This application claims priority from GB2111038.2 filed 30 July 2021 , the contents and elements of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes. This application also claims priority from GB2202416.0 filed 22 February 2022, the contents and elements of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes.

FIELD

The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting a change in a lock or latch state, and reporting this state to a remote user.

BACKGROUND

Burglary is an ongoing issue for property residents. It is estimated that around 25- 30% of unlawful entry to a property is non-break entry, where the resident has forgotten or overlooked locking their doors or windows, allowing an intruder easy access to the property without having to force entry.

Current solutions to this problem usually require replacing the existing lock with an integral smart lock that allows a user to check the status of the lock remotely. This requires a user to go to the expense and trouble of uninstalling the existing lock, and to then install the new, integral, smart lock or replace the entire door.

WO 2019/077366 describes and shows a locking system that comprises a sensed element or elements that are integral with a lock, the sensed element(s) generating a magnetic field, the locking system having a sensing mechanism configured to sense the magnetic field, and a processor configured to receive output signals from the sensing mechanism and to determine one or more lock statuses based on the output signals of the sensing mechanism. The system can be used to determine the lock status, such as for example if a key has been left in the lock, if the lock is locked/unlocked, and/or which key of a set of keys has been in the lock.

In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. SUMMARY

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for detecting a change in a lock or latch state and reporting the lock or latch state to a remote user which goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages or which at least provides the public or industry with a useful choice.

The term “comprising” as used in this specification and indicative independent claims means “consisting at least in part of”. When interpreting each statement in this specification and indicative independent claims that includes the term “comprising”, features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprises” are to be interpreted in the same manner.

As used herein the term “and/or” means “and” or “or”, or both.

As used herein “(s)” following a noun means the plural and/or singular forms of the noun.

Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention may broadly be said to consist in an apparatus for detecting a change in lock state, comprising: a casing having a key aperture, the casing configured to connect on or close to a lock with the key aperture around or adjacent to the key hole so that a key can be inserted in the lock and turned as in normal operation; at least one sensor contained within the casing, the sensor or sensors configured to trigger as a key is turned in the lock; a control means contained within the casing, the control means configured to receive trigger signals from the sensor or sensors, and to assess from the signals if the lock has changed state; a transceiver configured to communicate the lock state to an external network; the control means configured so that it is only active when trigger signals are received.

In an embodiment, the at least one sensor comprises a magnetic sensor or sensors, the apparatus further comprising at least one magnetic element configured for association with a key, the magnetic element configured to connect to the key so as to trigger the sensors when the key is turned in the lock.

In an embodiment, the sensors are further configured to activate only when triggered by a key turn.

In an embodiment, the sensors comprise reed switches. In an embodiment, the sensors are arranged so as to be positioned around the lock in use.

In an embodiment, the sensors are spaced at substantially equidistant intervals.

In an embodiment, the sensors are positioned in a substantially square shape, the midpoint of a sensor and the midpoint of that side of the square substantially coincident.

In an embodiment, the sensors are positioned so that at least one trigger event is associated with the key moving through the locking/unlocking zone of the lock.

In an embodiment, the sensors are configured so that in use either or both of a single sensor is triggered multiple times and/or multiple sensors are triggered as the key is turned in the lock, the control means returning to a low-power sleep mode between each trigger event.

In an embodiment, the control means is configured to register the sequence in which sensor trigger events occur.

In an embodiment, the control means is configured to compare the sequence in use to a known lock/unlock sequence, and to only change the lock status if the sequence in use and the known lock/unlock sequence substantially match.

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a rotating disc mounted within the casing so a key inserted into the lock and rotated will rotate the disc, the magnetic sensor or sensors mounted on the disc.

In an embodiment, the at least one sensor comprises a vibration sensor, the control means configured to receive trigger signals from the sensor or sensors, and to compare these to training data that is used to identify operations through the recognition of vibration patterns.

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a sensor configured to receive an indication of use, the sensor and control means configured to trigger activation of the apparatus.

In an embodiment, the at least one sensor comprises a series of static contacts and a moving contact, the moving contact moving with movement of a key to connect with the static contacts.

In an embodiment, the moving contact is mounted on a rotating disc. In an embodiment, the transceiver is configured to transmit and receive on a frequency of substantially one or more of 868MHz; 915MHz; 433MHz; 2.4Ghz; 5Ghz.

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a visual indicator configured to display the lock status to a user.

In an embodiment, the visual indicator comprises an LED.

In an embodiment, the LED comprises a plurality of LEDs placed at substantially equal intervals around the sensors and configured so as to allow the user to see in which position the locking zone of the lock is set during intial setup.

In an embodiment, the casing has a rear face, the rear face having a groove configured for aligning the casing to locks with protruding cylinder type barrels.

In an embodiment, the rear face of the casing further comprises indents configured to in use contain double-sided sticky tape or similar, the indents configured to allow the tape to sit substantially flush with the rear face of the casing.

