to cause a signal to be sent to a suitable control upon passage of a finished workpiece 14 from lathe 12 back into chamber 16. As discussed below, this signal may be used to cause a suitable conventional control device to open chamber 16 thereby dropping the finished workpiece 14 onto receiving tray 36.

As illustrated best in Fig. 3, workpiece operating end 26 includes devices for opening and closing workpiece chamber 16. Specifically, rotary actuators 70, 72 are provided for separately rotating tubes 18, 22 preferably between three different positions. A first position, shown in Fig. 5A, is a workpiece receiving position in which slots 20, 24 of respective tubes 18, 22 open upwardly to receive a workpiece 14 dropped from feeding tray 34. A second position, shown in Fig. 5B, is a workpiece moving position in which outer tube 22 has been rotated 180° such that slot 24 faces downwardly. Since slots 20, 24 do not align at all in this position and since there is a close, sliding fit between tubes 18 and 22, an air lock is created between tubes 18 and 22 such that positive and negative air pressure provided by pump 28 via sleeve 50 may move

workpiece back and forth within chamber 1 6. A third position, shown in Fig. 5C, is a workpiece releasing position, in which inner

tube 1 8 has been rotated 1 80° to align with the downwardly facing slot 24 of outer tube 22. In this position, the finished workpiece 14

is dropped onto receiving tray 36.

Although the specific devices and components used to

rotate tubes 18 and 22 may be readily changed by those of ordinary

skill, it is preferred to use pneumatically operated rotary actuators

70, 72 controlled by, for example, a solenoid valve 73 (Fig. 1 ) and

coupled by respective gear belts 76 and 82 to the inner and outer

tubes 1 8 and 22. More particularly, rotary actuator 70 rotates an

output pulley 74 connected to gear belt 76 and gear belt 76 extends

around a toothed annular sleeve 78 which is rigidly affixed to the

outside surface of end portion 18a of inner tube 18. Likewise, rotary

actuator 72 rotates an output pulley 80 connected to gear belt 82

and gear belt 82 extends around a toothed annular sleeve 84 which

is rigidly affixed to the outer surface of tube 22. It will thus be

appreciated that rotary actuators 70, 72 each operate to rotate the

respective tubes 18, 22 back and forth between upwardly facing and

downwardly facing positions as previously described.

Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of a workpiece

engagement mechanism having the same function as, but certain

advantages over, the engagement mechanism previously described comprising the cylinder 54 and piston 60. Specifically, it will be

appreciated that for longer or shorter workpieces than the one shown

herein, the length of the piston rod 56 shown in the first embodiment

would have to be correspondingly changed assuming the stroke of cylinder 54 remains the same. In the alternative embodiment shown

in Fig. 6, a fluid operated cylinder 86 is mounted adjacent to inner

and outer tubes 18, 22 and includes a linearly actuatable piston rod

88 having, for example, a two inch stroke as does cylinder 54 of the

first embodiment. Rod 88 is connected to an engagement member

mounting and adjustment assembly 90. Mounting and adjustment

assembly 90 is mounted for a two inch stroke along a guide 92 for

movement in a direction parallel to the axes of tubes 18, 22. Specifically, assembly 90 preferably includes downwardly depending

guide members (not shown) which slide within a pair of slots 94, 96

contained in guide 92. Assembly 90 further includes an adjustably

positionable, bidirectional rotary actuator 98 having a workpiece engagement member 100 connected to the rotatable output shaft

thereof. Member 100 is movable in a direction indicated by arrow

102 such that an end portion 100a thereof is disposed within

chamber 16 through slots 20, 24 and also in an opposite direction

such that chamber 1 6 may be closed by rotation of, for example, the

outer tube 22. Rotary actuator 98 is movable along a pair of tracks

104 which comprise a further portion of assembly 90. Thus,

actuator 98 may be moved along track 104 according to the length

of the particular workpiece 14 and then rigidly affixed by an

conventional fastening means such as thumb screws (not shown) at that position.

Operation

Referring now to Fig. 1 taken in conjunction with Fig. 5A, to initiate the loading process, when device 10 is used as a loader and unloader, a workpiece 14 is first dropped from feeding tray 34 into inner tube 18 after slots 20, 24 have been aligned in an upwardly opened position by rotation of tubes 18, 22. A proximity switch (not shown) may be used to detect the passage of a workpiece 14 into inner tube 18, whereupon solenoid valve 73 (Fig.

1 ) is actuated to activate rotary actuator 72 which rotates outer tube 22 relative to inner tube 18 such that slot 24 is facing downwardly as shown in Fig. 5B thereby closing and effectively sealing chamber 16. As shown in Fig. 2, piston 60 is moved by cylinder 54 to slide workpiece 14 just ahead of the forward end of slot 20 to the position shown in phantom. Alternatively, the mechanism shown in Fig. 6

may be used to provide this initial movement of workpiece 14 which prevents circumvention of workpiece 14 by pressurized air from

pump 28. Then, as shown in Fig. 2A, pressurized air indicated by direction arrows 106 acts against workpiece 14 to propel it through chamber 16 and spindle liner 68 of lathe 12 to the position shown in phantom in which one end thereof is contained in the chuck 108 of lathe 12. Chuck 108 is then tightened and workpiece 14 is machined.

Vacuum pressure may be provided in the closed chamber 16 while the workpiece 14 is being machined such that, when the machining operation is over and collet 108 is loosened, vacuum pressure in chamber 16 and spindle liner 68 will immediately draw the finished workpiece 14 back out of the lathe and into inner tube 18 or, more broadly speaking, into receiving chamber 16 until it stops against piston 60 generally in the position shown in solid in Fig. 2. Alternatively, in the case in which device 10 is only an unloader, workpiece stops against stop member 1 10 shown in phantom in Fig. 3. In either case, when workpiece 14 passes proximity switch 64 on its way out of lathe 12, a signal is sent to a suitable control device such as a relay which activates solenoid valve 73 to cause rotary actuator 70 to rotate inner tube 18 relative to outer tube 22 to the position shown in Fig. 5C. This aligns slots 20, 24 and drops workpiece 14 onto inclined receiving tray 36.

Thereafter, tubes 18, 22 are both rotated 180° to the upwardly opening position of Fig. 5A and another workpiece 14 is dropped into chamber 16 and the process repeats. Alternatively, tubes 18, 22 are rotated to the closed position of Fig. 5B and another workpiece is manually loaded into lathe 12 for the case in which

device 10 is to be used as an unloader only.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill will readily recognize many modifications and substitutions of

components thereof which nevertheless fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, Applicant's intention is to be

bound not by the details of these preferred embodiments but only by the legal scope of the appended claims.