[0001] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0002] Figure 2 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 1.

[0003] Figure 3 is a magnified view of area 3 indicated in Figure 2.

[0004] Figure 4 is a side view of a portion of a second exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0005] Figure 5 is a side view of a portion of a third exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0006] Figure 6 is a side view of a portion of a fourth exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0007] Figure 7 is a side view of a portion of a fifth exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0008] Figure 8 is a side view of a portion of a sixth exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0009] Figure 9 is a side view of a portion of a seventh exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

[0010] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary wound care product.

[0011] Figure 11 is a side view of a portion of an eighth exemplary antimicrobial laminate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following description and the referenced drawings provide illustrative examples of that which the inventor regards as his invention. As such, the embodiments discussed herein are merely exemplary in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, or its protection, in any manner. Rather, the description and illustration of these embodiments serve to enable a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art to practice the invention.

[0013] The use of "e.g.," "etc," "for instance," "in example," "for example," and "or" and grammatically related terms indicates non-exclusive alternatives without limitation, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0014] The use of "including" and grammatically related terms means "including, but not limited to," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. [0015] The use of the articles "a," "an" and "the" are meant to be interpreted as referring to the singular as well as the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a conductive element" includes two or more such conductive elements, and the like.

[0016] The use of "optionally," "alternatively," and grammatically related terms means that the subsequently described element, event or circumstance may or may not be present/occur, and that the description includes instances where said element, event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0017] The use of "preferred," "preferably," and grammatically related terms means that a specified element or technique is more acceptable than another, but not that such specified element or technique is a necessity, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0018] The use of "exemplary" means "an example of and is not intended to convey a meaning of an ideal or preferred embodiment, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0019] Words of approximation (e.g., "substantially," "generally"), as used in context of the specification and figures, are intended to take on their ordinary and customary meanings which denote approximation, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0020] The use of "indicia" means any marking, sign, design, color, image, pattern, numeral, letter, symbol, word, picture or the like, including solid colors, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0021] The use of "printed" means adding indicia to a media, including but not limited to ink printing, silk screening, painting, and embossing, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0022] The use of "laminate" means a composite material made from two or more layers or webs of material which have been attached or bonded to one another, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0023] The use of "attached" refers to the fixed, releasable, or integrated association of two or more elements and/or devices, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, the term "attached" includes releasably attaching or fixedly attaching two or more elements and/or devices. [0024] The use of "antimicrobial" means killing, destroying, and/or suppressing or inhibiting the growth, or reproduction, of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast), unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0025] The use of "microbial field disruption" means the indirect antimicrobial effect of a metal on microorganisms, the microorganisms located on a surface of a covering element adjacent the metal or otherwise in located in a zone of inhibition, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0026] The use of "zone of inhibition" means an area that receives antimicrobial effects from a conductive element, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0027] The use of "antimicrobial surface" means a surface within a zone of inhibition, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0028] The use of "bonded sheet" refers to at least one covering element and at least one conductive element bonded together into a sheet material, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0029] It is well known that certain metal touch surfaces have antimicrobial properties, in that microorganisms cannot survive contact with the metal touch surface. Examples include copper-alloy touch surfaces, and other metal surfaces via the oligodynamic effect of metal ions. While such surfaces have antimicrobial properties, it can be advantageous to decrease direct human contact with such metal surfaces. Further, metal surfaces can frequently be non- aesthetically appealing, particularly if they become tarnished. Traditionally it was believed that only the metal surface, and surfaces not covering the metal surface but immediately adjacent to the metal surface, are antimicrobial.

[0030] Described herein is a covered metal surface which has antimicrobial properties. Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate an antimicrobial laminate 10 that has at least one antimicrobial surface 12. The antimicrobial laminate 10 comprises a conductive element 14, and a covering element 16 attached to the conductive element 14. In the antimicrobial laminate 10 illustrated in these figures, the conductive element 14 is attached to or placed upon a substrate 18. In other antimicrobial laminates, a substrate may or may not be present. [0031] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the conductive element 14 comprises a continuous sheet of copper having a first surface 22, a second surface 24, and a thickness 26. The covering element 16 is attached to the first surface 22 of the conductive element 14 and the substrate 18 is attached to the second surface 24 of the conductive element 14. Alternatively, rather than being attached to the first surface of the conductive element, the covering element could be spaced therefrom, with another material, gas, or air therebetween.