In a second aspect, the apparatus may be broadly said to consist in an apparatus for detecting a change in window lock state, comprising: a casing configured to connect to the static frame or moving window portion of a window, on or close to a window lock, latch or handle; a magnet configured to connect to the other of the static or moving portion, substantially adjacent to the casing; at least one sensor contained within the casing, the sensor or sensors configured to trigger when there is relative movement between the casing and the at least one magnet; a control means contained within the casing, the control means configured to receive trigger signals from the sensor or sensors, and to assess from the signals if the lock has changed state; a transceiver configured to communicate the lock state to an external network; the control means configured so that it is only active when trigger signals are received.

In an embodiment, the at least one sensor comprises a magnetic sensor or sensors.

In an embodiment, the sensor or sensors comprise a reed switch or switches.

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a handle/latch magnet configured to locate onto the handle or latch of the window and move with the handle or latch, the sensors in the casing configured so that movement of the handle/latch magnet triggers the sensor or sensors.

In an embodiment, the transceiver is configured to transmit and receive on a frequency of substantially one or more of 868MHz; 915MHz; 433MHz; 2.4Ghz; 5Ghz. In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a visual indicator displaying the lock status to a user.

With respect to the above description then, it is to be realised that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.

This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings which show an embodiment of the device by way of example, and in which:

Figure 1a shows a perspective view from one side of an apparatus for detecting a change in door lock state according to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus shown fitted to a door lock.

Figure 1b shows a perspective view of an alternative form of an apparatus.

Figure 1c shows a perspective view of an embodiment of apparatus, the casing in this embodiment having a groove configured for aligning the casing to euro cylinder type barrels that protrude from a door handle, and indented cavities for double-sided tape or similar for attaching the apparatus to a door lock.

Figures 1d and 1e show front and rear perspective views respectively of a door lock of the type that has a built-in bulge that surrounds the protruding barrel in order to protect the barrel, the space within the bulge in this embodiment used to contain the internal parts of the apparatus of this embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1f shows a perspective view of an embodiment of spacer that can be used when the lock barrel protruding from handle plate is larger than that allowed by groove of the embodiment shown in figure 1c.

Figure 1g shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the embodiment of figure 1c where the lock barrel and handle plate are flush with each other, allowing for the casing to have a lower profile near or over the barrel, allowing for keys with very small shoulder length.

Figure 2a shows a perspective exploded view of the device of figure 1 from the same angle as figure 1.

Figure 2b shows an alternative form of the apparatus, the faceplate of the apparatus in this embodiment having a central aperture surrounded by an LED that provides a visual indicator of the door lock status.

Figure 3a shows a typical key, fitted with magnetic elements, that interact with that part of the apparatus fitted to the door lock.

Figure 3b shows examples of other types of key suitable for use with embodiments of the apparatus, such as the embodiment shown in figure 1, the magnetic elements either contained within a separate casing as in figure 3a, or contained in cut-out portions of the body of the key itself.

Figure 4a shows a front face view of a known type of door lock with the barrel aligned so that the key slot is horizontal

Figure 4b shows a schematic face view of the internal elements of the embodiment of apparatus of figures 1 and 2, with a key as shown in figure 3 located passing through a central aperture of the apparatus, the key oriented in the same manner as the schematic lock of the figure 4a.

Figure 4c shows part of the view of the internal elements of figure 4b, from the same angle as figure 4b, with areas of magnetic influence that extend from the magnetic elements on the key shown extending.

Figure 4d shows a schematic face view of an alternative form of the internal elements of the apparatus, the sensor elements offset and suitable for use with a lock where the key turn around a more centralised axis. Figure 5 shows a schematic view of the elements that make up the apparatus, connecting to an external detector module.

Figure 6 shows a schematic of a first network mode by which the device connects to a wider network.

Figure 7 shows a schematic of a second network mode by which the device connects to a network.

Figure 8a shows a schematic diagram of the steps required for an embodiment of the apparatus that uses vibration detectors to go through for an initial setup process where the user generates a “training data” dataset by performing a number of “lock”, “unlocked”, “insert key”, “remove key”, “door open” and “door closed”operations once the detector is in place.

Figure 8b shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the apparatus that uses vibration detectors, the apparatus having a PCB enclosed within a casing.

Figure 8c shows detail of the the PCB of the apparatus shown in 8b.

Figure 9a shows a perspective side view of a casement window fitted with an embodiment or variation of the apparatus that can be used to detect if the window is in a latched/unlatched state, and if the window is open or closed.

Figure 9b shows a close-up of the window latch and frame of figure 9a fitted with the apparatus of figure 9a.

Figure 9c shows a perspective side view of a sash window fitted with an embodiment or variation of the apparatus that can be used to detect if the window is in a latched/unlatched state, and if the window is open or closed.

Figure 9d shows a close-up of the window latch and frame of figure 9c fitted with the apparatus of figure 9c.

Figure 9e shows a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus that is fitted to the windows of figures 9a to 9d.

Figure 9f shows a plan or face view of the embodiment of the apparatus that is fitted to the windows of figures 9a to 9d.

Figure 10a shows a perspective view of the apparatus of figure 1c mounted on a door, with a separate magnet mounted on the door frame to allow for the triggering of open/closed functionality. Figure 10b shows an exploded view of the apparatus of figures 1 c and 10a, showing detail of a PCB that forms part of the apparatus.

Figure 10c shows a close-up perspective detail view of the PCB of figure 10c.

Figure 10d shows a perspective rear view of the PCB of figure 10c.

Figure 11a shows a perspective exploded view of an embodiment of the apparatus that comprises a rotary disc with a slot for the key, which is is used to monitor the movement of the key and determine a lock/unlock state.

Figure 11b shows a perspective cross section view of the apparatus of figure 11a showing how the disc attaches to a PCB that forms part of this embodiment.

Figure 11c shows a perspective rear view of the rotary disc.

Figure 12a shows a perspective view from one side of an embodiment of apparatus for detecting a change in door lock state combined with a thumb turn knob , the apparatus shown fitted to a door lock.

Figure 12b shows a close up perspective view of the apparatus of figure 12a showing the placement of a used to interact with the separate part of the apparatus shown in figure 12a.

Figure 12c shows a perspective exploded view of the apparatus shown in figure 12a showing position of reed switches 1502.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the invention, and variations thereof, will now be described in detail with reference to the figures.

Door Detection Apparatus - General Structure

The apparatus of the present invention can be made so that a particular embodiment is sized and shaped for retrofitting to existing locks of different types and sizes, and can be easily installed without particular training or professional assistance and without the requirement to remove or replace the existing lock. The apparatus is self- contained, with its own internal power supply (battery), and can transmit its status over large distances without the need for connection to any local infrastructure. The apparatus is capable of operation for long periods without the need to remove and change the battery. The embodiment(s) described below are particularly suited for fitting over any lock with a euro cylinder, oval cylinder or mortise type lock, and the apparatus detects the turning of a key in the lock and reports this to the user.

However, it should be noted that the apparatus only requires a change in casing for use with padlocks, deadbolts, knob locks, lever landle locks, cam locks, rim locks, wall mounted locks, etc,

First Embodiment of Door Detection Apparatus

A particular embodiment of apparatus 100 is shown in figure 1a. The apparatus 100 in this embodiment is configured (that is, sized and shaped, in this case) as a door detector module, for use with a door lock 101 that has a handle/lock plate 105 that sits against a surface of the door 1 to which the lock 101 is fitted.

The apparatus 100 comprises a casing 106 that is configured to fit onto the door surface, around and over the lock plate 105, and the key aperture of the door lock 101. A magnet 107 is fitted on doorframe 108.

In other embodiment, the apparatus could fit over the top of the lock plate only, or similar arrangements.

Casing

The casing 106 is configured to be fitted on and around an existing door lock, and to contain detection and operation elements as described in detail below.

The casing 106 comprises three main parts: front plate 501; plastic hood 502, and; back plate 503, as shown in the exploded view of figure 2.

The front plate 501 forms the front, outer part of the apparatus. In the preferred embodiment this is made of ABS plastic. However, in alternative embodiments, other materials could be used, such as for example ferrous metals that prevent external tampering with magnets, from outside of the casing.

The back plate 503 is similarly sized to the front plate 501. The front and back plates 501 , 503 snap together in use.

The front and back plates 501, 503 contain apertures 550a, 550b, configured so that a user can fit a key through the aperture to pass fully through the apparatus 100 and into the key aperture of the door lock 101 underneath/behind the front face of the casing. Once inserted, a user can turn the key in a similar manner to how they would without the apparatus 100 present, and without significant additional inconvenience. The casing 106 can be held in place on the door/lock plate by double-sided sticky- tape strips, or similar. Alternatively, for a more permanent fix, the casing 106 can be screwed to the door. The casing 106 can also be mounted by means of a clamping action onto the plate 105 or adhered directly to the plate 105. The casing 106 is configured so that it sits snugly against the door surface and/or lock plate surface. Holes or gaps are formed at the bottom of the casing 106 to allow any moisture that does collect in the casing 106 to flow out.

Hood 502 snap-fits to the top of the front and back plates 501 , 503, to form a water tight cap for the casing 106. An RGB LED 405 is positioned under the hood 502.

The LED 405 is positioned so that it can be easily seen by a user, and is configured to provide a visual indication of the status of the lock, changing colour depending on the status of the lock (e.g. green for unlocked and red for locked). In other embodiments, the LED could be positioned in other locations as required, such as for example in a ring around the central aperture.

The internal part of the apparatus 100 is sandwiched between the front and back plates 501, 503. A PCB 505 is contained in the space between the front and back plates 501, 503, with electronic components mounted on the PCB as required. An aperture 550c is formed through the PCB, positioned so that a key passing through apertures 550a, 550b, will also pass through the PCB (via aperture 550c) into the lock.

In the preferred embodiment, the electronic components mounted on the PCB 505 include a microcontroller 401 , a transceiver 402, a battery/batteries 403, and a Low Power Circuit 404.