[0032] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the thickness 26 is 0.003 inches (0.0762 mm). It is preferred that the conductive element comprise a high conductivity conductor material. The conductive element can comprise a conductive ground surface.

[0033] While the conductive element 14 in this embodiment has been described as formed of copper, the conductive element of an exemplary antimicrobial laminate can be formed of any suitable material. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form a covering element. Example materials considered suitable to form a conductive element include metals, transitions metal with a single free electron, copper (Cu), gold (Ag), silver (Au), aluminum (Al), alloys thereof (e.g., brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc), grapheme, and any other material considered suitable for a particular embodiment. In embodiments in which alloys of the metals described herein are used to form a conductive element, it is preferred that the alloys have comparable conductivities to the metals described herein.

[0034] While the conductive element 14 has been illustrated as a continuous sheet, the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate can comprise any suitable structure. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structure for the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate. For example, in alternative embodiments the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate can comprise a non- continuous sheet or layer, a coating, a layer, one or more strips of conductive elements, or any other structure considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0035] With respect to Figures 1 through 3, while the conductive element 14 has been illustrated and described as having a thickness 26 equal to 0.003 inches (0.0762 mm), the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate can have any suitable thickness. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable thickness for the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form a covering element. Example thicknesses considered suitable for the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate include thicknesses that are greater than, or equal to, 0.7874 microinches (20.0 nm); thicknesses that are greater than, or equal to, about 0.7874 microinches (20.0 nm); and, any other thickness considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0036] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 3, conductive element 14 preferably has an electrical resistivity (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m. However, the conductive element of an antimicrobial laminate can have any suitable electrical resistivity, such as an electrical resistivity of about (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m, and any other electrical resistivity considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0037] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 3, the covering element 16 has a first surface 32, a second surface 34, and a thickness 36. The first surface 32 of the covering element 16 comprises the antimicrobial surface 12.

[0038] The second surface 34 of the covering element 16 is attached to the first surface 22 of the conductive element 14. In this embodiment, the thickness 36 of the covering element 16 is equal to 0.002 inches (0.0508 mm). Alternatively, rather than being attached to the first surface of the conductive element, the covering element could be spaced therefrom.

[0039] Preferably, the covering element 16 is formed of a polymer material, e.g., a polyester material. Optionally, the covering element can comprise a dielectric and/or contain a dielectric material, e.g., a polyester dielectric material. The covering element 16 can be formed of any material that is does not interfere with the antimicrobial effect of the conductive element. The covering element 16 serves as a physical barrier to the conductive element, and also may serve as a visual barrier to the conductive element (an observer can see a decorative surface instead of the conductive element covered by the covering element).

[0040] While the covering element 16 has been described as preferably formed of a polyester dielectric material, the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate can be formed of any suitable material. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form a conductive element. Example materials considered suitable to form a covering element include dielectric materials, plastics, polymers (e.g., vinyl, polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyester, polyethylene (PE), polytetrafiuoroethylene (PTFE) (aka TEFLON®), polystyrene (PS), silicone, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (aka Dacron®), low-chain polymers, latex, rubber, nylon, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyglycolic acid, phenolic materials, melamine, and polyolefms), neoprene rubber, mineral oil, air, and any other material considered suitable for a particular embodiment. The covering element of an antimicrobial laminate can have any suitable structure, such as a sheet, paper, ink, paint, layer, coating, and any other structure considered suitable for a particular application.

[0041] While the covering element 16 illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 has been illustrated and described as having a preferred thickness equal to 0.002 inches (0.0508 mm), the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate can have any suitable thickness. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable thickness for the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form a covering element. Example thicknesses considered suitable for the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate include thicknesses less than or equal to 0.002 inches (0.0508 mm), thicknesses greater than 0.002 inches (0.0508 mm), and any other thickness considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0042] In one exemplary antimicrobial laminate, the conductive element and the covering element together comprise a bonded sheet configured for application to, or placement upon, a substrate. In another exemplary antimicrobial laminate, a covering element is provided on each side of the conductive element. In another exemplary antimicrobial laminate, the conductive element is surrounded by one or more covering elements.