The microcontroller 401 connects to and controls or senses all the other components mounted on the board, and is pre-programmed with control software, the function of which will be described in detail below. The transceiver 402 is in the preferred embodiment a LoRa compatible radio that can operate in two modes (‘network modes I and IG as described below) or another radio capable of operating in a single mode only (‘network mode IG as described below). The transceiver will be set to the legally-allowed frequency for the particular region of use (e.g. 868MHz in Europe, 915MHz in the US, 433MHz in China), or other suitable frequencies such as 2.4Ghz; 5Ghz.

The battery 403 is preferably a coin cell battery, in order to keep the profile of the apparatus low. However, larger ‘cylindrical’ batteries can be used if more power is required. The Low Power Circuit 404 is used to provide a “step down” voltage circuit when two coin cell batteries are used (as shown in figure 2) and a “step up” voltage circuit is required when a cylindrical battery or single coin cell battery is used.

The casing 106 also contains an arrangement of magnetic sensors 700, arranged at substantially equal intervals around the aperture 550c in a substantially square shape around the circumference of the aperture 550c (that is, there are four elongate sensors 700a, 700b, 700c, 700d, arranged in two parallel and perpendicular pairs around the aperture 550, the sensors bisected by diameter lines of a circle arranged at right angles to one another). In the preferred embodiment, the magnetic sensors 700 comprise reed switches. The function of these will be described in detail below. Reed switches are preferred for use as the magnetic sensors, as these are reliable and inexpensive, and also will not trip when the magnetic field both intersects the reed, but is not moving - they will only trip as the field moves, relative to the reed switch. For example, in figure 4c, the field 11 is shown intersecting switch 700b, but does not trip the switch in this position until it is moved.

Any other type of suitable magnetic sensor could be used instead of reed switches, such as for example Hall switches.

Additional sensors that could provide other useful information can also be included as required, such as for example a camera, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, RFID and NFC, etc. These will be described in detail below.

Key

A typical key 200 is shown in figure 3. In order to operate with the apparatus 100, the key or keys for that particular lock are fitted with magnetic elements 203, as shown in figure 3. These are fitted so as to allow the key to operate in it’s particular lock without restriction, but so that the magnetic element 203 can be detected easily by the apparatus 100. The magnets/magnetic elements 203 in the embodiment shown in figure 3 are contained within a plastic casing 201 that connects with the body of the key 200, at the shoulder of the key 200.

The casing and magnetic elements can be easily adapted for use with different types of key.

In different embodiments, the magnetic elements could be positioned on different locations on the key (as long as they do not interfere with the normal lock/unlock operation of the key), or integrated with the key. The key could also be fitted with an RFID tag 204 or similar, with the apparatus on the door fitted with an RFID reader 1115 (as shown in the embodiment of figures 8c and 11c, so that the use of a particular key is recorded.

Operation

First embodiment

As outlined above, the magnetic sensors 700 are arranged in a square shape around a central aperture through which a key passes in use.

This arrangement allows the detection of the rotation of keys for eurocylinder and oval type locks where the turning radius from the keys central axis is large.

A detailed view of the arrangement of sensors 700 and other components is shown in figures 4b and 4c. As well as showing the arrangement of the physical components, figure 4b shows a number of ‘key zones’ 5, 6, and 7. These broadly correspond to the position of the key when it is first inserted and is upright in the lock (the zones marked as ‘6’), zones that the key passes through as it is turned (the zones marked as 7’), and a zone where the key engages the lock and moves from an unlocked to a locked state, or vice versa (the zone marked as ‘5’). Every lock has a unique position where the lock engages, and this is shown generally as the zone marked ‘5’.

The key is shown aligned horizontally in the lock in figure 4a. Because of the rotation of the lock and the offset of the key slot in the lock, the key and the magnetic elements are offset towards the right-hand side of the lock in figures 4b and 4c. The alignment of the magnetic field generated by the key’s magnetic elements 203 (shown by the ‘dashed line’ boxes 11 in figure 4c) over distances 8 and 9 means that the magnetic sensors (reed switches) are not triggered. As can be seen in figure 4c, the magnetic fields are offset to the right of the figure due to the position of the key in the lock being to the right (see figure 4a). The magnetic field 11 extends within range of the magnetic sensor 700b to the right, but not within range of sensor 700d to the left. Each of the magnetic fields 11 is of the same extent. However, distance 8 as shown in figures 4b and 4c is greater than distance 9, and greater than the extent of the magnetic field 11. The apparatus 100 is configured so that the magnetic sensors will only trigger when the key is rotated and the magnetic fields pass through the zones marked generally as 7’ in figures 4b and 4c. Therefore, until the key is in motion the microcontroller 401 is in sleep mode, and the power usage/draw from the batteries will be very low even if the key is accidentally left in the lock. A number of ‘trigger zones’ 7a and 7b are also shown in figures 4b and 4c. When the key is stationary in the lock, the apparatus is in ‘sleep mode’, and draws very little power. When the key is turned, the magnetic field passes past some of these trigger zones, which triggers the relevant magnetic sensor, which sends a trigger signal to the microcontroller 401 , which activates to receive the signal, and then immediately return to sleep mode. This return to sleep mode takes place even between trigger points in a single key turn operation, in order to save power in the event of a partial turn. This means that there is no “active” sensing in use, and therefore there is little- to-no power use until the key is turned.

Locking zone 5 is shown in figure 4b and figure 4c. Every lock has a unique position where the lock engages. For the lock of the example embodiment shown, this is the region shown as locking zone 5, which is a 90-degree quadrant. It should be noted that the actual angle can vary, depending on the particular lock with which the invention is being used, and can often be larger than larger than 90 degrees. The user experiences the lock engaging or disengaging as the key passes through this region. The relevant reed switches in this case are reed switches 700a and 700d. During an anti-clockwise turn of the key from the position shown, the magnetic field on the right-hand side of figures 4b and 4c moves past trigger zone 7b of reed switch 700b, and then past trigger zone 7a of reed switch 700a, through the resting zone 6 of reed switch 700a, and then through trigger zone 7b of reed switch 700a as the secondary trigger. The secondary trigger is useful in the case that either or both of the zones 7a (on reed switch 700a) or 7b (on reed switch 700b) have been missed. The magnetic field then passes through zone 7a of reed switch 700d.

The triggering of reed switches 700a and 700d is registered by the microcontroller 401. This information is registered, and stored in the memory of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed so that if zone 7a on reed switch 700d is triggered, directly after either zone 7a or 7b is triggered on reed switch 700a, a locking or unlocking action will be registered. If for any reason this zone is not been triggered then this locking or unlocking action will occur when zone 7b on reed switch 700d is triggered. The sequence of triggered zones is also registered, and based on this, the lock/unlock direction can also be assessed. The device 100 is configured so that a red or green LED (LED 405) will flash as the lock releases. As can be seen, only the exact position of the locking zone is monitored and results in feedback that is in synchronisation with the engagement of the lock. As noted above, only reed switches 700a, and 700d are activated in a normal lock- unlock sequence. Reed switches 700b and 700c are outside of the locking zone. Either of these reed switches are used to detect if the user is spoofing a lock or unlocking action by partially turning the key into the locking zone in one direction and then changing direction and re-entering the locking zone on the opposite side. If these reed switches are triggered, the microcontroller is programmed to register a false locking/unlocking action, and to not change the displayed status of the lock, or the status held in it’s memory.

The advantage of capturing a primary and secondary trigger as explained above increases the reliability of the unit. If for any reason, the unit is misaligned, one of the two zones is sufficient to create a lock and unlock signal, providing the user has not spoofed the action as described above.

As noted above, due to the lock slot of the lock being centrally offset (see figure 4a), even if the key is of the reversible type (i.e. it can be put into the lock and used either way up), distance 8 is sufficiently large between the magnetic field (field 11 on the left-hand side of figure 4) and the trigger zones in reed switch 700d, so as not actuate the reed switch. In the example shown when the key is turned the trigger zones in reed switch 700b are triggered, but not those on reed switch 700d due to distance 8 being greater than distance 9.

As can be seen from the description above, each reed switch 700 has two zones (7a and 7b) which in operation act so that the signals to the microcontroller from the reed switches are sent twice from each switch that the key fully turns past as the key is turned. This has the effect of re-confirming the signal from any given sensor that is triggered. This assists in maintaining operation in the case where the apparatus is out of alignment, or similar.

The lock-unlock zone 5 has been described above. For all mechanical locks, a user will receive haptic feedback on turning the key and as the mechanism engages or disengages - they will ‘feel’ when the door locks and unlocks, and as noted above, this allows the apparatus to be configured so that the LED 405 only lights up on actual engagement or disengagement of the lock.

As noted above, in operation, two reed switches are triggered during operation. However, there are four reed switches in the apparatus 100. Either of the two reed switches which are not triggered during the main operation are triggered if someone attempts to ‘fool’ or ‘spoof the apparatus by first turning the key one way and then the other - e.g. the user moves the key anti-clockwise to trigger reed switch 700a, but then instead of continuing the anti-clockwise turn, reverses direction and moves the key round so as to trigger reed switch 700d, without moving through locking zone 5 (so the status of the lock - either locked or unlocked - remains unchanged). The microcontroller is programmed so that it will register which reed switch has been triggered, and in what order/sequence the activation took place, and since the reed switches will remain passive, but will activate when triggered, if the microcontroller registers either of the other two reed switches being triggered, this can be used to confirm the direction of rotation. This assists with confirming that a lock/unlock action has taken place, and also with preventing spoofing.

Other sensors can be used. Hall effect sensors may be used as an alternative to reed switches.

An alternative form of sensor layout is shown in figure 4d. As can be seen on this figure, the sensors are offset from the horizontal and vertical bisection lines of the lock. This arrangement is suitable for locks where the key turns more centrally within the lock, and therefore the magnetic fields are not so far offset from the central turn axis of the lock. As can be seen, zone 7b on the left-hand sensor/reed switch is extended into a larger zone, in order to better detect the magnetic field of the key, as the key turns. Operation of this embodiment of the apparatus is substantially similar to that described in detail for the other embodiments.