[0043] Alternative to the inclusion of a single covering element 16, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the covering element of an exemplary antimicrobial laminate can comprise multiple (two or more) layers. For example, the covering element of an exemplary antimicrobial laminate could comprise a first covering element attached to, or spaced apart from, a second covering element, such as is illustrated in Figures 5 and 8.

[0044] In another exemplary antimicrobial laminate, the covering element comprises a first covering element attached to a second covering element, wherein the first covering element is formed of a first material and the second covering element is formed of a second material. Alternatively, rather than being attached to the conductive element, the covering element could be spaced therefrom. The first material can be the same as, or different from, the second material. In alternative embodiments, the covering element can comprise greater than two layers. Each individual layer may be comprised of the same material as or a different material than any other individual layer.

[0045] It is preferred that the covering element have a low relative permittivity. For instance, polyester has a relative permittivity (sr) of 3.0.

[0046] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 3, the covering element 16 has a thickness 36 (dsr) of 0.002 inches (0.0508 mm), and the conductive element has a thickness 26 of 0.003 inches (0.0762 mm). If the covering element was polyester (having a relative permittivity (sr) of 3.0), the thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio of the covering element would be:

— < 0.1 inches (2.54 mm).

er

[0047] While such is preferred, some exemplary antimicrobial laminates may have covering elements with a thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio greater than or equal to 0.1 inches (2.54 mm).

[0048] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 3, the covering element 16 is disposed over the entire first surface 22 of the conductive element 14. However, in other exemplary antimicrobial laminates other structural arrangements are considered suitable. For example, the covering element of an antimicrobial laminate can be disposed over a portion of, or at least a portion of, a conductive element such that it partially covers the conductive element.

[0049] In an exemplary antimicrobial laminate, the covering element can be attached to a conductive element using any suitable method of attachment. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method of attachment between a covering element and a conductive element according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form the covering element and/or the conductive element. Example methods of attachment between a covering element and a conductive element considered suitable include, but are not limited to, the use of adhesives, lamination, molding, mechanical attachments, vapor deposition, and co-extrusion. Alternatively, rather than being attached to the conductive element, the covering element could be spaced therefrom. [0050] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 3, the substrate (base element) 18 has a first surface 42. The second surface 24 of the conductive element 14 is configured for attaching to, or otherwise being placed adjacent to, the first surface 42 of the substrate 18.

[0051] The substrate 18 can be formed of any suitable material. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for the substrate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form a conductive element and/or covering element. Example materials considered suitable to form a substrate include wood, wood composites, cellulosic, organic, dielectric materials, plastics, polymers (e.g., vinyl, polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyester, polyethylene (PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (aka TEFLON®), polystyrene (PS)), neoprene rubber, wall surfaces, floor surfaces, ceiling surfaces, furniture surfaces, table tops, hospital beds, monitors, device surfaces, medical device surfaces, and any other material considered suitable for a particular embodiment. The substrate can have any suitable structure, such as a sheet, paper, ink, paint, coating, and any other structure considered suitable for a particular application. While the exemplary antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 is utilized with a substrate, in other exemplary antimicrobial laminates such a substrate may not be present.

[0052] As illustrated in Figure 2, the substrate 18 has a greater thickness 46 than each of the thickness 26 of the conductive element 14 and the thickness 36 of the covering element 16. In other exemplary antimicrobial laminates which include a substrate or are utilized with a substrate, the substrate can have any suitable thickness. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable thickness for the substrate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form the substrate, the material(s) that form the covering element, the material(s) that form the conductive element, or any other relevant consideration. Example thicknesses considered suitable for a substrate include thicknesses that are greater than, less than, equal to, or about equal to, the thickness of a conductive element and/or a covering element, and any other thickness considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0053] In the illustrated embodiment of Figures 1 through 3, the substrate 18 is disposed below the entire second surface 24 of the conductive element 14. In other exemplary antimicrobial laminates, other structural arrangements are considered suitable. For example, the substrate can be disposed below a portion of, or at least a portion of, a conductive element such that it partially covers the conductive element.