Setting locking zone

The position of the lock-unlock zone 5, as described above, and the direction of the lock/unlock operation is set using button 1116 as shown in figure 11 d. When a user pushes the button 1116, each locking zone illuminates in sequence with each push, shown by illumination of the respective LED 405. Each time the sequence retuns to the start point, the LED colour changes from RED to GREEN and vice-versa to set the correct direction.

Connection to a Network

The device 100 connects in use to a network as outlined below.

Transceiver 402 allows point-to-point exchanges of raw packets to another similar transceiver, external to the device. In the preferred embodiment, as described above, the transceiver 402 is a LoRa compatible radio that enables LoRaWAN - the exchange of messages managed by a software library contained within the microcontroller 401. In use, the microcontroller 401 implements the LoRaWAN protocol and allows the apparatus 100 to be registered to a LoRaWAN service offered by 3 ^rd -party providers, such as for example The Things Network’, or The Helium Network’.

The preferred embodiment of the detector uses one of two network transmission modes - ‘network mode G, or ‘network mode II’, as described in detail below.

Network Mode I:

The elements that make up the apparatus 100 are shown schematically in figure 5.

As shown in figure 5, and as described above, the transceiver 402 enables communication with an external network. Detector modules 1000 that form part of the external network detect and register the apparatus 100 as it is turned/powered on. The apparatus 100 broadcasts a unique ‘signature’ that allows it to be identified.

Figure 6 shows the larger network, schematically. The apparatus 100 connects independently to a gateway 601, via the transceiver 402, and any signal is then relayed on to the wider internet 602. A user can check the status of the lock remotely by logging in via a console (e.g. the software of the ‘console’ connecting to an app such as app 650 on their phone that provides an interface) that allows access to the network, such as console 603.

In embodiments, the console 603 can be further adapted so that commands can be sent back. For example, configuration settings for the detector, or linking information to, for example, a voice assistant 651, which will be able to answer questions such as: s my home secure?" with typical responses such as “You are safe and secure in your home", or “The front door has been open since 2PM", or “The front door has been open since 2PM, and the back door has been open since 2PM".

Network Mode II

In this mode, when the apparatus 100 is activated, detector modules 1000 that form part of the external network detect and register the apparatus 100 as it is turned/powered on. The apparatus 100 broadcasts a unique ‘signature’ that allows it to be identified. The detector modules 1000 in this variation go through a pairing process with a Local Display Module 700, which associates each detector module 1000 with a physical entity such as a door. Subsequently each detector module 1000 will independently send raw packet signal data to the associated Local Display Module 700, which will recognise the message and update the state of the relevant door. The unit has a local connection to WiFi AP 701. Through this connection to the internet, the user can configure the device to similarly access the services described above for network mode I, by either directly communicating with the service or through a proprietary server which manages interaction with these services.

When in network mode II an FSK based transmitter such as the Hope RFM69 can replace the LoRa module 750 on the Detector Module, or alternatively for either network mode any other similar technology such as Sigfox or Narrow Band loT may be used for wireless communication.

A device as outlined above has the advantage that it will not draw power (or will have low power draw) when the key is stationary or not present. The device also requires no calibration, as long as it is positioned so that the reed switches will activate when the key is turned.

Operation - Alternative Embodiments

In a variation of the embodiment above, and as shown in figures 10a - 10c, reed switches 1111 can be added to a side or sides of the PCB 1105. The reed switches can be used to determine if the door is open or closed, by interaction with, for example, magnet 107 on doorframe 108.

In a further variation, a hall effect sensor or magnetometer 1114 can be added near the aperture 1150d of the PCB 1105, which can be used to determine if the key has been left in the lock by interaction with a magnet or magnets 203. Magnets 203 can further be varied in strength to allow the sensor to use the strength of the magnetic field to determine the identity of the key (as an alternative to using RFID, described below).

In a further variation, an accelerometer or gyroscope sensor 1112 can be added on the PCB 1105 which can be used to determine if the door or windows has been swung and to what degree.

In a further variation, a temperature sensor 1113 can be added on the PCB 1105, so that when in place this sits close to or on top of the lock barrel (e.g. lock barrel 302 as shown in figure 4a). The temperature sensor 1113 which can be used to take a temperature reading.

In a further variation, an RFID reader 1115 can be added on the PCB 1105 which can be used to determine the identify of the key, by interaction with e.g. RFID reader 204 on key tag 201.

Alternative embodiments of Door Detection Apparatus In the description of the alternative embodiments the same or similar numbering has been used for elements that are the same or similar across different embodiment,

So, for example, the casing 106 is referred to in multiple one of the embodiments for convenience. However, where other casings, such as casings 206, 306, 906, etc are referred to, it should be understood that these embodiments contain substantially the same or similar parts and have substantially the same functionality.