[0054] In exemplary antimicrobial laminates where the conductive element attaches to the substrate, the substrate can be attached to the conductive element using any suitable method of attachment, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method of attachment between a substrate and a conductive element according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form the substrate and/or the conductive element. Example methods of attachment between a substrate and a conductive element considered suitable include the use of adhesives, lamination, molding, mechanical fasteners, vapor deposition, and co-extrusion.

[0055] The antimicrobial laminate 10 illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and those described herein, are capable of providing antimicrobial properties. For example, the embodiments described herein facilitate killing bacteria located in a zone of inhibition (e.g., an antimicrobial surface 12) of the antimicrobial laminate without the bacteria contacting the conductive element 14 itself. In other examples, the embodiments described herein facilitate killing bacteria located adjacent to the antimicrobial surface 12 of the antimicrobial laminate without the bacteria contacting the antimicrobial surface 12 itself. Through our testing, the combination of a conductive element formed of a high conductivity conductor material and a covering element having an exposed surface layer formed of a dielectric material, together appears to continually inhibit microbial growth on or adjacent the surface of the covering element via microbial field disruption or other antimicrobial mechanism.

[0056] Testing has shown that (A) increasing the conductivity of the conductive element reduces bacteria and virus counts on the antimicrobial surface, (B) decreasing the conductivity of the conductive element increases bacteria and virus counts on the antimicrobial surface, (C) increasing the thickness of the covering element increases the bacteria and virus count on the antimicrobial surface, and (D) decreasing the thickness of the covering element reduces the bacteria and virus count on the antimicrobial surface.

[0057] Figure 4 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 110 having an antimicrobial surface 112. Antimicrobial laminate 110 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 4 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figures 1, 2, and 3, offset by 100. Thus, antimicrobial laminate 110 comprises a conductive element 114 and a covering element 116. In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 4, the antimicrobial laminate 110 omits the inclusion of a substrate (e.g., substrate 18). However, alternative embodiments can include a substrate or other material attached to the second surface 124 of the conductive element 114. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, covering element 116 is disposed over a portion of the conductive element 114 such that it partially covers conductive element 114.

[0058] Figure 5 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 210. Antimicrobial laminate 210 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 4 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 5 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 4, offset by 100. Thus, antimicrobial laminate 210 comprises a conductive element 214 and a covering element 216. The conductive element 214 comprises a first surface 222.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, antimicrobial laminate includes a plurality of indicia 250 adjacent the first surface 232 of the covering element 216 and a semi-transparent element 252 (e.g., bonded sheet) attached to the first surface 232 of the covering element 216. Each indicium of the plurality of indicia 250 can comprise any suitable form that corresponds to any suitable structural configuration, symbol, value (e.g., numeric value), element, component, device, ornamental figure, and/or any other suitable form considered suitable embodiment. Exemplary indicium of the plurality of indicia 250 can applied to (e.g., printed, embossed) the first surface 232 of the covering element 216 using any suitable technique, such as those described herein. Alternatively, the indicia could be applied to the semi- transparent element, or could be separate from the semi-transparent element and the covering element and held sandwiched therebetween. While each indicium of the plurality of indicia has been illustrated as applied to the first surface 232 of the covering element 216, an indicium, or each indicium of a plurality of indicia, can be applied to, or otherwise exist adjacent to any suitable surface of an antimicrobial laminate, or can be embedded within a suitable layer of the laminate. Skilled artisans will be able to select a location to apply an indicium, or a plurality of indicia, on, in, to, or adjacent to an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the form of the indicium, or the plurality of indicia.

[0060] While a plurality of indicia 250 have been illustrated as printed on the first surface 232 of the covering element 216, an antimicrobial laminate can include any suitable number of indicia printed on any suitable surface. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of indicia to include on an antimicrobial laminate and a suitable surface to print an indicium, or a plurality or indicia, according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate. Example number of indicia considered suitable to include on an antimicrobial laminate include one, at least one, two, a plurality, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and any other number considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Example surfaces considered suitable to print an indicium, or a plurality of indicia, include on the first and/or second surface of a conductive element, covering element, substrate, semi-transparent element, and any other suitable considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0061] In the illustrated embodiment, semi-transparent element 252 is formed of a dielectric material, such as those described herein. Semi-transparent element 252 comprises a first surface 254, a second surface 256 and a thickness 258. In the embodiment illustrated, the first surface 254 of the semi-transparent element 252 comprises the antimicrobial surface 212.

[0062] In the embodiment illustrated, semi-transparent element 252 is disposed over the entire first surface 232 of the covering element 216. However, other structural arrangements are considered suitable. For example, the semi-transparent element of an antimicrobial laminate can be disposed over a portion of, or at least a portion of, a covering element such that it partially covers the covering element.

[0063] While a semi-transparent element 252 has been illustrated as attached to the covering element 216, any suitable element having any suitable degree of transparency can be included in an antimicrobial laminate. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable degree of transparency for an element included in an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate. For example, alternative to including a semi-transparent element, an antimicrobial laminate can include an element that is transparent, translucent, and/or opaque.

[0064] Optionally, a substrate can be included in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5. For example, a substrate, such as those described herein, can be attached to the second surface 224 of the conductive element 214. [0065] Figure 6 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 310 having an antimicrobial surface 312. Antimicrobial laminate 310 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 5 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 6 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 5, offset by 100. Thus, antimicrobial laminate 310 comprises a conductive element 314, a plurality of indicia 350, and a semi-transparent element 352.

[0066] In the illustrated embodiment, the antimicrobial laminate 310 omits the inclusion of a covering element (e.g., covering element 216). In addition, each indicium of the plurality of indicia 350 are printed on the first surface 354 of the semi-transparent element 352 and the second surface 356 of the semi-transparent element 352 is attached to the conductive element 314. Effectively, the transparent element 352 serves as a covering element.

[0067] In the embodiment illustrated, semi-transparent element 352 is disposed over the entire first surface 322 of the conductive element 314. However, other structural arrangements are considered suitable. For example, the semi-transparent element of an antimicrobial laminate can be disposed over a portion of, or at least a portion of, a conductive element such that it partially covers the conductive element.

[0068] Optionally, a substrate can be included in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6. For example, a substrate, such as those described herein, can be attached to the second surface 324 of the conductive element 314.

[0069] Figure 7 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 410. Antimicrobial laminate 410 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 6 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 7 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 6, offset by 100. Thus, antimicrobial laminate 410 comprises a conductive element 414 and a plurality of indicia 450.

[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, alternative to including a semi-transparent element (e.g., semi-transparent element 352), antimicrobial laminate 410 includes a paper element 460 attached to the conductive element 414. The paper element 460 comprises a first surface 462, a second surface 464, and a thickness 468. In the embodiment illustrated, each indicium of the plurality of indicia 450 is printed on the first surface 462 of the paper element 460 and the second surface 464 of the paper element 460 is attached to the conductive element 414. The paper element 460 can be formed of any suitable material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for a paper element included in an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate.

[0071] In the illustrated embodiment, the paper element 460 is impregnated with a plastic resin such that the first surface 462 of the paper element 460 acts as the antimicrobial surface 412 of the antimicrobial laminate 410. For example, paper element 460 is formed such that it acts as a covering element (e.g., covering element 16). While paper element 460 has been illustrated and described as being impregnated with a plastic resin, the paper element of an antimicrobial laminate can be impregnated with any suitable material. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material to impregnate into a paper element according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) that form the paper element. Example materials considered suitable to impregnate into a paper element include plastics, dielectric materials, and any other material considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Optionally, a substrate can be included in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 7. For example, a substrate, such as those described herein, can be attached to the second surface 424 of the conductive element 414.

[0072] Figure 8 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 510. Antimicrobial laminate 510 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 7 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 8 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 7, offset by 100. Thus, antimicrobial laminate 510 comprises a conductive element 514 and a paper element 560.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiment, the antimicrobial laminate omits the inclusion of a plurality of indicia (e.g., plurality of indicia 450) and includes a semi-transparent element 552 attached to the first surface 562 of the paper element 560. The semi-transparent element 552 has a first surface 554, a second surface 556, and a thickness 558. In the embodiment illustrated, the first surface 554 of the semi-transparent element 552 comprises the antimicrobial surface 512 and the second surface 556 of the semi-transparent element 552 is attached to the first surface 562 of the paper element.