An alternative embodiment of door detection apparatus is shown in figure 1b, with the casing 206 of this embodiment fitted over a door lock plate 205. In this embodiment, a camera 207 is fitted to the casing 206, the camera configured to take static images or videos which can be used to determine if the user has received post/mail or to identify who has recently been near the door.

In a further embodiment or variation, as shown in figure 1c, the casing 306 is configured specifically to fit locks of the ‘Euro’ type. In these locks, the cylinder type barrel protrudes slightly from the surface of the lock housing. In this embodiment, the casing 306 comprises a groove 308 which assists with aligning the casing 306 with the euro cylinder type barrel. Also as shown in in this embodiment, the rear face of the casing 306 can be configured with indents or cavities 307 that in use contain double-sided sticky tape or similar. The indents 307 allow the tape to sit substantially flush with the rear face of the casing 306, while still allowing the tape to stick the casing 306 to the door lock.

As shown in figure 1c, the groove 308 extends both above and below the central circular part of the groove - that part that is intended to fit around the circular protruding barrel portion of the lock. This allows the casing to be mounted in both a ‘right way up’ orientation, and an inverted or ‘upside-down’ orientation.

In another embodiment or variation, as shown in figure 1 g, the casing 309 is configured specifically to fit locks with no protruding barrel. This allows the casing to have a thinner profile, allowing it to sit closer/flusher to the door. The casing 309 in this embodiment has indents on the rear, similar to the indents 307 for the embodiment shown in figure 1c, that allow tape to sit substantially flush with the rear face of the casing 306, while still allowing the tape to stick the casing 306 to a door lock.

In a further embodiment or variation of the apparatus, the apparatus can be retrofitted within the housing of a door lock. Some types of lock that are currently available have an extended or protruding area or bulge, such as for example the known type of lock shown in figures 1d and 1e. Locks of this type are designed in this way so as to prevent burglars or similar from accessing the edge of the protruding barrel. The space inside the lock housing (shown as 605 in figures 1d and 1e), under the extended or protruding area, is normally empty ‘dead space’. This space can be used to contain the internal part of the apparatus described above (e.g. the PCB 505 and it’s associated components, and the magnetic sensors 700), removing the need for an external housing. The internal components are generally designated as item 600 in figure 1e.

‘Casing’ as used in this specification should be taken to mean either a separate external casing of the type described above (casing 106), or an integral lock casing as described above and shown in the embodiment of figures 1d and 1e.

As shown in the embodiment of figures 1d and 1e, the lock housing 605 has an opening 607. If the key used with this embodiment has an integrated magnet 213, then this opening can be smaller than would otherwise be the case.

This embodiment can also contain a camera 606, positioned at the top of the handle to capture who is near the door.

Further Variations and Embodiments

Vibration Detection

In a further embodiment, as shown in figure 8b, the apparatus can be used to detect through means of vibration or sound if a door is locked or unlocked, in a closed or open state, and/or if the key has been inserted or removed.

In this embodiment, a vibration or sound sensor 8000 is mounted on the PCB 505 so that in use it is close to or on top of the lock barrel. The sensor 8000 could for example be a microphone or accelerometer used to measure vibration patterns.

A microcontroller 1101 is also mounted on the PCB 505. The microcontroller 1101 in this embodiment is adapted to process and classify signals received from the sensor 8000.

The vibration sensor may be placed on the body of detector so that it makes contact with the locking plate 105, the door 1 or the door frame 108. In this embodiment, there is no need to have the key pass through the detector containing a magnet on the shoulder, as the motion of the key will no longer provide sensor actuation, instead the vibration “signature” of an operation will be used.

In this embodiment the detector goes through an initial setup process as shown in figure 8a before deployment or use, where the user generates a “training data” dataset by performing a number of lock, unlock, insert key, remove key, door open and close operations once the detector is in place. This results in data that contains the “signature” of a number of distinct operations, that are stored on the microcontroller 1101. These vibration patterns form a training dataset that can be transmitted to a remote server, which then passes this dataset through various algorithms such as for example spectral analysis, artificial neural network, and anomaly detection. This is used to create a dataset that is then transmitted back to the microcontroller 1101, and which is used in normal operation to identify operations such as ’lock’, ’unlocked’, ’insert key’, ’remove key’, ’door open’ and ’door closed’ through the recognition of vibration patterns.

In this embodiment, the device needs to be activated before it can start scanning for vibration signals. This can be achieved for example by using either a magnetic or optical sensor to trigger activation.

Other embodiments could use a a combination of this apparatus/method and the previously described apparatus/method.

Rotary Slot based Detector

In a further embodiment, the apparatus is configured for use with a rotating disc to detect a door locked/unlocked state.

The apparatus of this embodiment is shown in figures 11a - 11c. A rotating disc member 1410, containing a contact 1407, is fixed to a PCB 1405 so as to allow the rotating disc member 1410 to rotate and bridge contact 1407 with contacts 1406 located on the PCB 1405 at regular intervals around the perimeter of the disc 1410 in use. This contact is used to determine the rotation of the key 200 while in slot 1408.