[0074] Semi-transparent element 552 is disposed over the entire first surface 562 of the paper element 560. However, other structural arrangements are considered suitable. For example, the semi-transparent element of an antimicrobial laminate can be disposed over a portion of, or at least a portion of, a paper element such that it partially covers the paper element.

[0075] Figure 9 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 610. Antimicrobial laminate 610 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 8 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 9 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 8, offset by 100. Antimicrobial laminate 610 comprises a conductive element 614, a first covering element 616 and a second covering element 617.

[0076] In the illustrated embodiment, the first covering element 616 has a first surface 632 and a second surface 634; the second covering element 617 has a first surface 633 and a second surface 635; and the conductive element 614 has a first surface 622 and a second surface 624. In the embodiment illustrated, the first surface 632 of the first covering element 616 comprises the antimicrobial surface 612 and the second surface 634 of the first covering element 616 is attached to the first surface 622 of the conductive element 614. Further, the first surface 633 of the second covering element 617 attaches to the second surface 624 of the conductive element 614, and the second surface 635 of the second covering element 617 comprises a second antimicrobial surface 613, or can be attached to a substrate.

[0077] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 9, the antimicrobial laminate 610 omits the inclusion of a substrate (e.g., substrate 18). However, alternative embodiments can include a substrate or other material attached to the second surface 635 of the second covering element 617.

[0078] Figure 10 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 710. Antimicrobial laminate 710 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 8 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 10 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 8, offset by 100. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary wound care product comprising the antimicrobial laminate 710. The exemplary wound care product comprises an adhesive bandage 701. The adhesive bandage 701 comprises a flexible adhesive-coated backing 790, a conductive element 714, and a covering element 716. The covering element 716 covers the entire conductive element 714. The adhesive bandage 701 can further comprise an absorbent pad 775. Preferably, the zone of inhibition extends to include one or more portions of the adhesive bandage 701 adjacent a wound. [0079] There are many types of wounds that can damage the skin including abrasions, lacerations, ruptures, punctures, and penetrating wounds. Many wounds are superficial requiring local first aid including cleansing and dressing. Conversely, some wounds are deeper and need medical attention to prevent infection and loss of function, due to damage to underlying structures like bone, muscle, tendon, arteries and nerves. The purpose of medical care for wounds is to prevent complications and preserve function. Example wounds in addition to the above-mentioned wounds include, but are not limited to, injuries, lesions, rashes, or burns.

[0080] Figure 11 illustrates another exemplary antimicrobial laminate 810. Antimicrobial laminate 810 is similar to the antimicrobial laminate illustrated in Figure 9 and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in Figure 11 refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in Figure 9, offset by 200. Antimicrobial laminate 810 comprises a conductive element 814, a first covering element 816, a second covering element 817, and a substrate 818.

[0081] In the illustrated embodiment, the first covering element 816 has a first surface 832 and a second surface 834; the second covering element 817 has a first surface 833 and a second surface 835; the first conductive element 814 has a first surface 822 and a second surface 824; the second conductive element 814' has a first surface 822' and a second surface 824'; and the substrate has a first surface 842 and a second surface 842'. In the embodiment illustrated, the first surface 832 of the first covering element 816 comprises the antimicrobial surface 812 and the second surface 834 of the first covering element 816 is attached to the first surface 822 of the first conductive element 814. Further, the second surface 824 of the first conductive element 814 is attached to the first surface 842 of the substrate 818. Additionally, the second surface 842' of the substrate 818 is attached to the first surface 822' of the second conductive element 814' and the second surface 824' of the second conductive element 814' attaches to the first surface 833 of the second covering element 817. The second surface 835 of the second covering element 817 comprises a second antimicrobial surface 813.

[0082] In a first example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises a conductive element, and a covering element. The conductive element comprises a high conductivity conductor, and the covering element comprises a dielectric material. The covering element further has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface. The conductive element has an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts on the dielectric material of the covering element which results in the continual disinfection of the surface, thereby creating an antimicrobial surface, by microbial field disruption or another mechanism.