In a further variation of this embodiment the contacts 1407 can be replaced with a magnet (and contacts 1406 removed) so as to trigger magnetic sensors via the rotary disc. This variation removes the requirement for there to be magnets on the key.

As shown in figure 11c, in this embodiment the rear of the rotating disc 1410 comprises a protruding part 1420 that in use slots into recess 301 on lock barrel 302 as shown in figure 4a.

Thumb Turn based Detector

In a further embodiment, the apparatus is configured for use with a thumb turn knob, to determine lock or unlock operation.

The apparatus of this embodiment is shown in figures 15a - 15c. In this embodiment, magnetic sensors 1502 are mounted on a PCB 1506, and a magnet 1501 is mounted on the underside of a cylindrical rod 1505 that forms part of the thumb turn lock, between the thumb turn latch 1503 and barrel 302. In use, the magnetic sensors 1502 interact with magnet 1501.

Optical Sensor based Detector

In a further embodiment, the apparatus is configured to use optical sensors to detect interaction between the key and the lock, the sensors either detecting the key itself, or elements on the key that are appropriate for optical sensors.

Window Detector

In a further embodiment, the apparatus is configured for use detecting if a window is in a latched/unlatched state, and if the window is open or closed.

In this embodiment, detection software will detect the presence and removal of a sensed magnetic element instead of monitoring the motion of a key.

An embodiment of the window detector module 800 is shown in figures 9a - 9f.

The window detector module 800 comprises a substantially cuboid housing 801, with an RGB LED 802 on one of the larger faces, as shown in figure 9e.

A casement window 820 retrofitted with an apparatus 800 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 9a and 9b. The window assembly 820 comprises a static frame 806 and a moving or opening window part 807 located within the frame.

The apparatus 800 is configured to locate onto the moving part 807 of the window assembly, and move with the window 807. As well as the apparatus 800, the assembly comprises magnets 803, 804 that in use locate onto the window handle 805 and frame 806 so as to trigger the respective states, as described below.

A sash or sliding window 830 retrofitted with apparatus 800 is shown in figures 9c and 9d. The window comprises a static frame 856 and a moving or opening window part 857 located within the frame. The apparatus 800 is configured to locate onto the moving part 857 of the window assembly, and move with the window 857. As well as the apparatus 800, the assembly comprises magnets 853, 854 that in use locate onto the window latch 855 and frame 856 so as to trigger the respective states, as described below.

As shown in figure 9f, the apparatus 800, suitable for use with either of the windows above, comprises four reed switches 813, 814, 815, 816 arranged within the housing 801 at or towards the centre of each of the sides. In use, and as shown in figures 9a - 9d, the window detector module 800 is fitted to the moving part of a window so that the module 800 is proximate to the window handle 805, directly adjacent to the edge of the window 807 next to the static window frame 806, with one edge aligned parallel to and directly adjacent to the edge of the window.

The apparatus 800 can be mounted via the use of double-sided adhesive strips or screws.

As shown in figures 9a and 9b, when in use with the casement window, a first magnet 803 is fixed to the static window frame 806, directly adjacent to the apparatus 800, on that side next to reed switch 813 in the apparatus 800 in use, so that it will trigger reed switch 813 as there is relative movement between the two (i.e. as the window is opened or closed).

A second magnet 804 is mounted on the window handle 805, with the apparatus 800 and the magnet 804 mutually located so that movement of the handle 805 will cause the magnet 804 to trigger reed switch 814.

The remaining reed switches 815 and 816 extend compatibility with windows that close from the other side.

Operation of the apparatus is similar to that described above for the door apparatus - the triggering of the reed switches is registered by a microcontroller (not shown) inside the apparatus 800. For example, the triggering of reed switch 814 by magnet 804 as the handle 805 is moved from the ‘closed’ or ‘latched’ position to the ‘open’ position, or from the ‘open’ position to the ‘closed’ or ‘latched’ position.

Similarly, reed switch 813 is triggered by magnet 803 as the window 807 is opened and closed.

Connection to a network can be achieved in a similar manner to that outlined above for the door embodiments.

Typically, one of the apparatus 800 and two magnets (e.g. magnets 803, 804) are required for every moving window frame member. Larger windows may have multiple moving members and may require multiple ones of the apparatus 800 and associated magnets.

The principle of operation is similar or the same for sliding windows such as the windown 830 shown in figures 9c and 9d, and any other type of window. As long as the apparatus 800 and an associated magnet or magnets can be located so that movement of the window and/or movement of a lock or latch or handle (and associated magnet) will trigger the closest reed switch within the apparatus 800, then the apparatus can operate successfully.

Additional sensors such as temperature, humidity, proximity and movement sensors can be added to the unit to report back environmental and information. This can be useful due to the position of the window and door detector when coupled with open/close information can help with energy conservation.

A button 818 is shown on the device 800 in figure 9e. Pressing this allows for the window detector to enter a pairing mode during intial setup.

It should be noted that the assembly combines it with another form of detection (latched/unlatched) that has not been implemented before by adding a magnet to the edge of the handle or tip of the latch.