[0083] Optionally, the antimicrobial laminate comprises one or more of the features of this paragraph: the conductive element has an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m, the covering element has a thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio less than or equal to 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), the conductive element comprises copper, the covering element is formed of a polyester material, a semi-transparent sheet attached to the covering element, one or more indicia printed on the covering element, the covering element covers an entire surface of the conductive element, and the conductive element has a thickness that is greater than or equal to 0.003 inches. Optionally, the conductive element has an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m, and the conductive element comprises copper. Optionally, the conductive element has an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m, and the covering element has a thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio less than or equal to 0.1 inches (2.54 mm). Further optionally, the conductive element comprises copper. Further optionally, the covering element is formed of a polyester material.

[0084] In a second example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^"7 Ω-m or another antimicrobially effective value. The covering element comprising a dielectric material, and the covering element having a thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio less than or equal to 0.1 inches (2.54 mm). Further, within the laminate, the covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism.

[0085] Optionally, the antimicrobial laminate comprises one or more of the features of this paragraph: the conductive element comprises copper, the covering element is formed of a polyester material, and the covering element covers an entire surface of the conductive element. [0086] In a third example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises an elastic bandage, a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m (or another antimicrobially effective value), and a covering element, comprising a dielectric material, for covering the conductive element. Additionally, the elastic bandage comprises a flexible housing to wrap around a desired body part in order to create localized pressure. Within the bandage, the covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism.

[0087] In a fourth example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises a medical dressing, a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m (or another antimicrobially effective value), and a covering element, comprising a dielectric material, for covering the conductive element. Additionally, the medical dressing comprises a fibrous material to absorb fluid from a wound or to apply medication to a local area. The fibrous material is capable of promoting healing and preventing further injury. Within the fibrous material, the covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism.

[0088] In a fifth example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises a bed sheet, a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m (or another antimicrobially effective value), and a covering element, comprising a dielectric material, for covering the conductive element. Additionally, the bed sheet is generally rectangular in shape, having a top edge, bottom edge, first side, and second side, and extends atop a mattress. Within the bed sheet, the covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism. [0089] In a sixth example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises a garment, a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m (or another antimicrobially effective value), and a covering element, comprising a dielectric material, for covering the conductive element. Additionally, the garment comprises a front and rear panel, a first sleeve connected to adjacent upper side edges of both of panels, and a second sleeve secured to the upper portion of the free side edge of the rear panel. Each panel is secured to each other along portions of their adjacent side edges below each sleeve. Further, the garment comprises connecting means for joining the edge portions of each side panel together. Within the garment, the covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism.

[0090] In a seventh example of an antimicrobial laminate, the antimicrobial laminate comprises an orthotic device, a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m (or another antimicrobially effective value), and a covering element, comprising a dielectric material, for covering the conductive element. The covering element has surface which in the antimicrobial laminate becomes an antimicrobial surface, in that the conductive element comprises an electric field which polarizes the dielectric material or otherwise acts upon the dielectric material of the covering element resulting in continual disinfection of the antimicrobial surface by microbial field disruption or other mechanism.

[0091] Optionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary wound care product omits the inclusion of an adhesive bandage. The exemplary wound care product instead comprises a biologically inert covering attached via a Velcro strap, elastic bandage, or other such covering. The biologically inert covering comprises a flexible adhesive-coated backing, a conductive element, and a covering element. The covering element covers the entire conductive element. Optionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary wound care product omits the inclusion of an adhesive bandage. The exemplary wound care product instead comprises a bed covering attached to a bed via an elastic band. The bed covering comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The covering element covers the entire conductive element. Optionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary wound care product omits the inclusion of an adhesive bandage. The exemplary wound care product instead comprises blanket laid upon an individual. The blanket comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The covering element covers the entire conductive element. Optionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary wound care product omits the inclusion of an adhesive bandage. The exemplary wound care product instead comprises a therapeutic clothing item. Such therapeutic clothing item could be, but is not limited to, hospital gowns or robes. The therapeutic clothing item comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The covering element covers the entire conductive element. Optionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary wound care product omits the inclusion of an adhesive bandage. The exemplary wound care product is instead incorporated into structured device such as a splint, cast, or sling. In any use, the structured device comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The covering element covers the entire conductive element.

[0092] One exemplary method of the present invention is a method of killing and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms through the use of an antimicrobial laminate. The method comprises the steps of: providing a conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor; providing a covering element having an antimicrobial surface, the covering element comprising a dielectric material; and attaching at least a portion of the covering element to the conductive element.

[0093] Optionally, the antimicrobial laminate of the exemplary method could comprise one or more of the features of this paragraph: the conductive element has an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10 ^~7 Ω-m, the covering element has a thickness-to-relative permittivity ratio less than or equal to 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), the dielectric material is formed of a polyester material, and the conductive element comprises copper.

[0094] Another exemplary antimicrobial laminate comprises a highly conductive metal substrate covered with a substantially non-transparent, substantially non-conductive layer or layers that form a physical and visual isolation barrier to the highly conductive metal substrate.

[0095] Another exemplary antimicrobial laminate comprises an antimicrobial wound care product for treatment of a wound on a body. The antimicrobial wound care product comprising: a wound care component comprising a conductive element, a covering element, and a holding portion. The conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor. The conductive element has an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10-7 Ω-m. The covering element is for covering the conductive element. The wound care component is configured for contacting the wound. The holding portion is for holding the wound care component in contact with the wound. Optionally, the antimicrobial would care product could further comprise a medical dressing or other absorbent material. Exemplary holding portions include, but are not limited to adhesives, adhesive tape, and stretch wrap. A skilled artisan will be able to select an appropriate structure and material for the holding portion in a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the wound care product, the intended arena within which the wound care product will be used, and the equipment and/or accessories with which the wound care product is intended to be used, among other considerations.

[0096] Another exemplary antimicrobial laminate comprises an antimicrobial wound care product for treatment of a wound on a body. The antimicrobial wound care product comprises a conductive element and a covering element. The conductive element comprising a high conductivity conductor having an electrical resistivity of (p) < 3.0 X 10-7 Ω-m. The covering element for covering the conductive element. The wound care component configured for contacting the wound.

[0097] While the exemplary antimicrobial laminates illustrated in the figures are illustrated as planar laminates, in other exemplary antimicrobial laminates the laminates can be contoured or have other shapes or forms. Further, an exemplary antimicrobial laminate can be rigid or flexible. A skilled artisan will be able to select an appropriate shape, form, rigidity, and/or flexibility for an exemplary antimicrobial laminate in a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate, the intended arena within which the antimicrobial laminate will be used, and the equipment and/or accessories with which the antimicrobial laminate is intended to be used, among other considerations.

[0098] An exemplary antimicrobial laminate can be used for any suitable purpose and in any suitable setting. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable use and/or setting for an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the material(s) forming the antimicrobial laminate. For example, an antimicrobial laminate can comprise a covering for a surface (e.g., a wall surface, a floor surface, a countertop, a furniture surface, a fixture surface, a component surface). Another example use for an antimicrobial laminate comprises using the antimicrobial laminate in a wound care product. Another example use for an antimicrobial laminate comprises using the antimicrobial laminate as a device for sterilizing a surface. While particular example uses and/or setting have been described for an antimicrobial laminate, these examples are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all possible uses or settings considered suitable for an antimicrobial laminate.

[0099] Any of the elements described herein (e.g., conductive element, covering element, semi-transparent element, paper element, substrate) can have any suitable structure and be formed of any suitable material considered suitable to achieve an antimicrobial laminate, such as those described herein. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structure for one or more elements included in an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the antimicrobial laminate, the intended arena within which the antimicrobial laminate will be used, and the equipment and/or accessories with which the antimicrobial laminate is intended to be used, among other considerations.

[0100] Any of the antimicrobial laminates described herein can be disposed on the surface of, or within the body of, any other object, feature, or structure, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable object, feature, or structure to include an antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the intended use of the object, feature, or structure, the intended arena within which the object, feature, or structure will be used, among other considerations.

[0101] In addition to the materials described herein, any of the elements described herein can be formed of any suitable material hereinafter discovered and/or developed that is determined to be suitable for use in exemplary antimicrobial laminates. It is noted that all structure and features of the various described and illustrated embodiments can be combined in any suitable configuration for inclusion in an exemplary antimicrobial laminate according to a particular embodiment. For example, an exemplary antimicrobial laminate according a particular embodiment can include neither, one, or both of a substrate and the indicia described above. The foregoing detailed description provides exemplary embodiments of the invention and includes the best mode for practicing the invention. The description and illustration of these embodiments is intended only to provide examples of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, or its protection, in any manner.